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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 2 RTP and RTCP............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 Brief Introduction............................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 RTP/RTCP Applications.................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Packet Format and Meaning.............................................................................................2-2
2.3.1 RTP Header Format............................................................................................... 2-2
2.3.2 RTCP Packet Format.............................................................................................. 2-3
2.3.3 RTCP Functions..................................................................................................... 2-4
2.3.4 RTCP Transmission Interval...................................................................................2-4
Sequence numbering
Time stamping
Delivery monitoring.
RTP itself does not provide any mechanism to ensure timely delivery or provide other
quality of service (QoS) guarantees, but relies on lower layer protocols to do so.
At present, RTP/RTCP is widely used in IP bearer voice service flow transmission.
RTP can also provide end-to-end network transport functions over multicast or unicast
network services, which are suitable for applications transmitting various real-time
data, such as video and simulation data.
RTP involves two closely correlated parts.
RTP Control Protocol (RTCP): monitors QoS and the information about members
involving a transfer or a session.
RTP guarantees timely transmission and synchronization of audio and video; and
RCTP is used to monitor RTP and QoS. For details about the protocols, refer to
related RFC documents. RTP does not address resource reservation and does not
guarantee QoS for real-time services. The data transport is augmented by RTCP. The
RTCP allows monitoring of the data delivery in a manner scalable to large multicast
networks, and provides minimal control and identification. RTP/RTCP is independent
from the following transport layer and network layer.
RTCP
UDP
IP
ETH
IP
Length
Meaning
(bit)
Version
Padding(P)
Extension (X)
Field
Length
Meaning
(bit)
CSRC Count
(CC)
Mark (M)
Payload
16
Type (PT)
Sequence
Number
of
the
sequence
number is random
and
32
to
synchronization
to
allow
32
CSRC List
0-480
Description
Describes transmission and reception statistics from the
gateways that are active senders
RR (receiver report)
SDES (source
description item)
CNAME
BYE
APP
Each RTCP packet begins with a fixed part similar to that of RTP data packets; and it
is followed by structured elements that may be of variable length according to the
packet type but always end on a 32-bit boundary. The alignment and a length field in
the fixed part make RTCP packets "stackable". In other words, multiple RTCP packets
form a compound RTCP packet that is sent in a single packet of the lower layer
protocol, for example, UDP. There is no explicit count of individual RTCP packets in
the compound packet since the lower layer protocols are expected to provide an
overall length to determine the end of the compound packet.
Provides feedback on the quality of the data distribution. The receiver diagnoses
faults on transport lines and controls RTP packet transfer according to the
feedback information in RTCP packets. The feedback function is accomplished
through sending and receiving reports by RTCP.
Carries a persistent identifier for a RTP source, which is called the canonical
name (CNAME). Since the RTP header may change if a conflict is discovered or
a program is restarted, receivers require the CNAME to keep track of each partici
pant.