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Note: Do not assume these values to be LAWS. They are only typical values, which SHOULD BE
VERIFIED for each application. Also, if youre interested in learning even more, heres a free download for
you: Standardized EMCS Energy Savings Calculations (20.3MB PDF)

General Information
Air Movement

6 ACH
1 CFM/ft2

Ventilation Rate

5 CFM/person

Fan Energy

1000-1500 CFM/hp

Electric Motors

.8-.85 kW/hp

Lighting

2-4 watts/ft2

Chiller Size

300-400 ft2/ton

Ton

12,000 BTU/ton

Chilled Water

2.4 GPM/ton (10 rise)

Condenser Water

3 GPM/ton (10 rise)

Chiller Input

.7-.8 kW/ton

Chillers & Pumps &

Towers

.9-1.0 kW/ton

Absorbers

18 lbs steam/ton

Boiler Horsepower

33,479 BTU/hr = 9.8 kW

Rebuilt Systems Design

55F supply air

30-40 rise reheat coils

Dual Duct & Multizone

Design

55 cold deck
70-105 hot deck with ODA Reset Schedule

VAV

55F cooling
10% box leakage flow
40-50% minimum fan volume

People Load

450 BTU/person/hr

People Density

Office

140 ft2/person

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14 ft2/person

Theater
Heat Transmission

Infiltration

See ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals

Glass

1 BTU/ft2/F

Good Wall

0.1 BTU/ft2/F

Masonry Wall

0.15-0.3 BTU/ft2/F

Thin Poor Wall

0.25-0.5 BTU/ft2/F

Overall Building

0.15-0.5 BTU/ft2/F

0.5-1.5 ACH without Building Pressurization

Chiller Efficiencies
EER COP kW/ton
Air-cooled
(including condenser power >
150 tons)
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 1999

9.6

2.8

1.26

Good

9.9

2.9

1.21

Best

10.6 3.1

1.13

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 1999

16.7 4.9

0.72

Good

18.5 5.4

0.65

Best

26.7 7.8

0.45

Water-cooled
(>300 ton centrifugal
compressor)

Overview
Emissions Calculator
Conversion Calculators
EER/COP/KW/ton Conversion Calculator
HVAC Acronyms
HVAC Rules of Thumb
Sample Size Generator
R-Value Table

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