Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
1.0 OBJECTIVE
1.1
The objective of this procedure is to identify and execute inspection of
materials, process of inspection & testing and commissioning of equipment.
2.0
SCOPE
2.1
This procedure covers quality control of materials, workmanship and testing
for the following but not limited to;
3.0
DEFINITION OF TERMS
3.1
Construction Manager (CM)
Refers to the group of engineers or the
Project Management Team (PMT) that represents the Owner
3.2
For Construction Drawings (FCD)
Refers to the plans, drawings or
details issued by the owner intended for construction implementation.
3.3
Owner-
3.4
MEP Refers to the mechanical, electrical, plumbing and fire protection
works of a project.
3.5
Project Team -
4.0
REFERENCE PROCEDURES
4.1
Contact Specifications
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Turnover Procedure
4.6
4.7
5.0
5.1
All CQC Engineers or the CQC Team are authorized to inspect all works or
materials and if found non-conforming to the standards or project specifications
they shall record their judgments in the Non-Compliance Report Form.
6.0
PRODECURE
6.1
Approval of Material
6.1.2 Proposed suppliers or subcontractors shall submit to the CQC Team samples,
product data, brochures shop drawings, company profile or any pertinent
documents needed as per Submittal Status Log. The Project Team may request
support from Procurement Department in solicitation of required submittals.
6.1.3 Material Submittals shall be prepared by the Site Document Controller and be
signed by the CQC Head / CQC Engineer and the Subcontractor.
6.1.4 The Material Submittals shall be forwarded to the Owners representative for
approval.
6.1.5 Once approved, a copy of the Material Submittals or any relevant documents
shall be transmitted to the Procurement Department.
6.1.6 The CQC Head / CQC Engineer shall provide all necessary attachments to
ensure that enough information are forwarded to respective suppliers /
subcontractors and Procurement Department.
6.1.7 The suppliers / subcontractors shall provide delivery schedule for proper
monitoring of supplies and testing schedule, if any.
6.1.8 The Site Document Controller shall update the Submittal Status Log every
last Friday of the month.
6.1.9 When Plant visit is required in the contract or when requested by the Owner,
the Field Engineer shall submit a Notice of Inspection (NOI) to the CQC Head / CQC
Engineer and Owners representative at least 24 hours prior to the scheduled date
of plant visit.
6.2
6.2.1 All materials and equipment to be delivered on site shall conform to the
approved Material Submittals or samples.
6.2.2 Material Delivery Receiving Report (MDRR) shall be duly accomplished and
signed jointly by the supplier / subcontractor and CQC Engineer.
6.2.3 Materials shall not be inspected or received by the CQC Engineer unless the
approved standard and the person carrying out the quality checklist are available.
6.2.4 If non-conforming materials are found, MDRR shall be filled out by the CQC
Engineer and forwarded it to the supplier/subcontractor, CQC head, Project InCharge (PIC) and Procurement Department. Non-conforming materials shall be
removed from site and or marked REJECT to avoid use in the work.
6.2.56.2.4
Quality check of delivered materials shall cover but not limited to;
(1)
(2)
(3)
When there is doubt on the conformity of any materials, the Head Office
Engineer and CQC Head shall determine compliance with specification.
(4)
When materials are received on behalf of the subcontractors, they shall be
marked NOT CHECKED FOR QUALITY OR DAMAGE. The sub-contractor shall
remain responsible for their own material control.
6.2.96.2.8
6.3
6.3.1 The works shall be carried out in accordance with the approved shop
drawings, FCD and specifications, work instructions or approved method statement,
Project Quality Control Plan and construction works implementation.
6.3.2 Inspection and testing shall be performed in accordance with the Project
Quality Control Plan under the direction of the CQC Head or his designated
alternate.
6.3.4 Work Inspection shall be done by the CQC Engineer and ensure that all
procedures shall conform to the specifications, work instructions or approved
methodology but not limited to;
(1)
Pre-Construction Activities
1)
Before establishing the critical corners of the work points of the building, the
Project Team shall verify the given coordinates and elevations (reference points and
benchmarks) shown in the drawings or as furnished by the Owner. This is in addition
to making spot checks on existing grade elevation.
2)
In case errors are discovered, the Owner shall be notified immediately and
shall wait for further instructions from the Owner before proceeding with any work.
3)
If the survey data shown in the drawings are correct and the baseline is
established by the Project Team, it shall be presented to the Owner for approval.
4)
The critical corners or work points shall be laid out and additional reference
points and benchmarks shall be established at strategic locations away from being
disturbed.
5)
These reference points and benchmarks shall be used for checking purposes.
(2)
Site Preparation
1)
Check final layout of the work for conformance with the drawings and
specifications and prior to back-filling operations.
2)
3)
4)
Check for the removal of heavy growth of grass, rubbish and other unsuitable
material before placing fill.
5)
Check optimum moisture of the fill material if it is being attained and
uniformly distributed. Fill is laid, spread and compacted in conformance with the
specified lift thickness.
(3)
Excavation / Foundation
1)
2)
3)
Verify if plans or specification requires and Field Density Testing where the
Engineers Inspection approval is required.
4)
When FDT is required, submit method statement for Field Density Testing.
tTake sample from the compacted area excavation for laboratory on site
compaction test.
5)
Compaction test shall be done based on the project specifications or ASTM
Standard.
6)
Check provisions requirements for sanitary, plumbing, electrical grounding or
any other embedments;
7)
If excavation is to be done on previously constructed area, verify existing
embedded items as per As built drawings are still needed. Otherwise consult with
structural designer if existing structure needs to be removed.
8)
Pipes and conduits to be laid must follow the color-coding scheme indicated
in the plans or governing specifications.
9)
All plastic, reinforced concrete pipes (RC pipes), fiber and steel pipes shall be
subjected to preliminary testing prior to backfilling.
10)
Inverted elevation must be thoroughly checked prior and after to laying of
any pipes, trenches or box culverts.
11)
Check for any requirements of gravel bedding, lean concrete, vapor barrier
and soil poisoning.
12)
Prior to placing of form sidings, verify for any pipe sleeve requirements.
13)
Check installed rebars if they conform to the approved rebar cutting list or
FCD.
1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Concrete cover
(g)
13)(h) Adequate number of tie wire as not to displace the rebar during concrete
pouring.
14)
Monitor the concrete delivered for compliance with slump requirement and
air content and concrete strength requirement.
15)
Minimum Number of concrete test samples will be based on the contract
specification requirements or as per required by ACI 318 code.
16)
Monitor curing application for 7 consecutive days after concrete placement in
accordance with the approved methods of curing. Proper attention shall be given for
hot weather condition to prevent excessive concrete temperature or water
evaporation that may impair required strength or serviceability of the member or
structure.
17)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Pile Integrity
(4)
Column-Footing FOUNDATION???
1)
2)
Check for requirements of gravel bedding, lean concrete and soil poisoning.
3)
Check installed rebars if they conform to the approved rebar cutting list or
FCD.
4)
Monitor the concrete delivered for compliance with slump and concrete
strength requirements. and air content.
5)
Minimum Nnumber of concrete test samples will be based on the contract
specification requirements or as per required by ACI 318 code.
6)
Monitor curing application for 7 consecutive days after concrete placement in
accordance with approved methods of curing. Proper attention shall be given for hot
weather condition to prevent excessive concrete temperature or water evaporation
that may impair required strength or serviceability of the member or structure.
(5)
1)2) CQC Survey Team to check centerlines and layout based on established
gridlines or reference lines.
2)3) Check installed rebars if they conform to the approved rebar cutting list or
FCD.
3)4)
(n)
Concrete cover
(o)
(p)
Adequate number of tie wire as not to displace the rebar during concrete
pouring.
4)5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Water Tightness of joints and seams to prevent loss of grout or mortar from
the concrete.
(e)
(f)
Installation of block-outs, pipe sleeves and embedments such as post tension
duct, anchor bolts and dowels.
(f)
Installation of adequate and correct size of concrete spacers to ensure correct
concrete cover.
(g)
6)
Check the rigidity and stability of the form supports or scaffolding. Provide tie
rods in case scaffolding are not feasible.
7)
Check if the top level of concrete to be poured conform to the approved lift
height and appropriately marked on the form for reference of the concreting crew.
5)8) Monitor the concrete delivered for compliance with slump and and concrete
strength requirements.air content.
9)
Minimum Nnumber of concrete test samples will be based on the contract
specification requirements or as required by ACI 318.
10)
Check if the poured concrete top level has attained the correct height
elevation and has a horizontal level concrete surface.
6)11) Roughen the concrete surface while the concrete is still plastic in preparation
for the next lift.
7)12) Monitor curing application for 7 consecutive days after concrete placement in
accordance with approved methods of curing. Proper attention shall be given for hot
weather condition to prevent excessive concrete temperature or water evaporation
that may impair required strength or serviceability of the member or structure.
(6)
1)
CQC Survey Team to check elevation of bottom slabs. Provide camber as
required by the specification or by the NSCP code.
2)
Check for any blackoutsblockouts, pipe penetrations, dowel requirements and
slab depression.
3)
Check installed rebars if they conform to the approved rebar cutting list or
FCD.
4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Concrete cover
(h)
(e)(i) Adequate number of tie wire as not to displace the rebar during concrete
pouring.
5)
(a)
(a)(b) Form rigidity, shoring stability and installation of tie rod (if allowed).
(b)(c) Installation and chamfer strips (if required)
(c)(d) Cleaning and form oil-coating to enable easy form stripping.
(d)(e) Water Ttightness of joints and seams
(e)(f) Location of construction/control/expansion joints
(g)
Installation of block-outs and embedments such as conduits, electrical boxes,
anchor bolts and dowels.
(h)
Installation of adequate and correct size of concrete spacers to ensure correct
concrete cover.
(i)
6)
Monitor the concrete delivered for compliance with slump and concrete
strength requirementsair content.
7)
Minimum Nnumber of concrete test samples will be based on the contract
specification requirements or as per required by ACI 318as indicated.
7)8) Survey team will monitor and check top elevation of poured concrete (while
the concrete is still plastic) if conforms to the plans structural elevation finish
elevation.
8)9) Monitor curing application for 7 consecutive days after concrete placement in
accordance with the approved methods of curing. Proper attention shall be given for
hot weather condition to prevent excessive concrete temperature or water
evaporation that may impair required strength or serviceability of the member or
structure.
(7)
1)
Structural Steel
Survey and verify if the erected steel is plumb, square and accurate.
2)
Inspect welds throughout the project. Witness or test critical welds as
indicated in the plans.
3)
4)
Power wrenched and statistically sample bolt torque should be calibrated
throughout the project. Expiration of equipment Calibration shall be based on the
submitted schedule calibration certificate by the subcontractor.
5)
Subcontractors shall furnish the following data for the Consultants approval;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(8)
Concrete
1)
Review plans and specification and notesubmit for approval and monitor
requirements for submittals, design mix for every strength of concrete to be used
for the project, formwork design, sampling procedures, third party testing company
and curing methods.
2)
Perform three-phase control and in-progress construction activities such as
checking of the following;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
3)
Check locations, dimensions and grade of foundations, verify conditions of
subgrade and correct deficiencies if any, prior to concreting of grade slabs.
3)4) Perform compaction and testing as required prior to application of soil
poisoning, gravel bedding, lean concrete or vapor barrier (if required by
specification)
4)5) Accomplish Concrete Pouring Request (CPR) for approval prior to pouring.
Correct conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of concreting
work.
5)6) Identifying floor areas, structural finish elevation and check floor finishes
required.
8)
Conduct slump test on the first load of concrete and subsequent deliveries as
often as necessary to confirm visual checks on the workability of the concrete (as
per procedure in ASTM C31). Follow specification requirement for slump, if not given
follow 6 to 8 inches slump.
7)9)
Concrete sampling
(a)
The ACI Code requires that Gather one (1) set of samples at the middle of the
batch consisting of miminum five (5) concrete cylinders must be taken for every 150
cubic yards (114.68 cu.m.)120 cum poured or 5000 sq.ft. (464.52 sq.m.)500 sqm of
surface area of slab and wall covered whichever is greater.
(b)
Two (2) set of samples shall be taken for the same amount of concrete placed
as stated above when pumping concrete.
(c)
The above samples shall be properly cured and handled until the day of
testing. for testing at 5 or 7 days (1 cycle), 28 days (2 cycles) and two (2) spare
cylinders for re-test if necessary, (56 days for mixes with fly ash).
(d)(b)
(e)(c) However, the project structural specifications for concrete sampling and
testing shall govern.
(9)
1)
During removal of forms, ensure care is being taken to assure that concrete is
sufficiently hard and strong. After placing concrete, forms shall remain in place for
the minimum number of days as specified in the specification. The earliest will be
after 4 days where concrete is expected to reach 60% of the design strength and
there exist adequate permanent undisturbed shorings.
2)
Use methodology of Stripping of Forms, which will avoid spalling, chipping
and gouging of concrete; and in accordance with safety practices.
3)
(a)
Thoroughly wetted areas shall include forms containing concrete, top of
concrete, between forms and exposed surfaces after stripping or removal of forms.
(b)
Perform wetting continuously between the hours of 6:00 am and sunsets of
each day, including weekend and holidays for the first seven (7) days and not less
than three (3) times daily for the three (3) remaining days.
(c)
(10)
1)
Check masonry dimensions against existing foundations and structural
framing. Correct conditions that will impede the progress of work.
2)
3)
Checking of finished walls against defects and subsequent corrective action is
taken including removal of mortar droppings.
(11)
Carpentry
1)
Check millworks against specifications and details of shop drawings and/or
contract drawings. Ensure required samples and others shall conform with the
specifications.
2)
Check special treatment for plywood and lumber (fire retardant and wood
preservative).
3)
Check wood framing/blocking for accuracy of line, level, fabrication and
fitting, including connections and methods of securing all members.
4)
Check seatings or planks against specification requirements for types of
materials, thickness, width and length.
5)
Check provisions for temporary protection and enclosure required by job
conditions.
(12)
1)
Review approved Manufacturer's installation procedures with detail drawings
showing proposed construction and including the shop drawings for bituminous
2)
Inspect the roof deck for dryness, smoothness, firmness and dirt free of
projections and foreign materials.
3)
Protect roof drains and vent intake during roofing operations. Check for
proper drainage at other times.
4)
Ensure roofing asphalt is applied within temperature limitations and that
insulation and built-up roofing are applied in accordance with the manufacturer's
instruction and procedures as approved by Engineer/Owner.
5)
Check method of installing roofing at cant strips, on vertical surfaces and in
reglets.
6)
Check methods of transporting and storing aggregate on roof to ensure felt
and flashing have not been damaged and to prevent excessive loading on roof in
localized areas.
7)
Ensure that all flashings, downspouts, gravel stops, fasciae, splash pans
scuppers, pitch pockets, roof hatches and other metal items are fabricated and/or
installed in accordance with the drawings and specifications.
8)
Ensure that drains and vents are unplugged. Clean fasciae, parapets, copping
gutters.
9)
Submit test cuts as required by the contract or Owner for testing. Ensure that
all joints to receive sealant are dry, sound, clean and dust free. Cleaning and
surface preparation shall be as specified.
10)
Check that the application of primer, back up material, bond breaker and
sealant is being done in accordance with the approved manufacturer's instruction
and procedures.
(13)
Application of Waterproofing
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
(14)
Installation of Drywall
1)
2)
3)
4)
(15)
1)
2)
3)
4)
(16)
1)
Examine the areas and conditions under which all finishing works will be
performed. Unsatisfactory conditions, if any, shall be corrected before work will
proceed.
2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
Field painting
(n)
(o)
(p)
Carefully coordinate with other trades to ensure proper and adequate
interface to the work and to preclude unnecessary re-work.
(q)
3)
Ensure that newly finished surfaces are adequately protected until final
completion of the project.
4)
Perform final cleaning of finished surfaces in accordance with approved
methods and/or as specified.
(17)
1)
2)
Observe the initial installation of each items of work being done. The works
must be performed by skilled mechanics that are familiar with the manufacturer's
installation procedures, shop drawings and contract requirements.
3)
Check the alignments of each items and ensure that it is plumb, square and
level.
4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Glazing operation
(18)
Metals
1)
Review approved shop drawings and manufacturer's recommended
installation procedures.
2)
Conduct off-site fabrication inspection prior to delivery to site. Check
materials brought on site for conformance with approved sample and/or descriptive
date. Handling of steel should be done in such a way as to prevent distortion or
damage during unloading and storage.
3)
Check daily to ensure alignment, plumbness and levelness of metal and steel
members.
4)
Ensure that runner tracks, stiffeners, bridging and accessories are provided
and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
5)
Monitor the erection to ensure that all steel members, bolts, anchors and
other fastening devices are installed in accordance with the drawings and
specifications.
6)
7)
Check surface preparation for conformance with project specifications prior to
shop painting.
8)
Review plans and specifications and check application requirements and
limitations.
9)
Prepared surface of the marl base shall be cleaned using suitable equipment
and free of foreign materials or free of water prior to application of prime coat.
10)
Check temperature and weather outlook to be certain that the bitumen will
be applied in accordance with specified weather limitations.
11)
Check the amount of primer applied and ensure that surface voids of base
courses are completely sealed without any surplus remaining on the surface after
the curing period. Take prompt corrective actions in the event of unsatisfactory
distribution.
12)
Check that adequate protection are provided to keep bitumen off from posts,
guardrails, and other roadside structures during spreading operations.
13)
Check to ensure that the bitumen have adequately cured in the minimum
required time or whether additional time is necessary for proper curing.
14)
Ensure that primed areas are properly protected prior to and during paving
operations.
(19)
1)
Electrical Works
(a)
Check sizes and type of conduits if they conform to the specifications and
approved material submittals
(b)
(c)
(d)
2)
Wiring Works
(a)
Check for the type and size of wires if they conform with the specifications
and approved material submittals.
(b)
(c)
(d)
3)
(a)
Check if the installation method conforms to the specifications and approved
methodology.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Commence with the testing and commissioning of the equipment using the
approved methodology.
(f)
Commence with the termination and energization of the equipment using the
approved methodology.
4)
(a)
Check the deliveries if they conform to the specifications and approved
material submittals.
(b)
Check for its correct location and mounting height as per FCD.
(c)
(d)
Commence with the testing and commissioning of the equipment using the
approved methodology.
5)
(a)
Check the deliveries if they conform to the specification and approved
material submittals.
(b)
Check for its correct location and mounting height as per FCD.
(c)
(d)
Commence with the testing and commissioning of the equipment using the
approved methodology.
6)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Commence with the testing and commissioning of the equipment using the
approved methodology.
7)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Low voltage switch gear and ATS cable tray interconnection, cabling and
termination
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
8)
(a)
Roughing-in works
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(20)
1)
Mechanical Works
(a)
Materials check
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Accessories
(f)
Insulation
(g)
Air Terminals
(h)
2)
(a)
Materials check
(b)
(c)
(d)
Insulation
3)
FCU/ACCU
(a)
Equipment Check
(b)
Location Checking
(c)
Support/Alignment
(d)
Piping Hook-up
(e)
Electrical conduits/wires
(f)
(g)
4)
Ventilation Fans
(a)
Equipment Check
(b)
Location Checking
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
MCP
(g)
(h)
17)
1)
(a)
Pipe Sleeving
(b)
Pipe Installation
(c)
Pipe Support
(d)
(e)
Sprinkler heads
2)
(a)
Invert Elevation
(b)
Flushing Test
(c)
Hydrostatic Test
(d)
Leakage Test
(e)
Drainage Test
(f)
(g)
Test optional
3)
Risers/ Mainlines
(a)
Block-outs
(b)
Plumbness
(c)
Painting of pipes
(d)
Flushing Test
(e)
Hydrostatic Test
(f)
Leakage Test
(g)
Drainage Test
4)
(a)
Installation inspection
(b)
(c)
18)
1)
(a)
Material check
(b)
(c)
(d)
Leak test
(e)
Flow test
2)
Pumps
(a)
Equipment check
(b)
Location check
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
MCP
(g)
(h)
3)
Plumbing fixtures
(a)
(b)
Support/ alignment
(c)
Piping hook-up
(d)
Grouting/ caulking
(e)
(f)
4)
Waterline System
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Transfer Pumps
(e)
(f)
(g)
Conduits/wiring
(h)
(i)
(j)
Booster pumps
(k)
Controller
(l)
Conduits/wiring
(m)
(n)
(o)
UV filters
(p)
(q)
5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Catch basis
(d)
Sump pit
6.3.5 When a third party laboratory does the testing, the CQC Engineer shall obtain
advance copy of test results.
6.3.7 All inspection, measuring and test equipment shall be checked or tested at
prescribed intervals as indicated in the Calibration Report.
(1)
All surveying equipment and other inspection, measuring or testing
equipment shall be calibrated and maintained.
(2)
The Calibration Certificates or reports must be issued and filed. The
calibration certificates or reports must be available on site.
(3)
Proprietary equipment such as 3.5m retractable pocket measuring tapes and
spirit levels will not be calibrated.
(4)
When testing is done by Third Party laboratory, calibration certificate shall be
obtained for reference.
(5)
All subcontractors must be required to demonstrate that they are
implementing effective control on their own inspection, measuring and testing
equipment. The CQC engineer shall check and monitor such control through formal
quality inspection to ensure that the control is being effectively implemented.
(6)
Calibrated machine shall be properly labeled, indicating date of calibration,
the schedule of next calibration, and agency conducting the calibration.
(7)
When labeling is not applicable, data must be available anytime for
reference.
6.3.9 All calibrated and checked equipment must be identified with suitable
indicator to show calibration status. Label to include equipment number, next
calibration date and deviated error. If labeling is not practical, identification record
of the equipment must be available.
6.3.13Monitoring of results shall include the following but not limited to;
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
6.4
Equipment Commissioning
6.4.1 Testing is an extremely important part of CQC. If tests are not performed
properly, many construction procedures cannot be confirmed as adequate. Visual
observation alone is insufficient. Refer to Testing Submission for testing
requirements.
Procedures
(a)
The Contractor is required to provide a list of required tests and specify
whether the test are to be performed by an independent, approved testing
laboratory or through the use of his approved personnel and facilities.
(b)
Regardless of which method of testing the Contractor uses, he is required to
assure specified laboratory procedures are used in accordance with the Contract
Specifications.
(c)
All test equipment and measuring devices shall be of the proper type, range
and accuracy, and must be calibrated and meet the tolerances required in
compliance with the test criteria. All equipment and devices shall be properly
calibrated adjusted and maintained in accordance with acceptable standards.
(d)
Certificates of Calibration must be kept on file as required. Certificates shall
show the date of last calibration, and the due date of the next calibration. All such
certificates shall be available to the Engineer for review at his request.
(e)
In case of testing by Third party Laboratory, Calibration certificate shall be
obtained for the record.
6.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, the CQC group shall arrange for factory / field test
when they are required under the contract.
6.4.3 CQC inspectors shall direct, witness and document the conduct and result of
this test. Field test shall be re-done after required replacement for re-work is
accomplished. Successful test shall be documented as such, and the tested item of
work certified by the inspector, and in turn by the CQC Head. The Owner shall be
notified at least 24 hours in advance on any test in order that he may witness the
conduct of the test.
7.0
FORMS
7.1
7.2
Drawing Registry
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
Non-Compliance Report
7.7
Notice of Inspection
7.8
Notice of Testing/Sampling
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
Excavation
1.
Verify with the owner if the elevation reference on site conforms to the
elevation reference on plan.
2.
Survey existing surrounding structures elevation and current structure
defects and have it noted by the owner of the structure or administration officer for
future reference. This is important to negate future adverse claim due to the
construction works.
3.
Study the type of soil in the vicinity. Verify if the soil can hold steep slope
excavation. If not provide adequate slope protection measures.
4.
5.
Excavate to the required depth considering the thickness of the gravel
bedding or lean concrete.