Important questions to prepare on...

1. Ip Address Range..
2. DHCP
3. DNS
4. Hard Disk Types.
5. Telnet
6. Trace Route
7. Ping
8. Loopback Address
9. Registry
10.User Accounts
11. Switch Router and HUB Difference..
12. 7 OSI Layers
13. Firewall
14. Port
15. Event Viewer...

2.Second set of questions..

1.DHCP
2.DNS
3.Active Directory
4.Difference between domain group and work group
5.FSMO
6.Explain Hard disk drives
7.Router and switch Difference..
8.Telnet
9.Tnacert
10.Event viewer
11.OSI layer
12.Port
13.DNS,Smtp,DHCP port number
14.Task Manager
15.Device Manager
16.RAID
17.Windows Services..
18.Dora Process
19.UAC..

Networking Questions to give a glance..

1) What is window defender?
Ans : Windows Defender, formerly known as Microsoft Antispyware, is a software
product that helps remove malware.
2) What is System Restore Point?
Ans: System Restore helps you restore your computer's system files to an earlier point in
time. It's a way to undo system changes to your computer without affecting
3) What is Nat?
Ans: Network Address Translation (NAT) is designed for IP address conservation. It
enables private IP networks that use unregistered IP addresses to connect to the Internet.
4) What is VPN?
Ans: A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network,
such as the Internet. It enables a computer to send and receive data across shared or
public networks as if it is directly connected to the private network
5) what is DHCP ?
Ans: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables a
server to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a defined range of
numbers
6) what is deference between Router and Switch ?
Ans: A router is a far more versatile and sophisticated device. In fact, a router replaces the
need for a network switch in many homes, since it typically provides the function of a
switch along with its other features. While a switch merely splits the LAN connection, a
router provides prioritized traffic, splitting functionality and wireless network conversion.
7) What is Active directory ?
Ans: Active Directory (AD) is a directory service that Microsoft developed for Windows
domain networks and is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of
processes and services and it helps to store information of user or computer where user
can access the resource in enterprise
8) what are all the private ip address ranges?
Ans Class A : 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
Class B : 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Class C : 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

9) what is the difference between public ip and private ip ?

Ans : Public Ip is the IP which is visible in WAN meams which goes out as a
representative of our computer but private ips are the ips which we use within a company
or organisation. They can be used in any company but public ips are unique. In short
Public Ip is for outside organisation and private ip is for inside organisation.
10) what do u mean by firewall ?
Ans: Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing
private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets.
11) What are the windows server in active directory ?
Ans : Windows server 2003 , Windows server 2008 and recently introduce Windows
server 2012
12) In which layer does Switch , hub , and router refers ?
Ans : Hub : Physical layer , Switch : Datalink layer, Router : Network layer
13) what is loopback ip address and how to check NIC card or Network Adapter ?
Ans : Loopback refers to check whether network adapter is working fine while pinging
the loopback ip address which is 127.0.0.1.
14) What are the well known port and their port number?
Ans: FTP : 20,21
SMTP: 25
HTTP : 80 , HTTPS : 443 POP3 : 110 , DNS : 53
15) What is portforwarding ?
Ans : Port forwarding is a method of making a computer on your network accessible to
computers on the Internet, even though you are behind a router.
It is commonly used for hosting game servers, peer to peer downloading, and voice over
IP type applications.
1.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)-

standardized networking protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP)

With DHCP computers request IP addresses and networking parameters automatically
from a DHCP server
The DHCP server may have three methods of allocating IP-addresses:

dynamic allocation:
automatic allocation:
static allocation:

DHCP is used for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), as well as IPv6. While both versions

serve the same purpose

2. Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming

system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private
network.
it translates easily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for
the purpose of locating computer services and devices worldwide. The Domain Name
System is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet.
The Domain Name System distributes the responsibility of assigning domain names and
mapping those names to IP addresses by designating authoritative name servers for each
domain.

3. OSI Layer:
OSI Model
Data unit

Layer

Function

7.
Network process to application
Application

Data
Host
layers

Segments

Data representation, encryption and decryption,

6.
convert machine dependent data to machine
Presentation
independent data

5. Session

Interhost communication, managing sessions

between applications

4. Transport

Reliable delivery of packets between points on a

network.

Media
Addressing, routing and (not necessarily reliable)
layers Packet/Datagram 3. Network delivery of datagrams between points on a
network.
Bit/Frame

2. Data link A reliable direct point-to-point data connection.

Bit

4.

1. Physical

A (not necessarily reliable) direct point-to-point

data connection

Ping (networking utility), a computer network tool used to test whether a

particular host is reachable across an IP network

5. A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks,

creating an overlay internetwork. A router is connected to two or more data lines from
different networks.

6. A switch (sometimes known as a switching hub) is a computer networking device

that is used to connect devices together on a computer network. A switch is considered
more advanced than a hub because a switch will only send a message to the device that
needs or requests it, rather than broadcasting the same message out of each of its ports.[1]

7. Hub, Switch, and Router Defined

The functions of the three devices the hub , switch and router are all quite different
from one another, even if at times they are all integrated into a single device. Which one
do you use when? Let's take a look...

Hub
A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to
connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one
port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.

Switch
In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches
operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer 3) of the
OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches
to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched
Ethernet LANs.

Router
A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two
networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP.s network. Routers are
located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. Routers use headers
and forwarding tables to determine the best path for forwarding the packets, and they use
protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route
between any two hosts.

8 .An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical

label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network
that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.[1]
Two versions of the Internet Protocol (IP) are in use: IP Version 4 and IP Version 6.

Class 1st Octet Decimal Range

A

1 126*

128 191

192 223

224 239

240 254

9. APIPA(Inbuilt IP Address), also known as Automatic Private IP

Addressing, is a feature used in Windows operating systems. It comes into action only
when DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) servers are available.

10. What is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)?

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It's a set of communication guidelines
that allow software to transmit email over the Internet. Most email software is designed
to use SMTP for communication purposes when sending email, and It only works for
outgoing messages. When people set up their email programs, they will typically have to
give the address of their Internet service provider's SMTP server for outgoing mail. There
are two other protocols - POP3 and IMAP - that are used for retrieving and storing email.
SMTP provides a set of codes that simplify the communication of email messages
between servers.

11. Default gateway

In computer networking, a gateway is a node (a router) on a TCP/IP network that serves
as an access point to another network. A default gateway is the node on the computer
network that the network software uses when an IP address does not match any other
routes in the routing table. It is usually the IP address of the router to which your PC
network is connected.

12. Active Directory (AD) is a directory service implemented by Microsoft

for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems.
An AD domain controller authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a
Windows domain type networkassigning and enforcing security policies for all
computers and installing or updating software. For example, when a user logs into a
computer that is part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted
password and determines whether the user is a system administrator or normal user.[1]
Active Directory makes use of Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) versions 2
and 3, Microsoft's version of Kerberos, and DNS.

13. What is DORA process

DORA stands for discover , offer , request and acknowledgement
when we install a dhcp server into our network then dhcp server works on the basis of
dora process
first dhcp server sends a hello message in to the network to discover the clients pc and
when any client pc found in the network then , dhcp server offers the IP to client pc.
When client pc select any IP from dhcp server then client pc request for selected IP to
dhcp server then dhcp server provide that IP to client pc and both send ackonledgement to
each other.
This process is called DORA process on the basis of this process DHCP server works to
provide IP's dynamically to client pc's in network

14. The Device Manager is a Control Panel applet in Microsoft Windows

operating systems. It allows users to view and control the hardware attached to the
computer. When a piece of hardware is not working, the offending hardware is

highlighted for the user to deal with. The list of hardware can be sorted by various
criteria.
For each device, users can:

Supply device drivers

Enable or disable devices
Tell Windows to ignore malfunctioning devices
View other technical properties

Device Manager was introduced with Windows 95 and later added to Windows 2000. In
NT-based versions, it is included as a Microsoft Management Console snap-in.

15. System Restore is a feature in Microsoft Windows that allows the user to
revert their computer's state (including system files, installed applications, Windows
Registry, and system settings) to that of a previous point in time, which can be used to
recover from system malfunctions or other problems. First included in Windows ME, it
has since been included in all following desktop versions of Windows released since,
excluding the Windows Server[1]

Important questions
1. Function of DHCP and Dora Process.
2. Classes of private IP address
3. windows defender
4. Whether the private IP can communicate with outer world.
5. What is Active Directory?
6. OSI layers..
7. L2 and L3 device.
8. What is firewall?
9. Without disabling the firewall how can I access website which is blocked?
10. What is APIPA IP address?
11. System registry?
12. Boot Sequence.
13. How to connect to VPN?
14. NTFS?
15. FAT 32
16. NAT
17. How to disable Firewall?
18. Difference between firewall and antivirus?
19. Device manager?
20. Default Gatway?
21. Static IP?

2KI
1. what is MAC Address?
2. How DHCP works?
3. How will you find that two computers are connected with the internet
Trainsignal-mcsa (Vedio to be watched)