Mrunal (Aptitude) Product Consistency - If Sugar Price Increases Then Consumption Should Be Decreased by What %, Time-Speed-Distance Problems, Shortcut

Mrunal [Aptitude] Product Consistency: If Sugar price increases then con...
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[Aptitude] Product Consistency: If Sugar price increases then consumption

should be Decreased by What %, Time-Speed-Distance problems, shortcuts for
SSC, IBPS, CSAT, CAT
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Case: Sugar Consumption Budget dont change

Case: Salary comparison: How much more or less?
Case: Increased consumption absolute value
Case: Apples price decrease absolute value
Case: Time-Speed-Distance
Mock questions
Food for thought
IF you want to master this method, then dont just read the article, simultaneously do
all calculations in your rough-note/paper.
Case: Sugar Consumption Budget dont change

Q. if price of sugar is increased by 25%. But a family wants to keep its expenditure
same as earlier. Then they should decrease their consumption by how much
percentage?
Suppose initial price of Sugar was Rs.100 per kg
And this family needs 2 kg per month. (=quantity consumed)
So what is their budget (or Expenditure?)
Before price rise
Price
100
Quantity
2 kg
Budget = Price x quantity 100 x 2=Rs.200 per month
Now the price of sugar is increased by 25%.
So if previously it was Rs.100 per kg, now it is Rs.100+25=Rs.125 per kg.
Before
After
Price
100
125
Quantity
2 kg
Budget = Price x quantity 100 x 2=Rs.200 per month
If the family still wants to buy 2 kg sugar, theyll have to pay Rs.125 x 2 = Rs.250. But
they dont want to increase their budget (Expenditure). Obviously they will have to cut
down on their monthly consumption (Quantity of sugar.)
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To solve this problem, just take ratio of both prices

100/125
=(254)/(255)
=4 / 5
It means 100/125=4/5
Now, reverse this ratio (4/5 =>5/4) and write it, in the table.
Means, in 100s column, Ill write 5 and in 125s column, Ill write 4.
Before
After
Price
100
125
Ratio reversed?
5
4
Demand
2 kg
Budget = Price x Demand 100 x 2=Rs.200 per month
What is the percentage change in Ratio-Reversed?
Well, before it was 5 and after it has decreased to 4.
% decrease from 5 to 4 is
=(5-4)/5
=1/5
=20% decrease.
Thats our answer.
If price is increased by 25% then we must decrease our consumption by 20% to keep
the budget same.
Lets check if our approach is correct.
According to above technique, weve found that consumption /demand should decrease
by 20%.
So if earlier family consumed 2kg
Now they should consume only 100% minus 20%=80% of original demand
=80% of 2kg
=0.8 x 2
=1.6 kg
Update the table.

Before
Price
100
Quantity
5
Budget = Price x quantity 2 kg
Price
100 x 2=Rs.200 per month
After
125
4
1.6
125 x 1.6=Rs.200 per month
As you can see, if we decrease demand/consumption from 2 kg to 1.6 then budget

remains same (Rs.200).
It proves that weve not made any mistake.
Another way is to use readymade formula
Formula
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Percentage decrease = 100m / (100+m), where m is the original percentage.

Therefore
Percentage decrease in sugar case
=100 x 25 / (100+25)
=100 x 25/125
=20% decrease.
You can use whichever technique you like.
But once you master product consistency, lot of profit-loss, time-speed-distance
questions can be solved in less than a minute.
Anyways, lets try some more easy questions and then move to difficult ones.
Case: Salary comparison: How much more or less?

1. If Salary of Mr.Abdul is 25% more then Mr.Bhide, then Mr.Bhides salary is how
much % less than Mr.Abduls?
Assume Bhide earn Rs.100 per month Then Abdul has to earn Rs.100+25=125
Fill up the table.
Salary
Ratio (reversed)
Bhide Abdul
100 125
Now get the ratio

100/125=4/5
Reverse it (from 4/5 to 5/4) and plug it in the table
Bhide Abdul
Salary
100 125
Ratio (reversed) 5
4
Thats it. What is the decrease?
(5-4)/5 x 100
=1/5 x 100
=20% less
Final answer: Mr.Bhides salary is 20% less than Abduls.
Ofcourse you could directly calculate: (125-100)/125=20% but that wont help us
quickly solve the complex cases situation like following.
Case: Increased consumption absolute value

Q. A family spends Rs.600 on sugar every month. The price of sugar is decreased by
20% and theyre able to buy 5kg sugar more. What was the original price of sugar (per
kg)?
This is not at all complicated. Budget =Rs.600 (Constant)
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Assume that original price is Rs.100 (please note: this is not the answer, we are
just assuming).
New price is 20% less = 100 minus 20 = Rs.80 per kg
Assume that originally they used to buy m kilos of sugar every month.
Before After
Rs.100 Rs.80
Price
Ratio-reversed
Quantity
M
Budget
600
600
So if price is decreased by 20% then consumption quantity should increase by what

percentage?
Just take ratio of price
100/80
=10/8
=5/4
Reverse It and fill up in the table
Before After
Price
Rs.100 Rs.80
Ratio-reversed 4
5
Quantity
m
Budget
So whats the increase in quantity ?
Just look at the ratio reversed: 4 to 5. So increase is:
(5-4)/4 x 100
=1/4 x 100
=25%
It means if sugar price decreases by 20% then we can buy 25% more sugar.
So if earlier this family used to by m kilos of sugar, now they should be able to
buy Total= (m + 25% of m) kilos of sugar.
How much more sugar can they buy? 25% of m
But the question itself says that family is able to buy 5 kg sugar more.
It means
25% of m =5 kg
(25/100) x m=5
M=5 x (100/25)
M=20kg
Another way is (% to fraction)

25% when converted to fraction =1/4
So 1/4th of m=5 kg
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So m= 5 x 4=20 kg.
In either way: it means originally family used to buy 20 kilos of sugar.
And their budget was Rs.600. (given in the question)
So what was the per kilo price of sugar?
20kg=Rs.600
So 1 kg=600/20=30Rs. per kilo
Final answer= original price of sugar was Rs.30 per kg.
Lets try a similar question, so our concept is crystal clear.
Case: Apples price decrease absolute value

This is also from SSC-CGL exam.
Q. A man spends Rs.54 on apples every month. Price of Apple is decreased by 20%
and this man can buy 10 apples more. What is the reduced price per dozen?
If price is 20% decreased => consumption should increased by 25% (as seen in
previous case)
Suppose he used to buy m number of apples initially.
Now he can by 25% more apples.
But question itself says that he is buying 10 more apples.
Therefore,
25% of m =10
1/4 of m=10 (because 25%=25/100=1/4)
1/4 of m =10
M=40
So what was the original price?

Total 54 rupees spent on 40 apples
=Rs.54/40
And weve to find answer in dozen so multiply with 12
Original price= Rs.(54/40) x 12
Donot simplify yet.
Weve to find reduced price.
Question says, price is reduced by 20%.
So new price
=100 Minus 20=80%of original price
=0.8 x (54/40) x 12
=Rs.12.96
Final answer: the reduced price of apples is Rs.12.96 per dozen.
Another approach
Originally he bought 40 apples.
Now he can buy 25% more
=100+25=125% of original apples
=1.25 x 40
=50 apples.
And his budget is Rs.54 means he buys 50 apples for 54 rupees,
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50 apples = 54 rupees
12 apples = how much?
How much = 54 x 12 / 50 =Rs.12.96 per dozen.
Now lets apply this concept in Time-Speed-Distance question
Case: Time-Speed-Distance
Again from old SSC-CGL exam
Q. Walking at 6/7th of his usual speed, a man is 25 minutes late for his destination.
What is his usual time to cover this distance (in hours)?
Speed x time = distance
This is same as price x quantity = budget.
Here distance remains the same, just like in sugar-cases, budget remains the same.
We dont know his speed, so lets assume his usual speed = 1 kmph
And his late speed = 6/7th of usual speed = 6/7 x 1= 6/7 kmph
Speed
Ratio reversed
Usual case Late case

1
6/7
Just take ratio

Usual/late=1/(6/7)=7/6
Reverse it (7/6 to 6/7 )and put it back in the table.
Usual case Late case
Speed
1
6/7
Ratio reversed 6
7
Time
T
Ok so if speed is decreased to 6/7th then time is increased by what fraction (or
percentage?)
6 to 7
=(7-6)/6
=1/6 increase in time.
Suppose his usual time was T, then it should be increased by 1/6th of original time
T
But we know that he is late by 25 minutes.
It means 1/6th of T=25 minutes
1/6 x T = 25
T=25 x 6=150 minutes
But the question is asking time in hours.
150 minutes
=60 minutes + 60 minutes + 30 minutes
=1hour + 1 hour + 30 minutes
=2 hours and 30 minutes
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Another way to convert minutes into hours

60 minutes = 1 hr
150 minutes = how many hours?
Therefore: How many hours = 1 x 150 / 60
When you divide 150 by 60 you 2 as quotient and 30 as remainder. So Correct
answer is 2 hours and 30 minutes.
Important: In Minutes to hour conversion via division method, You should not cut
zeros, else you get wrong answer.
For example, 150/60= 15/6 but when you divide 15 by 6, you get remainder 3 = answer
comes as 2 hours and 3 minutes = wrong answer.
Mock questions
1. Journalist Popatlals income is 37.5% less than Dr. Iyyers. Then Dr.Iyyers
income is how much % more than Popatlals income?
2. If price of Desi-liquor is increased by 20% then Mohan should cut down
consumption by what %, to keep his budget unchanged?
3. Petrol price is doubled. But we dont want to raise our expenditure. Then We
should cut down our petrol consumption by what percentage?
4. If the speed of a motorboat is decreased by one fourth, then journey completion
time should increase by what percentage?
5. Price of rice is increased from Rs. 6 to 7.5 per kg. If we dont want to increase
our Expenditure. We should decrease our rice-consumption by what percentage?
6. Mobile company increased the call charges by 50%. If I want to keep my budget
unchanged, I should reduce talk-time by what percentage?
7. Dish TV has reduced the channel prices by 20% now Im able to subscribe to 5
more channels in the same budget of Rs.400. How many channels did I subscribe
earlier?
8. Writing at 3/4th of my usual speed, I finished the question paper 20 minutes late.
Had I written the answers at my regular speed, I could have finished the whole
paper in how many hours?
9. Earlier UPSC used to ask 579 questions for 2900 marks. Now they want to
decrease number of questions by 20% but want to keep total marks same as
earlier. So, they should increase the marks per question by what percentage?
10. If a politicians bribe income is decreased by 10% then his anger increases by
how much percentage? hahaha
Answers
1. Iyyer Popat
60% Perhaps this is the reason why Popat is unable to find a bride
while Iyyer walked away with Babita-ji.
2. Desi liquor
16.67% decrease (1/6)
3. Petrol
Double
50% decrease in consumption.(hint double = 100 to 200 =100%

increase)
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Food for thought

Try these two questions: (You can solve them via STD table method but try to solve
them via this product consistency method. Youll get the answer much more quickly!)
1. Jethalal goes to shop at the speed 30 km/h, and he reaches six minutes early. Next
day he goes at the speed of 24 km/h, and he reaches five minutes late. Find the
distance between his home and shop. (Ans=22kms)
2. Tappu walks from home to school @5kmph and reaches 15 minutes early. After
the school is over, he is very tired. So he walks back from school to home at a
slow speed of just 3kmph and reaches 9 minutes late. Find distance between his
home and school. (Ans=3 kms)
But How to apply product consistency ^here in these two question? =will be
explained later.
All [Aptitude] Articles are listed at Mrunal.org/aptitude
URL to article: http://mrunal.org/2013/01/aptitude-product-consistency-shortcutsssc-ibps-csat-cat.html

Posted By Mrunal On 17/01/2013 @ 19:37 In the category Aptitude
7/28/2014 10:24 AM

Mrunal (Aptitude) Product Consistency - If Sugar Price Increases Then Consumption Should Be Decreased by What %, Time-Speed-Distance Problems, Shortcut

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Mrunal [Aptitude] Product Consistency: If Sugar price increases then con...

[Aptitude] Product Consistency: If Sugar price increases then consumption

Case: Sugar Consumption Budget dont change

Case: Sugar Consumption Budget dont change