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dt 0
t
=
dt t 0
X 2 dVrms
/ 1
3
t 0Vrms dt 0
2013 SEG
SEG Houston 2013 Annual Meeting
= 1 + 2 /(1 2 ), (1)
1
2
(1 4S max
( 2 + ) + 1)
2
2 2 S max
( 0 and >
2
4
2
S max
+ S max
S max
2
2S max
) (2)
2
X mute = V rms t 0 S max
1 ( = 0)
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0582.1
Page 171
NMO stretch
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Figure 2 Mute offsets for Region 1 as function of zero-offset time (left) and depth (right). Curves labeled "new" are computed using equation 2
with 0, whereas curves labeled old are computed using equation 2 with = 0. Curves labeled AVO represent offsets corresponding to a
given incidence angle (30 or 40). The stretch factor used for the old and new curves equals 1 / cos i, where i = 30 or 40, i.e., S 1.15 or
1.30.
2013 SEG
SEG Houston 2013 Annual Meeting
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0582.1
Page 172
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NMO stretch
constant offset trace density as a function of offset
(corresponding to a 2D offset distribution) and for an offset
trace density that increases linearly with offset (as in wideazimuth 3D offset distributions).
The wavenumber corresponding to each shot/receiver pair
is reduced by cos i. The stretch factor in equation 1 is a
good approximation of 1/cos i; therefore, to compute the
effect of the mix of all offsets on wavenumbers or
resolution, the average should be computed of 1/S for
ranging from 0 to max. For 2D data the average stretch
factor S2Davg follows from
S 2 Davg =
2 max
2
max 1 + max
+ (2 + )arcsinh ( max )
(3)
2
max
2(1 + 1 +
2
max
2
2
(2 + (2 + max
) 1 + max
) / 3)
(4)
(5)
and
S3Davg 1 + x/2
(6)
2013 SEG
SEG Houston 2013 Annual Meeting
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0582.1
Page 173
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NMO stretch
might be used as a guideline to choose maximum offset.
However, this only applies in case the data are to be used
just for structural interpretation.
2013 SEG
SEG Houston 2013 Annual Meeting
Conclusions
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0582.1
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0582.1
EDITED REFERENCES
Note: This reference list is a copy-edited version of the reference list submitted by the author. Reference lists for the 2013
SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts have been copy edited so that references provided with the online metadata for
each paper will achieve a high degree of linking to cited sources that appear on the Web.
REFERENCES
Levin, S. A., 1998, Resolution in seismic imaging: Is it all a matter of perspective?: Geophysics, 63, 743
749, http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444374.
Vermeer, G.J.O., 1990, Seismic wavefield sampling: SEG.
Vermeer, G.J.O., 2012, 3D seismic survey design, 2nd ed: SEG.
2013 SEG
SEG Houston 2013 Annual Meeting
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0582.1
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