OMAYAL ACHI COLLEGE OF NURSING

PRACTICE TEACHING ON NURSING EDUCATION

POSTERS AND ILLUSTRATED BOOKS

POSTERS:
DEFINITION:

Posters are graphical presentation of simple ideas, which combine picture and short
headlines
CHARACTERISTICS:

Good posters tell the message at a glance

It should be eye catching
It should be brief
It should be clear
It should be good suitable for firsthand experience
The design must captivate the audience

TYPES
There are two types of posters
Teachers prepared posters
Commercially prepared posters
PURPOSES

To educate the public regarding a particular

To teach the patients about safety measures, and other facts relating to health
To convey the message easily
To understand the matter at a glance
To make an instant appeal

PLANNING THE POSTERS:

In making posters first write out on a sheet of paper, the words that express
the message and also draw a rough sketch of picture needed.
Next cut down the number of words and try to think about a slogan or phrase
which expresses the idea.
Once it has been decided what the poster will contain, make a small scaleworking poster.
This will give you an idea of what the finished product will look like. Also it
lets you make changes easily.

MATERIALS TO USE:
The most commonly used materials are drawing paper, poster board, or thick
construction paper or chart.
Material to write or draw are thick wax crayons, water colors, felt tip pens, bright
colored pencils. The effects of poster depend upon the constrast of colors.
Planning the posters: In making the posters first write out on a sheet of paper, the words that
express the messages, and also draw a rough sketch of the picture needed
Next cut down the number of words and try to think about a slogan or
phrase, which express the idea.
Once it has been decided what the poster will contain, make a small
scale- working poster. This will give an idea what the finished product
will look like , also it lets you make changes easily. The effect of posters
depends on contrast of the colors.

Principles: Posters vary in size but those which are 55cm wide by 70 cm long
2228, or 70 m wide by 112 cm are the most effective.
Avoid crowding the letters by first lightly penciling in letters and lines then
filling in the letters.
Most of the letter should be 5 cm length(2)high.
Use colors to attract attention and for contrast.
Do not overlook the possibility of cutting the paper into a shape which
onvey the message.
If nothing is available one can make use of old magazines pictures or
clippings from current periodicals.
Anything on your posters needs to be large enough for the audience to see.
Small artwork that is barely visible is not useful. Stand where the audience
would be and see if everything on your poster is readable or visible.
Text: Keep text short. Dont write entire sentences. Instead, list only points or
concepts and then explain these with your words.
Bullets often work well. Audiences are easily bored if you have too much
writing and then just read off of your poster.
Writing can be done by hand, with stencils, or on a computer. If you write
by hand, use light pencil marks to guide you so your lines are straight .
Use a lettering style or font that is easy to read and that fits your topic.
Ornate fonts are usually not very effective. Be sure you dont use too many
different fonts on one poster.
Generally, one or two different styles are all you need. Capital letters are
usually more difficult to read than lower case ones.
Use capitals only when needed or for special emphasis. Boldface type,
italics, and underlining can also be used for emphasis, but again, dont
overuse them.

Color: The use of color is extremely important. Color can create a mood, it can
match your topic, and it can help tie all of your presentation together. It can
be used to highlight major points or to help organize your information.
Dont overuse color; two to three colors per poster generally works best. You
will need to experiment until you find a combination of colors that works
well for what you are attempting to present. It is best to choose one color of
poster board to use for all your posters.
This creates a professional look and unites all your visual aids together.
Make sure the colors you select are readable. Use dark colors on light
backgrounds and light colors on dark backgrounds.
Good poster board colors are white, green, blue and gray. Bright yellow, red
or orange may be hard to look at for very long although they can be used for
special effects.
Try to use one dominant color and have a contrast between light and dark
colors. Avoid using red and green together as this is difficult for color blind
people to see.
Borders
Borders visually force your audience to focus on the text on the poster
by acting as a barrier. This barrier stops the audiences eyes from
wandering off the paper.
Borders can be as simple as a straight black line drawn around the
perimeter of the poster board.
They can be more elaborate as long as they do not distract from the
content.
Decorating the four corners can be an effective border.

ADVANTAGES:
1. Permits correlation of information

2. Assist organization of material

3. Photograph are nearer to reality than drawings, but association is often
valuable
4. Easily produced and depicted
5. Easy to store or catalogue and retrieve
DIS ADVANTAGES:
1. For small group only
2. Life period is very little
3. May not convey the exact message

ILLUSTRATED BOOKS:
MEANING:

Books containing photographs, prints, drawings, portraits, plates, diagrams,

facsimiles, maps, tables, or other representations or systematic arrangement of data
designed to elucidate or decorate its contents.

HISTORY:
Book illustration as we now know it evolved from early European woodblock
printing. In the early 1400s, playing cards were created using block printing, which
was the first use of prints in a sequenced and logical order.
"The first known European block printings with a communications function were
devotional prints of saints." These later turned into block books in the mid-1400s,
used to spread religious messages to illiterate masses.
Each page was carved from one single block of wood and printed as an image
As the demand for books grew, and paper became more available, printers across
Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Italy began devising ways to "mechanize"
book production using movable type.
This is when Johann Gutenberg invented typography and the printing press in the
1450s.
As printing took off and books became common, printers began to use woodblocks
to illustrate them. Hence, "centers for woodblock playing-card and religious-print
production became centers for illustrated book
TYPES OF ILLUSTRATED BOOKS:
Hand Drawn
Hand drawn images are uncommon in books simply because of the time it takes to
replicate each page. Hand drawn sketches, watercolors, paintings and calligraphy
are nearly always reserved to limited editions and specialty art books and
accompanying inscriptions.

Woodcuts
Woodcuts are a form of relief painting (something which is embossed from the real
surface of painting) where images carved with the grain into soft wood blocks with
knives and chisels create a raised picture that can be inked over and pressed onto
paper thus transferring the image. These are the earliest forms of printed
illustrations that began in Europe around the end of the 14th century and the 8th
century (or possibly earlier) in East Asia. Wood block printing was also the
technique used to create blockbooK.
Wood Engraving
This process is a similar concept to the woodcut except that rather than using a soft
wood and cutting with the grain of the wood the artist uses a hard wood and cuts
against the grain. The harder wood makes the process more difficult but allows for
a greater degree of detail in the final print. Wood engraving was pioneered in the
late 18th century and continues to be used today.
Intaglio
This is a form of counter-relief printing where the surface to be inked is lower than
the areas to remain blank. After the entire surface of the plate is inked, the higher
surfaces are wiped clean and the paper is forced into the groves to receive the ink.
Early types of intaglio printing (1500s) were prepared on copper plates and these
eventually gave way to more sturdy metals such as steel as new technology became
available and print runs increased requiring a more durable plate. Types of printing
in the intaglio family include aquatint, mezzotint, and engraving.
Aquatint
An etching artist uses acid to make marks on a metal printing plate. They apply an
acid resistant coating to a plate and then mark lines with a needle where the acid
will be allowed contact with the metal. Depressions are created where the acid has
touched the metal creating wells for the ink to collect in. With aquatint the artist
will repeatedly dip the plate into the acid mixture each time applying an acid
resistant substance to areas that have achieved the desired tonality.

Mezzotint
The first tonal method to be used, this is achieved by roughening the plate with
small dots made with a metal tool called a rocker. These tiny pits in the plate hold
the ink when the face is wiped clean. The result is a varying tonality in the print.
Engraving
With engraving, the design is simply cut into a metal plate using a burin
Lithography
Invented in 1796 by the Bavarian author Alois Senefelder, lithography works on
the chemical principle that grease and water repel each other. There is no carving
in lithography and all design is done on the surface of the stone or metal plate. To
create the image, an artist draws on their plate with greasy substances in the design
they wish to apply and then covers the plate with a water film. Ink is then applied
to the plate where it will only stick to the greasy design and be repelled by the
water. Thus when the paper is pressed onto the stone a mirror image of the artists
design is left in ink on the paper.
Chromolithography
Stemming from the process of lithography, chromolithography was developed in
the early 1800s as an easier way to make multi-color prints. In the simplest terms,
chromolithography is a colored image printed by many applications of the
lithography technique - each new plate being used for a different color.
IMPLICATION IN NUSING
Develops critical thinking and stimulates creativity
Stimulates conceptual learning

 Promotes better understanding

Makes learning effective
Increase the power of attention and grasping