Chapter Four Week 9

4/9/2014
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)
JF 302 MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY 1

www.pis.edu.my
CLO 3 : Show various principles of materials testing

and material defects.
Week 9
peneraju ilmu sejagat
materials testing mechanical properties
Describe materials testing
destructive tests
non destructive tests
Why are metals tested?
Define mechanical properties

Think critically 4.1
Describe destructive tests

Describe non destructive tests
destructive tests
Why are metals tested?

1. to determine quality of certain material for
controlling process aspect in plant production.
2. to determine mechanical properties such as
strength, hardness, ductility and toughness.
3. to trace defects/ flaws inside the material, example
for welding job.
4. to evaluate material performance in certain service
condition, example for automobile industries such
as in engine block testing
destructive tests
How to level the failure of

mechanical materials?
4/9/2014
destructive tests
How to level the failure of

mechanical materials?
Match the types of defects:Think critically 4.2
Factor of Safety is the ratio comparing the actual stress

on a material and the safe useable stress.
Existent defects
defects caused by situation in services such as

corrosion, stress and fatigue.
Process defects
defects formed by various of process such as

machining, heat treatment and rolling.
Service defects
destructive tests
destructive tests
defects caused
casting.
by solidifies process such as in
destructive tests
MATERIALS TESTING
Match the types of defects:Think critically 4.3
Existent defects
defects caused by situation in services such as

corrosion, stress and fatigue.
Process defects
defects formed by various of process such as

machining, heat treatment and rolling.
Service defects
defects caused
casting.
by solidifies process such as in
destructive tests
Definition
Destructive Test DT
Non-destructive Test
NDT
Implies fir finding the

specimen's failure, in order
to understand a
specimen's structural
performance or material
behaviour under different
loads. The process will
cause damage the tested
part.
Implies for finding

defective parts inside or on
the surface of a material
and does not damage or
ruined tested part/
specimen.
destructive tests
MATERIALS TESTING
Destructive Test DT
Types
i. Tensile Test
ii. Hardness Test : Brinell,
Vickers, Rockwell and
Knoop
iii. Impact Test : Izod and
Charpy
iv. CreepTest
v. FatigueTest
vi. Bending Test
vii. Compression Test
viii. Torsion Test
Non-destructive Test
NDT
i. Visual Inspection
ii. Liquid Penetrant
Inspection
iii. Magnetic Particle
Inspection
iv. Eddy Current
Inspection
v. Ultrasonic
Inspection
vi. Radiography
Inspection
What are the types of loading?

4/9/2014
destructive tests
What are the types of loading?
destructive tests
Fill in the blank:Think critically 4.4
____________________ To determine such properties as the modulus of elasticity in shear,

the torsion yield strength and the modulus of rupture.
____________________ To determine the strength of a material by applying force to the
item and seeing how it reacts under pressure. Indicates an index of ductility.
Torsion
Shear
Tensile
____________________ Indicates the strength, ductility and toughness of a metal. It can

measure stress strain curve, tensile strength, yield strength, reduction in area, Youngs
modulus, resilience and toughness.
____________________ The material is elastic until certain stress amount and having
plastic deformation after reaching the stress amount limit. Usually done before forging, rolling
and extrusion processes.
Compressive
____________________ Indicates the metals that subjected to reserved or repeated

stresses fail at loads that are far below their ultimate tensile or compressive strength.
____________________ Indicates slow and progressive deformation of a material with time
under a constant stress.
destructive tests
destructive tests
TENSILE STRENGTH
Fill in the blank:Torsion Test

____________________
To determine such properties as the modulus of elasticity in shear,
the torsion yield strength and the modulus of rupture.
Tensile strength is the ability of a metal to resist being pulled

apart by opposing forces acting in a straight line.
Bending Test
____________________
To determine the strength of a material by applying force to the
item and seeing how it reacts under pressure. Indicates an index of ductility.
Tensile Test
____________________
Indicates the strength, ductility and toughness of a metal. It can
measure stress strain curve, tensile strength, yield strength, reduction in area, Youngs
modulus, resilience and toughness.
Compression Test
____________________ The material is elastic until certain stress amount and having
plastic deformation after reaching the stress amount limit. Usually done before forging, rolling
and extrusion processes.
Fatigue Test
____________________
Indicates the metals that subjected to reserved or repeated
stresses fail at loads that are far below their ultimate tensile or compressive strength.
Creep Test
____________________ Indicates slow and progressive deformation of a material with time

under a constant stress.
destructive tests
SHEAR STRENGTH
Shear strength is the ability of a metal fractured by opposing
forces not acting in to resist being a straight line.
destructive tests
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Compressive strength is the ability of a metal to withstand
pressures acting on a given plane.
4/9/2014
destructive tests
destructive tests
ELASTICITY
What is elastic deformation?

Elasticity is the ability of metal to return to its original size
and shape after being stretched or pulled out of shape.
destructive tests
What is elastic deformation?

destructive tests
What is plastic deformation for

metals?
bonds
stretch
return to
initial
F
When a sufficient load is applied to a metal or other structural material, it will cause
the material to change shape. This change in shape is called deformation.
A temporary shape change that is self-reversing after the force is removed, so that
the object returns to its original shape, is called elastic deformation.
destructive tests
destructive tests
ELASTIC VS PLASTIC DEFORMATION
What is plastic deformation for

metals?
When the stress is sufficient

to permanently deform the
metal, it is called plastic
deformation.
The deformation is not
reversible.
linear
elastic
linear
elastic
plastic
4/9/2014
destructive tests
destructive tests
ELASTIC VS PLASTIC DEFORMATION
DUCTILITY
Ductility is the ability of a metal to be drawn or stretched
permanently without rupture or fracture. Metals that lack
ductility will crack or break before bending.
F
linear
elastic
linear
elastic
plastic
elastic
plastic
destructive tests
metal
MALLEABILITY
Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered, rolled,
or pressed into various shapes without rupture or fracture.
destructive tests
TOUGHNESS
Toughness is the ability of a metal to resist fracture as well as
the ability to resist failure after the damage has begun.
A tough metal can withstand considerable stress, slowly or
suddenly applied, and will deform before failure.
destructive tests
HARDNESS
Hardness is the ability of a metal to resist scratches, dents
and wears by another metal or material.
destructive tests
MACHINABILITY/ WELDABILITY
Machinability and weldability are the ease or difficulty with
which a material can be machined or welded.
The hardness of a metal limits the ease with which it can be

machined, since toughness decreases as hardness
increases.
The hardness of a metal can usually be controlled by heat
treatment.
4/9/2014
destructive tests
CORROSION RESISTANCE
Corrosion resistance is the resistance of a materials to
wearing or corroding away by air, moisture, or other agents.
destructive tests
destructive tests
HEAT/ ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

Heat and electrical conductivity is the ease with which a
metal conducts or transfers heat or electricity.
destructive tests
BRITTLENESS
Brittleness is the tendency of a material to fracture or break
with little or no deformation, bending, or twisting.
Brittleness is usually not a desirable mechanical property.
Normally, the harder the metal, the more brittle it is.
Name and describe the mechanical

properties?

Chapter Four Week 9

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Chapter Four Week 9

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4/9/2014

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

JF 302 MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY 1

CLO 3 : Show various principles of materials testing

peneraju ilmu sejagat

peneraju ilmu sejagat

materials testing mechanical properties

Describe materials testing

non destructive tests

Why are metals tested?

Define mechanical properties

Describe destructive tests

peneraju ilmu sejagat

materials testing mechanical properties

peneraju ilmu sejagat

non destructive tests

Why are metals tested?

peneraju ilmu sejagat

Think critically 4.1

materials testing mechanical properties

How to level the failure of

non destructive tests

Think critically 4.2

peneraju ilmu sejagat

materials testing mechanical properties

How to level the failure of

non destructive tests

materials testing mechanical properties

non destructive tests

Match the types of defects:Think critically 4.2

Factor of Safety is the ratio comparing the actual stress

Think critically 4.3

defects caused by situation in services such as

defects formed by various of process such as

peneraju ilmu sejagat

materials testing mechanical properties

by solidifies process such as in

peneraju ilmu sejagat

non destructive tests

materials testing mechanical properties

non destructive tests

Match the types of defects:Think critically 4.3

defects caused by situation in services such as

defects formed by various of process such as

by solidifies process such as in

peneraju ilmu sejagat

materials testing mechanical properties

Implies fir finding the

Implies for finding

peneraju ilmu sejagat

non destructive tests

materials testing mechanical properties

non destructive tests

peneraju ilmu sejagat

What are the types of loading?

peneraju ilmu sejagat

materials testing mechanical properties

non destructive tests

What are the types of loading?

materials testing mechanical properties

non destructive tests

Fill in the blank:Think critically 4.4

____________________ To determine such properties as the modulus of elasticity in shear,

____________________ Indicates the strength, ductility and toughness of a metal. It can