National Hockey League - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

1/7/2015
NationalHockeyLeagueWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
NationalHockeyLeague
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
TheNationalHockeyLeague(NHLFrench:LiguenationaledehockeyLNH)isaprofessional
icehockeyleaguecomposedof30memberclubs:23intheUnitedStatesand7inCanada.
HeadquarteredinNewYorkCity,theNHLiswidelyconsideredtobethepremierprofessionalice
hockeyleagueintheworld,[2]andoneofthemajorprofessionalsportsleaguesintheUnitedStates
andCanada.TheStanleyCup,theoldestprofessionalsportstrophyinNorthAmerica,[3]isawarded
annuallytotheleagueplayoffchampionattheendofeachseason.
TheNationalHockeyLeaguewasorganizedonNovember26,1917,inMontreal,Quebec,afterthe
suspensionofoperationsofitspredecessororganization,theNationalHockeyAssociation(NHA),
whichhadbeenfoundedin1909inRenfrewOntario.[4]TheNHLimmediatelytooktheNHA's
placeasoneoftheleaguesthatcontestedfortheStanleyCupinanannualinterleaguecompetition
beforeaseriesofleaguemergersandfoldslefttheNHLastheonlyleagueleftcompetingforthe
StanleyCupin1926.TheNHLstartedwithfourteams(allbasedinCanada)and,throughaseries
ofexpansions,contractionsandrelocations,isnowcomposedof30activefranchises.The"nation"
referredtobytheleague'snamewasCanada,althoughtheleaguehasnowbeenbinationalsince
1924whenitsfirstteamintheUnitedStates,theBostonBruins,beganplay.Afteralabour
managementdisputethatledtothecancellationoftheentire200405season,theleagueresumed
playunderanewcollectiveagreementthatincludedasalarycap.In2009,theNHLenjoyedrecord
highsintermsofsponsorships,attendance,andtelevisionaudiences.[5]
Theleaguedrawsmanyhighlyskilledplayersfromallovertheworldandcurrentlyhasplayers
fromapproximately20differentcountries.[6]Canadianshavehistoricallyconstitutedthemajority
oftheplayersintheleague,withadramaticallyincreasingpercentageofAmericanandEuropean
playersinrecentseasons.
Contents
1History
1.1Earlyyears
1.2ExpansionintotheUnitedStatesandtheOriginalSix
1.3PostOriginalSixexpansion
1.4Labourissues
1.5Playersafetyissues
2Organizationalstructure
2.1Executives
3Teams
3.1Realignment
3.2Listofteams
3.3Defunctandrelocatedteams
4Game
5Hockeyrink
6Rules
7Seasonstructure
8EntryDraft
9Trophiesandawards
10Currentseasonleaders
11Originofplayers
12Televisionandradio
12.1Canada
12.2UnitedStates
12.3NHLNetwork
12.4Outofmarketsportspackages
12.5International
13Popularity
14Charitablecauses
15Seealso
16Footnotes
17References
18Furtherreading
19Externallinks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League
NationalHockeyLeague
Liguenationaledehockey(French)
Currentseason,competitionoredition:
201516NHLseason
Sport
Icehockey
Founded
November26,1917(97years),
Montreal,Quebec,Canada
Commissioner
GaryBettman
Inaugural
season
191718
No.ofteams
30[1]
Countries
Canada(7teams)
UnitedStates(23teams)
Headquarters
NewYorkCity,NewYork,U.S.
Continent
NorthAmerica
Mostrecent
champion(s)
ChicagoBlackhawks(6thtitle)
Mosttitles
MontrealCanadiens(25)[nb1]
TVpartner(s)
Canada: RogersMedia, [nb2]

NHLNetwork
UnitedStates:NBCSports
Group,NHLNetwork
Officialwebsite www.nhl.com
(http://www.nhl.com)
1/17
1/7/2015
History
Earlyyears
Wedidn'tthrow[TorontoBlueshirtsowner]EddieLivingstoneout.Perishthethought.Thatwouldhavebeenillegalandunfair.
Also,itwouldn'thavebeensporting.Wejustresigned,andwishedhimafinefuturewithhisNationalAssociationfranchise.
MontrealWanderersownerSamLichtenhein,astoldtosportsjournalistElmerFerguson[7]
TheNationalHockeyLeaguewasestablishedin1917asthesuccessortotheNationalHockeyAssociation(NHA),officiallycalledtheNational
HockeyAssociationofCanadaLimited.FoundedbyAmbroseO'Brienin1909,theNHAbeganplayoneyearlaterwithseventeamsinOntarioand
Quebec,andwasoneofthefirstmajorleaguesinprofessionalicehockey.ButbytheNHA'seighthseason,aseriesofdisputeswithToronto
BlueshirtsownerEddieLivingstoneledtheotherteamowners,representingtheMontrealCanadiens,MontrealWanderers,OttawaSenators,and
QuebecBulldogstomeetattheWindsorHotelinMontrealtotalkabouttheleague'sfuture.[8]Realizingtheleagueconstitutionleftthemunableto
forceLivingstoneout,thefourteamsvotedinsteadtosuspendtheNHA,andonNovember26,1917,formedtheNationalHockeyLeague.[9]Whilea
fullmemberofthenewleague,theBulldogswereunabletoplay,andtheremainingownerscreatedanewteaminToronto,theArenas,tocompete
withtheCanadiens,WanderersandSenators.[10]ThefirstgameswereplayedthreeweekslateronDecember19.[11]JoeMalonescoredfivegoalsina
74victoryfortheCanadiensovertheSenatorsonopeningnighthefinishedthe191718seasonwith44goalsin20games.[12]Theleaguenearly
collapsedinJanuary1918whentheMontrealArenaburneddown,causingtheWandererstoceaseoperationsandforcingtheCanadienstohastily
findanewarena.[13]TheNHLcontinuedonasathreeteamleagueuntiltheBulldogsreturnedin1919.[14]
TheNHLreplacedtheNHAasoneoftheleaguesthatcompetedfortheStanleyCup,whichwasaninterleaguecompetitionbackthen.Torontowon
thefirstNHLtitle,thendefeatedthePacificCoastHockeyAssociation'sVancouverMillionairestowinthe1918StanleyCup[15]TheCanadienswon
theleaguetitlein1919howevertheirStanleyCupFinalagainsttheSeattleMetropolitanswasabandonedwiththeseriestiedafterseveralplayers
becameillasaresultoftheSpanishFluepidemicthatresultedinMontrealdefencemanJoeHall'sdeath.[16]MontrealdefeatedtheCalgaryTigersof
theWesternCanadaHockeyLeague(WCHL)in1924towintheirfirstStanleyCupasamemberoftheNHL.[17]TheHamiltonTigers,whohad
relocatedfromQuebecin1920,wontheregularseasontitlein192425butrefusedtoplayinthechampionshipseriesunlesstheyweregivena
C$200bonus.[18]TheleaguerefusedanddeclaredtheCanadienstheleaguechampionaftertheydefeatedtheTorontoSt.Patricks(formerlythe
Arenas)inthesemifinal.MontrealwasthendefeatedbytheVictoriaCougarsforthe1925StanleyCup.ItwasthelasttimeanonNHLteamwonthe
trophy,[19]astheStanleyCupbecamethedefactoNHLchampionshipin1926aftertheWCHLceasedoperation.[20]
ExpansionintotheUnitedStatesandtheOriginalSix
TheNationalHockeyLeagueembarkedonrapidexpansioninthe1920s,addingtheMontrealMaroonsandBostonBruinsin1924.TheBruinswere
thefirstAmericanteamintheleague,[21]whiletheMaroonsplayedinthenewlycompletedMontrealForumthattheCanadiensmadefamousinlater
decades.[22]TheNewYorkAmericansbeganplayin1925afterpurchasingtheassetsoftheHamiltonTigers,andwerejoinedbythePittsburgh
Pirates.[23]TexRickard,ownerofMadisonSquareGarden,wassoimpressedwiththepopularityoftheAmericansthatheaddedtheNewYork
Rangersin1926.[24]TheChicagoBlackHawksandDetroitCougars(laterRedWings)werealsoaddedaftertheleaguepurchasedtheassetsofthe
defunctWCHL.[25]AgroupheadedbyConnSmythepurchasedtheTorontoSt.Patricksin1927,immediatelyrenamedthemtheMapleLeafs,and
builtMapleLeafGardensin1931.[26]
TheGreatDepressionandtheonsetofWorldWarIItookatollontheleague.ThePiratesbecamethePhiladelphiaQuakersin1930,thenfoldedone
yearlater.TheSenatorslikewisebecametheSt.LouisEaglesin1934,alsolastingonlyoneyear.[27]TheCanadienswerenearlysoldandrelocatedto
Cleveland,Ohioin1936beforeatriooflocalownerspurchasedtheteamandkepttheminMontreal.[28]TheMaroonsdidnotsurvive,however,as
theysuspendedoperationsin1938.[29]TheAmericansweresuspendedin1942duetoalackofplayers,andneverrevived.[30]Theleaguewasreduced
tosixteamsforthe194243NHLseason:theBostonBruins,ChicagoBlackHawks,DetroitRedWings,MontrealCanadiens,NewYorkRangers
andTorontoMapleLeafs.Thesesixteamsremainedconstantfor25years,aperiodknownastheOriginalSix.Theleaguethenreachedanagreement
withtheStanleyCuptrusteesin1947totakefullcontrolofthetrophy,allowingtheNHLtorejectchallengesfromotherleaguesthatmayhave
wishedtoplayfortheCup.[31]
ThefirstNHLAllStarGamewasheldin1934tobenefitAceBailey,whosecareerendedonavicioushitbyEddieShore.[32]Thesecondwasheldin
1937insupportofHowieMorenz'sfamilywhenhediedofacoronaryembolismafterbreakinghislegduringagame.HisteammateAurelJoliatsaid
thatMorenz"diedofabrokenheart"whenhelearnedhewouldneverplayhockeyagain.[33]Maurice"Rocket"Richardbecamethefirstplayerto
score50goals,doingsoina50gameseason.[34]Tenyearslaterhewassuspendedforthe1955StanleyCupplayoffsforpunchingalinesman,an
incidentthatledtotheRichardRiot.[35]HereturnedtoleadtheCanadienstofiveconsecutivetitlesbetween1956and1960,arecordnoteamhas
matched.[36]WillieO'Reebroketheleague'scolourbarrieronJanuary18,1958whenhemadehisdebutwiththeBostonBruinsandbecamethefirst
blackplayerinleaguehistory.[37]
PostOriginalSixexpansion
2/17
1/7/2015
Bythemid1960s,thedesireforanetworktelevisioncontractintheU.S.,andconcernsthattheWestern
HockeyLeaguewasplanningtodeclareitselfamajorleagueandchallengefortheStanleyCup,spurredthe
leaguetoundertakeitsfirstexpansionsincethe1920s.Theleaguedoubledinsizeforthe196768season,
addingtheLosAngelesKings,MinnesotaNorthStars,PhiladelphiaFlyers,PittsburghPenguins,California
SealsandSt.LouisBlues.[38]CanadianfanswereoutragedthatallsixteamswereplacedintheUnited
States,[39]andtheleaguerespondedbyaddingtheVancouverCanucksin1970alongwiththeBuffalo
Sabres,whoarelocatedontheU.S.Canadianborder.[40]Twoyearslater,theemergenceofthenewly
foundedWorldHockeyAssociation(WHA)ledtheleaguetoaddtheNewYorkIslandersandAtlanta
Flamestokeeptherivalleagueoutofthosemarkets.[41]In1974,theWashingtonCapitalsandKansasCity
Scoutswereadded,bringingtheleagueupto18teams.[42]
MontrealCanadiensin1942
TheNationalHockeyLeaguefoughttheWHAforplayers,losing67tothenewleagueinitsfirstseasonof197273,[43]includingBobbyHull,who
signedatenyear,$2.5millioncontractwiththeWinnipegJets,thelargestinhockeyhistoryatthetime.[44]Theleagueattemptedtoblockthe
defectionsincourt,butacountersuitbytheWHAledtoaPhiladelphiajudgerulingtheNHL'sreserveclausetobeillegal,thuseliminatingtheelder
league'smonopolyovertheplayers.[45]Sevenyearsofbattlingforplayersandmarketsfinanciallydamagedbothleagues,leadingtoa1979merger
agreementthatsawtheWHAceaseoperationswhiletheNHLabsorbedtheWinnipegJets,EdmontonOilers,HartfordWhalersandQuebec
Nordiques.[46]Theownersinitiallyrejectedthismergeragreementbyonevote,butamassiveboycottofMolsonBreweryproductsbyfansinCanada
causedtheMontrealCanadiens,whichwasownedbyMolson,toreverseitsposition,alongwiththeVancouverCanucks.Inasecondvotetheplan
wasapproved.[47]
WayneGretzkyplayedoneseasonintheWHAfortheIndianapolisRacers(eightgames)andtheEdmontonOilers(72games)beforetheOilers
joinedtheNationalHockeyLeagueforthe197980season.[48]GretzkywentontoleadtheOilerstofourStanleyCupchampionshipsin1984,1985,
1987and1988,andsetsingleseasonrecordsforgoals(92in198182),assists(163in198586)andpoints(215in198586),aswellascareer
recordsforgoals(894),assists(1,963)andpoints(2,857).[48]HewastradedtotheKingsin1988,adealthatdramaticallyimprovedtheleague's
popularityintheUnitedStates,andprovidedtheimpetusforthe1990sexpansioncyclesthatsawtheadditionofnineteams:theSanJoseSharks,
TampaBayLightning,OttawaSenators,MightyDucksofAnaheim,FloridaPanthers,NashvillePredators,AtlantaThrashers,andin2000the
MinnesotaWildandColumbusBlueJackets.[49]
Labourissues
Therehavebeenfourleaguewideworkstoppagesinleaguehistory,allhappeningsince1992.
ThefirstwasastrikebytheNationalHockeyLeaguePlayers'AssociationinApril1992whichlastedfortendays,butthestrikewassettledquickly
andallaffectedgameswererescheduled.[50]Alockoutatthestartofthe199495seasonforcedtheleaguetoreducetheschedulefrom84gamesto
just48,withtheteamsplayingonlyintraconferencegamesduringthereducedseason.[50]Theresultingcollectivebargainingagreement(CBA)was
setforrenegotiationin1998andextendedtoSeptember15,2004.[51]
WithnonewagreementinhandwhenthecontractexpiredonSeptember15,2004,leaguecommissionerGaryBettmanannouncedalockoutofthe
playersunionandclosedtheleague'sheadoffice.[51]Theleaguevowedtoinstallwhatitdubbed"costcertainty"foritsteams,butthePlayers'
Associationcounteredthatthemovewaslittlemorethanaeuphemismforasalarycap,whichtheunioninitiallysaiditwouldnotaccept.Thelockout
shutdowntheleaguefor310days,thelongestinsportshistory.TheNHLbecamethefirstprofessionalsportsleaguetoloseanentireseason.[51]A
newcollectivebargainingagreementwaseventuallyratifiedinJuly2005,includingasalarycap.Theagreementhadatermofsixyearswithan
optionofextendingthecollectivebargainingagreementforanadditionalyearattheendoftheterm,allowingtheleaguetoresumeasofthe200506
season.[51]
OnOctober5,2005,thefirstpostlockoutseasontooktotheicewith15games,andconsequentlyall30teams.Ofthose15games,11wereinfrontof
selloutcrowds.[52]TheNHLreceivedrecordattendanceinthe200506season:20,854,169fans,anaverageof16,955pergame,a1.2%increase
overthepreviousmarkheldinthe200102season.[53]Also,theMontrealCanadiens,CalgaryFlames,ColoradoAvalanche,MinnesotaWild,Tampa
BayLightning,andtheVancouverCanuckssoldoutalloftheirhomegames[53][54]allsixCanadianteamsplayedto98%capacityorbetteratevery
homegame.[53]24ofthe30clubsfinishedevenoraheadoftheir200304mark.ThePittsburghPenguinshadthehighestincreaseat33%,mainly
becauseof18yearoldfirstoveralldraftpickSidneyCrosby.[53][55]Afterlosingaseasontoalabourdisputein2005,attendancefiguresforleague
teamsreturnedtosolidgroundtheLeague'sTVaudiencewasslowertoreboundbecauseofAmericancablebroadcasterESPN'sdecisiontodropthe
sportfromitsschedule.[56]Theleague'spostlockoutagreementwithNBCgavetheleagueashareofrevenuefromeachgame'sadvertisingsales,
ratherthantheusuallumpsumpaidupfrontforgamerights.Theleague'sannualrevenueswereestimatedatapproximately$2.27billion.[56]
AtmidnightSeptember16,2012,thelabourpactexpired,andtheleagueagainlockedouttheplayers.[57]Theownersproposedreducingtheplayers'
shareofhockeyrelatedrevenuesfrom57percentto47percent.[58]AllgameswerecancelleduptoJanuary14,2013,aswellasthe2013NHLWinter
Classicandthe2013NHLAllStarWeekend.[59][60][61][62]AtentativeagreementwasreachedonJanuary6,2013,onatenyeardeal.[63]OnJanuary
12,theleagueandthePlayers'Associationsignedamemorandumofunderstandingonthenewdeal,allowingteamstobegintheirtrainingcampson
January13,withashortened48gameseasonschedulethatbeganonJanuary19.[64]
3/17
1/7/2015
Playersafetyissues
Playersafetyhasbecomeamajorissuewithinthepastfiveyearsandconcussions,whichresultfromahardhittothehead,havebeenthebiggest
cause.Withrecentstudiesshowinghowconcussionscanaffectretiredplayersandhowithasdecreasedtheirqualityoflifeafterretirement,
concussionshavebecomeaveryimportanttopicofdebatewhenitcomestoplayersafetyissues.Thishadsignificanteffectsontheleagueaselite
playerswerebeingtakenoutofthegame,suchasSidneyCrosbybeingsidelinedforapproximately10andahalfmonths,whichadverselyaffected
theleague'smarketability.[65]Asaresult,inDecember2009,BrendanShanahanwashiredtoreplaceColinCampbellandgiventheroleofSenior
VicePresidentofPlayerSafety.Shanahanbegantohandoutsuspensionsonhighprofileperpetratorsresponsiblefordangeroushits,suchasRaffi
Torresreceiving25gamesforhishitonMarianHossa.[66]
Toaidwithremovinghighspeedcollisionsonicing,whichhadledtoseveralpotentialcareerendinginjuriessuchasHurricanes'DefencemenJoni
Pitkanen,theleaguemandatedhybridnotouchicingforthe201314NHLseason.[67]
OnNovember25,2013,tenformerplayers,GaryLeeman,RickVaive,BradAitken,DarrenBanks,CurtBennett,RichieDunn,WarrenHolmes,Bob
Manno,BlairStewartandMorrisTitanicsuedtheleaguefornegligenceonprotectingplayersfromconcussions.Thesuitcamethreemonthsafterthe
NFLagreedtopayformerplayersUS$765millionduetoaplayersafetylawsuit.[68]
Organizationalstructure
TheBoardofGovernorsistherulingandgoverningbodyoftheleague.Inthiscontext,eachteamisamemberoftheleague,andeachmember
appointsaGovernor(usuallytheowneroftheclub),andtwoalternatestotheBoard.ThecurrentchairmanoftheBoardisBostonBruinsowner,
JeremyJacobs.TheBoardofGovernorsexiststoestablishthepoliciesoftheleague,andtoupholditsconstitution.Someoftheresponsibilitiesofthe
BoardofGovernorsinclude:[69]
reviewandapproveanyrulechangestothegame.
hiringandfiringofthecommissioner.
reviewandapprovethepurchase,sale,orrelocationofanymemberclub.
reviewandapprovethesalarycapsformemberclubs.
reviewandapproveanychangestothestructureofthegameschedule.
TheBoardofGovernorsmeetstwiceperyear,inthemonthsofJuneandDecember,withtheexactdateandplacetobefixedbytheCommissioner.
Executives
ThechiefexecutiveoftheleagueisCommissionerGaryBettman.Someoftheprincipaldecisionmakerswhoserveundertheauthorityofthe
commissionerinclude:
DeputyCommissioner&ChiefLegalOfficer:BillDaly
ExecutiveVP&CFO:CraigHarnett
ChiefOperatingOfficer:JohnCollins
ExecutiveVP&DirectorofHockeyOperations:ColinCampbell
NHLEnterprises:EdHorne
SeniorVicePresidentofPlayerSafety:StephaneQuintal
Teams
TheNationalHockeyLeagueoriginatedin1917withfourCanadianteams,whichaftera
tumultuousfirstquartercentury,foundstabilityintheOriginalSixeraspanning194267
withfourfranchisesintheUnitedStatesjoiningtwoCanadianclubs.Throughasequenceof
teamexpansions,reductions,andrelocationstheNHLcurrentlyconsistsof30teams,23of
whicharebasedintheUnitedStatesandseveninCanada.
Canucks
Oilers
Flames
TheMontrealCanadiensarethemostsuccessfulfranchiseintheleague.Sincetheformation
Sharks
Avalanche
oftheleaguein1917,theyhave25NHLchampionships(3between1917and1925when
theStanleyCupwasstillcontestedinaninterleaguecompetition,22since1926afterthe
Kings
Ducks
StanleyCupbecametheNHL'schampionshiptrophy).Theyalsoleadallteams,pastand
Coyotes
present,with24StanleyCupchampionships(1asanNHAteam,23asanNHLteam).Of
Stars
thefourmajorprofessionalsportsleaguesinNorthAmerica,theMontrealCanadiensare
surpassedinthenumberofchampionshipsonlybytheNewYorkYankeesofMajorLeague
Baseball,whohavethreemore.ThenextmostsuccessfulNHLfranchiseistheToronto
MapleLeafswith13StanleyCupchampionships,buttheyhavenotwononesince1967.
Jets
Canadiens
Senators
MapleLeafs
Bruins
RedWings Sabres Rangers
Blackhawks Penguins
Devils
Islanders
Flyers
BlueJackets Capitals
Blues
Wild
Predators
Hurricanes
Lightning
Panthers
TheDetroitRedWings,with11StanleyCupchampionships,arethemostsuccessfulAmericanfranchise.ThelongeststreakofwinningtheStanley
Cupinconsecutiveyearsisfive,heldbytheMontrealCanadiensfrom195556to195960theNewYorkIslanders(19801983)andtheMontreal
Canadiens(19761979)havefouryearchampionshipstreaks.[70]The1977editionoftheMontrealCanadiens,thesecondoffourstraightStanleyCup
champions,wasnamedbyESPNasthesecondgreatestsportsteamofalltime.[71]
4/17
1/7/2015
OfallthemajorleaguesinNorthAmerica,theNHListheonlyleaguetofieldteamsthatplayintwocountries'capitalcities,Ottawa,Ontarioand
Washington,D.C.
Thecurrent30teamNHLorganizationdividestheteamsintotwoconferences:theEasternConferenceandtheWesternConference.Eachconference
issplitintotwodivisions:theEasternConferencecontains16teams(eightperdivision),whiletheWesternConferencehas14teams(sevenper
division).Thecurrentorganizationhadrootsinthe199899seasonwhenaleaguerealignmentaddedtwodivisionstobringthetotalnumberof
divisionstosixtheformerteamalignmentbeganwiththe200001seasonwhentheMinnesotaWildandtheColumbusBlueJacketsjoinedthe
leagueasexpansionteams.
Sixteenoftheleague'sthirtyteams(theentireEasternConference)arelocatedintheEasternTimeZone.Ontheotherhand,theWesternConference
hassixteamsintheCentralTimeZone,and4eachintheMountainandPacificTimeZones.Upuntilthe201213season,theDetroitRedWingsand
ColumbusBlueJacketsweretheonlyEasternTimeteamsintheWesternConference,andWinnipegJetswastheonlynonEasternTimeteaminthe
EasternConference(atemporaryalignmentresultingfromthefranchise'smoveoutofAtlantain2011).
Realignment
TherelocationoftheformerAtlantaThrashersfranchisetobecomethecurrentWinnipegJetsin2011promptedtheleaguetodiscussrealignment.On
December5,2011,theBoardofGovernorsapprovedaconferencerealignmentplanthatwouldeliminatethecurrentsixdivisionsetupandmoveinto
afourconferencestructure.[72]Undertheplan,whichwasdesignedtobetteraccommodatetheeffectsoftimezonedifferences,eachteamwouldhave
played36or38intraconferencegames,dependingonwhetheritisinasevenoreightteamconference,andtwogames(homeandroad)against
eachnonconferenceteam.OnJanuary6,2012,theleagueannouncedthattheNHLPlayer'sAssociationhadrejectedtheproposedrealignment,citing
concernsaboutfairness,travelandtheinabilitytoseeadraftschedulebeforeapproving,andthatasaresult,itwouldnotimplementtherealignment
untilatleast201314.[73][74]
UponNHLPArejectionofthepreviousrealignment,anewjointNHLNHLPAplanwasproposedinFebruary2013asamodificationoftheprevious
planwithboththeColumbusBlueJacketsandDetroitRedWingsmovingtotheEastandtheWinnipegJetsmovingtotheWest.Thisrevisedplan
alsoadjustedthepreviouslyproposedfourconferencesystemtoafourdivision,twoconferencesystem,withtheEasternConferenceconsistingof
twoeightteamdivisions,andtheWesternConferenceconsistingoftwoseventeamdivisions.Anewplayoffformatwasalsointroducedto
accommodatethenewproposal,withthetopthreeteamsineachdivisionmakingtheplayoffsalongwithtwowildcardsineachconference(fora
totalof16playoffteams).[75]
TheNHLPAofficiallygaveitsconsenttotheNHL'sproposedrealignmentplanonMarch7,[76]andthentheNHL'sBoardofGovernorsapprovedthe
realignmentandthenewplayoffformatonMarch14,tobeimplementedpriortothe201314season.[77]Theleaguethenannouncedthenamesofthe
divisionsonJuly19:thetwoeightteamdivisionsintheEasternConferencearetheAtlanticDivisionandtheMetropolitanDivision,andthetwo
seventeamdivisionsintheWesternConferencearetheCentralDivisionandthePacificDivision.[78]
Listofteams
Notes
1. Anasterisk(*)denotesafranchisemove.Seetherespectiveteamarticlesformoreinformation.
2. TheEdmontonOilers,HartfordWhalers,QuebecNordiques,andoriginalWinnipegJetsalljoinedtheNHLin1979aspartoftheNHLWHAmerger.
Defunctandrelocatedteams
NineteenNHLteamshaveeitherfoldedorrelocated.ThefirstteamtodisbandwastheMontrealWanderersin1918,followingthedestructionoftheir
arenabyfirejustfourgamesintotheseason.Theblazedestroyedalltheteam'sequipment,andasaconsequencetheplayersweredispersedamong
thethreeremainingteams.[79]ThefirstteamtorelocatewastheQuebecAthleticClub,whorelocatedtoHamilton,Ontarioin1920tobecomethe
HamiltonTigers.NHLpresidentFrankCalderstrippedthefranchisefromownerMikeQuinnandsoldittoaHamiltonbasedcompany.[80]Three
franchisessuccumbedtotheeconomicpressuresoftheGreatDepression:thePhiladelphiaQuakers,St.LouisEagles,andMontrealMaroons.The
BrooklynAmericanswerethelastteamtofoldintheNHL.Intheearly1940s,thefranchisewasstrugglingfinancially,andwassuspendedpriorto
the194243seasonduetoalackofplayersduringWorldWarII.Thefranchiseformallyceasedoperationsin1946,[81]andtheirdemisebegana
periodintheleague'shistoryknownasthe"OriginalSix"thatwouldlastforthenexttwentyoneseasons.
The1967NHLexpansionaddedsixteams,butoneofthoseteams,theCaliforniaGoldenSeals,movedtoCleveland,becomingtheClevelandBarons,
beforemergingwiththeMinnesotaNorthStarsin1978whenbothclubswereonthevergeoffolding.KansasCityrelocatedtoDenverafteronly2
years,becomingtheColoradoRockies,whosubsequentlymovedtoNewJersey(Devils)in1982.Withsixmoreexpansionteamsinthe1970s,and
the1979NHLWHAmerger,theleaguehad21teamsattheendofthedecade.Threeofthefourteamsfromthemergerhavesincerelocatedtoother
cities:theQuebecNordiques,theoriginalWinnipegJets,andtheHartfordWhalers.[82]TheQuebecNordiquesmovedtoDenverbecomingthe
ColoradoAvalanchein1995,theWinnipegJetsmovedtoPhoenixbecomingtheCoyotesin1996,andtheHartfordWhalersmovedtoGreensboro,
NorthCarolina,becomingtheCarolinaHurricanesin1997.TheAtlantaFlamesmovedtoCalgaryin1980.[83]
Duringthe2011playoffs,theAtlantaThrashersfranchisewasacquiredbyTrueNorthSportsandEntertainment,whomovedtheteamtoWinnipeg
for201112,givingtheteamtherevivednameWinnipegJets.[84]
5/17
1/7/2015
Game
NHLlogo,used1946/47
2004/05
EachNationalHockeyLeagueregulationgameisplayedbetweentwoteamsandis60minuteslong.Thegameis
composedofthree20minuteperiodswithanintermissionofeither15or17minutes(ifnationallytelevised)
betweenperiods.[85]Televisiontimeoutsaretakenatthefirststoppageofplayafter6,10,and14minutesofelapsed
timeofeachofthethreeregulationperiods,unlessapowerplayisinsessionatthetimeorthefirststoppageisthe
resultofagoalscored.Inthesecases,thetimeoutwilloccuratthefirststoppageafterthepenaltyexpiresorthenext
stoppageafterthegoal,respectively.Arulethatwasintroducedinthe200708seasonwasthatifthefirststoppageof
playaftersaidtimeperiodsisanicingcall,theTVtimeoutwillnotoccur.Thisrulewasaddedshortlyaftertheleague
institutedarulethatdisallowstheteamwhoicesthepucktosubstitutetheirplayersontheiceatthetimeoftheicing.
TherulewasaddedsothataTVtimeoutwouldnotcompromisetheinabilitytobesubstituted.Attheendofthe60
minuteregulationtime,theteamwiththemostgoalswinsthegame.Ifagameistiedafterregulationtime,overtime
ensues.Duringtheregularseason,overtimeisafiveminute,fourplayeronfourplayersuddendeathperiod,inwhich
thefirstteamtoscoreagoalwinsthegame.
Beginninginthe200506season,ifthegameisstilltiedattheendof
overtime,thegameentersashootout.Threeplayersforeachteaminturntakeapenaltyshot.Theteamwith
themostgoalsduringthethreeroundshootoutwinsthegame.Ifthegameisstilltiedafterthethreeshootout
rounds,theshootoutcontinuesbutbecomessuddendeath.Whicheverteamultimatelywinstheshootoutis
awardedagoalinthegamescoreandthusawardedtwopointsinthestandings.Thelosingteaminovertimeor
shootoutisawardedonlyone.[86]Shootoutgoalsandsavesarenottrackedinhockeystatisticsshootout
statisticsaretrackedseparately.
TherearenoshootoutsduringthePlayoffs.Instead,multiplesuddendeath,20minutefiveonfiveperiodsare
playeduntiloneteamscores.Whileintheoryagamecouldcontinueindefinitely,onlyfourgameshave
reachedfiveovertimeperiods,twoofthosehavereachedsix,andnonehavegonebeyondsix.[87]Thereareno
televisiontimeoutsduringplayoffovertimeperiodstheonlybreakistocleanthelooseiceatthefirst
stoppageaftertheperiodishalfwayfinished.[88]
LosAngelesKings'MikeWeaver
battlingforthepuckagainstCalgary
Flames'DaymondLangkow,
December21,2005.
Hockeyrink
NationalHockeyLeaguegamesareplayedonarectangularhockeyrinkwithroundedcornerssurroundedby
wallsandPlexiglas.Itmeasures200feet(60.96m)by85feet(25.91m)intheNHL,[89]approximatelythesame
lengthbutmuchnarrowerthanInternationalIceHockeyFederationstandards.Thecentrelinedividestheicein
half,[90]andisusedtojudgeicingviolations.Therearetwobluelinesthatdividetherinkroughlyintothirds,
delineatingoneneutralandtwoattackingzones.[90]Neartheendofbothendsoftherink,thereisathinredgoal
linespanningthewidthoftheice,whichisusedtojudgegoalsandicingcalls.
Startinginthe20052006season,aftertestingintheAmericanHockeyLeague,atrapezoidalareabehindeach
goalnethasbeenintroduced.[91]Thegoaltendercanplaythepuckonlywithinthetrapezoidorinfrontofthegoal
lineifthegoaltenderplaysthepuckbehindthegoallineandoutsidethetrapezoidalarea,atwominuteminor
penaltyfordelayofgameisassessedbythereferees.[92]Theruleisunofficiallynicknamedthe"MartinBrodeur
rule".[93][94][95][96]
Sincethe20132014season,theleaguetrimmedthegoalframesby4inches(10cm)oneachsideandreduced
thesizeofthegoalies'legpads.[97]
Rules
DiagramofanNHLhockeyrink:
1.penaltyboxes
2.teambenches
3.scorekeepers'area.
TheNationalHockeyLeague'srulesareoneofthetwostandardsetsofprofessionalicehockeyrulesintheworld.
TherulesthemselveshaveevolveddirectlyfromthefirstorganizedindooricehockeygameinMontrealin1875,
updatedbysubsequentleaguesupto1917,whentheNHLadoptedtheexistingNHAsetofrules.TheNHL's
rulesarethebasisforrulesgoverningmostprofessionalandmajorjunioricehockeyleaguesinNorthAmerica.
Infractionsoftherules,suchasoffsideandicing,leadtoastoppageofplayandsubsequentfaceoffs,whilemoreseriousinfractionsleadingto
penaltiestotheoffendingteams.Theleaguealsodeterminesthespecificationsforplayingequipmentusedinitsgames.
Theleaguehasregularlymodifieditsrulestocounterperceivedimperfectionsinthegame.ThepenaltyshotwasadoptedfromthePacificCoast
HockeyAssociationtoensureplayerswerenotbeingblockedfromopportunitiestoscore.Forthe200506season,theleaguechangedsomeofthe
rulesregardingbeingoffside.First,theleagueremovedthe"offsidepass"or"twolinepass"rule,whichrequiredastoppageinplayifapass
originatingfrominsideateam'sdefendingzonewascompletedontheoffensivesideofthecentreline,unlessthepuckcrossedthelinebeforethe
player.[98]Furthermore,theleaguereinstatedthe"tagupoffside"whichallowsanattackingplayerachancetogetbackonsidebyreturningtothe
neutralzone.[98]Thechangestotheoffsiderulewereamongseveralrulechangesintendedtoincreaseoverallscoring,[98]whichhadbeenindecline
6/17
1/7/2015
sincetheexpansionyearsofthemidninetiesandtheincreasedprevalenceoftheneutralzonetrap.Since2005,whenateamisguiltyoficingthe
pucktheyarenotallowedtomakealinechangeorskatersubstitutionofanysortbeforethefollowingfaceoff(excepttoreplaceaninjuredplayeror
reinstallapulledgoaltender).[99]Since2013,theleaguehasusedhybridicing,wherealinesmanstopsplayduetoicingifadefendingplayer(other
thanthegoaltender)crossestheimaginarylinethatconnectsthetwofaceoffdotsintheirdefensivezonebeforeanattackingplayerisableto.This
wasdonetocounteratrendofplayerinjuryinracestothepuck.[99]
Theleague'srulesdifferfromtherulesoftheInternationalIceHockeyFederation(IIHF),asusedintournamentssuchastheOlympics,whichwere
themselvesderivedfromtheCanadianamateuricehockeyrulesoftheearly20thcentury.[100]IntheNHL,fightingleadstomajorpenaltieswhile
IIHFrules,andmostamateurrules,callfortheejectionoffightingplayers.[101][102]Usuallyapenalizedteamcannotreplaceaplayerthatispenalized
ontheiceandisthusshorthandedforthedurationofthepenalty,[103]butifthepenaltiesarecoincidental,forexamplewhentwoplayersfight,both
teamsremainatfullstrength.Also,unlikeminorpenalties,majorpenaltiesmustbeservedtotheirfullcompletion,regardlessofnumberofgoals
scoredduringthepowerplay.[103]TheNHLandIIHFdifferalsoinplayingrules,suchasicing,theareasofplayforgoaltenders,helmetrules,
officiatingrules,timeoutsandplayreviews.
Theleaguealsoimposesaconductpolicyonitsplayers.Playersarebannedfromgamblingandcriminalactivitieshaveledtothesuspensionof
players.TheleagueandthePlayers'Associationagreedtoastringentantidopingpolicyinthe2005bargainingagreement.Thepolicyprovidesfora
twentygamesuspensionforafirstpositivetest,asixtygamesuspensionforasecondpositivetest,andalifetimesuspensionforathirdpositive
test.[104]
Seasonstructure
TheNationalHockeyLeagueseasonisdividedintoanexhibitionseason(September),aregularseason(fromthefirstweekinOctoberthroughearly
tomidApril)andapostseason(theStanleyCupplayoffs).Duringtheexhibitionseason,teamsmayplayotherteamsfromtheleague.Theyalsooften
competeagainstEuropeanclubs,suchasclubsfromtheRussianKontinentalHockeyLeague(KHL).Duringtheregularseason,clubsplayeachother
inapredefinedschedule.TheStanleyCupplayoffs,whichgofromApriltothebeginningofJune,isaneliminationtournamentwheretwoteamsplay
againsteachothertowinabestofsevenseriesinordertoadvancetothenextround.ThefinalremainingteamiscrownedtheStanleyCupchampion.
Since2007,theNHLregularseasonhasbeguninEuropewhileteamsnotinvolvedcompletetheirpreseasonexhibitionschedule.
Intheregularseason,eachteamplays82games:41gameseachofhomeandroad.Easternteamsplay30gamesinitsowngeographicdivision
fourorfiveagainsteachoneoftheirsevenotherdivisionalopponentsand24gamesagainsttheeightremainingnondivisionalintraconference
opponentsthreegamesagainsteveryteamintheotherdivisionofitsconference.Westernteamsplay28or29gamesinitsowngeographic
divisionfourorfiveagainsteachoneoftheirsixotherdivisionalopponentsand21or22gamesagainstthesevenremainingnondivisionalintra
conferenceopponentsthreegamesagainsteveryteamintheotherdivisionofitsconference,withonecrossdivisionintraconferencematchup
occurringinfourgames(oneteamfromeachdivisionplaysonly28intradivisiongamesinagivenseason,androtateseveryseason).Allteamsplay
everyteamintheotherconferencetwicehomeandroad.Forthreeseasonsbetween2005and2008,teamsplayed32gameswithintheirdivision
eightgamesagainsteachteaminthedivisionand10interconferencegamesonegameagainsteachteamintwoofthethreedivisionsinthe
oppositeconference.[105]Thetwodivisionsfacedfromtheoppositeconferencewererotatedeveryyear,muchlikeinterleagueplayinMajorLeague
Baseball.Aswiththeformersystem,eachteamplayedfourgamesagainsteachoneoftheothertenteamsinitsconferenceoutsideofitsdivision.
Theleague'sregularseasonstandingsarebasedonapointsysteminsteadofwinningpercentages.Pointsareawardedforeachgame,wheretwo
pointsareawardedforawin,onepointforlosinginovertimeorashootout,andzeropointsforalossinregulation.Attheendoftheregularseason,
theteamthatfinisheswiththemostpointsineachdivisioniscrownedthedivisionchampion.Theleague'soverallleaderisawardedthePresidents'
Trophy.
Since2014thetopthreeteamsineachdivisionplusthetwowildcardteamsintheconferencewiththenexthighestnumberofpoints,foratotalof
eightteamsineachconference,qualifyfortheplayoffs.Thedivisionwinnerwiththebestrecordintheconferenceplaysthelowestseededwildcard
teamandtheotherdivisionwinnerplaysthehighestseededwildcard(wildcardteamsmaycrossovertoanotherdivisionwithintheconference),
andthenexttwoteamswiththenextbestrecordsineachdivisionareseeded2ndand3rd.[106]TheStanleyCupplayoffsisaneliminationtournament,
wheretheteamsaregroupedinpairstoplaybestofsevenseries,thewinnersmovingontothenextround.Thefirstroundoftheplayoffs,or
conferencequarterfinals,consistsofthefirstseedplayingthefourthseed,andthesecondplayingthethird,divisionwise.[106]Inthesecondround,or
conferencesemifinals,thefourremainingteamsintheconferenceplayeachother.Inthethirdround,theconferencefinals,thetworemainingteams
playeachother,withtheconferencechampionsproceedingtotheStanleyCupFinal.
Inallroundsthehigherrankedteamisawardedhomeiceadvantage.Fourofthesevengamesareplayedatthisteam'shomevenuethefirstand
second,and,whennecessary,thefifthandseventhgameswiththeothergamesplayedatthelowerrankedteam'shomevenue.IntheStanleyCup
Final,theteamwiththemostpoints(orincaseofatie,mostwins)duringtheregularseasonisgivenhomeiceadvantage,regardlessofwhereeach
teamranksintheirownconference.
EntryDraft
TheannualNHLEntryDraftconsistsofasevenroundoffseasondraftheldinlateJune.Amateurplayersfromjunior,collegiate,orEuropean
leaguesareeligibletoentertheEntryDraft.Theselectionorderisdeterminedbyacombinationofthestandingsattheendoftheregularseason,
playoffresults,andadraftlottery.The14teamsthatdidnotqualifyfortheplayoffsareenteredinaweightedlotterytodeterminetheinitialdraft
picksinthefirstround,withthe30thplaceteamhavingthebestchanceofwinningthelottery.Oncethelotterydeterminestheinitialdraftpicks,the
7/17
1/7/2015
orderfortheremainingnonplayoffteamsisdeterminedbythestandingsattheendoftheregularseason.Forthoseteamsthatdidqualifyforthe
playoffs,thedraftorderisthendeterminedbytheorderinwhichtheywereeliminated,withtheStanleyCupwinnergettingthe30thandlastpick,
andtherunnerupisgiventhe29thpick.
Trophiesandawards
TheNationalHockeyLeaguepresentsanumberoftrophies
eachyear.ThemostprestigiousteamawardistheStanley
Cup,whichisawardedtotheleaguechampionattheendof
theStanleyCupplayoffs.Theteamthathasthemostpoints
intheregularseasonisawardedthePresidents'Trophy.
Therearealsonumeroustrophiesthatareawardedto
playersbasedontheirstatisticsduringtheregularseason
theyinclude,amongothers,theArtRossTrophyforthe
leaguescoringchampion(goalsandassists),theMaurice
"Rocket"RichardTrophyforthegoalscoringleader,and
theWilliamM.JenningsTrophyforthegoaltender(s)for
theteamwiththefewestgoalsagainstthem.
TheotherplayertrophiesarevotedonbytheProfessional
HockeyWriters'Associationortheteamgeneral
managers.[107]Theseindividualawardsarepresentedata
formalceremonyheldinlateJuneaftertheplayoffshave
concluded.Themostprestigiousindividualawardisthe
HartMemorialTrophywhichisawardedannuallytothe
MostValuablePlayerthevotingisconductedbymembersoftheProfessionalHockey
WritersAssociationtojudgetheplayerwhoisthemostvaluabletohisteamduringthe
regularseason.TheVezinaTrophyisawardedannuallytothepersondeemedthebest
goaltenderasvotedonbythegeneralmanagersoftheteamsintheNHL.TheJamesNorris
MemorialTrophyisawardedannuallytotheNationalHockeyLeague'stopdefenceman,the
CalderMemorialTrophyisawardedannuallytothetoprookie,andtheLadyByng
MemorialTrophyisawardedtotheplayerdeemedtocombinethehighestdegreeofskill
andsportsmanshipallthreeoftheseawardsarevotedonbymembersoftheProfessional
HockeyWritersAssociation.
TheStanleyCup,ondisplay
attheHockeyHallofFame,
isawardedannuallytothe
leaguechampion.
TotalStanleyCupchampionships
Defunctteamsnotincluded.
Team
Titles
MontrealCanadiens
24*
TorontoMapleLeafs
13
DetroitRedWings
11
BostonBruins
ChicagoBlackhawks
EdmontonOilers
NewYorkIslanders
NewYorkRangers
NewJerseyDevils
PittsburghPenguins
ColoradoAvalanche
LosAngelesKings
PhiladelphiaFlyers
AnaheimDucks
CalgaryFlames
CarolinaHurricanes
DallasStars
TampaBayLightning
*IncludingonechampionshipbeforetheformationoftheNHL.
Inadditiontotheregularseasonawards,theConnSmytheTrophyisawardedannuallyto
themostvaluableplayerduringtheNHL'sStanleyCupplayoffs.Furthermore,thetopcoach
intheleaguewinstheJackAdamsAwardasselectedbyapolloftheNationalHockeyLeagueBroadcastersAssociation.TheNationalHockey
Leaguepublishesthenamesofthetopthreevotegettersforallawards,andthennamestheawardwinnerduringtheNHLAwardsCeremony.[107]
OneinterestingaspectforthetrophiesintheNHListhatthesametrophyisreusedeveryyearforeachofits
awards.TheStanleyCup,muchlikeitsCFLcounterpart,isuniqueinthisaspect,asopposedtotheVince
LombardiTrophy,LarryO'BrienTrophy,andCommissioner'sTrophy,whichhavenewonesmadeeveryyear
forthatyear'schampion.Despiteonlyonetrophybeingused,thenamesoftheteamswinningandtheplayers
areengravedeveryyearontheStanleyCup.Thesamecanalsobesaidfortheothertrophiesreissuedevery
year.
Players,coaches,officials,andteambuilderswhohavehadnotablecareersareeligibletobevotedintothe
HockeyHallofFame.Playerscannotenteruntilthreeyearshavepassedsincetheirlastprofessionalgame,the
TheHockeyHallofFamein
shortestsuchtimeperiodofanymajorsport.OneuniqueconsequencehasbeenHallofFamemembers
DowntownToronto
(specifically,GordieHowe,GuyLafleur,andMarioLemieux)comingoutofretirementtoplayonce
more.[108]Ifaplayerwasdeemedsignificantenough,thethreeyearwaitwouldbewaivedonlyten
individualshavebeenhonouredinthismanner.[109]In1999,WayneGretzkyjoinedtheHallandbecamethelastplayertohavethethreeyear
restrictionwaived.[109]Afterhisinduction,theHallofFameannouncedthatGretzkywouldbethelasttohavethewaitingperiodwaived.
Currentseasonleaders
Thetopfivepointscorersinthe201415seasonwereJamieBenn(87),JohnTavares(86),SidneyCrosby(84),AlexOvechkinandJakubVoracek
(81each).ThetopgoalscorerswereOvechkin(53),StevenStamkos(43),RickNash(42),Tavares(38),MaxPacioretty,JoePavelski,TylerSeguin
andVladimirTarasenko(37each).ThetopfivescoringdefencemenwereErikKarlsson(66),BrentBurnsandP.K.Subban(60each),Dennis
Wideman(56),JohnCarlsonandRomanJosi(55each).Thetopgoaltenders(bywins)wereCareyPrice(44),BradenHoltbyandPekkaRinne(41
each),BenBishop(40),andJaroslavHalak(38).
Originofplayers
8/17
1/7/2015
WayneGretzkyinaNew
YorkRangersuniformin
1997
InadditiontoCanadianandAmericanbornandtrainedplayers,whohavehistoricallycomposedalargemajorityof
NHLrosters,theNHLalsodrawsplayersfromanexpandingpoolofothernationswhereorganizedandprofessional
hockeyisplayed.AsteadystreamofEuropeanplayersbeganenteringtheleagueinthe1970s,continuingintothe
1980s.MostofthefirstwaveofEuropeanscamefromSwedenandFinland,withasmallnumberofdefectorsfromthe
SovietBloc.SincethecollapseoftheSovietBloc,political/ideologicalrestrictionsonthemovementofhockey
playersfromthisregionhavedisappeared,leadingtoalargeinfluxofplayersmostlyfromCzechRepublic,Slovakia
andRussiaintotheNHL.Swedes,Finns,andotherWesternEuropeans,whowerealwaysfreetomovetoNorth
America,cametotheleagueingreaternumbersthanbefore.Manyoftheleague'stopplayerstodaycomefromthese
Europeancountries,including:DanielAlfredsson,ErikKarlsson,HenrikSedin,DanielSedin,HenrikLundqvist,
JaromirJagr,PatrikElias,ZdenoChara,PavelDatsyuk,EvgeniMalkin,andAlexanderOvechkin.[110]European
playersweredraftedandsignedbyNHLteamsinanefforttobringinmore"skilledoffensiveplayers",[111]although
recentlytherehasbeenadeclineinEuropeanplayersasmoreAmericanplayersentertheleague.[112]Theadditionof
EuropeanplayerschangedthestyleofplayintheNHLandEuropeanstylehockeyhasbeenintegratedintotheNHL
game.[110]ConverselyCanadiancoachesandtheCanadianstyleofplayhavebeenembracedbymanyEuropean
countries.BecauseofthecontinuedsuccessofCanadianteamsinworldtournamentsmanyothercountriesaretrying
tomodeltheirdevelopmentprogramsafterHockeyCanada's.[113]
Since1998,theleaguehasvoluntarilysuspendeditsallstargameandexpandedthetraditionalallstarbreakduringWinterOlympicyearstoallow
NHLplayersanopportunitytorepresenttheirrespectivecountries.The2010WinterOlympicswereheldinVancouver,anNHLcity.Conversely,the
IIHFWorldChampionshipsareheldatthesametimeastheStanleyCupPlayoffs.Thus,NHLplayersgenerallyonlyjointheirrespectivecountry's
teamintheWorldChampionshipsiftheirrespectiveNHLteamhasbeeneliminatedfromStanleyCupcontention,ordidnotmaketheplayoffsthat
year.
TheNHLhasplayersfrom18differentcountries,withthemajority(52.0percentduringthe200708NHLseason)comingfromCanada.[114]The
followingtableshowstheoriginsofeveryplayer(skatersandgoaltenders)whoplayedanNHLregularseasongameinthegivenyear.Thetable
followstheHockeyHallofFameconventionofclassifyingplayersbythecurrentlyexistingcountriesinwhichtheirbirthplacesarelocated,without
regardtotheircitizenshiporwheretheyweretrained.
9/17
1/7/2015
Players
Country
[115][116]
Players
%
(0203)
Austria
[117][118]
Players
%
(0304)
0.1
[119][120]
Players
%
(0506)
0.3
[121][122]
Players
%
(0607)
0.3
[123][124]
Players
%
(0708)
0.2
[125][126]
Players
%
(0809)
0.2
Bahamas
[127][128]
Players
%
(0910)
[129][130]
(1011)
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
Belarus
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
Brazil
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
Brunei
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Canada
488
49.8
548
54.3
517
53.8
495
52.7
489
52.0
509
52.3
520
53.9
521
53.3
0.1
59
6.3
57
5.9
48
5.0
42
4.3
Croatia
Czech
Republic
73
7.4
74
7.3
65
6.8
65
6.9
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.6
Finland
38
3.9
38
3.8
39
4.1
42
4.5
40
4.3
42
4.3
39
4.0
30
3.1
France
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Germany
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.9
10
1.0
0.9
0.1
0.1
1
0.1
0.1
Denmark
Indonesia
Italy
0.1
0.1
Kazakhstan
Japan
2
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
Latvia
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.4
Lithuania
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Norway
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
Poland
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Russia
57
5.8
57
5.6
40
4.2
35
3.7
30
3.2
32
3.3
33
3.4
32
3.3
Slovakia
35
3.6
37
3.7
31
3.2
25
2.7
23
2.4
18
1.8
18
1.9
14
1.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
Slovenia
South
Africa
0.1
0.1
0.1
SouthKorea
Sweden
58
0.1
5.9
52
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
5.1
45
4.7
49
5.2
52
5.5
53
5.4
52
Switzerland
0.2
5.4
63
6.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.3
Ukraine
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.2
United
Kingdom
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
United
States
140
14.3
160
15.8
177
18.4
182
19.3
203
21.6
216
22.2
207
21.5
234
23.9
Total
980
100.0
1010
100.0
961
100.0
942
100.0
941
100.0
974
100.0
965
100.0
978
100.0
Televisionandradio
Canada
BroadcastingrightsinCanadahavehistoricallyincludedtheCBC'sHockeyNightinCanada(HNIC),alongstandingCanadiantraditiondatingto
1952,[131][132]andevenpriortothatonradiosincethe1920s.OtherpreviousCanadianbroadcastershaveincludedCTV,Global,TSN,Sportsnetand
FrenchlanguagebroadcastsonSRC,RDSandTVASports.
ThecurrentnationaltelevisionanddigitalrightsholderisRogersCommunications,undera12yeardealvaluedatC$5.2billionwhichbeganinthe
201415season,andreplacedbothCBCandBellMediaasthenationalbroadcastandcabletelevisionrightsholdersrespectively.NationalEnglish
languagecoverageoftheNHLiscarriedprimarilybyRogers'SportsnetgroupofspecialtychannelsSportsnetholdsanexclusivewindowforgames
playedonWednesdaynights.HockeyNightinCanadawasmaintainedandexpandedunderthedeal,airinguptosevengamesnationallyonSaturday
nightsthroughouttheregularseasonacrossCBC,theSportsnetnetworks,RogersownedtelevisionnetworkCity,andFXCanada.WhileCBC
maintainsRogersproducedNHLcoverageduringtheregularseasonandplayoffsthroughatimebrokerageagreementwiththecompany,Rogers
assumeseditorialcontrolandtheownershipofanyadvertisingrevenuefromthetelecasts.[133]CityalsoairsaSundaynightgameoftheweek,Rogers
HometownHockey,whichfeaturesapregameshoworiginatingfromvariousCanadiancommunities.Sportsnet'snetworksalsoairoccasionalgames
involvingallU.S.matchups.[134][135][136][137][138][139]
UnderasublicensingagreementwithRogers,QuebecorMediaholdsnationalFrenchlanguagerightstotheNHL,withallcoverageairingonits
specialtychannelTVASports.TVASports'flagshipbroadcastsonSaturdaynightsfocusprimarilyontheMontrealCanadiens.[140][141]
GamesthatarenotbroadcastaspartofthenationalrightsdealarebroadcastregionallybySportsnet'sregionalnetworks,TSN,andRDSSportsnet
holdsregionalrightstotheMontrealCanadiens(Englishonly),TorontoMapleLeafs(splitwithTSN),CalgaryFlames,EdmontonOilers,and
VancouverCanucks,whileTSNholdsrightstotheOttawaSenators,WinnipegJets,andTorontoMapleLeafs(splitwithSportsnet).RDSholds
10/17
1/7/2015
regionalFrenchlanguagerightstotheCanadiensandSenators.Regionalgamesaresubjecttoblackoutforviewers
outsideofeachteam'sdesignatedmarket.[142]
UnitedStates
Historically,theNHLhasneverfaredwellonAmericantelevisionincomparisontotheotherAmericanprofessional
leagues.Theleague'sAmericanbroadcastpartnershavebeeninfluxfordecades,rangingfromsuchnetworksas
CBS,SportsChannelAmerica,theUSANetwork,Fox,ABC,andESPN.
NationalU.S.televisionrightsarecurrentlyheldbyNBCUniversalitscurrent10year,US$2billioncontract,which
beganinthe201112season,extendedandunifiedrightsdealsthatwerefirstestablishedinthe200506season,
whenComcastacquiredcablerightstotheleagueforOutdoorLifeNetwork(laterknownasVersus),andNBC
Sportsacquiredbroadcasttelevisionrightstotheleagueunderarevenuesharingagreement.[143]InJanuary2011,
ComcastacquiredNBC'sparentcompanyNBCUniversal,andlaternegotiatedanew10yeardealwiththeNHL,
worthnearlyUS$2billion.ComcastalsoannouncedtherebrandingofVersusastheNBCSportsNetwork
(NBCSN).[144]Underthiscontract,NBCSNusuallyairsatleasttworegularseasongamesperweek,whileNBCairs
afternoongamesonselectedweekends.NBCUniversalholdsexclusiverightstoWednesdaynightgames,allgames
televisedbytheNBCnetwork,andeverygameintheStanleyCupPlayoffsbeginninginthesecondround.Coverage
oftheplayoffsandtheFinalsissplitbetweenthetwonetworks,withothergamesshownonCNBC,USANetwork,
andNHLNetwork.
AsinCanada,gamesnotbroadcastnationallyareairedregionallywithinateam'shomemarket,andaresubjectto
blackoutoutsideofthem.ThesebroadcastersincluderegionalsportsnetworkchainssuchasComcastSportsNet,Fox
SportsNetworks,MSGNetwork,andRootSports.CertainnationaltelecastsonNBCSN,suchascertainregular
seasongamesandfirstroundplayoffgames,arenonexclusive,andmayalsoairintandemwithtelecastsofthe
gamebylocalbroadcasters.However,nationaltelecastsofthesegamesareblackedoutintheparticipatingteams'
marketstoprotectthelocalbroadcaster.
DonCherry,"Coach'sCorner"
commentatoronHockeyNight
inCanadaonCBC
XMSatelliteRadioistheofficialsatelliteradiobroadcasteroftheNHL,asofJuly1,2007.[145]BetweenSeptember
2005andJune2007,theNHL'sbroadcastingrightsweresharedwithbothXMandSiriusSatelliteRadioandwere
broadcastonjustSiriusbeforetheNHLlockout.XMusedtobroadcastmorethan80%ofNHLgames,includingall
theplayoffsandfinals.Startingwiththe200708season,XMbroadcastseverygame.
TheleagueusedtooperateanNHLRadionetwork,throughWestwoodOne,thatcarriedhighprofilecontestssuch
astheStanleyCupFinalstostationsacrosstheUnitedStates.Asof2015,theleaguedidnothavenationalradio
broadcasts,relyingonlyonlocalbroadcastteams.[146]
NHLNetwork
TheleaguecoownstheNHLNetwork,atelevisionspecialtychanneldevotedtotheNHL.Therearetwoversions,
oneforCanadianviewersandaseparateoneforthoseintheUnitedStates.TheNHLNetworkisajointventurewith
othermediacompanies.CTVSpecialtyTelevisionandInsightSportsarebothminorityownersoftheCanadian
version,whileNBCUniversalisaminorityowneroftheAmericanversion.
Mike"Doc"Emrick,NBC
Sportsleadhockeyplayby
playannouncer
TheNHLNetwork'ssignatureshowisNHLTonight(formerlyNHLontheFly),whichcoversNHLnews,highlights,interviews,andanalysis.The
NHLNetworkalsoairslivegames,withtheCanadianversionprimarilyfocusingonthosefeaturingCanadianteamsandtheAmericanversion
focusingonAmericanteams.Theseareusuallysimulcastsofoneoftheteam'sregionalbroadcaster.TheAmericanNHLNetworkmayalsosimulcast
aCBCgametelevisednationallyinCanada,andtheCanadianNHLnetworkmayalsosimulcastanNBCgametelevisednationallyintheU.S.
Outofmarketsportspackages
TheNHLoperatestwosubscriptionbasedservicesallowingaccesstolive,outofmarketgamesNHLCentreIceinCanada[147]andNHLCenterIce
intheUnitedStates[148]offeraccesstooutofmarketfeedsofgamesthroughacableorsatellitetelevisionprovider.
TheleaguealsooffersNHLGameCenterLive(brandedasRogersNHLGameCentreLiveinCanada),whichallowsthestreamingofoutofmarket
gamesovertheinternet,eitherthroughtheNHLwebsite,smartphonesandtablets,digitalmediaplayers,smartTVs,andvideogameconsoles.Inthe
UnitedStates,GameCenterLivedoesnotcarrynationalgames(whichareofferedthroughtheNBCSportsLiveExtraservicetoauthenticatedpay
televisionsubscribers)orinmarketgames(onlineavailabilityvariesbybroadcaster).
Peritsexclusivenationaltelevisionanddigitalrightscontract,RogersCommunicationstookoverCanadiandistributionandmarketingofboththe
outofmarketTVandtheinternetservicesinCanadaasofthe201415season.Anumberofchangesweremadetotheinternetservice,whichwas
rebrandedasRogersNHLGameCentreLive.Canadianusersaccesstheserviceusinga"MyRogers"loginaccountinsteadofonedirectlyon
NHL.com.Itnowalsooffersaccesstonationalgames,alongwithinmarketstreamingofregionalgamesforteamsthatSportsnetholdsbroadcast
rightstoasofthe201415season,theseincludealmostallNHLteamsinCanada,asidefromtheOttawaSenatorsandWinnipegJets,whose
broadcastrightsareheldbyTSN.Aspartofthetransition,Rogersalsoissuedafreetrialoftheservice,lastingthroughthestartof2015,toallRogers
cableandmobileinternetsubscribers.[149]Theserviceoffers"GamePlus",acomponentfeaturingalternatecameraangles,suchasnetcams,pointof
11/17
1/7/2015
viewcams,andskycams.TheskycamarecurrentlyonlyavailableforAirCanadaCentregames,buttheremainingCanadianarenaswillbeequipped
foritinthefuture.GamePlusfeaturesareonlyavailabletoGameCentreLivesubscriberswhoaresubscribedtoRogers'cable,internet,orwireless
services.[150][151]
International
OutsideofCanadaandtheUnitedStates,NHLgamesarebroadcastacrossEurope(excludingtheUKandScandinavia)andtheMiddleEastonESPN
America,whichtakesfeedsfromNBC,Rogers,andteams'regionalbroadcasts.IntheUKPremierSportshastherightstotheNHLandshow15
gamesperweek.FoxSportsinAustralia,[152]onViasatSportinNorway,Finland,andDenmarkonViasatHockeyinSweden,[153]intheCzech
RepubliconNovaSportorFandaTVandinPortugalonSportTV.[154]IntheAmericas,NHLgamesarebroadcastacrossMexico,CentralAmericaand
DominicanRepubliconSKYMxico.StanleyCupgamescanalsobeviewedinNewZealandonSkySport.InBrazil(SouthAmericastartinginthe
201516season,thegamesarebroadcastonESPNInternational.
TheaforementionedNHLGamecenterLiveonNHL.comisalsoavailableforpeopleoutsideCanadaandtheUnitedStatestowatchgamesonline,but
blackoutrestrictionsapplyforexampleintheUKwheretheyarenotallowedtoshowlivegamesthatarebeingshownonPremierSports.
Popularity
TheNHLisconsideredoneofthefourmajorprofessionalsportsleaguesinNorthAmerica,alongwithMajorLeagueBaseball,theNationalFootball
League,andtheNationalBasketballAssociation.TheleagueisveryprominentinCanada,wherehockeyisthemostpopularofthesefourmajor
sportsasalongsideCFL.[155]Overall,hockeyhasthesmallesttotalfanbaseofthefourleagues,thesmallestrevenuefromtelevision,andtheleast
sponsorship.[156]
WhiletheNHLdoesnotholdoneofthelargestfanbasesinNorthAmerica,itdoesholdoneofthemostaffluentfanbases.[156]StudiesbytheSports
MarketingGroupconductedfrom1998to2004showthattheNHL'sfanbaseismuchmoreaffluentthanthatofthePGATour.[157]Astudydoneby
theStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusinessin2004,foundthatNHLfansinAmericawerethemosteducatedandaffluentofthefourmajorleagues.
Theywerealsofoundtobesubstantiallymorecomputerliteratethantheotherfans.Furtheritnotedthatseasonticketsalesweremoreprominentin
theNHLthantheotherthreebecauseoftheabilityoftheNHLfantopurchasethem,somethingmoreoutofreachforfansoftheotherleagues.[156]
AccordingtoReutersin2010,thelargestdemographicofNHLfanswashighlysoughtaftergroupmalesaged1834,whowerealsoshowntobe
more"techsavvy"thanmostfans.[158]
TheNHLestimatesthatfullyhalfofitsfanbaserootsforteamsinoutsidemarkets.Beginningin2008,underthedirectionofChiefOperatingOfficer
JohnCollins,theNHLbeganashifttowardusingdigitaltechnologytomarkettofanstocapitalizeonthis.
ThedebutoftheWinterClassic,anoutdoorregularseasonNHLgameheldonNewYear'sDay2008,wasamajorsuccessfortheleague.Thegame
hassincebecomeapermanentstapleoftheNHLschedule.This,alongwiththetransitiontoanational"GameoftheWeek"andanannual"Hockey
DayinAmerica"regionalcoverage,alltelevisedonNBC,hashelpedincreasetheNHL'sregularseasontelevisionviewershipintheUnitedStates.
TheseimprovementsledNBCandthecablechannelVersustosignasharedtenyearbroadcastdeal(astheirparentcompaniesweremerging),paying
US$200millionperyearforbothAmericancableandbroadcastrightsthedealwillleadtofurtherincreasesintelevisioncoverageontheNBC
channels.
ThishasboostedviewershipmetricsfortheNHL.The2010StanleyCupplayoffssawthelargestaudienceinthehistoryofthesport"afteraregular
seasonthatsawrecordbreakingbusinesssuccess,propelledinlargepartbytheNHL'sstrategyofengagingfansthroughbigeventsandrobustdigital
offerings."[159]Thissuccesshasresultedina66percentriseinNHLadvertisingandsponsorshiprevenue.Collinssaid"ItwasagreatStanleyCup
run,reallyacrosseverypossiblemetric....Ourfansareconsumingmorehockey."Merchandisesaleswereup22percentandthenumberofunique
visitorsontheNHL.comwebsitewereup17percentduringtheplayoffsafterrising29percentintheregularseason.[160]
Charitablecauses
TheNHLadvocatesforanumberofcausesthroughouttheseason.DuringthedaysleadinguptoRemembranceDay(November11,knownas
VeteransDayintheUnitedStates),inrespectoftheday,coachesandotherNHLofficialswearredpoppylapelpins.HockeyFightsCancerisajoint
initiativefoundedinDecember1998bytheNationalHockeyLeagueandtheNationalHockeyLeaguePlayers'Associationtoraisemoneyand
awarenessforhockey'smostimportantfight.ItissupportedbyNHLMemberClubs,NHLAlumni,theNHLOfficials'Association,Professional
HockeyTrainersandEquipmentManagers,corporatemarketingpartners,broadcastpartnersandfans.[161]
Seealso
ListofAmericanandCanadiancitiesbynumberofmajorprofessionalsportsfranchises
ListofNHLrecords(individual)
ListofNHLrecords(team)
ListofprofessionalsportsteamsintheUnitedStatesandCanada
ListofTVmarketsandmajorsportsteams
MajorprofessionalsportsleaguesintheUnitedStatesandCanada
NHLoutdoorgames
12/17
1/7/2015
Footnotes
1. TheMontrealCanadienshavewon22StanleyCupssince1926aftertheCupbecametheNHL'schampionshiptrophy.InadditiontheywonthreeearlierNHL
championshipswhentheStanleyCupwasaninterleaguecompetition:in191819whentheSpanishflucancelledtheStanleyCupfinalsagainsttheSeattle
MetropolitansofPCHA,in192324whentheywontheStanleyCupovertheCalgaryTigersoftheWCHL,andin192425whentheylostintheStanleyCup
finalstotheWCHL'sVictoriaCougars.(TheCanadienshavealsowona24thStanleyCupasamemberoftheNHA.)
2. AsRogersMediaisthesolenationalrightsholderinCanada,RogerssublicensedsomegamestotheCBCandTVASports.
References
Bibliography
Coleman,Charles(19661969)."TrailoftheStanleyCup,vols.13".NationalHockeyLeague.ISBN0840329415.
Jenish,D'Arcy(2008).TheMontrealCanadians:100YearsofGlory(http://books.google.ca/books?id=DFLcnuvieV0C#v=onepage&q&f=false).Doubleday
Canada.ISBN9780385663243.
Holzman,MoreyNieforth,Joseph(2002).DeceptionsandDoublecross:HowtheNHLConqueredHockey(http://books.google.ca/books?
id=COb82MiKyGQC#v=onepage&q&f=false).Toronto,ON:DundurnPress.ISBN1550024132.
McFarlane,Brian(1997).BrianMcFarlane'sHistoryofHockey.Champaign,IL:SportsPublishingInc.ISBN1571671455.
McKinley,Michael(2006).Hockey:APeople'sHistory(http://books.google.ca/books?id=fCAL2ysKFWoC#v=onepage&q&f=false).McClelland&Stewart.
ISBN0771057695.
NationalHockeyLeague(2005)."200506NHLOfficialRules"(http://www.nhl.com/rules/index.html).NHL.com.RetrievedJune10,2006.
Pincus,Arthur(2006).TheOfficialIllustratedNHLHistory.ReadersDigest.ISBN088850800X.
Podnieks,AndrewSzemberg,Szymon(2007).Worldofhockey:celebratingacenturyoftheIIHF.FennPublishing.ISBN9781551683072.
Sandor,Steven(2005).TheBattleofAlberta:ACenturyofHockey'sGreatestRivalry(http://books.google.ca/books?
id=WpI_rzHaT8oC#v=onepage&q&f=false).HeritageHouse.ISBN1894974018.
Wong,JohnChiKit(2005).LordsoftheRinks(http://books.google.ca/books?id=8uKWKUOl5LkC#v=onepage&q&f=false).UniversityofTorontoPress.
ISBN0802085202.
Notes
1. "Rosters,ArenaInformation,andAerialMapsNHL.comTeams"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/teams.htm?navid=navtmsmain).NationalHockeyLeague.
RetrievedNovember10,2013.
2. Marsh,James(2006)."NationalHockeyLeague"(http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nationalhockeyleague/).TheCanadianEncyclopedia.
RetrievedJune11,2006.
3. "NHL.comStanleyCupFunFacts"(http://www.nhl.com/cup/fun_facts.html).NHL.RetrievedJuly15,2006.
4. TheNationalHockeyLeagueOfficialRecordBook&Guide200977thEdition,p.9.NewYork:NationalHockeyLeague(2008)
5. Eichelberger,Curtis(May29,2009)."NHLBorrowsFromNFLasItPursuesBiggerTVContract"(http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?
pid=20601109&sid=aGY7pu.INAhA).BloombergL.P.RetrievedJune29,2009.
6. "QuantHockey.com"(http://www.quanthockey.com/nhl/nationalitytotals/activenhlplayers201112stats.html).RetrievedNovember19,2012.
7. Holzman&Nieforth2002,p.23
8. McFarlane1997,pp.1516
10. McKinley2006,p.77
11. Jenish,D'Arcy(2013).TheNHL:100yearsofoniceactionandboardroombattles.DoubledayCanada.p.16.ISBN0385671466.
12. Pincus2006,p.21
13. McFarlane,Brian."EarlyLeaguesandtheBirthoftheNHL"(http://capitals.nhl.com/team/app?service=page&page=NHLPage&bcid=his_EarlyLeagues).
NationalHockeyLeague.RetrievedJanuary17,2010.
14. Pincus2006,p.24
16. Pincus2006,p.23
17. Sandor2005,p.33
18. Pincus2006,p.35
19. "VictoriaCougars192425StanleyCup"(http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SilverwareTrophyWinner.jsp?tro=STC&year=1924
25).LegendsofHockey(HockeyHallofFame).RetrievedJanuary17,2010.
20. Sandor2005,p.35
21. "TheHistoryoftheHubofHockey"(http://bruins.nhl.com/team/app/?service=page&page=NHLPage&id=5489).BostonBruinsHockeyClub.Retrieved
May16,2008.
24. Pincus2006,p.33
25. Pincus2006,p.29
26. Pincus2006,p.39
27. McFarlane1990,p.33
28. Jenish2008,pp.8485
31. Diamond,DanZweig,EricDuplacey,James(2003).TheUltimatePrize:TheStanleyCup.AndrewsMcMeelPublishing.p.40.ISBN0740738305.
32. Pincus2006,p.47
34. "TheLegendsRocketRichard"(http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?
mem=p196108&type=Player&page=bio&list=ByName#photo).HockeyHallofFame.RetrievedJanuary18,2010.
35. Pincus2006,p.86
36. Pincus2006,p.100
37. "PlayersWillieO'Ree"(http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=13894).HockeyHallofFame.Retrieved
13/17
1/7/2015
37. "PlayersWillieO'Ree"(http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/SearchPlayer.jsp?player=13894).HockeyHallofFame.Retrieved
January18,2010.
38. Diamond1991,p.175
39. McKinley2006,pp.194195
40. McFarlane1990,pp.106107
41. Boer2006,p.13
44. Willes2004,p.33
46. Willes2004,p.214
47. Willes2004,p.251
48. "TheLegendsWayneGretzky"(http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?mem=p199901&page=bio&list=#photo).
HockeyHallofFame.RetrievedJanuary18,2010.
49. "Edmonton'sSaddestHockeyDayTheGretzkyTrade"(http://www.oilersheritage.com/history/dynasty_highlights_gretzkytrade.html).EdmontonOilers
HeritageFoundation.RetrievedJanuary18,2010.
50. CBCSports(January29,2004)."We'vebeenherebefore"(http://www.cbc.ca/sports/indepth/cba/features/flashback.html).cbc.ca.RetrievedJune9,2006.
51. audohar,PaulD.(December2005)."Thehockeylockoutof200405"(http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2005/12/art3full.pdf)(PDF).MonthlyLaborReview.
52. NHL.com(October6,2005)."NHLreturnswithpackedarenas,singledateattendancerecord"(http://www.nhl.com/news/2005/10/237032.html).NHL.com.
53. Molinaro,John(April20,2006)."Aseasontoremember"(http://www.cbc.ca/sports/indepth/hockey_features/season_review.html).CBC.ca.RetrievedJune9,
2006.
54. Mackin,Bob(April18,2006)."Canucksabusefantrust"(http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Hockey/NHL/Vancouver/2006/04/18/1538866sun.html).SlamSports.
RetrievedJuly3,2006.
55. Finder,Chuck(August19,2005)."Penguinsticketsaleshittheroof"(http://www.postgazette.com/pg/05231/556523.stm).PittsburghPostGazette.Retrieved
December11,2006.
56. SuperBowlXLIIversustheEconomy(http://www1.ibisworld.com/pressrelease/pressrelease.aspx?prid=107)
57. "Onice:NHLlocksoutitsplayers"(http://www.cbsnews.com/8301400_16257513713/onicenhllocksoutitsplayers/).CBSNews.RetrievedSeptember16,
2012.
58. Strang,Katie(September16,2012)."NHLimposesleaguewidelockout"(http://espn.go.com/nhl/story/_/id/8382911/nhlofficiallylocksplayerscbaexpires).
ESPNNewYork.com.RetrievedSeptember16,2012.
59. "NHLannouncescancellationof201213regularseasonschedulethroughJanuary14"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=648084).nhl.com.Retrieved
December20,2012.
60. "NHLcancels2013WinterClassic"(http://prohockeytalk.nbcsports.com/2012/11/02/nhlcancels2013winterclassic/related/).NBCNews.Retrieved
November2,2012.
61. "NHLcancelsgamesthroughDec.14,AllStargame"(http://www.cbsnews.com/8301400_16257553761/nhlcancelsgamesthroughdec14allstargame/).
CBSNews.RetrievedNovember23,2012.
62. CanadianPress(December10,2012)."NHLAnnouncesGameCancellationsThroughDec.30"(http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=411343).www.tsn.ca.
BellMedia.RetrievedDecember10,2012.
63. "NHLOWNERSTOVOTEONCONTRACTWEDNESDAY"(http://bigstory.ap.org/article/nhlownersvotecontractwednesday).AssociatedPress.
RetrievedJanuary8,2013.
64. "NHL,playersfinalizeagreement,campscanopenSunday"(http://www.freep.com/usatoday/article/1828151?
odyssey=mod%7Cnewswell%7Ctext%7CDetroit%20Red%20Wings%7Cp).DetroitFreePress.RetrievedJanuary13,2013.
65. JoshHargreaves(September5,2013)."Crosbydiscusseslengthyrecoveryroadfromconcussions,safetyofthegame"
(http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/crosbydiscusseslengthyrecoveryroadfromconcussionssafetyofthegame/article14118504/).Toronto:The
GlobeandMail.RetrievedMarch14,2014.
66. "Video:BrendanShanahanExplainsRaffiTorres25GameSuspensionCBSChicago"(http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2012/04/21/videobrendanshanahan
explainsraffitorres25gamesuspension/).Chicago.cbslocal.com.April21,2012.RetrievedMarch14,2014.
67. Wyshynski,Greg(September30,2013)."NHLplayersapprovehybridicing,assafetytrumpssubjectivity|PuckDaddyYahooSports"
(http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nhlpuckdaddy/nhlplayersapprovehybridicingsafetytrumpssubjectivity231456246nhl.html).Sports.yahoo.com.Retrieved
March14,2014.
68. "FormerNHLplayerssueleagueoverconcussions"(http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=437509).Tsn.ca.November25,2013.RetrievedMarch14,2014.
69. McGran,Kevin(June6,2009)."NHL'ssecretconstitutionrevealed"(http://www.thestar.com/article/646798).Toronto:theStar.com.RetrievedMarch12,2011.
70. Fitzpatrick,Jamie(2006)."StanleyCupWinners"(http://proicehockey.about.com/od/stanleycupbunker/a/stanley_cuplist.htm).about.com.RetrievedJune26,
2006.
71. ESPN(December31,1999)."The10greatestteams"(http://espn.go.com/endofcentury/s/other/greatteams.html).ESPN.com.RetrievedJune26,2006.
72. Rosen,Dan(December5,2011)."Governorsadoptradicalfourconferencerealignmentplan"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=604852).NHL.com.
RetrievedDecember5,2011.
73. NHLrealignmentonholdafterunionbalks(http://www.wgrz.com/sports/article/149232/4/NHLrealignmentonholdafterunionbalks).TheSportsNetwork.
RetrievedJanuary6,2012.
74. NHLAlignmentWillNOTChangeasNHLPARejectsRealignment.Here'swhy...(http://www.hockeybuzz.com/blog.php?post_id=41111&blogger_id=1).
Hockeybuzz.com.RetrievedJanuary8,2012.
75. "NHLRealignmentIncludesFourDivisions,WildCardTeams"(http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=416887).TSN.February26,2013.
76. DanRosen(March8,2013)."BoardofGovernorsVoteNextStepForRealignmentPlan"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=659069&navid=nhl:topheads).
NHL.com.
77. DanRosen(March14,2013)."RealignmentplanapprovedbyBoardofGovernors"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=660138).NHL.com.
78. DanRosen(July19,2013)."NHLintroducesnewdivisionnameswithschedule"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=678456).NHL.com.
79. McFarlane,Brian."EarlyLeaguesandtheBirthoftheNHL"(http://capitals.nhl.com/team/app?service=page&page=NHLPage&bcid=his_EarlyLeagues).
NationalHockeyLeague.RetrievedApril30,2011.
82. Willes,Ed(2004).TheRebelLeague:TheShortandUnrulyLifeoftheWorldHockeyAssociation.McClelland&Stewart.ISBN0771089473.
83. "Teams"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/teams.htm).NationalHockeyLeague.RetrievedApril30,2011.
84. Rosen,Dan(June21,2011)."NHLBoardunanimousonWinnipegsale,relocation"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=566567).NHL.com.Retrieved
June24,2011.
85. NationalHockeyLeague(2006)."Timeofmatch"(http://www.nhl.com/hockeyu/rulebook/rule90.html).NHL.com.RetrievedDecember2,2006.
14/17
1/7/2015
85. NationalHockeyLeague(2006)."Timeofmatch"(http://www.nhl.com/hockeyu/rulebook/rule90.html).NHL.com.RetrievedDecember2,2006.
86. Fitzpatrick,Jamie."HowtheNHLShootoutWorks"(http://proicehockey.about.com/od/rules/a/shootout_debate_2.htm).About.com.TheNewYorkTimes
Company.RetrievedAugust4,2008.
87. "Oh,whatanight...andmorning.StarsCanucksrankssixthamonglongestOTgames."
(http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/hockey/nhl/specials/playoffs/2007/04/12/OT.games/).SportsIllustrated.April12,2007.RetrievedApril26,2007.
88. Clement,Bill(2008)."Playoffovertimeformatneedschange"(http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/18470542/).NBCSports.com.RetrievedMay9,2008.
89. NationalHockeyLeague(2005)."DimensionsofRink"(http://www.nhl.com/rules/rule02.html).NHL.com.RetrievedJune8,2006.
90. NationalHockeyLeague(2005)."Divisionoficesurface"(http://www.nhl.com/rules/rule05.html).NHL.com.RetrievedJune8,2006.
91. NationalHockeyLeague(2005)."Goalcrease"(http://www.nhl.com/rules/rule04.html).NHL.com.RetrievedJune8,2006.
92. NationalHockeyLeague(2009)."Rule63DelayingtheGame"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26355).NHL.com.RetrievedMarch14,2010.
93. Diamos,Jason.(September16,2005)."NewRuleWillTakeaWeaponAwayfromBrodeur"(http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?
res=F10616F835550C758DDDA00894DD404482).TheNewYorkTimes(subscriptionrequired).RetrievedMarch2,2007.
94. Jones,Tom.(September18,2005)."Brodeurnothandlingnewrulewell"(http://www.sptimes.com/2005/09/18/Sports/Brodeur_not_handling_.shtml).St.
PetersburgTimes.RetrievedMarch2,2007.
95. "BrodeurhopesNHLbanishestrapezoid"(http://blogs.northjersey.com/blogs/fireice/comments/brodeur_hopes_nhl_banishes_trapezoid/).Fire&Ice.2009.
96. "NHLdecidestokeeptrapezoid"(http://blogs.northjersey.com/blogs/fireice/nhl_decides_to_keep_trapezoid/).Fire&Ice.2009.RetrievedNovember10,2009.
97. Rosen,Dan."HybridIcyingtopslistofruleschangesfor20132014season"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=684940).NHL.com.RetrievedDecember2,
2013.
98. CBCsports(July22,2005)."RelaunchingtheGame"(http://www.cbc.ca/sports/indepth/cba/features/rule_changes.html).CBC.com.RetrievedJune10,2006.
99. NationalHockeyLeague(2005)."Icing"(http://www.nhl.com/rules/rule81.html).NHL.com.RetrievedMarch1,2013.
100. Podnieks&Szemberg2007,p.198.
101. NationalHockeyLeague(2005)."Majorpenalties"(http://www.nhl.com/rules/rule27.html).NHL.com.RetrievedJune8,2006.
102. CBC.ca(2006)."IceHockeyEssentialsInternationalvs.NHL"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20060221192349/http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/sports/icehockey/essentials/intlvsnhl.shtml).NHL.com.Archivedfromtheoriginal
(http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/sports/icehockey/essentials/intlvsnhl.shtml)onFebruary21,2006.RetrievedJune26,2006.
103. NationalHockeyLeague(2005)."Minorpenalties"(http://www.nhl.com/rules/rule26.html).NHL.com.RetrievedJune8,2006.
104. Laurie,Scott(September28,2005)."NHLunveilsnewdrugtestingpolicy"
(http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20050928/NHL_doping_050928?s_name=&no_ads=).CTV.RetrievedJanuary2,2007.
105. CBCSportsOnline(July27,2005)."NHLrampsuprivalries"(http://www.cbc.ca/sports/indepth/cba/features/schedule_changes.html).CBC.com.Retrieved
June6,2006.
106. "Playoffformats"(http://www.nhl.com/hockeyu/history/cup/formats.html).NHL.com.2005.RetrievedJune6,2006.
107. "NHLannounces200607trophyfinalists"(http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service=page&page=NewsPage&articleid=301911).NHL.com.May1,2007.
108. CanadianPress(November7,2005)."Royondeckfor2006,'mayhem'in2007"(http://www.tsn.ca/classic/news_story.asp?ID=142315&hubName=).tsn.ca.
109. phoenixcoyotes.com(May31,2006)."WayneGretzkysignsfiveyearcontractasheadcoach"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20060615113421/http://www.phoenixcoyotes.com/news/story_details.php?ID=5063).phoenixcoyotes.com.Archivedfromthe
original(http://www.phoenixcoyotes.com/news/story_details.php?ID=5063)onJune15,2006.RetrievedJune9,2006.
110. Wigge,Larry(February25,2002)."Newworldorder:astheOlympicshaveshown,theinfluxofplayersfromacrosstheAtlanticbroughtchangestotheNHL
game"(http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_8_226/ai_83450464).TheSportingNews.RetrievedJune11,2006.
111. Beacon,Bill(June27,199?)."CanadiansleftbehindasNHLgoesforfirepower"(http://slam.canoe.ca/HockeyNHLDraft99/jun27_can.html).CanadianPress.
RetrievedJune11,2006.Checkdatevaluesin:|date=(help)
112. PODNIEKS,ANDREW(May10,2008)."NHLlandscapechanges"(http://www.iihf.com/homeofhockey/news/newssingleview/browse/2/article/nhl
landscapechanges.html?tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=187&cHash=5abfb28b5e/).IIHF.RetrievedMay13,2008.
113. PAKARINEN,RISTO(May8,2008)."Canada'stopexport:coaches"(http://www.iihf.com/channels/iihfworldchampionship/news/newssingleviewworld
championship/article/canadastopexportcoaches.html?tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=552&cHash=a2631f795d/).IIHF.RetrievedMay13,2008.
114. IWHC.net(May16,2006)."NHLstilllikesCzechsbest"(http://live82.ihwc.net/english/article/recaps/index.ihwc?artId=2398).IWHC.net.RetrievedJune9,
2006.
115. "20022003RegularseasonBiosCountry"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/app?
service=page&page=playerstats&fetchKey=20032ALLAASAll&viewName=bios&sort=player.birthCountryAbbrev).NationalHockeyLeague.
116. "20022003RegularseasonGoalieBiosCountry"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/playerstats.htm?
fetchKey=20032ALLGAGAll&sort=player.birthCountryAbbrev&viewName=goalieBios).NationalHockeyLeague.
15/17
1/7/2015
129. "20102011RegularseasonBiosCountry"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/playerstats.htm?
season=20102011&gameType=2&team=&position=S&country=&status=&viewName=summary).NationalHockeyLeague.
season=20102011&gameType=2&team=&position=G&country=&status=&viewName=summary).NationalHockeyLeague.
131. CBC.ca(2005)."HNICin200506"(http://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/hnic/seasoninfo.html).CBC.ca.RetrievedJune19,2006.
132. CBC.ca(2005)."HockeyNightinCanada:Ahistoryofexcellence"(http://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/hnic/histrad.html).CBC.ca.RetrievedJune19,2006.
133. Shoalts,David."HockeyNightinCanada:HowCBClostitall"(http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/hockeynightincanadahowcbclostit
all/article21072643/).TheGlobeandMail.RetrievedOctober11,2014.
134. "500plusNHLgamestoairunderRogersdeal"(http://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/nearly500nhlgamestoairunderrogersdeal/).Sportsnet.February4,
2014.RetrievedFebruary5,2014.
135. "Rogersreaches12yearbroadcastdealwithNHLworth$5.2billion"(http://www.theglobeandmail.com/reportonbusiness/rogersreaches12yearbroadcast
dealwithnhlworth52billion/article15600412/).TheGlobeandMail(Toronto).November27,2013.RetrievedNovember26,2013.
136. "RogersscoresnationalNHLTVrightsfor$5.2B"(http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/rogersscoresnationalnhltvrightsfor52b1.2440645).CBCNews.
137. "NHLdealwithRogersahugeblowtoTSNandCBC:Mudhar"
(http://www.thestar.com/sports/hockey/2013/11/26/nhl_deal_with_rogers_a_huge_blow_to_tsn_and_cbc_mudhar.html).TorontoStar.November26,2013.
138. "CBCpartnerswithRogersinlandmarkNHLrightsdeal"(http://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/nhl/cbcpartnerswithrogersinlandmarknhlrightsdeal
1.2440326).CBCSports.RetrievedNovember26,2013.
139. Bradshaw,James."Rogers'HockeyNightinCanadawillbeawholenewgameforviewers"(http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/canadiansprepare
formoregamecoveragestorytellingwithnewnhlseason/article20930976/?page=all).TheGlobeandMail.RetrievedOctober12,2014.
140. "NHL,TVASportslaunchFrenchlanguageagreement"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=729553).NHL.com.Retrieved21September2014.
141. "NHLsigns12yearTV,InternetdealwithRogersCBCkeepsHockeyNightinCanada"
(http://www.thestar.com/sports/hockey/2013/11/26/nhl_signs_12year_broadcast_deal_with_rogers_cbc_keeps_hockey_night_in_canada.html).TorontoStar.
November26,2013.RetrievedNovember26,2013.
142. Faguy,Steve(August18,2014)."NHLbroadcastschedule201415:Whoownsrightstowhatgames"(http://blog.fagstein.com/2014/08/18/nhlregional
schedule201415/).Fagstein.RetrievedAugust23,2014.
143. Weiner,Evan(June16,2006)."Don'tBelievetheGripe:TheNHLIsBack"(http://www.nysun.com/article/34542).NewYorkSun.RetrievedJune19,2006.
144. Fang,Ken(April19,2011)."NBC/VersusToAirNHLGamesForTheNextTenYears"(http://fangsbites.com/2011/04/nbcversustoairnhlgamesforthe
nexttenyear/).Fangsbites.com.RetrievedApril19,2011.
145. "XMtoBecomeExclusiveSatelliteRadioCarrierofNHL"(http://xmradio.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=press_releases&item=1466)(Pressrelease).XM
SatelliteRadio.June28,2007.RetrievedJune28,2007.
146. http://talkintv.buffalonews.com/2015/06/05/nbafinalsratingssoarhereanotherlocalangletocelebrityfamilyfeud/
147. "NHLCentreIce(Canada)officialwebsite"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=27197).Nhl.com.RetrievedMarch14,2014.
148. "NHLCenterIceUnitedStatesofficialwebsite"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=26371).NHL.com.RetrievedMarch14,2014.
149. "RogerswillallowyoutowatchevenmoreNHLgamesonlinethisseason...justnotallofthem"(http://sports.nationalpost.com/2014/09/03/howrogerswill
allowyoutowatchevenmorenhlgamesonlinethisseasonjustnotallofthem/).NationalPost.Retrieved18September2014.
150. "RogersGamePlushasNHLanglescovered,butappwillcomeataprice"(http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/rogersgameplushasnhlangles
coveredbutappwillcomeataprice/article20958049/).TheGlobeandMail.Retrieved8October2014.
151. "RogerswinsrighttoofferGamePlusexclusivelytosubscribers"(http://www.thestar.com/business/tech_news/2015/03/16/rogerswinsrighttooffergameplus
exclusivelytosubscribers.html).TorontoStar.Retrieved17March2015.
152. "FoxSports1[501]"(http://www.foxtel.com.au/whatson/channels/foxsports1/default.htm).Foxtel.com.au.RetrievedApril9,2010.
153. "Mtg:ViasatacquiresNHLbroadcastingrightsfromESPN"(http://www.cisionwire.com/mtg/mtgviasatacquiresnhlbroadcastingrightsfromespn).Cision
Wire.com.July16,2009.RetrievedApril9,2010.
154. "SportTVHomePage"(http://www.sporttv.pt/).sportTV.pt.RetrievedApril9,2010.
155. CanadianPress(June8,2006)."Survey:Canadianinterestinprofootballisontherise"
(http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060608.wsurvey8/BNStory/Sports/home).Toronto:GlobeandMail.RetrievedJune8,2006.
156. Markus,David(August2004)."ChampionsoftheTurnstiles"(http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/bmag/sbsm0408/feature_sports.shtml).gsb.standford.edu.
157. "Sports|NBABooming,ButFootballIsAmerica'sFavoriteSport|SeattleTimesNewspaper"(http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?
date=19910221&slug=1267313).Community.seattletimes.nwsource.com.February21,1991.RetrievedMarch14,2014.
158. Klayman,Ben(October8,2010)."NHLpushesforgrowthonTV,online"(http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6974VM20101008).Reuters.Retrieved
May23,2011.
159. StanleyCupPlayoffsattractlargestaudienceever(http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=531630),NHL.com,June14,2010
160. Klayman,Ben.NHLad,sponsorshiprevenueup66pctthisyear(http://ca.news.finance.yahoo.com/s/14062010/6/financeinterviewnhladsponsorship
revenue66pctyear.html),YahooNews,June14,2010
161. "HockeyFightsCancer"(http://www.nhl.com/ice/page.htm?id=25343).NationalHockeyLeague.RetrievedJanuary6,2011.
Furtherreading
Bass,Alan(2011).TheGreatExpansion:TheUltimateRiskThatChangedtheNHLForever(http://books.google.ca/books?
id=JgLqzbebH4gC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20NHL&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true).IuniverseInc.ISBN1450286054.
Fischler,,Stan&Shirley(2003).Who'sWhoinHockey(http://books.google.ca/books?
id=wpbLnSHBNHgC&lpg=PT162&dq=National%20Hockey%20League&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=true).AndrewsMcMeelPub.ISBN0740719041.
Holzman,MoreyNieforth,Joseph(2002).Deceptionsanddoublecross:howtheNHLconqueredhockey(http://books.google.ca/books?
id=COb82MiKyGQC&lpg=PP1&dq=National%20Hockey%20League&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true).DundurnPress.ISBN1550024132.
Weekes,Don(2005).TheBigBookofHockeyTrivia(http://books.google.ca/books?
id=31znPJH56zAC&lpg=PA93&dq=The%20Big%20Book%20of%20Canadian%20Trivia&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true).GreystoneBooks.ISBN155365
1197.
Wright,MarshallD(2010).TheNationalHockeyLeague,19171967:AYearbyYearStatisticalHistory(http://books.google.ca/books?
id=5BwMfrkN1SQC&lpg=PP1&dq=National%20Hockey%20League&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true).McFarland&Co.ISBN9780786444441.
16/17
1/7/2015
Externallinks
Officialwebsite(http://www.nhl.com/)(Mobile(http://www.nhl.com/ice/m_home.htm))
NHLPlayer'sAssociation(NHLPA)(http://www.nhlpa.com/)
NHLOfficialsAssociationwebsite(http://www.nhlofficials.com/)
WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoNational
HockeyLeague.
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Hockey_League&oldid=668897565"
Categories: NationalHockeyLeague IcehockeyleaguesinCanada IcehockeyleaguesintheUnitedStates Organizationsestablishedin1917
ProfessionalsportsleaguesinCanada ProfessionalsportsleaguesintheUnitedStates Recurringsportingeventsestablishedin1917
Sportsleaguesestablishedin1917
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon27June2015,at12:41.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetothe
TermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.WikipediaisaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.
17/17

National Hockey League - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

National Hockey League - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

1/7/2015

Canada: RogersMedia, [nb2]

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi