DC Supply

System
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Presentation outline
Duties
DC Loads
DC system
Types of Batteries

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DC SYSTEM IS
DESIGNED
To supply high standard of reliable & secure
dc power
To provide continuous & quality power as
and when required
Under normal & abnormal operating
conditions
Ultimate & final dc back-up power to
equipment and dc drives when total ac
supply fails
Hence they are battery backed
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DUTIES
To supply equipment which requires dc
during normal conditions
To supply standby equipment/dc drives
To supply starters of various equipment
To supply equipment when ac supplies have
been lost

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DC Power Supply

Various Critical Drives

Emergency DC Lighting
Switchgear Control Supply for closing & tripping
Control, Protection And Interlocks
Indication, Annunciation & Alarm System
Public Address System
DAS And Communication System

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DC SuppliesWhy?

Emergency Lube Oil Pump

Emergency Jacking Oil Pump

Emergency Scanner Air Fan
Emergency Seal Oil Pump
Breaker/Unit Protections
Emergency Lighting

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The Ultimate Backup

In case of unit tripping / grid failure, either station
changeover takes place / DG would start.
Normally, grid supply would be restored in minimum
possible time and DG would shut down.
In case of DG failure, the DC backup comes in to
service to facilitate safe shut down.

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Selection of voltage -DC

POWER SUPPLY
In power plant D.C. pumps, lighting require comparatively
high voltage due to their high power requirement. Hence as
a standard these applications are designed with 220V level.
It is desirable to have comparatively lower voltage24V/48V/110V for control/indications/annunciation due to
safety reasons. However to avoid multiplicity of DC supplies
(particularly we require two control supplies), we have
adopted uniform 220V DC voltage for plant electrical
systems for switchgear control, protection and interlock
operation.

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DC System
Battery
Battery Charger

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DC SYSTEM

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BATTERY CHARGERS [TWO/THREE]

BATTERY BANKS [ONE/TWO]
DC DISTRIBUTION BOARDS [ONE/TWO]
DC FUSE BOARDS
UN EARTHED SYSTEM
CHARGER TROUBLE, DC EARTH FAULT AND DC
VOLTAGE ABNORMAL ALARMS IN UCB

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220 V DC SYSTEM
Charger I

Charger II

440 V

440 V
220 V DC

220 V DC

Battery
Bank

Battery
Bank

DCDB
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Feeders

11

Feeders

Typical UPS System

440 V
AC
Converter

220 V
DC

220 V DC

Battery

Inverter

220 V
AC UPS

ACDB

All Unit Controls

&
Protection
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Power supply
Module

48 V, 15V, 24 V, DC

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220 V DC

FSSS
HT Breakers
Vacuum Breakers
HOTV/HORV
Deaerator Overflow Valve
GRP
HP Heater Protections
DC Fans & Pumps
Extraction FCNRV V/Vs
SADC
Trim Device
Load Shedding Relay
Scanner Air Fan Outlet & Emergency Damper
All DC Lights

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220 V Supplies
EMCC

USS

MAIN CHARGER

RESERVE CHARGER

UPS CHARGER-1

UPS CHARGER -2

DAS UPS CHARGER 1

DAS UPS CHARGER-2

+/- 24 VA DC CHARGER +/- 24 VB DC

CHARGER
DG SET BATTERY
SYSTEM

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+/- 24 V DC System

EMCC

+/-24 V
CHARGERA

Batteries
350AH

USS
+/-24 V
CHARGER-B
Batteries3
50AH

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+/- 24 V DC System
+24 V DC

- 24 VDC

EHC

LPBP

ATRS PANNEL

SPEEDER GEAR/STARTING DEVICE

ALL TURBINE PROTECTIONS

EHC

LPBP

ATT

TSE

ACS CABIN

STARTING DEVICE

TSE

LUB OIL TEMP/CONTROL FLUID TEMP/MAL

TEMP/COLD GAS TEMP

LUB OIL TEMP/CONTROL FLUID

TEMP/MAL TEMP/COLD GAS TEMP

EXCITATION SYSTEM CARDS

AVR

JOP-3

GRP
LOAD SHEDDING SOLENOID

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Battery

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Types of Batteries
Lead Acid
Plante
Tubular
VRLA
Pasted Plate

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Nickel - Cadmium
Pocket Plate
Tubular Plate
Sintered Plate

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Applicable Standards
Lead Acid Plante Batteries IS:1652

Vented Ni-Cd Batteries IS:10918, IEC:60623

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Manufacturers In India
Lead Acid Plante
Batteries
Exide Industries

Ni-Cd Pocket Plate

Batteries
AMCO Batteries
HBL NIFE Batteries

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Basic Electrochemistry
Lead Acid Battery:
Discharge

PbO2 + 2H2SO4 + Pb
(POS)

===== PbSO4 + 2H2O + PbSO4

(NEG)

(POS)

(NEG)

Water is discharge reaction product and has a very important role in helping assess state
of charge of a cell, at any point of time.

Nickel Cadmium Battery:

Discharge

2NiOOH + 2H2O + Cd ==== 2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

(NEG)

(POS)

(NEG)

(POS)

KOH is present as electrolyte, in very dilute form, which essentially functions as ion
conductor. Although water gets consumed on discharge, the change in concentration of
the dilute solution is minimal, and hence cannot be used as an indicator of state of charge.
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Whilst lead-acid system has overwhelmingly dominated the

industrial application worldwide, the nickel-cadmium system too,
has served niche applications because of a few of its intrinsic
characteristics which suit such applications very well.

Some of these are:

Excellent charge-discharge cycling capability
Excellent recovery from deep discharge
Compact, low weight
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22

The Lead-Acid Technology

The lead acid battery comes in two basic configurations;
a. The Flooded Electrolyte version
Towards the end of charge, a large part of the energy supplied
to the cell is dissipated in breaking of water and evolution of
gases, oxygen and hydrogen at the positive and negative
electrodes respectively.
This loss of water through electrolysis is unavoidable and hence
replenishment has to be made periodically to ensure life as well
as performance of the product.
The rate of loss of water is a function of grid alloys, charging
voltages, temperature, age of battery.
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The Lead-Acid Technology

b. The sealed Maintenance Free version. This is more popularly
known as Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) battery
This again comes in two basic forms:
** The absorptive glass mat (AGM) technology
** The Gel technology with flat or tubular plates.
In essence, the oxygen gas liberated inside a lead-acid cell
diffuses towards the negative electrode and recombines to
reform water. There is no net depletion of water and
hence these versions are popularly known as maintenance
free batteries.
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Battery Capacity
Expressed in ampere hour(AH)
Duration of discharge-10 hr for Plante/5 hr for NiCd
End cell voltage-1.85 volt for Lead acid plante/1.0
volt for Ni-Cd
Ambient temperature-27 deg cent.
Electrolyte specific gravity-1.2+-.005 lead acid
plante cells

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SELECTION OF BATTERY
TYPE IN POWER PLANT
Power plant batteries standby duty require high discharge
performance with continuously connected on float mode operation.
Expected Life of lead acid tubular is of the order of 8-10 years so in
a power plant life of 25 years minimum two replacement would be
required.
Lead acid PLANTE and Ni-Cd (alkaline) have expected life of 15-20
years hence only one replacement would be required in whole plant
life.
In addition lead acid plante have much better discharge
performance than tubular type for the specified emergency duration.
In view of above plante type lead acid or Ni-Cd high discharge
batteries are specified for power plant applications.
Wherever there is space constraints VRLA batteries may be an
option however this has also expected life of 8-10 years.
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THANK YOU

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