Art of Walking

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M
ART AN D DE S IG N K EY STAG E 3
T H E A R T O F WA LK I N G
LON DON ART AN D AR CH ITECTU R E:
A LON DON CU R R ICU LU M P R I M E R
LO N D O N C U R R I C U LU M
P LAC I N G LO N D O N AT TH E H E ART O F LE AR N I N G
The capital is the home of innovations, events, institutions and
great works that have extended the scope of every subject on the
school curriculum. London lends itself to learning unlike anywhere
else in the world. The London Curriculum aims to bring the national
curriculum to life inspired by the city, its people, places and heritage.
To find out about the full range of free resources and events
available to London secondary schools at key stage 3 please
go to www.london.gov.uk/london-curriculum.
Art and design in the London Curriculum
London is an international hub of art, home to thousands of artists and a buzzing
network of galleries, art dealers and colleges. London Curriculum art teaching
resources aim to support teachers in helping their students to:
DISCOVE R the art and architecture of London past and present, and how
they reflect and shape the citys story
EXPLOR E the galleries, public art and cultural quarters of the city
CON N ECT learning inside and outside the classroom to develop their own
creative work, inspired by the city and applying ideas generated by the art
and design they studied.

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
C O NTE NT S
LO N D O N A R C H I T E CT U R E: AN OVE R V I E W
A R E A S TO E X P LO R E
I N T R O D U CTI O N
2
Kensington and Chelsea
London architecture timeline

Londons architects
4
12
Snapshots of key landmarks

Maps
16
17
18
29
Kings Cross, Fitzrovia and Bloomsbury
31

Maps
32
Skyscrapers and Bank
57

Maps
58
St Pauls and the river
84

Maps
85
56
83
110
Trafalgar Square, Westminster and the Strand 111

Maps
Glossary
Credits
112
131
132

143

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
LO N D ON AR CH ITECTU R E:
AN OVE RVI E W
I N T R O D U CT I O N
The London Curriculum aims to draw on the capital
city as a uniquely rich and concrete context to inspire
learning at key stage 3. The art of walking, a London
Curriculum art and design unit, explores the built
environment a natural focus for learning in one
of the most architecturally exciting cities in the world.
This primer has been developed, in partnership with
Open City, to support the unit. It provides a guide
to the movements and architects that have shaped
the city, snapshots of the landmarks in some of the
most architecturally interesting areas of London and
a glossary of terms.

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
AN OVE RVI E W
I N T R O D U CT I O N
Using London architecture and public art when
teaching the Art of walking
The content of this primer supports the Art of walking
learning activities in the following ways:
The London architecture timeline captures the key
features of architectural styles and movements, drawing
on London examples. This can be used by students to
explore the design of Londons buildings throughout the
unit as indicated in the lesson plans.
Londons architects provides short biographies of some
of the men and women who have helped to shape
Londons built environment, and a number of the buildings
that feature in the Art of walking. References to the
architects behind Londons landmarks can be made as
appropriate as students study and explore the buildings.
Areas to explore introduces five architecturally interesting

areas of London. You will need to select one of these
areas in advance when teaching the Art of walking, which
will then become the focus of the units lessons and
class visit. The following resources are provided for each
of the Areas to explore:
A short introduction to the area and its architectural

significance.
Snapshots (image and key facts) of some of the
significant buildings and works of art in the area.
These are used in the lessons as indicated in the
Art of Walking lesson plans.
A map showing the location of the key buildings and
works of art in each area. Again used in the lessons
as indicated.
The Glossary provides definitions of each of the

architectural and technical words highlighted in pink
in the lesson plans.
LO N D O N A R C H IT E CT U R E
TI M E LI N E
A pictorial introduction to the key architectural styles
and movements that have helped shape the design
of Londons buildings.
T I T LE PAG E

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
AN OVE RVI E W
N O R MA N 11th12th century
G OTH I C 12th16th century

Gothic windows
carved patterns
in stone
battlements
Early English
11901300
semicircular
arch
buttress
rose
window
tracery:
stone-work
that supports
the glass
flying
buttress
pinnacle
Decorated
12501400
massive
cylindrical
columns
round
topped
window
Perpendicular
13501500
Cusped
arch
pointed
arch
KEY FEATURES: massiveness, thick flat walls, roundness
KEY SHAPES: pointed arch, narrow triangles

KEY MATERIALS: stone
KEY FEATURES: pointed arches, flying butresses, large windows, rib vaults,
elaborate decoration, gargoyle
KEY BUILDING: The White Tower, Tower of London
KEY BUILDING: Westminster Abbey
KEY SHAPES: semi-circle, cylinder


K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
T U D O R 1485 1603
AN OVE RVI E W
J AC O B E A N 16031625
black timber beams

with plaster panels
inbetween
Banqueting House was one

of the first buildings in
England to be influenced
by Italian Renaissance
architecture Indigo Jones,
the architect had studied
in Italy for some years. The
buildings strict classical
details would have looked
alien to Londoners.
Renaissance
balustrade forms
the parapet
bay window
(sticks out from
building)
parapet
(hides the roof)
pier
rusticated
stone blocks
KEY SHAPES: triangles, rectangles

KEY MATERIALS: timber, plaster
KEY FEATURES: timber frame, black & white stripe, upper floors stick out
beyond ground floor
KEY SHAPES: rectangles

KEY FEATURES: classical detail, symmetry
KEY BUILDING: Staple Inn
KEY BUILDING: Banqueting House
regularly spaced
columns along front

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
AN OVE RVI E W
E N G LI S H B A R OQ U E 17th18th century
lantern
Sir Christopher Wren
dome
carved
decoration
pediment
p ier
classical
column
Window opening
supported by piers
and pediment
KEY SHAPES: rectangles, triangles

KEY FEATURES: columns, dome, pediment, lantern
KEY BUILDING: Royal Hospital Chelsea
KEY BUILDING: St Pauls Cathedral

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
AN OVE RVI E W
N E O - C L A S S I C A L 18th19th century
G E O R G IA N 1714 18 2 0
The Georgians developed the terraced house and the garden square.
Typical
front door
parapet
Fan light (window

above door)
sash
windows
dome
pediment
parapet
series of columns
identify entrance
4
pier
3
storeys
railings
1
rustication
piano noble:
Most important rooms placed
on first floor, therefore usually
higher than other floors, with
taller windows.
2
bays
KEY SHAPES: rectangles, semi-circles

KEY MATERIALS: brick, stone, wrought iron
KEY FEATURES: classical proportion, piano noble

KEY TERRACES: Bedford Square, Fitzroy Square
examples
of classical
columns
KEY SHAPES: rectangles, triangles, semi-circles
KEY MATERIALS: stone (Portland)
KEY FEATURES: use of columns, repetition of elements such as windows,
reference to classical architechture (Roman and Ancient Greece),
symmetry, proportion
KEY BUILDING: Somerset House

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
AN OVE RVI E W
M O D E R N I ST 1930s 1950s
G OTH I C R E VI VAL 19 t h ce n t ury

A style of architecture
copying the forms of
medieval church architecture
using Victorian engineering
and materials.
Architects no longer
wanted to look to the
past for inspiration.
spire
pinnacle
arched
windows
turret
K E Y B U I LD I N G : Peter Jones Department Store
KEY SHAPES: pointed arch, narrow triangle

KEY MATERIALS: stone, brick, iron metalwork
KEY FEATURES: a mix of materials, vertical emphasis, rich colours
& decoration, irregular appearance
KEY SHAPES: cubes, cylinders, thin long rectangles, gentle curves

KEY MATERIALS: concrete often painted white, steel
KEY FEATURES: metal window frames, minimal or no decoration, flat roofs,
asymmetrical forms, cylindrical columns
KEY BUILDING: St Pancras Renasissance Hotel
KEY BUILDING: R o y a l Fe s t i v a l H a l l

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
B R UTA LI ST 1950s1970s
AN OVE RVI E W
10
H I G H TE C H 1940s 1980s
large concrete
form expresses
theatre flytower
The inside-out buildings

pipes on the
outside
stairs on the
outside
Small windows in
relation to other
building parts
KEY SHAPES: large geometric forms, long thin rectangle

KEY MATERIALS: rough textured concrete
KEY FEATURES: massive concrete forms, small windows, geometric shapes
often express buildings function
KEY SHAPES: cubes, cylinders, triangles

KEY MATERIALS: steel, glass
KEY FEATURES: expressed structure, pipeworks, stairs, lifts on the outside
and often brightly coloured, looks lightweight, factory like
KEY BUILDING: The National Theatre
KEY BUILDING: Lloyds of London

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
P O ST M O D E R N 1970s1980s
Architects started to refer
back to styles from the past
AN OVE RVI E W
11
C O N TE M P O R A RY 21s t c ent u ry
Compter aided design allows for large unusual
shaped buildings usually all glass facades
K E Y B U I LD I N G : Th e Wa l k i e Ta l k i e
K E Y B U I LD I N G : Th e G e r k i n
K E Y B U I LD I N G : Th e C h e e s e G r a t e r
KEY SHAPES: circles, semi-circles, triangles
KEY MATERIALS: stone, brick, glass, metal
KEY FEATURES: over-sized decorated forms, often classsical, lots of different
shapes and materials, bright colours
K E Y B U I LD I N G: No 1 Poult ry
KEY MATERIALS: glass, steel

KEY FEATURES: large unusual object shapes
LO N D O N S AR C H I T E CT S
An introduction to the lives of some of the people who have
designed the buildings of the capital, from the aftermath of the
Great Fire of London to the London Olympics and Paralympics.
T I T LE PAG E

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
AN OVE RVI E W
13
A RT O F WALK I N G
A R C H I TE CT B I O G R AP H I E S
Sir Christopher Wren (16321723)
Wren is arguably Englands greatest
architect, yet until the age of 30 he was
engrossed in scientific studies and in 1657
was made a Professor of Astronomy. His
career took a new turn when he studied
architecture in France in 16656 and after
the Great Fire in 1666 he was appointed
one of the surveyors to rebuild the city. He
SI R C H R ISTOPH E R WR E N, 1711
Sir Godfrey Knell, Bt National Portrait Gallery, London
was put in charge of constructing churches

in a series of varied and daringly original
designs to replace those lost. He is most
famously known as the architect of the new
St Pauls Cathedral, a unique combination
of classical and Baroque forms that had
never been seen before in England. He lived
to see its completion in 1709.
Sir William Chambers (172396)

Chambers was a man with an international
background: he was born in Sweden, the
son of a Scottish merchant, and aged 16
joined the Swedish East India Company and
travelled to India and China. He trained as
an architect in France and Italy and didnt
settle in England until 1755. Chambers
became one of the best-known architects
working in the Palladian and Neoclassical
styles, and his designs were influenced by
the buildings he had seen abroad. He held
several official positions including Architect
to the King and so was responsible for
many official buildings of the day, most
importantly Somerset House.
SOM E R SET HOUSE

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
AN OVE RVI E W
14
Sir John Soane (17531837)
Sir George Gilbert Scott (181178)
Alfred Waterhouse (18301905)
Soane is admired as one of Englands most

original architects. The son of a Berkshire
builder, he trained as an architect in England
and then in Italy but his career really only
began when he was appointed Surveyor to
the Bank of England in 1788. He created
some of the most startlingly unusual designs
of the time in the Stock Office and Rotunda
with their extraordinarily plain, simple
forms and shallow domes. His own highly
eccentric house in Lincolns Inn Fields, with
complicated floor levels, clever lighting,
Gothic arches and huge collection of
objects, is now known as Sir John Soanes
Museum and is a fascinating visit today.
Scott was the son of a clergyman and

is most associated with church designs
and restoring a huge number of medieval
cathedrals and churches in England,
although he began his career by designing
workhouses. He was made the Surveyor of
Westminster Abbey in 1849. He worked in
the Gothic style and even wrote a book to
prove that this style was as suited to nonreligious buildings as it was for churches.
He put this theory into practice in the
magnificent Gothic Revival forms of
St Pancras Station Hotel.
Waterhouse began practising as an

architect in Manchester in 1856, where
he designed the Town Hall, but moved
to London in the 1860s. He designed
churches, offices, schools and country
houses and was known for working not only
in the Gothic Revival style but also other
historical styles, such as the Romanesque.
The best-known example of this in London
is the Natural History Museum.
SI R JOH N SOAN E, 1828
ST PANC RAS STATION HOTE L
ALFR E D WATE R HOUSE, 1891
John Jackson, National Portrait Gallery, London
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, National Portrait

Gallery, London

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
AN OVE RVI E W
15
Richard Rogers, Lord Rogers

of Riverside (born 1933)
Norman Foster, Lord Foster

of Thames Bank (born 1935)
Zaha Hadid, (born 1950)
Born in Italy, Rogers studied at the

Architectural Association School of
Architecture and at Yale University in the
USA, where he met Norman Foster. They
set up the practice Team 4 and worked in
partnership until 1967. He became known
internationally after designing the Pompidou
Centre in Paris (with Renzo Piano, who later
designed The Shard). This building had a
major impact and made Rogers famous for
designing buildings that put the lifts and
services (pipes and shafts for water, air and
heating) on the outside, leaving the internal
spaces uncluttered and open. He used the
same inside-out principle at the Lloyds of
London Headquarters in London.
Foster is one of the leading architects

working in the High-Tech style. He studied
at the University of Manchester and at Yale
University, and worked in partnership with
Richard Rogers in the practice Team 4 until
1967, when he set up Foster Associates
(now known as Foster and Partners). Foster
gained a reputation for designing elegant
office buildings that use a sophisticated
engineering approach. The curving forms of
his buildings 30 St Mary Axe and City Hall
are among the most striking contemporary
additions to the London skyline.
Zaha Hadid was born in Bagdad, Iraq.

She studied mathematics at the American
University of Beirut, before moving to study
at the Architectural Association School
of Architecture in London. In 2004 she
became the first woman to be awarded
the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize.
Hadids buildings, characterised by their
curving and futuristic forms, can be seen
in cities all around the world. As well as the
Serpentine Sackler Gallery, featured in the
Art of walking, she designed the London
Aquatics Centre for the 2012 Olympic and
Paralympic Games.
LLOYDS OF LON DON H EADQUARTE R S
30 ST MARY AXE
ZAHA HADI D
Brigitte Lacombe
16
AR E AS TO E X P LO R E
Five areas of London in which the capitals architecture
and public art is at its most diverse, iconic or
historically significant:
Kensington and Chelsea

Kings Cross, Fitzrovia and Bloomsbury
Skyscapers and Bank
St Pauls and the River
Trafalgar Square, Westminster and the Strand

K EY STAG E 3
LON DON ART AN D

AR CH ITE CTU R E
17
A R E AS TO E X P LO R E
K E N S I N GTO N A N D C H E LS E A
This area is home to some of Londons
most elegant residential streets and
garden squares, and here embassies,
Royal Parks and exclusive shopping
streets sit side by side. Centred on
Exhibition Road is the famous Victorian
quarter of Albertopolis, with its worldrenowned museums, cultural institutes,
universities and scientific organisations,
all the legacy of the vision of Prince Albert
to create an area of the city dedicated to
science, education and the arts.
Landmarks (see map for location, page 29)

9
Natural History Museum,

Darwin Centre
Former Barkers Department Store
Royal Albert Hall
Prince Consort National Memorial

(The Albert Memorial)
10 Victoria and Albert Museum
Serpentine Gallery
12 Embassy of Denmark
Serpentine Sackler Gallery
13 The Royal Hospital Chelsea
Diana Memorial Fountain
14 Peter Jones Department Store
7 July Memorial
15 Embassy of Czech Republic
Natural History Museum,

Waterhouse Building
16 New Design Museum
11 Exhibition Road
Snapshots (image and key facts) provided

for landmarks in bold.

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
FO R M E R BAR K E R S
D E PA R TM E NT STO R E
MATE R IALS: Stone, bronze
and glass
ST YLE: Art Deco
AR CH ITECT: Bernard George
DATE: 1938/1958
LOCATION: 63 Kensington High
Street, W8 5SE
F E AT U R E S A N D FACTS :
The Art Deco style reflected the

fast and streamlined new means
of travel of the 1920s and 1930s
such as planes and ocean liners.
The tall, thin, glass and stone

towers are like ocean liners
funnels the building seems
to sail into the street.
The building was begun in the

1930s but wasnt completed until
the 1950s because of World
War II.
KE N S I NGTON AN D CH E LS EA
18

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
R OYA L A LB E RT H ALL
MATE R IALS: Red brick, terracotta
and glass
ST YLE: Renaissance Revival
AR CH ITECT: Captain Francis Fowke
and General Henry Y D Scott
DATE: 1871
LOCATION: Kensington Gore, SW7 2AP
The Victorians reinvented

architectural features from the past.
The Albert Hall is based on a Roman
amphitheatre but with a roof.
It was designed as a hall dedicated

to promoting art and science and
named after Prince Albert.
The outside contains 6 million

red bricks and 80,000 blocks
of decorative terracotta.
A critic of the time described it

as a monstrous cross between
the Colosseum, Rome, and a
Yorkshire pie!
19

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
P R I N C E C O N S O RT NAT I O N AL
M E M O R I A L ( T H E M E M O R IAL)
MATE R IALS: Bronze, marble
and stone
ST YLE: Gothic Revival
ARCHITECT: Sir George Gilbert Scott
(architect), John Henry Foley (sculptor)
DATE: 1872
LOCATION: Kensington Gardens
The Memorial commemorates

Albert, Queen Victorias husband,
who died at 42.
The design celebrates Victorian
progress and Alberts interest
in science, industry and the
arts. Around the base there are
187 carvings of artists, poets,
musicians and architects.
Prince Albert was the creative
force behind the Great Exhibition
of 1851. The memorial shows him
holding the exhibition catalogue.
20

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
S E R PE NTI N E
S AC K LE R GALLE RY
MATE R IALS: Glass-fibre fabric,
glass and brick
ST YLE: Neoclassical/Contemporary
AR CH ITECT: Zaha Hadid Architects
DATE: 1805/2013
LOCATION: Kensington Gardens,
W2 2AR
The light modern extension was

designed to complement the solid
classical architecture of the original
Magazine building.
The Magazine was a former

gunpowder store and was last used
to store the Malls flagpoles.
Zaha Hadid also designed the

London Aquatics Centre at the
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.
21

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
NATU R A L H I STO RY M U S E U M ,
WATE R H O U S E B U I LD I N G
MATE R IALS: Terracotta
ST YLE: Victorian
AR CH ITECT: Alfred Waterhouse
DATE: 1880
LOCATION: Cromwell Road,
SW7 5BD
The Museum was designed and

built in the Victorian era to house
the then British Museums growing
collection of animal and plant
specimens from around the world.
Terracotta tiles inside and outside

of the building feature carved
plants and animals.
Terracotta was chosen as it is

both attractive and hardy enough
to resist the industrial pollution of
Victorian London.
22

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
NATU R A L H I STO RY
M U S E U M , DAR W I N C E NT R E
MATE R IALS: Glass and steel
ST YLE: Contemporary
AR CH ITECT: Moller Architects
DATE: 2009
LOCATION: Cromwell Road,
SW7 5BD
The Darwin Centre contains a

giant, eight-storey-high cocoon
providing a state-of-the-art science
and collections facility.
The surface is hand-finished

polished plaster, bound in steel
channels resembling a cocoons
silk threads.
The buildings design allows

visitors to see scientists at work.
23

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
VI CTO R I A AN D ALB E RT
MUSEUM
MATE R IALS: Stone and brick
ST YLE: Victorian/Neo-Classical
AR CH ITECT: Aston Webb
(main building)
DATE: 18571909
LOCATION: Cromwell Road, SW7 2RL
The Museum was founded in 1852,

funded by profits from the Great
Exhibition.
Its aim was and is to make the best

works of art available to all and
to inspire British designers and
manufacturers.
Much of the Victorian design

features medieval and
Renaissance-inspired designs.
The museum houses a collection

of more than 4.5 million objects.
24
10

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
11
E XH I B I TI O N
R OAD
MATE R IALS: Stone and irons
ST YLE: Victorian/contemporary
AR CH ITECT: Dixon Jones
DATE: 20032012
LOCATION: Exhibition Road, SW7
25
Exhibition Road links the museums

and universities of South
Kensington with Hyde Park and
Kensington Gardens.
The original Victorian street, with
heavy traffic and narrow pavements
was not suitable for the millions of
visitors to this area every year.
A new project created Londons
first road shared by pedestrians,
drivers and cyclists, with priority
given to pedestrians.
The diagonal pattern on the road
surface is made by light and dark
pieces of granite.
EXH I B ITION ROAD
Olivia Woodhouse

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
E M B AS SY
O F D E N MAR K
MATE R IALS: Steel and concrete
ST YLE: Functionalist
AR CH ITECT: Arne Jacobsen
DATE: 1977
LOCATION: 55 Sloane Street,
SW1X 9SR
This bold modern building was

designed to fit with the traditional
houses on either side.
The buildings five bays are equal

to the widths of the houses. The
top of the building is set back at
the same height as the roofs of
the houses.
The architect also wanted the

outside to be a pale sandy colour to
fit with the neighbouring buildings.
The ground floor has no windows

for security reasons.
26
12

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
TH E R OYAL H O S P ITAL
CH E LS EA
MATE R IALS: Red brick and stone
ST YLE: English Baroque
AR CH ITECT: Sir Christopher Wren,
Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir John
Vanbrugh
DATE: 1682
LOCATION: Royal Hospital Road,
SW3 4SR
The Royal Hospital was founded in

1681 for soldiers broken by age
or war.
After 300 years it is still home
to retired soldiers (known as the
Chelsea Pensioners), who wear red
and black uniforms.
The simple classical form was
suited to the functional nature of
the building.
The first women Chelsea
Pensioners were allowed to join
the Hospital in 2009.
27
13

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAP S H OT
P E TE R J O N E S
D E PAR TM E NT STO R E
ST YLE: Modernist
AR CH ITECT: William Crabtree/
John McAslan and Partners
DATE: 1936/2004
LOCATION: Sloane Square,
SW1W 8EL
The building has a famous curved

steel and glass curtain wall.
The architect William Crabtree

had visited Germany to study
the design of streamlined
department stores.
The store was renovated by John

McAslan and Partners in 2004.
28
14
rne
bou
Par
kR
oad
Shrewsbury
ad
ot Ro Gardens
Talb
hop
Bis
ridg
oad
eR
Porc
rra
Te
M
st
ew
ns
arde
ce G
Pala
ton
sing
e
ws
Ken
rac
Me
Ter
ns
ens
a r de
ard
ce G
ce G
Pala
Pala
ce
rra
Te
Stre
et
c
Pala
c
Pala
e Av
Walk
d
mp
Ca
S tr
reen
eG
e
enu
ee
en
Hi
il
Ph
gy
Ar
oa
ll R
lim
ll R
alk
dW
Broa
G
ore
d
oa
s
en
ard
a Ga
Ivern
ane
ts L
igh
Wr
s
Jay Mew
l'
Ear
Ab
n
Alle
De Vere Gardens
Hyde Park Gate

Queen's
sC
et
Stre
s
rden
lR
el
oad
nR
do
ing
t
our
oa
rd
wa
Ed
a
ay
W
ad
Ro
f
ck
Be
ar
W
S
es
are
qu
d
Roa
Marloes Road
d
Gloucester Roa
Gate
ns
de
s
ar
ew
G
M
Victoria
Border
5
Hyde
Park
The
Serpentine
Road
Kensington
Imperial Ethos
Victoria
10
& Albert
Museum
Princes
Gardens
11
C
rl's
Ea
n Road
Glo
e
os
Cl
a
W
oa
tR
our
llin
Co
m
gha
uce
s te
Gate
Queen's
Pelham Street
w
s lo
On
r
ua
Sq
Sq
l
tfie
ur
Co
rR
Str
ad
Ro
d
oa
t
ee
s
On
re
ua
e
Do
v
e
ad
ar
hP
l ow
ut
Thurloe
Square
Garden
Cromwell
ce
Pl a
Gardens
e
urlo
Th
South Kensington
So
Cr
w
slo
On
ns
rde
Ga
w
ley
s lo
an
On
Cr
s
ew
yM
nle
ns
Cra Garde
s
nd
y
en
Wa
rd
Rola
nd
Ga
Rola
t on
e
ay
Dr
lac
ll P
we
Queen's
Elm Parade
ns
rde
Ga
n Road
Ha rringto
ad
Ro
New Ride
Row
ttenFootball
Old
"Berlin Ro
Pitches
Wall"
Hyde Park
Putting
Course
Road
Natural
Exhibitio
d
or
on
pt
de
ns
e
ac
Pl
h
urc
n Ch
Plac
lk
ss
Ru
om
G
ar
Nor
nd
th E
E a rdley
Th
u
ho
l to
s
es
eS
eL
The
ea
e ls
Ch
e
Ch
e
tre
ner
allo
Ch
ad
Ro
eB
i tt l
Ol
a
lse
Sq
re
ua
Sq
a re
eke
Ver
eet
Str
l
Ph i
Cr esc e
ol t
on
nt
e
ar
lt
Bo
s
ns
n
to
ils
G
hur
dC
S
ch
tr e e
Qu
oad
rR
rm
No
Roa
er
rri
Fa
r
fo
au
Be
Mu
een
and
d
alk
ad
Ro
d
sar
lub
's C
ad
Ro
ad
Ro
rR
ga
On
e
rav
ag
Se
rk
Pa
ale
eV
Th
et
tre
tS
t
Old
d
oa
m
Li
th
Ne
on
st
er
al
W
k
ton
er
St
e
re
t
fo
au
Be
rth
No
rm
Fa
ad
t
ee
Str
urch
Ch
rt S
tre
et
t
ee
Str
lk
Wa
Roper's
Garden
ers
nv
Da
Pell
n
lsto
Ry
d
oa
dR
En
ne
La
ce
rra
Te
st
Ea
ue
en
d
Av
oa
al
tR
n tr
es
W
Ce
t
ree
St
e
rn
e
ov
ov bu h Gr
Gr Slaid
it
Ed
ad
Ro
aw
e
sh
ov
rn
Gr
Fe
ter
n
Gu
tt
Ba
400 m
yn e
Ch e
Cremorne Estate
ad
Ro
ad
nt
Ro
mo
g's
La
Kin
Servite Houses
e
tyr
tR
an
Ro
ad
Ro
ia
ns
r te
Ho
St
re
ers
B 200
e
r
Talbot
ss
no
Square Su
ad
R
Gardens
The
Long
Water
Lancaster Gate
ur Sussex
Sussex
th
Gardens Ba Square
Gardens
3
2
Prince Co
College
Imperial
Road
AyrtonCollege
London
Imperial
Dana
Centre
lawn
History
public
8 Museum
garden
East
Wildlife West
l Road
welLawn
Garden Lawn Crom
Br
Cranley
Gardens
am
ex
ss
Su
ac e
Plac
ad
Ro
lh
Fu
d SportsceCentre
Gardens
nsort Roa
Prin s
Kensington Gore
alk
er W
Flow
Old
le
revil
C la
South
Place
Re
dc
l
S
i
f
f
e
e
y
m
R
oa
ou
d
r
W
alk
et
re
St
en
av
Cr
d
Roa
Lan
ca s
t er
Kensington
Gardens
s
e'
dg
Bu
ater
Bays w
London Paddington
ce
ns
Garde
r Terr
oad
oa
d
Westfield
Park
et
re
St
d
ae Norfolk
Pr
Square
g
rin
Sp
s
ce
ew
rra
M
Te
th
ne
or
ur
ilw
bo
Ch
st
Ea
Leonard
Court
Paddington
Cleveland
Gardens
Cleveland
Square
Brompton Court
oo
d
al
W
s
Me w
te
ster
r Ga
Lein
aste
Lanc
s
en
ard
Queen's
's G
en
eGardens
Qu
ill
nH
ve
Cra
t on R
oa
Elvaston
The Round
Pond
Ho
lly
Kensington
Gloucester Road
d
Roa
dens
Gar
on
s
The
Bo
ns
rde
Ga
gton
rrin
Ha
rby
the
We
t
et
r
te
un
wc
Fa
Gunter
Hall
Studios
r
te
es
uc
lo
e
hest
The
n ton
Hor
Albert Place
Douro Place
s
en
ard
nG
ld
rtfie
Cou
Kyna nce M ews

Cornwall Gardens
Cornwall Gardens
Cor
n wall M
e ws South
ns
rde
Ga
ws
lto
Bo
ffe
u
Sq
re
ua
Sq
li
dc
ffe
cli
er
Leinst
rrace
lace
gto
Kensin
Wa
o se
nd
pi
Me
's B
ess Te
Queensway
Princess Diana
Memorial
Playground
r
pe
es
d
Re
Ke n
sing
Bayswater
Bayswater
y
Queenswa
P
Bark
Road
and
d
oa
ym
Ol
on
st
rk
Ba
are
qu
Invern
lace
Hill
t
tree
nd S
nP
Reda
ourt
ce C
et
Pala
Stre
gton
Ossin
den
Holla
Ke
Kensington
Square
High Street Kensington
treet
Alec
hS
n Hig
Clifton-Taylor
gto
Memorial Gardensnsin
oa
ow R
Kensington
Gardens
Square
Grove
ourne
Westb
Leinster
Gardens
c
Mos
Prince's
Gardens
15
rdens
oad
lk
Wa
ore
Scarsdale
Studios
S
urt
Co
ne
La ad
Ro
n
pto
h
Ric
om
Br
Cromwell Road
The Marloes
Gardens
Lexham
Earl's Court
rl's
d
Ol
Re
Ro
Tregunter
Estate
ie
ld
Ifield Road
Playground
If
Stamford
Bridge
Chelsea FC
Place
stow
Chep
en
Lin d
p
Cam
Holl
ad
Ro
C
lla
Ho
d
oa
eR
a
ord Ro
Heref
ce
R
igh
oad
ry
bu
bu y
r
ad
Ro
k
bro
oa
Road
la
dge P
le
Hills
R
ey
ts
bo
Ab
lim
Kildare
GardensNewton
ad
ri
Pemb
br
Au
re
il
Ph
Kensington
m
Pe
lac
eR
d
oa
dg
West Brompton
ne
y
wa
l la
Vi
Artesian Road
las
Vil
rd Ro
Herefo
Grove
w
st o
ep
Ch
a
G
Pembridge
Square
et
Notting Hill Gate
Stre
f
Bed
ce
Pla
ate
lace t
Hillg gton P Stree
sin Edge
Ken
eet
l Str
et
Pee n Stre
pde
ns
Cam
rde
Ga
ord
e
ridg
Uxb
Notting
Hill
lk
Wa
ey
pden Hill
ke
ldra
C am
Sh e
16
ge Roa
oad
ua
Par
Road
stow
Chep
e
urn
bo
br
Au
P embrid
R
ne
ow
s
Villa
and
Holl
a
Ro
Edwardes
Square
Gard e
ns
ri
ng
ll R
we
nP
ga
Lo
om
Cr
Lo
ad
ad
Ro
Ro
rd
lf o
Ha
e
ov
Gr
La
Fulham
rm
Fa
am
alh
W
u eens
Powis
Square
st
We
e
rrac
le Te
ton
P
Longlands
Court
Playground
il
Colv
Colville
Square
K
en
sin
g
ar
kR
oa
Ladbroke
re
Square Squa
ke
bro
Lad
ad
Ro
Campden
Hill
Square
er
rk
Pa
est
Holland
Park
nd
Ilch
lla
Road
sd
Lan
ad
Ro
Sq
R
on
dis
Ad
t
our
ad
Ro
ve
Gro
d
oa
o rd
ot s
C
od
ke
bro
Lad
Notting
Hill
Hannover
Gardens
Holland Park
e
nu
Ave
ark
dP
llan
Ho
ark
dP
llan
ws
Ho
Me
ark
dP
llan
ark
Ho
dP
llan
Ho
kwo
Oa
ddis
on
Ho
ry
Ledbu
ke
bro
Lad
R
don
nd
rtla
Po ane
r
d
Roa
llo
be
rto
Po
ren
Cla
tte
Po
ith
w
i ck
st
We
nt
sce
Cre
K E N S I N GTO N
ANChelsea
D C H E LS E A
Kensington
and
im
he
en
Bl
Avondale
Park
y
sm
er
Chesterton
Square
ea
Earls
Court 2
d
Roa
Lillie
a
Ro
lm
se
oad
eR
mb
sco
d
Roa
An
n
cto
Ra
dle
Se
ad
Ro
d
oa
yR
ch Ga
r den s
Cluny rMews
w
ick
Gardens
Ro
ad
Peabody
Fulham
Estate
Mar ch b a
ad
Ro
mwel l
Shaftesbury
Place
t Cro
Wes
n
ad
sso Ro
d
Roa
ad
el Ro
Arch
oad
Road
Sta r R
le
evil
Turn
Che
r
Bram b e
ne
Clem
Attlee
Estate
lda
rn a
Dance
ad
Ro
riv e
iage
D
arr
Wes
tC
Norland
Square
od
Wo
Holland
Park Lawn
Tennis Club
sf
Russell
Road
Playground
mm
Kensington (Olympia)
Ha
Gardens West Kensington
Av
Marcus
on
m
Garvey Park L
o
is
re
g
ar
Ro
Te
ad
rra
ce
Edith Ro
ad
Gunters
toGwendwr
ne Road
Gardens
d
GwendwrGwendwr
Roa
Dog Exercise
Area
Road
Talgarth
ns
ad
Ro
Normand
Park
e
Lilli
Ha
u
To
ir
Ep
Stanford Road
Ladbroke Grove
Barons Court
Road
Baron's Court
ad
Ro
h
rag
me
Co
Queens
Club
d
e
rd
Virgin
Active
Ga
a
nd Ro
yh o u
Gre
d
Roa
we
bro
Dis
t
ee
Str
rd
ad
lafo
Ro
De
ora
ad
nd
Ro
Me
ro
the
ad
Ro
Pro
urt
tco
d
oa
ad
n
bia
Fa
s
s
DawOrdnance
Attic
Contains
rights 2014; OpenStreetMap contributors
es Roa E Survey data Crown copyright and database
old
orr
d
Studios
Sh
ad
Ro
et
B
ea
ge
rid
oa
d
Victoria Road
Tr
eg
Ro
ad
Palace Gate
St
re
et
Ke
nw
Ho ay
ga Ro ad
rt h
Ro
ad
G
ar
de
ns
Ro
ad
Pe
ny
we
rn
Ea
re
ua
n Sq
e
k Clos
Pem
brid
ge
Ne
ve
r
Fulham Broadway
lan
W
al
k
So
ut
h
d
oa
k R
n
Sun
Tr
eb
ov
ir
29
re
sc
en
t
in C
Elg
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
K EY STAG E 3
ad
Ro
re
ua
ns
de
ar
G
Sq
et
re
St
d
ae Norfolk
Pr
Square
Ra
ex
dn
Ed
g
rin
Sp
or
ac
e
n
Albio
re
St
al
nd
Ke eet
tr
ht S
naug
Con
Pl
rge
Geo
R
oa
d
et
Stre
The New
Cavendish
Club
Marble Arch
treet
our S
et
Seym
ton Stre
Bryans
re
Portman
Square
Garden
a
Squ
Row
ore
Wigm
Stre
et
Bond Street
Oriental
Club
ies
Dav
e
ac
Pl
Oxford
Av
e
ar
gw
are
et
Stre
Cu
et
Oxford Circus
e
vil
Sa
r
Do
e
Plac
Rex
et
alk
W
Stre
ne
ide
rs'
Park
La
rR
ve
rk
te
Lo
Pa
es
ch
l
Bo
et
n
to
Fitness
First
P la
ce
m
Ja
St
's
es
Square
St
eM
Th
all
t
ree
B
el
g
e
ac
Pl
es
nd
Low
rave Sq
ua
et
re
St
Cadog
re
n
to
Ea
Gro
Cat h
et
ed
l
ra
en
k
al
W
Plac
an Pla
Cadog
ow
rd
Ga
nor
sve
ens
ox G a r d
labon
an
Cadog
le
r lis
Ca
Pl
n
mpto
s
en
ge
ate
lo w
c
Pla
Ro
a
are
an Squ
Cadog
Mews
Gate
On
w
s lo
On
Sq
Road
t
ree
St
er reet
sk
t
Ha st S
Fir
ce
an Lane
S
ne
ur
Bo
On
slo
re
ua
Gardens
to
Lowe
tr e
r Sloa
in
Holbe
et
s lo
Aste
ne
ll Str
lac
Jubilee P
Square
Pimlico
Br
id
Wil
al l
e
ac
Va
et uxh
treet
ing
ham
G
Saint James's
Saint
Park Lake
James's
Park
lk
Wa
n's
quare
des S
Lown
t Walk
Harrie
Le
nn
re
St
re e
St
ee
Qu
te
Ga
Bu
ck
re
ria S
Victo
Victoria
m
ha
e
Ch
ea
e ls
Ch
t
ee
a lk t r
W yS
ry ne
Bu Syd
e
Pla c
p
Tur
treet
et
re
St
ak
BeGolden
ry
Bu
et
re
St
ce
Pla
Wilton
erton Str eet
Kinn
Mews
lliam
Bro
ng
illi
t
illy
ee
ad
Str
cc
Pi
yn
rm
Je
w
Ro
a lk
e
Squar
er
Eg
Road
eR
oa
d
Warwick
Square
y
Wa
Be
lgr
av
ick
rk
Pa
t
t
ree
ee
r
St
St
rk
et
le
Co
ar
tr e
rS
em
ve
Alb
Do
Green Park
illy
ad
cc
Pi
The
Green
Park
rw
Wa
Eccleston
Square
re
Pala
ce S
t
am
gh
kin
Bress
end
Victoria
London Victoria
St
et
tre
yS
et
ab
re
rn
St
Ca
ly
ng
t
Ki
ee
Str
ce
dw
o re
Ennism
Queen's
ddo
Hanover
Square
tre
yS
ele
rk
Be
roa
eet
Ma
et a
l
re
P
St
n
et
re
u to
St
Br
on
ut
Br
Ro
Oxford Circus
Cavendish
Square
Stree
ery
rdo
Berkeley
Square
Bou
n Str
Grosvenor
Gardens
lan
Victoria St
reet
Victoria
Square
Constitution Hill
et
re
s
St
et
ill
ew
re
H
M
St
's
s
le
ar
Ch
y
Ha
t
ee
Living
Wall
Curzo
Sq
ua
re
S tr
ee
t
Buckingham
Palace
Garden
treet
d S
for
et
k Stre
Bric
illy
ad
t
ee
cc
Pi
ro
sv
en
or
liz
ab
et
h
Su
he
r
et
sS
Lupu
a
lse
r
fo
au
Be
Old
ine
ent
ur
Ch
Sq
e
us
ho
ve
Do
ee t
e
dn
Ra
or
Lan
S
ch
tr e e
rk
Pa
e
tre
tS
ale
eV
Th
lk
Wa
re
ua
Sq
yS
k le
Oa
fo
au
Be
t
Old
tre
rc h
Chu
t
ee
Str
et
Bridge
Chelsea
rt S
ers
nv
Da
t
ee
Str
tre
et
Street
d
ard ens Ro a
Cringle
k
al
W
t
ee
Str
alk
Queenst
St
tt
Ba
Ca
re
ers
e
ridg
rt B
Albe
400 m
Church
ill G
Grosven
or Ro
a
Battersea
Power Station
Pop-Up Park
200
nt
ge
Re
eB
Th
Drive
n
Exhibitio
ac
e
Chelsea
Gate
tre
rriage
West Ca
l
pe
ha
et
Stre
et
re
Pl
Se
m
le
yP
lac
e
S
nd
Bo
tre
Walk
Lancaster
Pl
Ea
to
n
ad
ow
Mayfair
t
tree
ert S
t
Gilb y Stree
e
Binn
eet
e Str
Duk
enor Squ
e t Grosv
ley S
Au d
eet
Grosvenor
Square
ve
ac
e
rt
He
nt R
Mou
Row
m's
Ada
t
tree
nt S Mount Street
Mou
Gardens
th
Sou
St
Hyde Park Corner
in
lk
Ha
So
ut
h
Te
rra
ce
Belgravia
Be
lg
ra
Belgrave
Square
Ea
t
on
Ro
lico
Pim
Ro
ad
Drive North
rid
ge
ge
w
Ne
et
Stre
h
Nort
en
Gre
Chesham
Place
Sloane Square
St
re
et
Ch
el
se
a
r r ia
Royal
Hospital
Grounds
Ca
et
tre
nt S
te
m berland Ga
eet
s Str
tr
ok S
Br o
os
Culr
er
Upp
n Row
Wilto
Cresc
on
en
t
The Rose
Garden
The
Bandstand
ow
h
Nort
t
ge Drive
Carria
alk
sW
e Ro
ad
The
Dell
12
Fr
an
kli
14
treet
Pont S
ce
la
Wi
ge
htsbrid
Knig
Mountbatten
Copse
Knightsbridge
Plac
ue
treet
es S
Jam
Stree
North
Road
an'
s R
oad
t
ree
St
t
tree
rS
ne
tP
ot
yc
ra
D
Aven
ns
E
a
st
Ro
ad
nt
nkme
13
Emba
W
es
tR
oa
d
ea
Chels
lk
Battersea
Park
Millennium
Stadium
Rege
ex
ss
Su
ater
Baysw
cem
Poli
Bird
Sanctuary
Hyde
Park
Serpe
ntin
Rotten Row
Ha
n
Harrods
Knightsbridge
e
ac
P la
ce
Mil
a
og
ad
C
Place
it h
an
et
re
St
Victoria
Border
5
The
Serpentine
The
Serpentine
Serpentine
Swimming Club
Old Football
Pitches
Kni ghtsbridge
age Drive
New Ride South Carri
Pl
Be
au
ch
am
p
Ro
w
Elystan
Sm
St
m
Port
s
Talbot
us
Square S
Gardens
"Berlin
Wall"
Hyde Park
Putting
Course
Kensington Road
al
ev
Ch
Ye
om
ce
an
's
nT
er
ra
et
Stre
h
rc
hu
n
Chelsea
W
Physic
Garden
Sw
a
Tedworth
tc
r is
Ch
Square eet
r
St
tre
et
al
London Paddington
Lancaster Gate
al
W
The
Kensington
Long
Gardens
Water
Walk
ore
ur Sussex
Sussex
h
t
Gardens Ba Square
ens
Gardens yde Park Gard
H
M
st
ew
K E N S I N GTO N
ANChelsea
D C H E LS E A
Kensington
and
s
e'
dg
Bu
er
Flow
3
Kensi ngton G
2
Imperial Ethos
11
Princes
Gardens
dens
oad Sports
ces Gar
PrinCentre
onsort R
Prince C
Road
College
London
College
10
Victoria
& Albert
Museum
Cromwell
Gardens
Thurloe
Square
Garden
treet
Cale S
ten
St Luke's
Gardens
Brit
Chelsea
Manor
Court
Walk
Chelsea
yne
Che
e Wa
North
c
Terra
Children's
Zoo
B
ea
rria
own Road
Eas
t
et
St
re
nc
is
Fr
a
Imperial
ad
Ayrton Ro
Imperial
Dana
Centre
lawn
9 Natural
public History
8
garden Museum
West
East
Lawn
Lawn
ell Road
Cromw
Wildlife
Garden
Pelham Street
South Kensington
Road
ad
Ro
r
ua
Sq
e
ad
ar
hP
ut
g's
Dovehouse
d
Green
oa
Kin
Chelsea
Manor
Estate
Chelsea alk
yne W
Embankment
Che
ent
Gardens
Roper's
ankm
Emb
Gardenelsea
Ch
Ro
y
on
pt
n
Harringto
om
So
a re
lk
Wa
yne
Drive
iv e
re
et
et
tre
Br
ns
rde
Ga
Queen's
Elm
Parade
Ch e
Cremorne Estate
ge
Carria
Dr
Gl
ou
ce
ste
r
St
St
re
et
re
et
St
Co
nd
u it
Buc
e
ac
Pl
ge
rid
en
do
nS
ala
ce
Wil
t
Br ut on Lane
Roa
d
ree
t
ilt
on
St
r
et
St
re
te
rS
tr
he
s
C
et
Old
herb
ide
ers
English contributors
Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright
OpenStreetMap
Riv and database rights 2014;
garden
ion
Garden
Alb
Eb
ury
St r
ee
t
Buc
k
ing
ham
P
Hu
gh
St
Cl
ar
e Road
Ea
to
n
Eb
ur
yS
t rr
ee
Ly
al
Ea
to
n
Ea
to
n
Sq
ua
re
Ea
Ch ton
Eb
e
M
st
ur
er ew
yM
Sq s S
ew
ua o
s
re uth
ry B
ridg
la
lM
ew
Ea s
ew
to
n
s
Pl
N
ac
or
th
e
Ra
ne
la
gh
G
ro
ve
E bu
Ro
w
Tu
rk
s
d
Ol
Cranley
Gardens
e
tyr
R
oa
d
ra
ce
Te
r
Hans
ce
Ro
ya
lH
os
pi
ta
l
r
Trevo
Pe
ty
W
wa
hi
rd
te
he
ad
's
G
ro
ve
Bas
il S
tre
e
's
na
rd
ra
yP
id
g
m
br
G
Rutland ate
lac
e
hP
ort
I xw
riv e
iage
D
arr
Wes
tC
Ro
ad
Fu
lh
am
Servite Houses
B
lan
.L
eo
30
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E

K EY STAG E 3
Pic
St
et
ge
rid
ge

K EY STAG E 3
LON DON ART AN D

AR CH ITE CTU R E
31
K I N GS C R O S S , F I T Z R O V I A A N D B LO O M S B U RY
Once the proud centre of Victorian travel;
until recently Kings Cross was notoriously
run down. Now with a major regeneration
programme, the area has been
transformed and historic industrial and
commercial architecture renovated and
put to new uses. Central Saint Martins
School of Art and Design has found
a new home in a refurbished granary
building, while the painstaking restoration
of Kings Cross station and St Pancras
Chambers is complete. Further afield the
built environment reflects Fitzrovia and
Bloomsburys cultural, academic and
scientific life.

1
Kings Cross Station
13 BT Tower
Kings Cross Square
St Pancras Renaissance Hotel
14 Cavendish Campus,
University of Westminster
St Pancras Station and the Barlow

Train Shed
14a Giant Scientific Instruments
4a The Betjeman Statue
15 Headquarters of the Royal College

of Physicians
Central Saint Martins School

of Art and Design
16 Institute of Education
Granary Square
Kings Cross Filling Station
18 London Central YMCA with the

St Giles Hotel
Gas Holder No. 8
19 Centre Point Tower
St Pancras Old Church
20 Bedford Square
17 Congress House
10 Kings Place
21 British Museum
11 The British Library
22 Brunswick Centre
11a Newton after William Blake
23 Regents Park Outer Circle
12 Fitzroy Square
12a The View Sculpture


K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
K I N GS C R O S S STAT I O N
MATE R IALS: Steel, stone, glass
roof panels
ST YLE: Victorian Contemporary
AR CH ITECT: Lewis Cubitt, William
Cubbitt, John McAslan and Partners
DATE: 18512/2012
LOCATION: Euston Road, N1 9AP
The station was built as the

terminus and hub of the Great
Northern Railway.
The Victorian building is based on

two great arched train sheds, with
an arched brick structure at the
south end.
From 2007 the building

underwent a major restoration and
improvement programme. It now
has a new Western Concourse
with a spectacular glass-panelled
roof (and a luggage trolley passing
through the wall at platform 9!)
KI NGS CROSS, FITZROVIA AN D B LOOM S B U RY
32

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
K I N G C R O S S S Q UAR E
MATE R IALS: Stone
AR CH ITECT: Stanton Williams
DATE: 2014
LOCATION: Euston Road, N1 9AP
Kings Cross Square was created

as a new public square in front of
Kings Cross Station.
The square improves public access

to a previously neglected space
occupied by a 1972 building.
The square reveals the original

Victorian faade of the station for
the first time since the 1860s.
33

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T PAN C R AS
R E NA I S S AN C E H OT E L
MATE R IALS: Brick
ST YLE: Victorian Gothic Revival
AR CH ITECT: Sir George
Gilbert Scott
DATE: 1872
LOCATION: Euston Road,
NW1 2AR
The architect won a competition

run by the Midland Railway
Company to design a hotel for
railway travellers.
The ornate decoration, with

balconies, arched windows,
patterned brickwork, gargoyles,
towers, spires, a clock tower and
weather vanes, represents the
wealth and power of the Victorian
railway companies.
The bricks were brought from the

Midlands, to reflect the owners
pride in their region.
34

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T PAN C R AS STAT I O N AN D
TH E B A R LOW T R AI N S H E D
MATE R IALS: Red brick, iron work,
concrete
ST YLE: Victorian Gothic Revival
AR CH ITECT: William Barlow
DATE: 1876
LOCATION: Euston Road,
NW1 2AR
St Pancras International is one

of the greatest Victorian buildings
in London. Its impressive Gothic
architecture represents the power
and success of the Victorian
railway companies.
When it was completed in 1868,

the Barlow train shed was the
largest enclosed space in
the world.
35

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T PAN C R AS STAT I O N
MATE R IALS: Bronze
S I Z E: 2.6m
AR CH ITECT: Martin Jennings
DATE: 2007
LOCATION: Pancras Station,
NW1 2AR
The statue celebrates the famous

poet and railway enthusiast Sir
John Betjeman, who saved St
Pancras station and hotel from
being demolished in the 1960s.
The sculpture shows him looking

up at the splendour of the Barlow
train shed while catching hold of
his hat.
36

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
C E NTR A L SAI NT M ART I N S

S C H O O L O F ART AN D D E S I G N
MATE R IALS: Brick, concrete, steel
and timber
AR CH ITECT: Stanton Williams
(refurbishment)
DATE: 1852/2011
LOCATION: Granary Building,
1 Granary Square, N1C 4AA
The new home of Central Saint

Martins is in a former 19th-century
granary and two former train sheds,
combined with two new blocks.
The architects wanted to keep

the sites industrial feel, so they
used industrial materials such
as concrete and timber.
The old granary building once

stored Lincolnshire wheat for
Londons bakers.
Did you know?

Old horse stables were converted
into student bike sheds.
37

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
G R A NA RY S Q UAR E
MATE R IALS: Concrete and stone
AR CH ITECT: Townshend Landscape
Architects
DATE: 2000
LOCATION: North of Kings Cross
and St Pancras Train Stations,
N1C 4AA
Granary Square is roughly equal

in size to Trafalgar Square.
The new square is the heart

of the Kings Cross development,
and events including an ice
cream festival have already
taken place there.
At the centre is one of the

largest water features in Europe,
containing over 1080 water jets.
Look out for: historic features such

as bases that once held cranes to
bring goods up from canal boats.
38

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E K I N GS C R O S S
F I LLI N G STAT I O N
MATE R IALS: Translucent fibreglass
AR CH ITECT: Carmody Groarke
DATE: 1960/2012
LOCATION: Goods Way, N1C 4UR
The Filling Station was a derelict

petrol station that has been
converted into an events space
and restaurant, providing a new
social space in Kings Cross.
The fibreglass screen hides

the space from the busy traffic
outside.
When lit up at night the building

becomes a landmark in the Kings
Cross area.
39

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T PAN C R AS LO C K
MATE R IALS: Ironwork
ST YLE: Victorian
AR CH ITECT: Bell Phillips Architects
DATE: 1850s, re-erected in 2013
LOCATION: North side of Regents
Canal, Near St Pancras Lock
N1C 4PN
Gasholder No.8 was built in the

1850s to store gas.
This listed structure has been

restored and moved to a new site
alongside the canal.
The frame sits in a new

landscaped setting and houses
a new park and event space, lit
up at night.
40

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T PAN C R AS
O LD C H U R C H
MATE R IALS: Stone
ST YLE: Medieval / Victorian
AR CH ITECT: Alexander Dick Gough
(19th century)
DATE: Medieval, but mostly
19th century
LOCATION: Pancras Road
NW1 1UL
Christians have possibly

worshipped on this site for more
than 1500 years.
The fabric of the building contains

fragments of Roman stone but
most of it is Victorian.
Did you know?

Many bodies had to be dug up
and moved when the Midland
Railway line was built through the
churchyard in the 19th century.
41

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
K I N G S P LAC E
MATE R IALS: Glass and limestone
AR CH ITECT: Dixon Jones
DATE: 2008
LOCATION: 90 York Way,
London, N1 9AG
The three-layered, very slightly

curving glass facade on York Way
makes this building stand out
when see from far away, but also
stops the building from getting too
hot in summer.
The building contains offices,

music and arts venues, and
restaurants, arranged around
public spaces.
Did you know?

All the oak panels inside Hall One,
the main concert hall, came from
a single 500-year-old German tree.
42
10

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E B R I TI S H LI B R ARY
MATE R IALS: Brick
ST YLE: Postmodern
AR CH ITECT: Colin St John Wilson
DATE: 1998
LOCATION: 96 Euston Road,
Camden, NW1 2DB
The red bricks of this building

were chosen to match the shade
of nearby St Pancras railway
station.
The site and plans were agreed

in the mid-1970s but funding and
other problems meant it was not
completed for more than 20 years.
Did you know?

The building contains storage
space for 12 million books.
43
11

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
N E WTO N AF T E R
W I LLI A M B LAK E
MATE R IALS: Bronze
ARTI ST: Sir Eduardo Paolozzi
DATE: 1995
LOCATION: British Library,
NW1 2DB
This sculpture is of the 17thcentury scientist Sir Isaac Newton.
It is a 3D version of a colour print

by the late 18th-century artist
William Blake.
44
11a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
F I T ZR OY S Q UAR E
MATE R IALS: Portland Stone
ST YLE: Georgian
AR CH ITECT: Robert Adam
DATE: Late 18th century
LOCATION: Fitzroy Square,
Fitzrovia, W1T 5HF
Fitzroy Square was designed as a

series of elegant, high-quality and
desirable town houses for
rich families.
The symmetrical layout with

a central garden is typical of
Georgian architecture.
Look out for: number 29, where

the writers George Bernard Shaw
and Virginia Woolf both lived at
different times.
45
12

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E VI E W S C U LPT U R E
MATE R IALS: Bronze Resin
ARTI ST: Naomi Blake
DATE: Late 1977
LOCATION: Fitzroy Square,
W1T 5HF
The sculpture is in the middle of

Fitzroy Square.
It was made and placed here

to mark the Silver Jubilee in
1977, when Queen Elizabeth II
celebrated 25 years of her reign.
46
12a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
BT TOW E R
MATE R IALS: Concrete, steel
and glass
ST YLE: Post-war
AR CH ITECT: The Ministry of
Public Works
DATE: Late 1965
LOCATION: 60 Cleveland Street,
W1T 4J
This tower was the first purposebuilt structure to transmit highfrequency radio waves and is still
a major communications hub.
It was the highest building in

London until the NatWest Tower
was built in 1980.
The top floor of the tower

rotates and originally contained
a restaurant.
Did you know?

The tower can sway up to 20cm in
winds up to 100 miles per hour.
47
13

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
C AVE N D I S H CAM P U S ,
U N I V E R S IT Y O F W E STM I N S T E R
MATE R IALS: Bronze and glass
curtain walling, concrete
ST YLE: Brutalist
AR CH ITECT: Lyons Israel Ellis Gray
DATE: 1969/70
LOCATION: 115 New Cavendish
Street, W1W 6UW
The Cavendish Campus was

developed in the late 1960s
to house a new College of
Engineering and Science for the
University of Westminster (then
the Regent Street Polytechnic).
The design represents the

organisation of the building into
different functions, including labs
and lecture theatres.
The Brutalist style was used for

many higher education buildings
of the 1960s and 1970s, when
the number of universities and
colleges grew quickly.
48
14

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
G I ANT S C I E NT I F I C
I N S T R U M E NTS
MATE R IALS: Steel (stainless and
brushed) and bronze
ARTI ST: Ben Joiner
DATE: Late 1994
LOCATION: 115 New Cavendish
Street, W1W 6UW
These seven sculptures represent

scientific instruments, including
flasks and a funnel.
They relate to the activities that

take place inside the building
behind, which houses the
universitys department of
bio-sciences.
49
14a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
H E A DQ UART E R S O F T H E R OYAL
C O LLE G E O F P H YS I C IAN S
MATE R IALS: Concrete
ST YLE: Modernist
AR CH ITECT: Sir Denys Lasdun
DATE: 1964
LOCATION: St Andrews Place,
Regents Park, NW1 4LE
Modernist architects of the 1950s

and 1960s believed that design
should always be led by the way
a building would be used.
Lasdun spent a long time watching

the Royal College members
meeting and socialising, which
helped him create the final design.
He chose the colours and shapes

to harmonise with the nearby
Georgian terraces.
50
15

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
I N STI TUTE O F
E D U C ATI O N
MATE R IALS: Concrete and glass
ST YLE: Brutalist/modernist
AR CH ITECT: Sir Denys Lasdun
DATE: 1977
LOCATION: 20 Bedford Way,
London WC1H 0AL
The Institute was designed to

replace a large terrace of buildings
partially destroyed by bombing in
World War II.
Although the building is modern,

it matches the scale and height
of the 19th-century terraces
opposite.
Only one of the five wings of

the original design was ever
completed.
51
16

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
CONGRESS HOUSE
MATE R IALS: Concrete, glass
and steel
ST YLE: Modernist
AR CH ITECT: David du R. Aberdeen
DATE: 1958
LOCATION: Great Russell Street,
London, WC1B 3LS
Congress House was built for

the Trades Union Congress (TUC),
an organisation for Britains
trades unions.
The modernist style of the

building reflects the TUCs aim
of promoting progressive art and
architecture after World War II.
The building incorporates a

memorial to TUC members who
died in both World Wars.
The roof of the Conference Hall

inside features unusual six-sided
glass panels.
52
17

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
LO N D O N C E NT R AL YM CA H O STE L
W I TH TH E ST G I LE S H OT E L
ST YLE: Brutalist
AR CH ITECT: Elsworth Sykes
Partnership
DATE: 1977
LOCATION: Bedford Avenue,
WC1B 3GH
The Central YMCA, founded

in 1844, was the worlds first
building for the Young Mens
Christian Association (YMCA).
This building replaced an earlier

Edwardian building on this site.
It was built at a time when the

YMCA began to open up to
include women and so needed
more space: it contains 670
guest rooms in 4 tower blocks.
Did you know?

It contains the largest gym facility
in central London.
53
18

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
C E NTR E P O I NT TOW E R
MATE R IALS: Concrete, steel
and glass
ST YLE: Modernist
AR CH ITECT: Richard Robin Seifert
& Partners
DATE: 1967
LOCATION: New Oxford Street,
WC1A
Centre Point was one of the

first skyscrapers in London,
and represented a new mood of
optimism and confidence after
World War II.
The office tower was built of

segments of concrete cast in
Dorset and brought to London
by lorry.
The building has appeared in many

music videos, films and novels.
54
19

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
20
B R ITIS H M US E U M,
G R E AT C O U RT
MATE R IALS: Concrete, cast iron,
brick, stone, glass and steel
STYLE: Greek Revival/Contemporary
AR CH ITECT: Sir Robert Smirke/
Foster and Partners
DATE: 1832-52/2000
LOCATION: 91 Great Russell Street,
WC1B 3PS
The Great Court brought back into

use the courtyard at the centre of
the British Museum.
The design of the columns and the

pediments were borrowed from
Greek architecture.
The state-of-the-art glass canopy

has a unique geometry designed
to span the irregular gap between
the Reading Room in the centre
and the courtyard facades.
Did you know?

The roof contains 478 tonnes steel
and 315 tonnes of glass.
55
VISITLON DON I MAG ES/ B R ITAI NONVI EW
Ke
ll
y Str eet
S
Hadley
Clarence
Way
Estate
treet
Ro
ch
es
te
rR
St
Pa
n
oa
d
Bartholome
w Road
Ro
ch
es
ter
ay
W
Barker Driv
e
R
ss
Ag a r
Grove
Camle
y
Wa
Freight L
ane
ew
ul's M
St P a
ad
Ro
d
yar
ad
Ro
Tile
n
do
t
rke
Ma
an
Br
oya
le R
Va
Yo
rk
Br
ery
ew
ree
St
t
tree
yS
ay
W
Street
y
ing Wa
Nailour
Estate
ll Street
nde
d
Roa
Blu
nn
Bu
ld
Bingfie
Bingham
Park
Bemerton
ee
re
St
Square
Street
ad
Ro
l
na
s Way
Ca
ancra
t's
.P
St
ce
P la
t
ee ge
Str lle
ge Co
olle
lC
ya
ce
Ro
t
P la
ge Stree
lle
Co dela
n
Ma
or d
S
ert
Alb
et
g
nin
or
e
tre
m le
Ca
to n
t
ee
t
ee
Str e
ac
am
yh Terr
Ba
g's
Kin
yS
rra
Te
kV
P ar
ce
nc
Pa
ey
Rodn
ge
illa
r as
Calsh ot Street
Stree
a Vil
las
Barnsbury
Square
Lofting Road
Ripplevale Grove
t
Penton Stree
Terra
st
Ea
st
Ea
ad
Ro
ce
tr
ny S
Alba
hill
Red
et
tre
et
Stre
et
ope Stre
Stanh
Street
stus
Augu
et
tr e
nS
et
tre
gto
r in
nS
t
ar
o
e
alt
Ch
tr e
S
Ch
n
et
re
gto
St
rrin
olt
We
sh
er
Ev
on
a lt
Ch
St
nn
's I
ay
Gr
Claren
nd
berla
Cum
cle
r Cir
Oute
Crom
et
ad
Ro
Stre
tr
er S
Chester Terrace
Regent
Square
ison
Harr
lk
dwa
Broa
t
ee
Str
t
dd
ree
Ju
St
et
an
Th
Calthorpe
Project
Cross Road
St George's
Gardens
St Andrew'sreet
Mecklenburgh GardensSt
n
Square
re
W
Gardens
Outer Circle
t
ree
St
on
elt
M
et
t
re
St
ree
n
St
to
urg
in g
bo
rd
Co
Ca
n
rto
Bu
St
Brunswick
Square Coram's
Gardens Fields
eet
rd
Go
t
ree
n
Trito
E
on
Ma r
St
ter
Hun
u
Sq
et
re
rbr
He
chm
e
ar
r
dfo
Be
n
ur
ob
W
et
Stre
on t
et
tr e
dS
an
t
ree
Pl
tree
dS
e
ac
an
t
o
Bols
nd
el a
ev
Cl
tt
To
ay
dW
h
en
et
re
St
on
Sq
am
ey
ntl
Hu
r
ua
ue
en
ver S
St
re
St
we
Go
et
re
rS
u
Sq
ar
bald
oad
sR
u
Bea
P
land
Port
m
Halla
t
Grea
Stre
tree
et
et
tre
Port
ad
Ro
urt
Co
son
Han
ell
ss
Ru
k
Joc
d
or
df
Be
ut
So
S
ell
sw
Bo
Pl
m
ha
e
tre
f
Bed
ey's
po
Wim
We
y mouth
lace
et
et
Stre
land
et
Stre
te
lo t
ar
Ch
e
gu
ta
on
u
Co
e
ac
p to
Red
St
St
t
ree
Bl
et
re
oo
ms
rt
et
Stre
Lion
Lincoln's
Inn
s
Field
Row
ord
rn
ark
eet
t Str
mon
e
Welb
le S
rd
dfo
Be
ry
bu
tree
ow
nR
treet
ck S
lac
eP
on
thb
Ra
t
ee
Str
lds
Fie
an
arylebo ne L
Sq
Lin
coln
ry
re
St
Wilmington
ge
ar
MSquare
ac
Verulam
Gardens
Gray's
Inn
Chancery Lane
eet
Str
an
wm
s
Ne
ew
t
rs M
tree
r ne
sS
Be
ner
Ber
w t
Me ree
ll s St
We
a
gsw
Kin
ane
yL
ce r
an
Ch
's
y
l Yard
Be l
Courts of
Justice
an
De
e
uar
Frit
ek
Gre
a
gsw
Kin
nd
Stra
treet
es S
Jam
t
tree
dS
lan
Po
ur S
rdo
Wa
hS
Ch a
tree
eet
Str
eet
Str
t
tree
ring
w
Ne
Re
n
Ki
Mi
Temple
t
tree
ert S
t
Gilb y Stree
e
Binn
eet
e Str
Duk
ies
Dav
et
Stre
S
nd
Bo
ge
nt
et
tre
yS
et
ab
re
rn
St
Ca
gly
rd
lfo
tre
Str
ee
oad
ss R
Cr o
an
ent
nkm
et
e
vil
Sa
t
rt S
pe
Ru
Be
df
a
Str
400 m
mba
u are
eet
S tr
t
al
tree
yS
Care Royal
q
wS
Ne
g
rtu
Po
ria E
Aldwych
Inn
Lincoln's
Inn Fields
ne P
tsto
Whe
nd
Gray's
Inn
Fields
Pl
t
nix
e
oe
tre
Ph
hS
ad
ug
Ro
Go
Inn
's
eet
Str
ay
ws
hn
G r Me
Jo
w
ws
nlo
Me
ow
et
n's
e
Br
Joh
Str
hty
ug
et
Do
Stre
Millm
on
Wild
S treet
La
ne
o
The
Red Lion
Square
rm
t
tree
tO
dS
ea
for
Guil
Gr
The Alf
Barnett
Playground
ry
lbo
High Ho
Holborn
Holborn
et
et et
re
re
e
St
St
ru
et
re
St
ra
St
to
Vic
Barnsbury
th
Beli
Roa
Caledonian Road and Barnsbury
lose
Off
Wood
t
tree
nS
gdoBarnsbury
n tu rion C
ntin
Hu
Grimaldi
Park
lle Road
Street
tre
et
Barnard
Park
Richmond Avenue
Copenhagen
S
Carnegie St
reet
Wynford Road
egal
treet Joseph Don
Pentonvi
S
Collier
Fre
q u a re
Thornhill
Square
Bridgeman Road
an Road
Caledoni
Wharf
10 IceMarina
Battlebridge
Marina
Edward
Square
Copenhagen Street
Edward
Street
Havelock
York Way
Gardens rde n s
Stre
et
y
Wa
yside
ods
Hand
6
Go
Wharfdale Road
London King's Cross
Ce
Str
Str
St. King's Cross/St Pancras

Pancras
Queen
Square
Gardens
de
nna
Colo
Russell Square
re
ua
Kin
g
t
et
's
tree
tr e
yS
ia S Wicklow
erc
ann
Street
at P
Brit
Gre
et
Open Space
Stre
Argyle
ton
Swin
Square
et
eFriedrick
tr
Argyle Street
nS
Street
et
Acto
tre
eet
k SGarden
deric Wharton Cottages
Bramber
Green
Garden22
lace
kP
toc
vis Marchmont
Ta
Community
ell
Sq
Russell
Square
ss
Ru
ill S
Th ornh
British
11
Library
e
ac
ea
Gr
Pl
16
e
gu
ta
on
ay
W
ry
bu
li n
k
Soho
ac Gym
M
Dragon
Court
et Bloomsbury
re
Square
ms
oo
Bl
et
ns
de
ar
G
re
St
St
ell
ss
Ru
r
ete
Ex
200
ce
t
w
Ro
dS
or
U
nd
s
as
erp
nd
Victoria
Embankment Gardens
nd
ra
St
0
Covent
Garden
Covent Garden
o
elt
t'
or
Sh
ell
ss
Ru
Sh
e Drive
Carnousti
t
igh
St
Pancras
d
oa
t
nR
ree
St
sto
gh
Eu
rou
bo
Bid
Tavistock
Square
Woburn
Square
at
treet
Gre
rd S
Seven
Dials
e Street
n
de
h
Hig
n
et
tre
British
Museum
21
Oxfo
17
New
Phoenix
Garden
19
St Giles
re e
St
ue
re
Ac
ng
et
Lo
tre
lS
ra
Flo
o
New R
Pembrok
m
Ca
to
wp
ath
Pa
Pancras
Hospital
ary
an
Gr St.
Goldington
Crescent
Gardens
Ro
a
Purchese
Street
ill
Br
ce
Open Space
Pla
cra
s
a
W
rd
London St Pancras International
Somers Town
a
Ro
ric
Do
Go
Gordon
Square
eS
Bloomsbury
et
re
St
or
St
for
Bedford
20
18
d
Be
Square uare
e
Sq
nu
ve
dA
Square
Tottenham Court Road
ho
SoSoho
illy
Leicester Square
Ro a d
a
yh
Ba
oad
Mayford
nix
Somers Town
Estate Community
Sports Centre
o
Ph
n
sto
Eu
Japanese
UCL Roof
Garden
Ridgemount
Gardens
s
nie
Fre
en
md
Ca
n
gto
lin
Ar
Road
ar
ed
en
d le
Re a
ge
n
lR
Ova
le
nda
t
ee
Str
et
tre
eS
lleg
Co
eet
er
nd
Ple
w
Cro
Oakley
Square
Gardens
et
Goodge Street
Good Vibes Che
et
e et
Str
St AnnesRom ven
A
Church ury
es
Grounds
aft
Sh
yal
Ro
Str
P la
ce
Camden Road
Ly
me
Harrington
Square
Gardens
re
St
Euston
Friends
Square
House
Gardens
ad
Ro Garden
London Euston
Euston Square
ay
W
on
ad
Ro
aft
Gr
u s t on
Warren Street
ay
W
et
re
an
wl
St
n
to
af
Gr
ple
Ma
Ho
Str
Soho
is Roa
Marqu
Camden
Gardens
Park
Mornington
Sports
Centre
eet
14
Saint
James
Gardens
Mornington Crescent
e Str
et
k
wic
ad
Bro
tre
et
re
St
le
L is
Tib
Kentish Town West
oad
les R
et
a re
12
ad
Ro
Squ
ton
ston
13
Cumberland Varndell Street

Market
Gardens
Regent's
Park Estate
Longford S tr e
Eus
Clip
S
ak
Be
er
w
Prince of Wa
Vi
lla
g
23
15
Great Portland Street
eet
Fitzrovia
cra
s
K I N G S Cross,
C R O S SFitzrovia
, F ITZR OVIA
D B LOOM S B U RY
Kings
andAN
Bloomsbury
Ferdinand
Estate
Pa
rk
s
Mew
Str
hess
Duc
t
tree
treet
et
re
St
y
le
et
Fo tre
S
se
ou
gH
Ridin
et
tre
rS
ime
W
Mort
el
ls
S
aret
S
Oxford
Fitness
First
Oxford Circus
Marg
Oxford Circus
ddo
e
Br
re
ua
Leic
Farm
Chalk
Farm
Castlehaven
Open Space
East
Yard
Camden Town
Camden
ard
th
s Y l to wpa
a
bey
Gil ts C an
ad
n
Ro
ge
to w n
James
Re
Princ
g
e
A
lbe l L
rt R a ne
oa
d
Regent's
Park
Avenue
Gardens
cle
r Cir
Oute
Park
Square
Gardens
et
et
Stre
Stre
Pa
r k Cre s c
Gardens e
d
RoaCrescent
Regent's Park
bone
Maryl e
outh
ire
onsh
Dev
m
Wey
et
Ro
w
Ma
Hanover
Square
Cavendish
Square
Marylebone
Stre
Av
ery
Golden
Square
et
tre
Piccadilly Circus
Sq
Leicester
Square
Barnsbur
y Road
t re
et
Aven
ue
bery
Rose
The Garden
of St.
John's Lodge
The
Rose
Garden
e
ore
Wigm
Bond Street
Oriental
Club
Grosvenor
Square
t
tree
or S
sven
Gro
et
la
re
St n P
et
n
re
rdo ruto
St
Bo u
B
n
Mayfair
Berkeley ruto
Piccadilly
Circus
ow Ordnance Survey data
Contains
OpenStreetMap
contributors
B Crown copyright and database rights 2014;
's R
Square
m
Ada
et
t re
ke
rS
Ba
Lloy
d
P
Mo u nt lea
sa
nt
St
re
et
rpe
ho
treet
Charing Cross London Charing Cross
er Ga
Hemingford Road
se
Ri
Pe
nto
n
Ca
lt
Boulevard
Kin g's
ua
re
Stable
S
Avenu
e
Balfe Street
Pa
G re
rke
at
r
Q
ue
en
St
r
Str
ee
t
fte
Sh
a
ua
re
Sq
ur
ra
y
de
n
ew
s
Sq
de
n
Ca
m
Ro
ad
Ro
ad
Ca
m
de
n
W ay
oad
Kentish Town R
Ca
m
illa
rd
V
fo
St
.
Oa
kle
ak
yS
le
qua
yS
re
qua
re
O
L an
ce
M
ew
s
Au
gu
sti
ne
's
e
es t
Hampstead Road
Castlehaven Road
ay
St
ra
t
Hampstead Road
Ha
rtla
nd
Pa
rk
w
nt
Stanhope Street
St
re
et
et
St
re
Co
nd
u it
sb
ury
56
Re
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E

K EY STAG E 3

K EY STAG E 3
LON DON ART AN D

AR CH ITE CTU R E
57
S KYS C R A P E R S A N D B A N K
The City is an area of architectural
extremes the Square Mile contains
some of the oldest parts of London
but its skyline is ever-changing, with a
constant stream of ambitious skyscraper
building projects. Soaring glass-and-steel
financial centres stand next to medieval
and Renaissance stone churches and
Georgian town houses, all close to a
2,000 year old Roman wall.

1
Liverpool Street Station
16 Leadenhall Market
Exchange Square
17 The Leadenhall Building

(The Cheesegrater)
Finsbury Avenue Square
18 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin)
Rush Hour
19 Tower 42
1a Kindertransport
4a Bellerophon Taming Pegasus
20 Paleys upon Pilers
Finsbury Circus
21 Spitalfields Market
St Albans Tower
22a A Pear and a Fig
7 Guildhall
21b I Goat
The Bank of England
22 Christ Church, Spitalfields
Royal Exchange
23 Great St Helens Church
10 St Stephen Walbrook Church
24 Guildhall Gallery see no 7
11 Rothschild Bank Headquarters
25 No 1 Poultry
12 20 Fenchurch St (the Walkie Talkie)
26 Holland House
13 The Lloyds Register Group
27 Devonshire Square
14 The Willis Building

15 Lloyds of London


K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
LIVE R P O O L ST R E ET
S TATI O N
MATE R IALS: Iron, glass
ST YLE: Gothic
AR CH ITECT: Edward Wilson
DATE: 1874/1992
LOCATION: Bishopsgate, EC2M 7QH
iverpool Street Station was

L
built as a new terminus closer
to the City of London for the
Great Eastern Railway.
The new trainshed had a

magnificent cathedral-like iron
and glass roof and Gothic-style
offices behind.
After World War II bomb damage

there were plans to pull down the
station; instead the building was
saved and refurbished.
S KYSCRAPE R S AN D BAN K
58

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
K I N D E R T R AN S P O RT
MATE R IALS: Bronze
S I Z E: 2.3m
AR CH ITECT: Frank Meisler
DATE: 2006
LOCATION: Liverpool Street Station,
Bishopsgate, EC2M 7QH
Trains of children fleeing from Nazi

tyranny arrive at Liverpool Street
Station in the late 1930s.
The sculptor Frank Meisler

was himself a passenger on
a Kindertransport train.
Did you know?

There are three other memorials
at Danzig in Poland, Berlin in
Germany and Rotterdam in the
Netherlands, key points on the
childrens route to safety.
59
1a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
B R OAD GAT E C I R C LE
MATE R IALS: Steel, glass
ST YLE: Postmodern
AR CH ITECT: Arup Associates
DATE: 1874/1992
LOCATION: Finsbury Ave, EC2M
The Broadgate Circle was

designed as a privately owned
public space with offices around.
In winter the Circle houses

a famous ice rink.
Broadgate Circle is now being

refurbished and will reopen in 2015.
At night, the 100,000 lights set

into the floor produce exciting
displays of different colours, each
lasting as long as it takes you to
cross the square.
Did you know?

In the 1980s Broadgate was
the largest office development
in London.
60

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
RUSH HOUR
MATE R IALS: Bronze
ARTI ST: George Segal
DATE: 1987
Rush Hour shows six London

commuters rushing home in
damp-looking raincoats.
To make the sculpture, Segal

encased live models in wire mesh
and plaster bandages to make a
cast, before cutting each cast open
to free the person inside.
He then joined the two parts of the

mould together and cast bronze
figures from the plaster versions.
61

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
B E LLE R O P H O N TAM I N G
P E GA S U S
MATE R IALS: Bronze
ARTI ST: Jacques Lipchitz
DATE: 1966
This sculpture of tangled forms

shows the ancient Greek hero
Bellerophon wrestling the mythical
winged horse Pegasus.
Lipchitz believed that this ancient

legend represented the dominance
of man over nature.
62
4a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
F I N S B U RY C I R C U S
ST YLE: Victorian and Edwardian
AR CH ITECT: Various
DATE: 1890 1925
LOCATION: Finsbury Circus,
EC2M 7AB
Finsbury Circus is the largest open

public space in the City of London.
The name Circus is from its oval

shape, like the ancient Roman
chariot-racing venues.
One of the most important

buildings, on the north-west side,
is Britannic House, designed by Sir
Edwin Lutyens in the 1920s for the
Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which
later became BP.
63

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T A LB ANS TOW E R
MATE R IALS: Stone
ST YLE: Perpendicular Gothic
AR CH ITECT: Sir Christopher Wren
DATE: 1685
LOCATION: Wood Street, EC2V 7AF
There may have been a church on

this site as early as the 8th century.
The church was badly damaged

in the Great Fire of 1666 and was
rebuilt by Wren in the Gothic style,
but it was again burned out during
the Blitz in 1940.
The ruins were cleared, and the

tower left standing on a traffic
island to become one of Londons
most unusual private homes.
64

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
G U I LD H A LL
MATE R IALS: Stone
ST YLE: Gothic
AR CH ITECT: George Dance/Sir
Horace Jones/Giles Gilbert Scott
DATE: 1410/1788/1866/1963
LOCATION: Gresham Street,
EC2V 7HH
Guildhall has been the centre

of the City of London government
(the Corporation) since the
Middle Ages.
Giant statues of Gog and Magog,

two legendary giants who are the
traditional guardians of the City,
can be seen inside.
Did you know?

Guildhall is the only non-religious
stone structure to have survived
the Great Fire of London in 1666.
65

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E BAN K O F E NG LAN D
ST YLE: Neoclassical
AR CH ITECT: George Samson/
Sir Robert Taylor/Sir John Soane/
Sir Herbert Baker
DATE: 1734/1781/1828/1939
LOCATION: Threadneedle St,
London EC2R 8AH
The Bank of England building may

have been the first purpose-built
bank in the British Isles.
Later Sir John Soane added new

banking halls in a classical style
and a defensive windowless
wall to protect the Bank and its
bullion vaults.
Between 1925 and 1939 a new

seven-storey building was built
as the bank grew.
The building has more space below

ground than in the whole of the
nearby skyscraper Tower 42.
66

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E R OYAL E XC H AN G E
MATE R IALS: Stone
AR CH ITECT: Sir William Tite
DATE: 1844
LOCATION: 2 Royal Exchange
Steps, EC3V 3DG
The Royal Exchange was founded

in the 16th century as a trading
centre for the City of London.
The design is based on the original
layout of four sides around a
central courtyard, where merchants
could trade with one another.
This building is the third on this

site as the previous two were
destroyed by fire.
The building was refurbished in

2001 as a luxury shopping centre.
67

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T S TE P H E N
WA LB R O O K C H U R C H
MATE R IALS: Stone
DATE: 1680
LOCATION: 39 Walbrook, EC4N 8BN
This church was one of the 51 new

churches designed for London by
Sir Christopher Wren after the
Great Fire.
Wren designed an open

symmetrical space so that everyone
present could see and hear the
religious service.
He used St Stephens to test

his design ideas for the dome
of St Pauls Cathedral.
Did you know?

The Samaritans charity was founded
here and a telephone in a glass
case inside serves as a tribute.
68
10

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
R OTH S C H I LD BAN K
H E A DQ UART E R S
AR CH ITECT: OMA (Rem Koolhaas)
DATE: 2011
LOCATION: New Court Street
Swithins Lane, EC4N 8AL
This building is the fourth

containing the Rothschild Banks
London headquarters, all built
on St. Swithins Lane, a narrow
medieval alley in the heart of
the City.
Part of the building is raised off

the ground to provide a view
through to Wrens St Stephen
Walbrook Church.
The central cube of ten office

floors has a repeated pattern of
structural steel columns embedded
in the faade.
69
11

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
20 F E N C H U R C H ST R E ET
(TH E WALK I E TALK I E)
MATE R IALS: Steel, glass
and concrete
AR CH ITECT: Rafael Violy
DATE: 2014
LOCATION: 20 Fenchurch Street,
EC3M
20 Fenchurch Street is nicknamed

the Walkie Talkie because of its
top-heavy shape.
The shape is partly intended to

provide more floor space at the
top of the building, where rent
is usually higher.
The Sky Garden at the top is open

to the public and offers great views.
Did you know?

The concave shape of the building
has channelled the suns rays into
a beam so hot it has melted parts
of cars!
70
12

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
LLOYDS R E G I ST E R
GROUP
MATE R IALS: Stone, steel and glass
ST YLE: Neoclassical/High-tech
AR CH ITECT: Thomas Edward
Collcutt/Richard Rogers Partnership
DATE: 1901/2000
LOCATION: 71 Fenchurch Street,
EC3M 4BS
In the late 19th century the Lloyds

Register, commissioned a classical,
stone head office.
In the early 1990s the buildings

were redeveloped by the Richard
Rogers Partnership.
The lifts and stairs are on view

at the front of the new glass and
steel towers.
Archaeologists working on the site

during the construction of the new
building found that the Romans
had occupied it as early as the
1st century AD.
71
13

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E W I LLI S B U I LD I N G
MATE R IALS: Steel and glass
AR CH ITECT: Foster and Partners
DATE: 2007
LOCATION: 51 Lime Street,
EC3M 7DQ
This 28-storey skyscraper for

the Willis insurance company
is directly across the street from
the Lloyds building.
The building is shaped like

a series of overlapping, stepped
curved shells.
The fins on the outside of the

building help to reduce glare and
stop heat building up in the
offices inside.
72
14

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
LLOYDS O F LO N D O N
and steel
ST YLE: High-Tech
AR CH ITECT: Richard Rogers
Partnership
DATE: 1986
LOCATION: 1 Lime St, EC3M 7HA
Lloyds is known as the inside

out building the lifts, toilets and
pipework are on the outside of the
building to allow more space for
work areas inside.
The building houses the worlds

largest insurance market.
Richard Rogers Partnership also

designed the Millennium Dome,
now the 0 2 Arena.
Did you know?

Lloyds earliest home was a
17th-century coffee house.
73
15

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
LE AD E N H ALL M AR K ET
MATE R IALS: Glass roof, cast
iron columns
ST YLE: Victorian
AR CH ITECT: Horace Jones
DATE: 188081
LOCATION: Gracechurch Street,
EC3V 1LT
This ornate glass-roofed building

was designed to house a market for
poultry, which existed on this site since
in the 14th century, in a smart arcade
in keeping with its surroundings.
The market is named after a large

lead-roofed mansion built on the site
in the Middle Ages.
It stands on what was the centre

of Roman London.
Did you know?

Leadenhall Market starred as Diagon
Alley in the Harry Potter films.
74
16

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E LE ADE N HALL B U I LDI NG

(TH E CH E E S E G RATE R)
MATERIALS: Concrete, glass and steel
AR CH ITECT: Rogers Stirk Harbour
and Partners
DATE: 2014
LOCATION: 122 Leadenhall Street,
EC3V 1LR
One of the latest London

skyscrapers, the Leadenhall Building
is known as the Cheese Grater
because of its sloping south face.
The buildings shape ensures that

the backdrop of St Pauls Cathedral
isnt ruined.
The lower levels of this 48-storey

building are a major new
public space.
Did you know?

The building uses 18,000 tonnes
of steel and 300 miles of cable,
about the same distance from
London to Dublin.
75
17

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
30 S T MARY A X E
(TH E G H E R K I N)
DATE: 2004
LOCATION: 30 St Mary Axe, EC2
The Gherkin is so called because

of its tapering shape, which widens
as it rises through 40 floors before
narrowing at the top.
Its famous shape is due to the need

to create more space and reduce
wind speeds at ground level.
It is 180m tall with fantastic

360-degree views of the city from
the top floor.
Did you know?

The only curved piece of glass in
the building is the lens-shaped cap
at the very top.
76
18

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TOW E R 42
MATE R IALS: Concrete, steel, glass
ST YLE: Modernist
AR CH ITECT: Richard Seifert, GMW
DATE: 1981/1995
LOCATION: 25 Old Broad Street,
EC2N 1HQ
Tower 42 was built by the NatWest

Bank and was originally called the
NatWest Tower, a name that
has stuck.
In 1993 the tower was badly

damaged by a huge truck bomb in
the Bishopsgate area, and it had to
be completely re-clad and internally
refurbished.
Did you know?

It was the UKs first true skyscraper
and tallest building until 1 Canada
Square at Canary Wharf was
completed in 1990.
77
19

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
PALEYS U P O N P I LE R S
MATE R IALS: Timber
AR CH ITECT: Studio Weave
H E IG HT: 11m
DATE: 1981/ 1995
LOCATION: Pedestrian island at
junction of Aldgate Street, St Botolph
Street and Aldgate High Street,
EC3N 1AL
This timber structure on stilts was

one of several structures that
marked the direct route from the
City of London to the Olympic Park
for the 2012 Games.
Paleys upon Pilers means palace

on pillars.
Did you know?

It was inspired by the dream-like
temples described in two poems
by the famous medieval writer
Geoffrey Chaucer, who lived in
this area.
78
20

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S P I TALF I E LD S M AR K ET
MATE R IALS: Brick, stone, glass
and steel
ST YLE: Arts and Crafts/
Contemporary
AR CH ITECT: George Sherrin/
Jestico and Whiles ( refurbishment)
DATE: 1887/2008
LOCATION: Spitalfields, E1 6EW
Old Spitalfields Market is one of

Londons finest surviving Victorian
market halls and originally
provided fruit and vegetables
for the whole city.
The market was later redeveloped

and a new glass and steel office
building, Bishops Square, was
completed in 2006.
Did you know?

The first part of the name
Spitalfields comes from the word
hospital, as there was a medieval
hospital on this site.
79
21

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
A P E AR A N D A F I G
MATE R IALS: Bronze
ARTI ST: Ali Grant
DATE: 2005
S I Z E: 154 183 135cm
This sculpture of fruits ripe and

ready to eat refers to Spitalfields
history as Londons main fruit
market.
80
21

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
I G OAT
MATE R IALS: Concrete and
aluminium
ARTI ST: Kenny Hunter
H E IG HT: 5m
DATE: 2011
This sculpture of a goat stands on

a stack of market packing crates.
The sculptor said that goats are

known to be independently minded
and that he thought that was also
true of London and its people.
81
21a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
23
G R E AT S T H E LE NS
CHURCH
MATE R IALS: Stone
ST YLE: Gothic
AR CH ITECT: Quinlan Terry
(restoration)
DATE: 12th 15th century/1997
LOCATION: Great St Helens,
EC3A 6AT
The four great arches of the church

date from the late 15th century.
Two bombs near to the building

in 1992 and 1993 caused a huge
amount of damage to the church,
including shattering all its windows.
The architect Quinlan Terry

restored the church, making it up
to date with under-floor heating,
modern lighting and a new gallery.
82
G R EAT ST H E LE NS C H U RC H
Matthew Perkins
rr
Bu
Str
eet
se
Clo
Hessel Street
Commercial Street
Tower Bridg
e Approach
yW
etty ales
Wa es
Deal Street
Kennet Street
Way
200
Hermitage
Basin
er
Clos
e
ws
Me
Vau g han Way
St Katharine
Dock
As
h
Fowe
Tow
er B
ridg
e
Mark La
ne
Mincin g Lane
et
Bu
ry
S
et
xe
Ma
ry
A
Sain
t
et
Li m
e S
tre
L
Back Church an e
reet
Elder St
s Square
te
sga
Br
O
ld
tree
t
hS
urc
cec
h
G ra
am S
treet
ridge
Londo
nB
East
Dock
t
ee
Str
Stoney Street
Brick Lane
Str
e
et
Shore
ditch
oad
Curt
ain R
Str
ee t
Ap
p
oa
dS
Bis
h
op
tree
t
Aven
ue
Throgmorton
Pett
Angel
Lane
King W
illi
Walb
rook
k Br
idge
tre
Moo
rgate
Moorg
ate
wry
Old J
e
King Street
Cole
man Street
ury
nb
Alderm a
e
Bow La
n
Garlick Hill
Bishop
Stre
et
Wil
s on
Mo o
rgat
or L
ane
Mo
ol d
Wilso
n
Finsbur
y Pavement
Lane
Moor
Milto
Stree
Lamb's Pas
n Str
eet
ob
i
Fr
Woo
d
Wo od Street
eet
Bread
Str
Stre
et
Stre
et
Foster Lane
St Mar
tin
Nob
le
Sou
thw
ar
Pennington Street
More
ad
eet
The Highway
hfield
Smit
East r Place
Sta
om
as
Sun
lk
Wa
Bridge
Ro
reet
Swedenborg
Gardens
Th
Sou thw
ark
Crowder St
Square
Wellclose
n Str
Stew La
ne
oad
f Lan
e
R
treet
Christian Street
t
Ellen Stree
Burslem Street
Cable Street
et
Stre
Millennium Bridge
eet
Fordham Str
Street
Fairclough
eet
de
Pin chin Street
ig
Ens
Str
her
West
Dock
oad
S
Can non
Warwick Lane
's Le Grand
King Edward Street
r Stre
et
Giltsp
u
Old Ba ile
y
lR
ape
oad
rt
ou
el R
eC
Vin
Batty Street
sage
h
itec
Wh
Mill Yard
as
D ur
Whitechapel
t
ree
St
oad
New R
ow
Fleet Place
hap
et
Settles Street
R
bers
Gower's Walk
eet
n Fis
Blackfriars Bridge
ue
t
Coke Stree
t Str
Do ck
Blackfr iars Road
tag
ld Road
Greenfie
Plum
e
Str e
Stree
oper
treet
Joh
ll
itec
Wh
ler
Ad
rS
mbe
Cha
Min
s
lo
et
et
tre
treet
cot S
Pres
al
R oy
Road
o ad
ce R
tre
rex S
treet
Hi
n
Valla
an S
h arf
to
Grea
Spelm
eet
horn
Hunton
Tower of
London
t
ee
eet
ht Str
twrig
ill
Tower H
Str
on
re
St
d
w ar
Commercial Road
t
ree
nS
et
d Stre
Tower
St
Car
r
wa
Alie
t
ee
tre
n Str
Haydo
Ol
Altab
Ali Park
ma
Le
By
St r
le
ck
Bu
Tower Gateway
Tower Hill
Street
dM
Fieldgate Stree
tree
Pepys Stree
eS
Underwood Road
nS
h
Hig
Tow
er W
London Bridge
l
pe
reet
k St
St Ma r
Stree
t
Duke S
treet H
ill
13
t
ee
Str London Fenchurch Street
Crosswall
tre
e
hS
et
The Que
ens W
alk
H ig
ry
83
Vallance
Gardens
et
Toole
y
Al d g
at e
nbu
t
tree
e
Str
es Stree
t
re S
tre
20
Selby Stree
t
Tr
a
bor
Os
St. Mary
at Hill
St.
Ma
ry a
t Hil
l
Lower
Tham
Gr
ea
tT
ow
er
S
gu
onta
e
orp
eap
nth
Gu
St r eet
12
Mit
a
ch
ite
Wh
Aldgate
26
ane
c
Fen
ar
ks
ell Street
Stree
Leadenha
ll Stree
ch
hu r
Aldgate East
Mans
Contains OrdnanceStrSurvey
data Crown copyright and database rights 2014; OpenStreetMap contributors
eet
18
14
et
tre
tre
et
Be
vis
es
Minori
ent
Cr e sc
ame
s
nS
15
16
Monument Eastch
Upp
er T
h
rshaft
17
rd
S
tw
en
W
et
Stre
orth
to
uls
Go
Lom
ba
reet
Fashion St
Thrawl
M
Old
es
Minori
eet
Vine Str
10
treet
23
nd
22
ane
Park
S
r
Cou
Cornhill
London Cannon Street
Coll
ege Stre
Upp er
et
Thame
s Str
eet
19
Bank
11
27
Fournier Street
ll L
Be
treet
L othbury
25
City of Ad
a s
London m
Bank of
8
England
Poultr
y
Wall
e
tre
xS
don
Princelet Street
Row
White's
se
dle
et
Lo n
Str
ee
t
Ha
L
Brick
ry
Artille
eet
Brushfield Str
h
tc
Street
Woo
dse
e r Street
Hanbury Street
21
Mid
Sumner Street
t re
24
Park Stre et
w ar
Tate
Modern
am
S
n St
re e
Ban ks
ide
et
re
St
u th
nd
t
Hopton Stree
So
Banksi
Ho
lla
tree
Seething Lane
la c
Paul's Walk
Guildhall
7
Mansion House
Queen Victoria S
kfriars P
Eld
on
S
London Liverpool Street
Surma
Allen
Gardens
Dray W
alk
Street
ne
Gre
sh
Can
no
Dista f
Paul's Walk
et
y Stre
Pedle
Calvin Street
eet
Ne
w
t
ee
Str
m
llia
Wi
Stre
et
se St
r
tree
Cheshire S
t
ge Stree
Dunbrid
Buxton Street
La
hyard
Carter Lane
London Blackfriars
Chea
psid
Pa ul's Churc
Ca r ter Lane
Finsbury
Prim
ro
Bill i ter Stre et
St
St Paul's
Cathedral
g
Kin
ge Stre et
New Brid
St
at e Hill
nge
ha
N ew C
Ludg
Sun
r St
ree
Fol gate
Weaver's
Fields Bethnal Green
Street
Bacon
Quaker Street
di
ds
un
Ho
Ch
Paul's
Moorgate
et
all Street
gh
Street
St Pauls
rd
rch Ya
Hea rn
a te
Gut ter Lane
on
Farringd
te S
tree
t
Street
Pinda
d
oa
nR
ee
Worship Street
London Wall
Bastion Highwalk
Britain
L itt le
New
ga
Museum of
London
Stre
a
thn
Be
r
lG
Shoreditch High Street Sclater Street
cus
Cir
sg
Fore
B a sin
r it
St Bartholomew's
ai
Hospital (Barts)n
d er
City Thameslink
Al
S
Spe ilk Stre
ed H et
ighw
alk
Wall
side
t
ee
Str
ttl
res
ne
La
ng
Lo
ir
a
hF
ot
Cl
Scrutton Str eet
Close
ane
en L
t
ee
Str
en
t
et
Bonhill Street
Chiswe
ll
er C
sh
te Street
se
ou
erh
ield
ithf
Hil
Aldersga
Sn
ow
Barbican
Li
Sm
u rt
rt
Cou
gl
Ea
art
Ch
on
e Ly
Whit
et
o
e C
Cowcross Street
Epworth Stre
et
Luke Stre
h Stree
Redchu rc
Granary
Gold
treet
hn S
ne
St Jo
La
hn's
tre
nS
tree
t
Fann St r ee
Jo
St
i tto
Br
Farringdon
eS
eet
Str
ferin
Duf treet
lS
Erro
sa g e
New Inn Yard

G
re
at
Ea
st
er
n
St
re
et
eS
sco
Ro
tun
For
City Road
et
tre
nS
tto
Su
t
a
Gre
ad
Leo Yar ell Ro
nw
Clerke
ad
tre
eet
Str
yS
o
ll R
n
oh
ur
sb
le
Ay
t
ART
tree AN D
rS
nne
Ba CTU
t
AR CH ITE
RE
e
tre
ow
hill R
Bu n
we
Gos
.J
St
Da
Leonard Street
Leonard
Circus
Paul Street
et
K EY STAG
E 3
et
eet
Leonard Str
e Street
Featherston
et
tre
Stre
t
e S Bank
SEKYS
C R AP
S AN
D BAN
Skyscrapers
ton E Rand
tre e K
Ge M
ing
TH
LON DON llCU
R R ICU LU
ld S LO N DO N
High Street
Spirit Quay
400 m

K EY STAG E 3
LON DON ART AN D

AR CH ITE CTU R E
84
S T PAU L S A N D T H E R I V E R
The famous dome of St Pauls Cathedral
stands as the symbolic heart of the City,
yet around it the embankments of the
Thames have been transformed from an
industrial and trading heartland to an
international cultural and economic hub.
Here is a wealth of post-war architecture
from the stark Brutalist forms of the
National Theatre and Hayward Gallery, to
the bright modernism of the Royal Festival
Hall and the contemporary City Hall and
More London.

1
St Pauls Cathedral
14 The Shard
City of London Information Centre
15 The Stone Spike
Paternoster Square
16 City Hall
3a Shepherd and Sheep
17 More London
One New Change
18 Tower Bridge
St Brides Church
19 The Tower of London
120 Fleet Street

(former Daily Express)
20 Blackfriars Station
HSBC Gates
22 Hayward Gallery
The Millennium Bridge
23 The Royal Festival Hall
The Tate Modern
10 Bankside
24 The London Pride

(The Southbank Centre)
11 The Globe Theatre
25 The London Eye
12 Borough Market
13 Southwark Cathedral
21 The National Theatre


K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T PAU LS CAT H E D R AL
MATE R IALS: Portland stone
ST YLE: English Renaissance/
Baroque
DATE: 1710
LOCATION: St. Pauls Churchyard,
EC4M 8AD
St Pauls Cathedral is the most

famous building designed by Sir
Christopher Wren and the bestknown example of the English
Baroque style.
It is the fourth building on this site

and replaced one destroyed in the
Great Fire.
Views of the dome are protected

by law.
Did you know?

If you whisper on one side of the
Whispering Gallery another person
can hear it clearly 100 feet away
on the other side.
ST PAU LS AN D TH E R IVE R
85

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
C I T Y O F LO N D O N
I N F O R MAT I O N C E NT R E
MATE R IALS: Glass and aluminium
AR CH ITECT: Make Architects
DATE: 2007
LOCATION: St Pauls Churchyard,
EC4M 8BX
The centre is a contemporary

landmark for visitors opposite
St Pauls Cathedral.
Its folded metallic shape is covered

in 220 stainless-steel panels.
Did you know?

The sloping roof allows rainwater
to be collected to flush toilets and
water plants nearby.
86

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
PATE R N O ST E R S Q UAR E
MATE R IALS: Stone and brick
ST YLE: Postmodern/contemporary
AR CH ITECT: Michael Hopkins
Architects, MJP, Allies and Morrison,
John Simpson, Eric Parry
DATE: 2003
LOCATION: Next to St Pauls
Cathedral, EC4M 8BX
Paternoster Square stands on an

area that was destroyed by the
Blitz in World War II.
The buildings, completed in 2003

were built in brick and stone like
the historic buildings around them.
Did you know?

The name Paternoster means
Our Father in Latin. In medieval
times the churchmen of the old
St Pauls Cathedral used to walk
along Paternoster Row, saying the
Paternoster prayer.
87

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S H E P H E R D AN D S H E E P
MATE R IALS: Bronze
ARTI ST: Dame Elisabeth Frink
DATE: 1975
LOCATION: Paternoster Square,
EC4M 7DX
The sculpture refers to the

livestock market that once stood on
this site.
It was commissioned for the

previous Paternoster Square
complex and was placed on a new
plinth when the new buildings were
completed in 2003.
88
3a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
O N E N E W C H AN G E
MATE R IALS: Glass
AR CH ITECT: Jean Nouvel, Sidell
Gibson Architects
DATE: 2011
LOCATION: 1 New Change,
EC4M 9AF
One New Change was the first

building in London by Jean Nouvel,
who heads one of the largest
architectural practices in France.
The building, containing offices

and shops, was the result of an
international competition.
Nouvels buildings have no

common style but he is fascinated
by the effects that the use of glass
can achieve.
Did you know?

It is the largest shopping centre
in the City of London.
89

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T B R I D E S C H U R C H
ST YLE: English Renaissance/
Baroque
DATE: 1672
LOCATION: Fleet Street, EC4Y 8AU
Christians have probably

worshipped on this site since the
7th century.
The building was one of the largest

and most expensive of the more
than 50 churches built by Wren
after the Great Fire in 1666.
It is famous for its tapering spire

(added in 17013), which is said
to have inspired the design of
wedding cakes.
90

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
12 0 F LE ET ST R E ET
( F O R M E R DAI LY E X P R E S S )
MATE R IALS: Glass and vitriolite
ST YLE: Art Deco
AR CH ITECT: Sir Owen Williams,
Robert Atkinson
DATE: 1932
LOCATION: 120 Fleet Street,
EC4A 2BB
The former Daily Express building

is one of the best examples of the
Art Deco style surviving in London.
The black glass curtain wall

revealed the building lit up at
night, showing that the journalists
were working on the next days
newspaper.
The building contains a dramatic

entrance hall including brightly
coloured wave patterned floor, gold
and silver leaf-covered ceiling, and
decorative wall sculpture, all typical
of the elaborate Art Deco style.
91

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
H S B C GAT E S
MATE R IALS: Steel
ARTI ST: Sir Anthony Caro
DATE: 1999/2000
LOCATION: Peters Hill, EC4V
These gates were designed as part

of the approach to the Millennium
Bridge.
There are two pairs of gates,

each consisting of a rectangular
steel tunnel with a narrow and a
wide end, topped by a narrower
rectangular tunnel.
92

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
M I LLE N N IU M B R I D G E
MATE R IALS: Steel
with Sir Anthony Caro
DATE: 1999
LOCATION: Bankside SE1
The Millennium Bridge was the first

new pedestrian bridge over the
Thames for more than 100 years.
The steel suspension bridge was

designed to create a much-needed
link between Bankside on the south
side of the river and St Pauls
Cathedral on the north side.
Did you know?

When it opened in the year 2000
it became known as the wobbly
bridge but its wobble was soon
corrected.
93

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E TATE M O D E R N
MATE R IALS: Brick
ST YLE: Modernist/contemporary
AR CH ITECT: Sir George Gilbert
Scott/Herzog & De Meuron
DATE: 1963/1999
LOCATION: Bankside, SE1 9TG
The Tate Modern building is one

of the best London examples of
how old industrial buildings can
be put to new uses.
The original building was Bankside

Power Station, with a striking
central brick chimney.
Herzog & De Meuron kept the

original structure but inserted new
galleries and a roof light box to
bring more light into the building.
Did you know?

About 4.2 million bricks were
used in the building of Bankside
power station.
94
10

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E G LO B E T H E AT R E
MATE R IALS: Timber, lime plaster
and water reed thatch
AR CH ITECT: Theo Crosby
DATE: 1963/1999
LOCATION: New Globe Walk,
SE1 9DT
The Globe Theatre is a modern

rebuilding of the original 16thcentury theatre connected with
William Shakespeare.
The actor, director and producer

Sam Wanamaker led a campaign
to reconstruct the original theatre
and build an education centre and
exhibition, which was eventually
completed in 1997, not far from the
site of the original theatre.
95
11

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
B O R O U G H M AR K ET
MATE R IALS: Glass, steel, brick
and iron
AR CH ITECT: Jestico and Whiles
DATE: 19th century/2013
LOCATION: 8 Southwark Street,
SE1 1TL
There has been a food market

in Borough High Street since the
13th century.
Most of the buildings on the site

date from the mid-19th century
and feature typical Victorian
glazed roofs.
A new all-glass structure next to

the new rail bridge provides views
of Southwark Cathedral.
Did you know?

One of the Harry Potter movies
was filmed in the streets around
the market.
96
12

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S O UTH WAR K
C ATH E D R AL
MATE R IALS: Stone
ST YLE: Gothic/Victorian
AR CH ITECTS: George Gwilt, Jun,
Robert Wallace, Arthur Blomfield
Richard Griffiths
DATE: 12201420/189097
LOCATION: London Bridge, SE1 9DA
Although this has been a place of

Christian worship for 1000 years,
the building has only been
a cathedral since 1905.
The building retains the basic

Gothic form built between the 13th
and 15th centuries, although part
of it was rebuilt in the 19th century
copying the medieval style.
Did you know?

The cathedral was visited by
Shakespeare and scenes from
his plays are shown in the stainedglass windows.
97
13

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E S HAR D
AR CH ITECTS: Renzo Piano
DATE: 2013
LOCATION: 32 London Bridge,
SE1 9SG
The Shard is 87 storeys high and

the tallest building in Western
Europe. The viewing platform is
at almost twice the height of any
other in London.
The architect was inspired by the

historic spires of London churches
shown in old paintings.
Angled glass panes reflect the sky

above; the buildings appearance
changes as the weather changes.
98
14

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E S TO N E S P I K E
AR CH ITECTS: Eric Parry Architects
S I Z E: 16m high
DATE: 19971999
LOCATION: London Bridge, SE1 9SG
The stone spike is at the south end

of London Bridge.
It was part of a project to make

a new public space and tourist
information centre (now closed)
for this area south of the river
which attracts many visitors.
The spike is a reminder that, in

the Middle Ages, the heads of
executed criminals were placed
on iron spikes on top of the
gatehouse that once stood at this
end of the bridge.
99
15

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
C I T Y HALL
AR CH ITECTS: Foster and Partners
DATE: 2002
LOCATION: The Queens Walk,
SE1 2AA
City Hall houses the offices

of the Mayor of London and the
London Assembly (the Greater
London Authority).
This rounded glass building was

created using advanced computer
modelling technology at the
design stage.
The building has many

environmentally friendly features,
including solar panels on the roof.
Inside the building is a huge

spiralling ramp, allowing visitors
to look in on the work inside.
100
16

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
M O R E LO N D O N
AR CH ITECTS: Foster and Partners
DATE: 2002
LOCATION: More London Riverside,
Tooley Street, SE1 2DB
More London regenerated an

undeveloped site on the south
bank of the Thames.
It includes many large glass-sided

office buildings that face the river,
providing views of Tower Bridge
and the Tower of London.
The space between the buildings

includes many pieces of public art
as well as water features.
101
17

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TO W E R B R I D G E
MATE R IALS: Cornish granite,
Portland stone and iron
ST YLE: Victorian/Gothic Revival
AR CH ITECTS: Horace Jones,
John Wolfe Barry
DATE: 1894
LOCATION: Tower Bridge Road,
SE1 2UP
Tower Bridge was built to create

a river crossing for Londons
growing East End.
The middle of the bridge splits

into two equal sections (bascules),
which can be raised to allow tall
ships through. The high-level
walkways were designed so that
the public could still cross the
bridge when it was raised.
It took 8 years and 432 construction

workers to build the bridge.
The bascules are raised about

1000 times a year.
102
18

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E TOW E R
O F LO N D O N
MATE R IALS: Stone
ST YLE: Norman, Medieval, Victorian
AR CH ITECTS: Anthony Salvin,
John Taylor (19th century)
DATE: 1070s to Middle Ages/
19th century
LOCATION: Tower Hill, EC2N 4AB
The White Tower, the main central

part, was built by William the
Conqueror to show his power
as the new King of England.
The towers main function until the

late 19th century was as a fortress
stronghold, hence the small
windows and high stone walls.
It was a place of execution and still

is the home of the Crown Jewels.
Wild animals, including, lions, polar

bears and elephants were kept at
the Tower for over 600 years.
103
19

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
B L AC K F R IAR S STAT I O N
MATE R IALS: Steel, glass and
photovoltaic panels
AR CH ITECTS: Jacobs Engineering
DATE: 2012
LOCATION: New Bridge Street,
EC4V 4DY
Blackfriars Station is the only

station to span the River Thames.
It is the worlds largest solar

powered bridge.
There are 4400 photovoltaic

panels on the roof, the largest
number on any building in London.
Did you know?

The bridge roof is very low because
it is designed to avoid blocking
views of St Pauls Cathedral.
104
20

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E NATI O NAL
TH E ATR E
ST YLE: Brutalist
AR CH ITECT: Denys Lasdun
DATE: 1976
LOCATION: Upper Ground,
South Bank, SE1 9PX
The National Theatre was the first

theatre to house Britains first truly
national theatre company, an idea
that had first been suggested
in 1848.
The building comprises a series

of interlocking terraces that
provide great views across and
down the river.
Did you know?

The building actually contains
three theatres, radically different
in design from one another and
following the different types of
historic theatre forms.
105
21

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E HAY WAR D
GALLE RY
ST YLE: Brutalist
AR CH ITECT: Dennis Crompton,
Warren Chalk, Ron Herron
DATE: 1968
LOCATION: South Bank Centre,
Belvedere Rd, SE1 8XX
Like the National Theatre, the

Hayward Gallery is one of Londons
best-known examples of Brutalist
architecture, with plain and roughly
finished concrete forms.
The galleries inside are lit by glass

pyramids on the flat roofs.
Did you know?

The Neon Tower, an artwork on
the top of the Gallery lift shaft,
changes colour depending on the
strength and direction of the wind.
106
22

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E R OYAL
F E S TI VAL H ALL
ST YLE: Post-war
ARCHITECT: London County Council
Architects/Allies and Morrison
DATE: 1951/2007
The Royal Festival Hall is the only

surviving building of the Festival
of Britain, an exhibition of science,
technology, design and the arts,
in 1951.
Its use of simple forms and

materials symbolised a new,
uplifting mood after World War II.
The building contains a 2,500-seat

concert hall as well as spaces for
dances, talks, bars and restaurants.
Recently the auditorium and

foyers have been restored and
reconfigured, and a new public face
onto the River Thames created.
107
23

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
T H E LO N D O N P R I D E
( S O UTH BAN K C E NT R E )
MATE R IALS: Bronze
S I Z E: 142 x 140 x 202 cm
ARTI ST: Frank Dobson
DATE: 1951
This sculpture of two seated

women, like the Royal Festival
Hall, is a reminder of the Festival
of Britain in 1951.
It formed part of an artistic

programme for the Festival that
featured more than 30 sculptures
by leading British artists of
the day.
108
24

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E LO N D O N EYE
AR CH ITECTS: Marks Barfield
DATE: 2000
LOCATION: Riverside, County Hall,
Westminster Bridge Rd, SE1 7PB
This feat of engineering design

has become a feature of the
London skyline since it opened to
celebrate the Millennium in 2000.
The wheel represents the turning

of time into the new millennium.
Passengers in the capsules can

see up to 40km in all directions.
Did you know?

More than 50 million visitors have
taken a ride on the wheel since
it opened.
109
25
Russell Square
To we
r Bridg
Pe
tt y W
ales
e Approac
Tham
es
ha
St
ree
Dr
uid
Ja
m
ai
St
re
et
200
Jac
ill
ob
Street
ca
Ro
tre
ey S
Abb
et
Bermondsey
En
id
k inger
St
re
et
400 m
ad
Lane
eet
ne
Mark La
R ile
sb y R
ow
C ro
et
B is
r
Un
S tr
eet
ridge
Londo
nB
Stre
et
Hig
h
roug
h
Bo
Sw
an
e
Way
Hermitage
Entrance
a st
Ap
po
ld
Str
e et
ho
ps
gat
e
tr e
et
dS
oa
Br
t
Str
ee
urc
h
rac
ech
Walb
rook
k Br
idge
Sou
thw
ar
eet
s Str
A yre
et
St
re
ary
Sa
nc
tu
Deal Street
t
Stree
Stre
et
Wil
s on
sb
Fin
Old J
e
Wilso
n
ry Pavem
ent
Finsbu
Lane
Moor
or L
ane
Mo
wry
Foster Lane
Brid
ge
ark
th w
So u
au
se
wa
y
nC
ng
to
wi
y Roa
Great Suffolk S
tree
Cole
m an Street
Moorg
ate
Stre
et
Woo
d
en
Old Baile
y
Ne
pu
r
sR
oa
He
rc
ule
Carlisle
Millennium Bridge
Blackfriars Bridge
ow
W
eb
be
rR
d
Roa
ylis
Ba
Lane
tree
t
Ro
ad
Yo
rk
Upp
Bow La
n
Ely Place
Fetter Lane
Ne
w
Fe
tter Lan
e
Fetter Lane
Ro
ad
dere
Belv
e
la ce Roa
d
Pa
Blackfriars Road
ee
t
Wa
lk
et
h
rma
nS
Ac
re
Str
The Q
ueen
's
Hermitage
Basin
George Row
Pea
G re
Pa
rk
at
er
Q
ue
en
St
r
tre
et
Lo
Am
ment
Embank
eet
Victoria
n Str
eet
ee
S tr
The Terrace
et
o re
Gr
an
ge
Walk
et
et
Stre
D o ck
et
St John's
Estate
y Street
Abbe
ig
Ens
St
re
et
lk
Gower's Wa
et
re
St
tre
e's
Ja
Old
De
c
yS
rd S
t re
et
N ec
ger
Ne ckin
w
La
To
ol
e
Stre et
Purbrook Estate
ar
in
Str
Butler's
Street
re
et
d
oa
White
Cube
ws
Me
d T Wharf
ha
me
s
Ga
ins
fo
y
Maltb
Tanner
La
ne
tre
et
range
The G
lm
Fa
th
ou
St
yS
Whites Grounds Estate
Tyers
Estate
et
ad
Ro
Dickens
Square
an
c ip
le
s
Sno w sfi e ld
im
tre
d
Roa
S
ll th
Ke wor
y
Ke
th
ee
t
er
c
rra
Te
et
re
St
rd
et
ba
re
Ta
St
er
ov
tD
et
d
Roa
gton
Ba
Str
ea
Gr
tre
Ha
rp
S
Tri
nit
y
re
r St
Lo
ng
et
tre
Wa
lk
Lockyer
Estate
Sh a
St Olave's
Estate
eet
y Str
ndse
Too
le
o
Berm
Borough
East
Dock
18
16
eld
hfi
as M
T h a lk
W
fields
Snows
et
West
Dock
Ka
th
17
Str
e
rf
St
London Bridge
Guy's
Hospital
ome
n
Tower of
London
it
Sm
Ea st
S tar Place o
m
Sun
T he Q
uee
ns W
alk
12
Ne
wc
ill
19
et
tre
15
S
n treet
so
n
W ha
nS
et
treet
rk S
Tower Hill
Towe r H
ma
Le
es Stre
Tower Gateway
Tow
er
to
Wes
Co
llin
tree
t
Crosswall
tre
et
rd Street
wa
By
et
t re
treet
cot S
Pres
eet
r Str
mbe
Cha
eet
t Str
l Min
R oy a
London Fenchurch Street
eS
St Ma
et
tre
Ali
ll Street
Manse
nS
treet
oa
lR
hit
WAltab
Ali Park
et
e
tr
h S
Aldgate East
Hig
el
ap
Com mercial Roa
h
c
d
it e
Wh
es
Minori
eet
Vine Str
Lower Th
am
Str
igh
dg a t e H
Al
hS
hurc
Fe nc
pe
ha
ec
Aldgate
t
tree
eS
le
Ad
ex
ar
ks
t re
xS
tore
s
le
Eastcheap G
rea
tT
ow
St. Mary
er
at Hill
S
ree
St
ton
uls
Go
et
re
St
dd
Unio
ch
et
Stre
d
san
tagu
Street
Grea
e
Lan
Mi
Lim
ane
Brick L
ll
Be
et
ne
t
di
ds
un
Leaden
hall S
Stree
et
t re
Commercial S
La
d
Roa
Road
Borough
London
South Bank
University
shaft
Monument
13
rk Stre
et
Copperfield Street
Lom an Street
et
Stre
on
nd
Lo
th
ad
Ro
14
R ow
Surrey
Webber St
reet
Clink Stre
Sumner S treet
S ou
thwa
Ho
k
Chic
on
Old M
treet
rth S
two
en
W
110
Ha
nbu
ry
reet
Fashion St
St r
Be
vis
Old
St
re e
t
t
ee
Str
Stre e
Union Street
Nelson
Square
Lom
bar
d
11
Park
Wall
Cornhill
Upp
er T
ham
es
ry
Artille
ee
de
Bank
eet
do n
City of
London
m
llia
Wi
ames
Str
St r
ate Stree
t
eet
Brushfield Str
Ne
w
Lon
London Cannon Street
Folg
London Liverpool Street
on
Cir
ury cu
g
Kin
et
ad
et
Ro
re
St
d
r
fo
Uf
e
Wellington
mb
La
Mills
Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database rights 2014;Estate
OpenStreetMap contributors
m
La
Park S tr e
t
Cu
Plac
Stre
et
Bank of
England
Poultr
y
Mansion House
Banksid
e
Tate
9
Modern
Austin Terrace
Bridge Road
Stree
treet
Upper
Th
rS
te
as
nc
La
ad
Ro
in
Kenn
tmin
ster
Carter La ne Canno
n
Eld
K
eats
et
all Street
gh
Bas in
Stre
Sun
Moorgate
London Wall
Chea
psid
Queen Victoria S
et
tre
ll S
et
hi
re
ss
St
la
G
r th
wo
sh
Ru
loo
er
at
W
Road
Lambeth North
es
Lane
ch
oa
pr
Ap ony
c
al
h
Mars
er
e
Th
la
Southwark
eet
re
M it
sh
ar
rM
we
o
L
en
Gold
t
tree
d
Roa
all
et
Stre
nge
ha
New C
n
Paris Garde
elds
Hatfi
S
Coin
rnw
Co
Westminster Bridge
et
10
et
re
St
Lambeth
20
Hol
pell
Rou
St Thomas'
Hospital
re
St
Fore
Guildhall
Gre
sha
mS
t re
et
nd
idg
Br
County
Hall
d
for
Hill
nd
rou
Str
tton
Woo
Stati
o
The n
B
London Waterloo
Westminster
am
St
te Street
loo
a te Hill
t
opton Stree
ter
Wa
Paul's Walk
London Waterloo East

Waterloo
St Pauls
Court
Addle
et
Jubilee
Gardens
e
tre
Aldersga
il l
H
Street
tre
23
S
on
Do
t
ee
on
Farringd
Shoe Lane
dS
22
Str
arden
Road
don
ring
Far
ill
nH
ffro
Sa by Street
Kir
Lane
nG
Hatto
ther
fo r
old
en
Jub
Go
lde
ilee
nJ
Brid
ubil
ge
ee
Brid
ge
25
National
21
Theatre
Wall
side
te S
tree
t
South
Bank
24
New
ga
Ludg
Inner
Temple
Garden
rG
pe
Up
Silk
Stre
et
B astion Highwalk
London Blackfriars
nt
km e
ban
Em
et
tre
ld S
Fleet Street
ace
Pl
oy
av
ne
La
ng
L o Fair
h
t
lo
C
City Thameslink
Tudor Street
Temple
Embankment
St
re
et
Lea
nd
et
Carter Lane
ane
ple L
Tem
d
an
Str
ra
St
an
et
re
Sn
ow
rn V
iad
uct
reet
Barbican
tre
eS
us
ho
r
e
rt
ie
ithf
Sm
Holb
o
Midd le
d
Be
rd
St
ia
tor
Vic
nd
ra
St
t St
Flee
nd
Stra
ll
se
us
r
ete
Ex
l Ya
Bel
Courts of
Justice
rd
lfo
Mi
ane
yL
u ar e
eet
S tr
al
e et
y Str
Care Royal
Aldwych
Cr
av
en
cer
an
Ch
et
oad
treet
rtug
Po
Sq
's
In n
Fie
lds
w
Ne
coln
Lin
an
e
a
Ch
Holbo rn
Lincoln's
Inn Fields
a
gsw
Kin
ry
L
Wild
S
Covent
Garden
nR
et
Stre
ow
ru
F lo
ark
ne P
tsto
Whe
et
et et
re
re
e
St
St
n
kli
ac
Covent Garden
cester Square
Chancery Lane
ng
tre
lS
ra
s In
R
on
Lion
pt
Holborn
on
el t
Gray's
Inn
Holborn
Sh
s
ield
's F
key
Joc
Row
ord
Re d
am
e
tre
oad
sR
bald
heo
f
Bed
S
ell
sw
Bo
ay
yW
y'
Gra
ews
ar
qu
Gray's
Inn
Fields
nS
e
ac
Pl
h
ut
So
d
or
df
Be
ms
oo
Bl
r
bu
ART AN DFarringdon
AR CH ITE CTU R E
Lane
pool
Port
hn S t reet
St Jo
e
ue
K EY STAG E 3
itto
Br
ad
Clerkenw ell Ro
M
n's
Joh
ST
PAU
LSand
AN
Dthe
TH E R IVE R
St
Pauls
TH
E LON
DON CU
R R ICU
LU MRiver LO N DO N
Spital Street
a i ca Road
t
Frean Stree

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
111
TR AFALG AR S Q UA R E ,
W E S TM I N ST E R A N D T H E S T R A N D
In an area that combines the powers
of government, royalty and the law,
the architecture is naturally majestic
and imposing. The Victorian Gothic
Revival dominates the great buildings
and institutions from the Palace of
Westminster to the Royal Courts of
Justice. Monuments line the streets and
squares, while Trafalgar Squares Fourth
Plinth sparks debate about the place and
value of public art.

1
Trafalgar Square
12 Somerset House
1a Nelsons Column and Four

Bronze Lions
13 Kings College
1b The Fourth Plinth
15 St Clement Danes Church
The National Gallery
16 Lincolns Inn Fields
National Gallery Sainsbury Wing
17 The Sir John Soane Museum
St Martin in the Fields
18 Royal Opera House
14 Two Temple Place
4a Edith Cavell Memorial
19 St Pauls Church, Covent Garden
Horse Guards
20 The Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA)
Banqueting House
21 Waterloo Place
Portcullis House
The Palace of Westminster
Westminster Abbey
10 The Cenotaph
11 Parliament Square


K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TR A FA LGAR S Q UAR E
MATE R IALS: Stone
AR CH ITECTS: Sir Charles Barry
DATE: 1840
LOCATION: Trafalgar Square,
WC2N 5DN
In 1838 the architect Sir Charles

Barry presented a plan to develop
the square.
The fountain was originally

intended to reduce the amount of
available space and therefore the
risk of riotous gatherings, though
the square remains a place for
rallies and demonstrations.
At the beginning of the new

millennium the square underwent
another transformation as traffic
was removed from the north side.
TRAFALGAR SQUAR E, WE STM I N STE R AN D TH E STRAN D
112

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
N E LS O NS C O LU M N AN D
F O U R B R O N Z E LI O N S
MATE R IALS: Stone and Bronze
AR CH ITECTS: William Railton
DATE: 1843
WC2N 5DN
This classical column and statue

honours the British naval hero
Admiral Horatio Nelson, who died
victorious in the Battle of Trafalgar
in 1805.
The four lions at the base were

added later and were designed
by the famous Victorian artist
Sir Edwin Landseer.
Did you know?

The statues bronze platform
was made from old guns from
the Woolwich Arsenal Foundry
in south-east London.
113
1a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E FO U RT H P LI NT H
WC2N 5DN
There is a plinth at each of the

four corners of Trafalgar Square
the one at the northwest corner
was designed to hold a statue
of King William IV on a horse,
but funds for this ran out so it
remained empty.
The Fourth Plinth, as it is known,

is now the site for specially
commissioned contemporary
artworks.
Funded by the Mayor of London,

the programme invites world class
artists to make astonishing new
works for the centre of the
capital city.
114
1b

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E NATI O NAL GALLE RY

AR CH ITECT: William Wilkins
DATE: 1838
WC2N 5DN
The National Gallery was designed

to house a new national art
collection for everyone to enjoy, in
the very centre of London.
To help save money columns from

the recently demolished Carlton
House nearby were used in the
main faade.
A lot of people criticised the

design when it was built, saying
the dome was too small, and the
columns too short.
Did you know?

The gallery now contains space
big enough to hold 2,000 London
double-decker buses.
115

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
NATI O NA L GALLE RY
S AI N S B U RY W I N G
ST YLE: Postmodern
AR CH ITECT: Venturi, Scott-Brown
and Associates
DATE: 1991
WC2N 5DN
The Sainsbury Wing was a new

wing of the National Gallery built
to house the collection of early
Renaissance paintings.
It is the same height and in the

same stone as the main Gallery,
but it combines classical and
modern features, such as the large
rectangular entrances.
The mix of references to other

architectural forms, such
Victorian warehouses and ancient
Egyptian temples, is typical of
Postmodernist design.
116

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T MAR TI N I N
TH E F I E LD S
AR CH ITECT: James Gibbs/Eric
Parry Architects
DATE: 1726/2009
WC2N 4JJ
The classical design of the church

was influenced by the work of Sir
Christopher Wren.
The churchs impressive portico,

approached by a flight of steps,
consists of eight Corinthian
columns, which support a pediment
decorated with the royal arms of
George I.
The design was later widely copied

in other countries, especially the
United States.
A renewal project, completed in

2009, created a new entrance
pavilion to the crypt below.
117

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
E D I TH C AV E LL M E M O R IAL
MATE R IALS: White marble against
a grey granite cross
S I Z E: 8m high
ARTI ST: Sir George Frampton
DATE: 1920
LOCATION: St Martins Place
WC2
Edith Cavell was a British nurse

in World War I who was executed
by the German army for having
helped Allied soldiers to escape.
Many memorials to her were

created around the world.
This memorial has a statue of

Cavell standing against a plinth
with a cross and statue of the
Virgin and Child.
118
4a

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
H O R S E G UAR D S
ST YLE: Palladian
AR CH ITECT: William Kent
DATE: 1759
LOCATION: Whitehall, SW1A 2EU
Horse Guards is a large building

between Whitehall and Horse
Guards Parade, designed to
provide accommodation and
stabling for the Household Cavalry.
The rustication on the buildings

facades gives it a plainness and
sense of strength suited to its
military use.
Fun fact
Horse Guards became the back
drop for the beach volleyball
tournament in the London Olympic
Games in 2012.
119

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
B A NQ U ET I N G H O U S E
ST YLE: Jacobean/Palladian
AR CH ITECT: Inigo Jones
DATE: 1622
LOCATION: Whitehall, SW1A 2ER
The Banqueting House is the only

surviving part of the old Palace
of Whitehall.
It is considered to be the first

classical-style building in England.
Jones had travelled to Italy to see

its architecture at first hand, and
returned to England with what at
the time were revolutionary ideas.
King Charles I was executed on

a scaffold outside the building
in 1649.
120

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
P O R TC U LLI S H O U S E
MATE R IALS: Sandstone
and metal
AR CH ITECT: Hopkins and Partner
DATE: 2000
LOCATION: Victoria
Embankment, SW1A 0AA
Portcullis House provides office

space for more than 200 Members
of Parliament, as there is not
enough space for all MPs in the
Palace of Westminster.
The design with its tall chimneys

was intended to harmonise with
the vertical forms of the Victorian
Gothic Houses of Parliament
opposite.
The chimneys are actually part of

an environmentally-friendly system
that draws in fresh air and expels
stale air naturally from the building.
121

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E PAL AC E O F
W E S TM I N STE R
MATE R IALS: Clipsham stone
ST YLE: Gothic revival
AR CH ITECT: Charles Barry/
Augustus W. N. Pugin
DATE: 1840 1870
LOCATION: Westminster,
SW1A 0AA
The Gothic Revival buildings of the

Palace of Westminster are among
the most recognised buildings in
the world.
The Palace we see today was

a rebuilding after a great fire
destroyed almost all of the old
Palace in 1834.
The medieval Westminster Hall,

which had survived the fire of 1834,
was incorporated in Barrys design.
122

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
W E S TM I N ST E R AB B EY
MATE R IALS: Stone
ST YLE: Gothic
AR CH ITECT: Henry of Reyns, John
of Gloucester and Robert of Beverley
(master masons)
DATE: 1269 through to 1745
LOCATION: 20 Deans Yard,
SW1P 3PA
The Abbey stands on the site of

a church built by King Edward
(Edward the Confessor) in the
1040s, known as the West Minster
(St Pauls Cathedral was known
as the East Minster). Parts of this
church remain in the foundations.
King Henry III called for an Abbey

to be built for the coronation and
burial of monarchs.
The design is typically Gothic.
Almost every monarch since

William the Conqueror has been
crowned in the Abbey.
123

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
TH E C E N OTAP H
ST YLE: Classical
AR CH ITECT: Sir Edwin Lutyens
DATE: 1920
LOCATION: Whitehall, SW1A 2BX
The Cenotaph is the main national

war memorial in the UK.
The word cenotaph means empty

tomb in Greek.
The cenotaph was originally a

temporary wood and plaster
structure for the first anniversary
of the Armistice of World War I in
1919, but public support meant
that it was made into a permanent
stone memorial.
124
10

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
N E LS O N M AN D E LA
S TATU E
MATE R IALS: Bronze
S I Z E: 2.7m high
AR CH ITECT: Ian Walters
DATE: 2007
LOCATION: Parliament Square,
SW1P 3JX
This statue of the former South

African President and antiapartheid activist Nelson Mandela
was the result of a campaign from
2001 onwards.
Originally intended for Trafalgar

Square, the statue is located in
Parliament Square alongside other
important political figures such
as the US President Abraham
Lincoln and British Prime Ministers
Benjamin Disraeli and Winston
Churchill.
125
11

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S O M E R S ET H O U S E
MATE R IALS: Stone
AR CH ITECT: Sir William Chambers
and James Wyatt
DATE: 1780 1801
LOCATION: The Strand, WC2R 1LA
Somerset House is a large

Neoclassical building situated on
the south side of the Strand and
overlooking the Thames.
The building was designed to be

an object of national splendour
housing many government
departments and learned societies.
When Somerset House was first

built, the River Thames lapped
the South Wing where three great
arches allowed boats and barges
to access landing places.
126
12

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
K I N G S C O LLE G E
LO N D O N
MATE R IALS: Stone
ST YLE: Neoclassical/Gothic/
Post-war
AR CH ITECT: Sir Robert Smirke
Sir Giles Gilbert Scott
E. D. Jefferiss Mathews
DATE: 1831/1864/1972
LOCATION: The Strand, WC2R 1LA
Kings College London is one

of the UKs oldest universities,
founded in 1829.
The front of the building by Smirke

along the Embankment follows
the design of the original architect
Sir William Chambers for the
neighbouring Somerset House.
A new building facing the Strand

was with the expansion of higher
education in the 1960s.
127
13

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
T W O TE M P LE P LAC E
ST YLE: Victorian Gothic
Tudor revival
AR CH ITECT: John Loughborough
Pearson
DATE: 1895
LOCATION: 2 Temple Place,
WC2R 3BD
Two Temple Place is a Victorian

mansion built by the wealthy
businessman William Waldorf
Astor, then probably the richest
man in the world.
The building, designed as his

office and residence in London,
was built in the Tudor revival style,
with large windows inspired by
those in Elizabethan houses.
The weather vane represents

the ship Santa Maria in which
Columbus sailed to America.
128
14

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
S T C LE M E NT
DA N E S C H U R C H
MATE R IALS: Stone
AR CH ITECT: Sir Christopher Wren/
James Gibbs
DATE: 1680; steeple added in 1719
LOCATION: The Strand,
WC2R 1DH
St Clement Danes is the

only church designed by Sir
Christopher Wren outside the
City of London.
The church was badly bomb

damaged during the Second
World War with only the steeple
and external walls left standing.
The interior of the church was

entirely rebuilt and dedicated
to the Royal Air Force in 1958.
129
16

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
S NAPS HOT
LI N C O LN S I N N F I E LD S
MATE R IALS: Brick and stone
ST YLE: Classical/Victorian/post-war
AR CH ITECT: Various including:
Inigo Jones, Sir John Vanbrugh, Sir
John Soane and Sir Edwin Lutyens
DATE: 149018th century
LOCATION: Lincolns Inn Fields,
WC2A 3TL
Lincolns Inn Fields is the largest

public square in London and takes
its name from Lincolns Inn, one
of the four Inns of Court to which
barristers in England and
Wales belong.
The square is a good place to view

buildings from different periods
and in different styles.
Look out for: Sir John Soanes

Museum, formerly the home of the
architect, on the north side, with
its round arched windows.
130
16
Ridgemount
Gardens
we
Go
e
ac
et
re
St
Russell
Square
Queen Square
Gardens
The Alf
Barnett
Playground
oba
T he
lds
ad
Ro
et
re
e
ac
Row
ord
Gray's
Inn
Fields
Field
Lincoln's
Inn
rt
Cou
Holborn
n
arde
ne
G
ins
La
Bourne
pool Estate
Port Football
Verulam
Gardens Ground
w
Bald
Gray's Inn
Chancery Lane
at
P
ry
Bu
et
ad
Ro
t
ee
Str
e
la c
a
gsw
Kin
Ch
coln
Lin
ce
an
ings
u ild
Garden
ldings
Bui
eet
Str
ho
So
Sq u
are
y
qu
w S reet
Ne
St
rle
Se
Bel
et
t Str e
t
ee
Str
ur S
rdo
Wa
De
c
Sta
S
ey
al
Ne
St
a
gsw
Kin
e
tre
et
re
's
l Yard
an
Frit
ek
Gre
S tre
Str
hS
eet
Str
t
M
x
Le
tree
ee t
t
tree
Ch a
c
er
ring
er
re
St
Ja
re
St
Es
Mi d dle
ton
ing
re
St
es
et
Inner
Temple
Garden
Elm
Court
La
ple
Tem
Middle
Temple
Garden
ne
La
ry
ick
t
tree
dS
lan
Po
dle
Bri
re
St
ss
Cro
et
et
S
rey
Sur
Mil
et
tre
xS
se
La
d
for
n
La
et
d
Roa
et
ne
ice
Le
e
lac
eP
on
thb
Ra
rw
Be
Flee
B
Rolls
s
Bream
le
Grevil
St Dunstan-in-the-West
22
Lane
t
re e
ar e
y St
d
Roa
Stre
F ield
eet
Str
ne
14
Stree
Fleet Street
S
Air
t
rt S
pe
Ru
t
tree
et
tre
d
Bedfor
Be
d fo
rd
t re
yS
vo
Sa
tre
et
nt
ge
Re
t
eet
a
ee
Str
Squ
Str
lk
mb
s ter
ffo
itco
Su
Wh
nS
do
en
Ox
bury
t
ee
St r
am
Ad
Ha
et
tre
ym
et
re
St
Bernie
et
ark
ter
Wa
loo
St
lg a
T rafa
et
e
id g
Br
all
adw
Bro
et
tre
m
Ja
re
ua
Sq
's
es
rnw
Co
all
Stre
et
Hatfields
lk
Wa Green
eet
Mil
d Str
le r
Gardens
dS
fo r
Thee
pell
Rou
t
ee
Str
ehall
W hit
London Waterloo East

et
Stre
tton
Woo
u
oro
r lb
Ma
gh
ad
Ro
d
Roa
p
Ap
Corn
ny
co
al
ro
wall
h
ac
Roa
d
a te
W
rlo
o
ad
Ro
Storey's G a te
Ne
e
at
treet
St. Ann's S
n
Ken
Tufton
nR
ingto
Bro
o
Street
400 m
kD
r iv
e
Geraldine Mary
Harmsworth Park
Austin
Terrace
St
re
et
ut
bb
er
eC
Th
W
e
Waterloo
Millennium
Green
Fra
zier
Stre
et
Road
ur
treet
Lion
eet
Str
17
n
's In
lds
al
15
Care Royal
Courts of
Justice
nd
Stra
Temple
t
me n
sh
ar
nd
ou
Gr
m
Sta
per
Up
South BankSpain
S
Kirby
Red Lion
Square
le
Eag
oln
Linc
Fie
Lincoln's
Inn16
Fields
In n
13
rtug
Po
LSE
rand
St
ch
wy
Ald
nd
bank
Em
National
Theatre
t
ee
Str
S ta
tion
The
B
Saint John the

Evangelist's
Churchyard
on
Do
er
Leath
et
re
treet
an
ra
St
toria
Vic
Inn
e
Gr
y
ur
sb
m
Wild
S
Ke
nd
12
alk
W
n's
Southbank
Skatepark
Waterloo
r
we
Lo
Lambeth North
Wellington Mills
Estate
London Waterloo
Ro
yal
Archbishop's
Park
Str
eet
Lambeth
Ro
ad
y's
Gra
oo
Bl
et
re
St
orn
h Holb
Holborn Hig
Holborn
t
ree
et
St
tre
ell
rS
sw
Bo
ste
w
ce
Ro
ou
n
Gl
to
mp
ha
ut
So
Old
Bloomsbury
Square
et
re
St
D
ru
r
yL
an
e
ou
rt
C
eS
tre
et
e
ac
Pl
a
Str
et
re
St
ath
eri
n
y
vo
r
ete
Ex
Sa
Field
St
et
tre
ay
W
ry
et
re
bu
St
r
rte
Ba
in
kl
Soho
ac Gym
M
Dragon Court
ms
oo
Bl
ns
de
ar
G
et
Cr
ow
nC
Covent
Garden
19
re
St
et
e
an
nL
nd
ide
Ma
ra
St
m
da
Victoria
Embankment
ey's
rt
S
ell
ss
re
Bo
Royal
Opera18
House
Covent Garden
on
St
t'
or
Sh
elt
re
et
re
St
et
re
St
Ac
al
or
ng
Lo
Fl
ng
Ki
St
re
et
Aven
ue
R ed
Ru
e
gu
ta
on
at
Sh
William IV Street
berla
nd
f
Bed
u
Co
rd
dfo
Be
an
t
all
k
Joc
ea
Gr
British
Museum t
ur
Co
Gre
treet
rd S
Seven
Dials
Pl
t
ur
Co
s
ew
t
tree
e
Stre
lls
We
S
M
e
lac
i ll
Pl
Oxfo
r ee
Bloomsbury
e
gu
ta
on
ll St
New
St Giles
Phoenix
Garden
W
es
t
tre
et
kS
tree
t
w
New Ro
Leicester Square Garric
National
2
Gallery
d
or
df
Be
lac
wm
Ne
S
ers
t
ee
Str
t
ee
dP
am
nh
tte
To
t
ree
M
ers
n
Ber
ly
t
ree
Str
eet
Str
Leicester
Square
re
e
Th
P
all
Jubilee
Gardens
Westminster Bridge
County
Hall
Go
lde
n
Jub
Go
ilee
ld
B
e
nJ
ridg
ubil
e
ee
Brid
ge
Gardens
st
Ea
all
ll M
Pa
Cr
u ar e
Cockspu
av
r Street r Sq
en
Embankment
North
um
20
iteh
Wh
W estminster Bridge
Whitehall
Garden
Horse Guards Av en
u
10
St Thomas'
Hospital
La
200
Cosser Street
H
ron
et
s
tre
ew
rM
we
Go
eS
St
ll
e
ac
re
et
re
St
or
St
e
ar
usse
at R
ue
en
Av
Bedford
Square
u
Sq
Gre
rd
df o
Be
Tottenham Court Road
n
pto
m il
Ro
rd
rra
Ge
le
L is
Ma
rr
Te
e
Parad
King Charles Street
Westminster
Westminster
Bridge Street
Speaker's
New
Yard
Green
Palace
w Pa l
Yard
Street
College
Green
Cromwell
Green
Whitehall
ry
11
Parliament
Square
PP
tua
nc
Sa
llege
Lambeth
Palace
Garden
d
Roa
eth
al
W
ff
Sa
fre
Al
St
et
re
et
ld
St
treet
ho
So
Soho
Square
are
Sq u
m
Co
StOAnnes
Church
Grounds
ld
t
ale
fi e
St
rcy
Pe
S
Oxford
tre
hit
rS
Goodge Street nies

e
Good
Ch
Vibes
e
tre
k S
Soho
et
re
St
ll
Pa
se
ou
nH
21
rlto
Ca
Piccadilly Circus
t
ree
eM
Th
e Walk
Saint
Saint
James's
James's
Park Lake
Park
all
Circus
Piccadilly
St
re
ua
's
es
g
Birdca
d
oa
Br
Westminster
Tothill Street
t
een Anne's Ga
St James's Park
Dean's
Yard
Grea
t Co
Victoria
Tower
Gardens
b
Lam
h
et
Ely Place
W
te
lo t
ar
Ch
n
Ber
et
er
ew
Br
ent Street
Fra
t
Caxton Stree
nce
m
Ja
St
Street
Dean's
Great Peter
S mith
er Lane
F ett
Temple Avenue Bouverie Street
Leather L ane
Fetter Lane
Fetter Lane
TR AFALGAR
S QUARWestminster
E , W E STM I N STE
AN DStrand
TH E STR AN D
Trafalgar
Square,
andRThe
tre
wic
ad
B ro
S
ak
Be
Golden
Square
Reg
t
ee
s's
me
Ja
Str
illy
ad
t
ee
ha
Petty
ck
in g
Sq
St James's
St
Square
Gardens
yn
c
Pic
rm
Je
Str
St.
James's
g
Kin
Bu
Old Pye Street
Christchurch eet
tr
Gardens
aS
to r i
Vic
Artillery
Mansions
e
4 Park
Channel
Greycoat Gardens
Gre
yc o a t Plac
Street
Marsham
Romney S treet
t
oa
eyc
Gr
Monck Street
Str
k
Millban
oad
Whitgift Estate
St Mary'sKnot
Garden
Gardens
Th
e
Q
| ue
Roa
d
et
St
re
en
Pa
rk
e
tQ
ue
Gr
ea
Ne
w
tree
t
an S
Pea
rm
Sp
ment
Embank
Victoria
The Terrace
Belv
e
A
Jo
hn
ue
A ven
bu
ry
fte
s
Furnival Street
ow
Me
ad
R
Westminster
School Survey data Crown copyright and database rights
Lambeth
Contains Ordnance
St John's
2014; OpenStreetMap
contributors
Victoria Tower
Bridge
Playing Field
Gardens
Gardens South
d
Ro
a
a ce
dere
Road
Pa
l a ce
th
be
Qu
Sh
a
Yard
ay
Bro
adw
rds
Gua
Hor se
Horseferry Road
Squ a
oat
la ce
Ro
ch
es
ter
Ro
w
He
rc u
les
La
m
b
ce
Howick Pla
enc
Yo
rk
Ro
ad
Carlisle
Lane
tree
t
Sail
S
131
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
K EY
STAG E 3
Gr e
Farringdo
South
eet

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
132
A RT O F WALK I N G
G LO S S ARY
KEYWORDS: Green: styles, periods and movements | Blue: materials | Yellow: historical events/things
360 degree
a complete view all the way around or from a building
accessible
a building or part of a building that can be reached or used by people with disabilities
accommodation
one or more rooms for living in
aesthetic
from the point of view of beauty
altar
the table in a Christian church used in the sacred part of a religious service
aluminium
a silvery white and extremely light metal
amphitheatre
an open, circular or oval building with a central space where theatre or sporting events are held, surrounded
by seating
a curved structure spanning an opening in a building
arch
Art Deco
art gallery
a style of architecture and design popular in the 1920s and 1930s, with geometric shapes, bright colours and
symmetrical forms
a room or building used to display art
Arts and Crafts
a style of architecture and design in the late 19th century, which looked back to the medieval period
avenue
a wide street or approach to a building
backdrop
a setting or background
balustrade
a series of posts supporting a handrail, usually made of metal or wood
Baroque
a style of architecture found mostly in continental Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries and which has
complex and highly decorated forms

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
G LO S S A RY C O NTI N U E D
battlement
the top of a wall, especially of a fortress or castle, that has squared openings for shooting through
bay
a vertical division on the inside or outside of a building
bay window
a window that projects outwards from a building
the Blitz
air raids by Germany on Britain in 1940-41, during the Second World War
bow-fronted
a curved window projecting outwards
brickwork
the pattern, type or layout of bricks used in a building
bronze
a hard brown metal made by mixing copper with tin
brushed steel
a type of steel with a polished but non-reflective surface
Brutalist
a 20th-century architectural style using plain geometric forms and concrete without any decoration
buttress
a piece of a building projecting from a wall to provide additional strength
cast iron
a type of iron used for buildings, railings and gates
castle
a large medieval building, with thick walls, battlements and towers to protect it against attack
cathedral
the main Christian church in a region, usually very large stone building
chimney stack
the part of a chimney that can be seen above a roof
civic identity
the form or character of a town or city
cladding
the material used on the outside of a building, often to protect it from the weather
classical
a style of architecture inspired by the forms and decoration of ancient Greek and Roman buildings
column
a square, round or rectangular upright, found particularly in classical architecture
133

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
computer modelling
technology
concert hall
computer programs used in the design and construction of a building
concourse
a large, open space in front of or inside a building
concrete
a hard building material made from a mixture of gravel or small stones with sand, cement and water
construction
the process of making a building
contemporary
the architecture of the present or recent past, which often uses innovative styles, materials and technology
Corinthian column
a column with its upper part (capital) carved with large leaves and/or plants and flowers
cornice
a projecting moulding along the top of a building
coronation
the ceremony used for crowning a king or queen
courtyard
a large open area surrounded by walls or buildings
craftsmanship
the skill or quality used in making something
crypt
a room under a church, used for religious services or for burials
cupola
a small dome on a roof or turret
curate
select, organise and present (information, objects, etc) for presentation
curtain walling
a wall, often made of glass, attached to a building that does not support the weight of the building
democracy
a system of government whereby the people chose their leaders by voting
demolished
a building that has been taken down
a building or part of a building where music is performed
134

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
derelict
a ruined or neglected building
dome
the rounded top of a roof or building
Domesday Book
a record of who owned the land in England, made in 1086 on the orders of William the Conqueror
ecological
related to living things and their environment
Edwardian
a style of English architecture from about 1900 to 1914, named after the reign of Edward VII (1901-10)
Elizabethan
a style of English architecture in the 16th century, named after the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
energy-efficient
designed to reduce the amount of energy (usually gas or electricity) used
engineering
the science and technology of designing, building and using structures
the Enlightenment
an intellectual movement in Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries
estate
an area of land and property
exemplar
a very good example of its kind
extension
an addition to a building
fabric
the material that is used to make a building
facade
the main front of a building
fibreglass
a type of plastic made of glass fibres mixed with resin
figure ground plan
a view of the layout of a building as if seen from above
flying buttress
an arch attached to a separate column, supporting a wall or roof and usually found on a church
fly tower
the large space above a stage in a theatre where machinery used to move equipment around the stage is stored
135

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
fortress
a defended building
foundation
the lowest part of a building, usually below the ground
functional
useful or designed for a special role
Functionalist
a style of architecture popular in the 20th century featuring simple, plain forms and materials
gargoyle
a water spout in the form of a human or animal, projecting from a roof
Georgian
architecture designed or built in the reigns of George I, II, III and/or IV (from 1714 to about 1830)
Gothic
Gothic Revival
a style of European architecture from the 12th to the 16th centuries, with pointed arches, rib vaults, flying
buttresses, large windows and elaborate decoration
a 19th-century style of architecture copying the forms of medieval church architecture
granary
a building for storing grain
granite
a very hard grey or dark pink building stone
Great Exhibition
the first international exhibition of industrial products, held in London in 1851
Great Fire
the huge fire that destroyed an enormous area of the City of London in 1666
Greek
relating to ancient Greece
Greek Revival
a style of 18th- and 19th-century architecture that used the style and forms of ancient Greek architecture
Gunpowder Plot
the plot by a small group of Catholic men to blow up the king and the Houses of Parliament on 5 November 1605
headquarters
the main central offices of an organisation or company
heritage
buildings and places of special historical value
136

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
137
High-Tech
a style of architecture in the 1970s using new technology and industrial materials
iconic
very important or unusual
innovation
new ideas or the process of making something new
ironwork
a structure or decoration made of iron
Italianate
in the style of Italian architecture, often from the 16th century
Jacobean
a style of English architecture named after the reign of James I (1603-25)
Kindertransport
the rescue of Jewish children from Nazi-occupied countries to Britain from 1938 onwards
landmark
a building or feature that can be easily recognised from a distance or is important historically
lantern
a small tower with windows all around, on a roof or other part of a building
layout
the way in which a building is laid out
light well
an open space in the centre of building that allows light to enter
lime plaster
Natural lime was used traditionally as a binder in mortars, renders and plasters up until the 19th century when
Ordinary Portland Cement was introduced
a hard rock used as a building material and used to make lime plaster
limestone
listed
mansion house
a building recognised by the government as being of special historical or architectural interest and protected
from demolition or alteration
the house of a lord mayor or a rich landowner
marble
a hard form of limestone, typically white or coloured with streaks
market hall
a large building where indoor markets are held
master mason
a man who oversees the construction of buildings

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
Medieval
the period in European history from about 7th to 16th centuries, also known as the Middle Ages
memorial
a structure or statue set up to remind people of an event or a person
mews
millennium
a row of stables with living rooms above, built at the back of a large house but now usually converted
to houses or flats
in or near the year 2000
minimalist
with very little or no decoration
Modernist
a style of 20th-century architecture using geometric shapes, straight lines, and glass, steel and concrete
monument
a statue or structure that represents an important person or event
mullion
an upright bar between panes of glass in a window
Neoclassical
an 18th- or 19th-century architectural style following the forms and decoration of ancient Greek and
Roman buildings
The Nolli map of Rome was produced in 1748. The map is drawn to scale and shows the ground plan
of buildings.
a style of English architecture in the 11th and 12th centuries, named after the kings of England who came
from Normandy in northern France
with a lot of decoration
Nolli plan
Norman
ornate
Palladian
panorama
a style of 18th-century English architecture based on ancient Roman and 16th-century Italian architecture,
and named after the important Italian architect Andrea Palladio
a very wide or completely all around view
pavilion
a small building designed for a particular use such as sport or shelter, or a large block of a building
paving
flat stones arranged in a pattern
138

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
pedestrian island
a stopping point in a road where people can wait to cross, usually a raised area
pediment
a triangular section above a door or window
Perpendicular
a style of medieval architecture with very tall and narrow forms and large windows
photovoltaic
technology that converts sunlight into electricity, usually found in panels on roofs
piano nobile
the main floor of an Italian house, usually higher than the other floors above and below it
pier
a solid part of a building providing strength and support or between doors, windows and other openings
piloti
very narrow round columns supporting a building
plan
the view of the rooms of a building as they are seen directly from above
plaza
a square or large space open to the public
plinth
a low square base or the bottom part of a building
porch
a covered entrance to a building
portico
a structure marking an entrance to a building, often with a roof and columns
Portland stone
a type of white stone from Portland in Dorset, widely used in London
Postmodern
post-war
a style and intellectural movement in international architecture in the 1970s and 1980s with oversized
decorated forms and shapes, in contrast to the earlier Modernist style
after the end of World War II in 1945
proportion
how one thing relates to another in terms of quantity, size or number
public space
an area of the city that is open for everyone to use
purpose-built
made for a particular use
139

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
Queen Elizabeth
Olympic Park
recession
the name of the park where the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games were held
redevelopment
one or more buildings that are completely or partly new, on the same site as an older one
reface
to add a new front or covering to a building
refurbish
to change and/or redecorate a room or building
Regency
renovation
a style of building in England from the 1790s to about 1840, named after the period (1811-20) in which
George, Prince of Wales, became Regent for his father King George III. It has detailed and complex forms
often richly decorated
the reintroduction and rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman forms in the 16th century, which was very
important for architecture and design after this period
the process of bringing a building back into use or making it up to date
resin
a solid or liquid material used in plastics or as a varnish
restoration
the process of returning a building to its original condition or form
ribbed vaulting
a type of curved ceiling found in medieval architecture divided by ribs or sections
Roman
relating to ancient Rome and its empire
Romanesque
rose window
a style of architecture found in Europe between the 9th and 12th centuries and featuring rounded forms
and thick walls
a round window with stone bars arranged like the spokes of a wheel or petals on a flower
royal arms
symbols or patterns with particular meanings that represent the king or queen
Renaissance
a period of time in which there is reduced trade and industrial activity
140

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
Royal Park
parks like Hyde Park and Richmond Park in London one owned by the monarchy but now open to the public
rustication
a pattern of large stone blocks with rough faces, usually at the lower level of a building
sandstone
a type of stone originally made from sand then compressed to form rock often quartz
scale
the size of something
semi-circular
shaped like half of a circle cut across the middle
shareholder
someone who owns a part or parts of a business or company
skylight
a window in a roof or ceiling
skyline
the shapes of buildings, trees and other forms seen against the sky
skyscraper
a very tall building, often of glass
solar powered
powered by heat or light from the sun, transformed into electricity
Southbank
a cultural area on the south side of the river Thames
spectacle
something that is very impressive
spire
a tall, narrow structure rising from a roof or building, ending in a point and usually found on a church
stabling
buildings where horses are kept
stainless steel
a type of steel that does not change colour or weather
steeple
the tower and the spire of a church
storey
one level of a building
streamlining
making something smooth, narrow and rounded
stucco
a plaster coating used on the inside or outside of a building
141

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
symbolic
representing something else
tapering
becoming narrower from a wider base
terrace
a row of houses joined together
terracotta
reddish-brown pottery used for bricks, roof tiles and decoration on buildings
thoroughfare
a main road in a city or town
town house
a tall, narrow house in a city
train shed
a large building where trains are kept or repaired
translucent
allowing light to pass through
transparent
something that can be seen through
Tudor
a style of architecture built in the period of the Tudor kings of England (1485-1603)
turret
a very small or narrow tower, often found in medieval buildings
veneer
a very thin covering of material
ventilation
the way in which air moves in, around and out of a building
veranda
an open gallery or balcony with a roof
Victorian
architecture built or designed during the reign of Queen Victoria (18371901), often with much decoration
vitriolite
a type of coloured glass used in architecture from the 1920s to the 1950s
warehouse
a building in which goods are stored
weathervane
a metal object that shows which way the wind is blowing
142

K EY STAG E 3
LO N DO N ART AN D
AR CH ITE CTU R E
C R E D I TS
The GLA would like to thank the following organisations for their contribution:
Our collaborators on
the London Curriculum
Photographs Kois Miah (unless otherwise stated)

Design www.thirteen.co.uk
143
Copyright
Greater London Authority
September 2014
Greater London Authority
City Hall
The Queens Walk
London SE1 2AA
www.london.gov.uk
enquiries 020 7983 4100
minicom 020 7983 4458
The London Curriculum Lessons are really different because we can see,
touch and interact with our lessons.
key stage 3 student
The idea of using London as a teaching resource has never been explored
much before, so both students and teachers are excited about it
key stage 3 teacher
I think the curriculum is really fun and makes me learn more about
the history of where I live
Key stage 3 student

Art of Walking

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Art of Walking

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

Kensington and Chelsea

London architecture timeline

Snapshots of key landmarks

Kings Cross, Fitzrovia and Bloomsbury

Snapshots of key landmarks

Skyscrapers and Bank

Snapshots of key landmarks

St Pauls and the river

Snapshots of key landmarks

Trafalgar Square, Westminster and the Strand 111

Snapshots of key landmarks

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

Areas to explore introduces five architecturally interesting

A short introduction to the area and its architectural

The Glossary provides definitions of each of the

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

G OTH I C 12th16th century

KEY FEATURES: massiveness, thick flat walls, roundness

KEY SHAPES: pointed arch, narrow triangles

KEY BUILDING: The White Tower, Tower of London

KEY BUILDING: Westminster Abbey

KEY SHAPES: semi-circle, cylinder

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

black timber beams

Banqueting House was one

KEY SHAPES: triangles, rectangles

KEY SHAPES: rectangles

KEY BUILDING: Staple Inn

KEY BUILDING: Banqueting House

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

Sir Christopher Wren

KEY SHAPES: rectangles, triangles

KEY BUILDING: Royal Hospital Chelsea

KEY BUILDING: St Pauls Cathedral

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

Fan light (window

KEY SHAPES: rectangles, semi-circles

KEY BUILDING: Somerset House

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

G OTH I C R E VI VAL 19 t h ce n t ury

K E Y B U I LD I N G : Peter Jones Department Store

KEY SHAPES: pointed arch, narrow triangle

KEY SHAPES: cubes, cylinders, thin long rectangles, gentle curves

KEY BUILDING: St Pancras Renasissance Hotel

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

The inside-out buildings

KEY SHAPES: large geometric forms, long thin rectangle

KEY SHAPES: cubes, cylinders, triangles

KEY BUILDING: The National Theatre

KEY BUILDING: Lloyds of London

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

KEY MATERIALS: glass, steel

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

was put in charge of constructing churches

Sir William Chambers (172396)

SOM E R SET HOUSE

TH E LON DON CU R R ICU LU M

Sir John Soane (17531837)

Sir George Gilbert Scott (181178)

Alfred Waterhouse (18301905)

Soane is admired as one of Englands most