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7 Marcos y bastidores
Pg. 7-7
1000 N
Ejemplo 7.1:
C
60 cm
Solucin:
60 cm
500 N
M
D
1000 N
4
= 0:
60 cm
By
Bx
60 cm
= 0:
(1)
Ax
60 cm
Bx (60) 1000 (4 / 5) = 0
Bx = 1600 N
(1)
Ax + Bx 1000 (4 / 5) = 0
Ax = 800 N
= 0:
Ay + By 1000 (3 / 5) = 0
(2)
Ay + By = 600
(3)
Ay
42
Bx
,4
cm
500 N
= 0:
60 cm
(1)
,4
42
By
cm
Dx
60 cm
Dy
By = 1953,55 N
= 0:
Bx + Dx 500 ( 2 / 2) = 0
(1)
1600 + Dx 250 2 = 0
Dx = 1953,55 N
= 0:
( 4)
(4)
en (3):
(4)
(5)
By + Dy 500 ( 2 / 2) = 0
(1953,55) + Dy 250 2 = 0
Ay + ( 1953,55) = 600
Dy = 1600 N
(6)
Ay = 2553,55 N
Pg. 7-8
1000 N
4
= 0:
Ax + Dx 1000 (4 / 5) 500 ( 2 / 2) = 0
(800) + (1953,55) 800 250 2 = 0
60 cm
= 0:
Ay + Dy 1000 (3 / 5) 500 ( 2 / 2) = 0
2553,55 + (1600) 600 250 2 = 0
OK!
OK!
500 N
60 cm
Ax
Ay
Respuesta:
60 cm
OK!
Dx
Dy
A continuacin se muestran las dos barras con las fuerzas actuantes en ellas.
1000 N
4
60 cm
1953,55 N
By
B
1600 N
,4
1600 N
42
cm
,4
60 cm
By
42
800 N
60 cm
cm
1953,55 N
500 N
A
D
2553,55 N
1953,55 N
60 cm
1600 N
Pg. 7-9
Ejemplo 7.2:
70 cm
250 N
250 N
= 0:
70 cm
250 Ax = 0
Ax = 250 N
150 N
A
Ax
E
15 cm
30 cm
Ay
50 cm
E y = 395 N
(2)
Ay + E y 150 = 0
( 2)
50 cm
30 cm
(1)
= 0:
= 0:
Ey
Ay = 395 150
Ay = 245 N
(3)
Bx
Dy
By
G
Dx
= 0:
Dy = 75 N
(4)
Dx = Bx
(5)
150 N
15 cm
30 cm
= 0:
Cy
C x
70 cm
Bx
28 cm
B y + D y = 150
= 0:
( 4)
By = 150 75
By = 75 N
(6)
Barra CBA:
Ax (28) = C x (42)
Fx = 0 :
Bx Ax C x = 0
Fy = 0 :
Ay By C y = 0
= 0:
(7)
( 3) y ( 6 )
C x = 166,6 N
(7)
Bx = 416,6 N
(8)
C y = 320 N
(9)
By
A
Ax
Ay
Pg. 7-10
C y
C y Dy + E y = 0
= 0:
( 4) y ( 2)
C y = 320 N
Dy
= 0:
( 4) y ( 2)
28 cm
Dx
70 cm
(10)
Dx = 416,6 N
= 0:
C x Dx = 0
(11)
C x = 416,6 N
(12)
Ey
30 cm
50 cm
Comprobacin:
C y
C x
C x
250 N
C y
C x + C x + 250 = 0
416,6 + 166,6 + 250 = 0
= 0:
C y C y = 0
320 (320) = 0
= 0:
(OK!)
(OK!)
320 N
166,6 N
416,6 N C
320 N
166,6 N
416,6 N
250 N
320 N
416,6 N 416,6 N B
150 N
75 N
416,6 N
416,6 N
28 cm
70 cm
28 cm
70 cm
75 N
75 N
75 N
15 cm
30 cm
250 N
245 N
395 N
30 cm
50 cm
Pg. 7-11
Ejemplo 7.3:
2 pie
100 lb
DCL de la polea:
E
B
Dy
Dx = 500 lb
Dy = 500 lb
1 pie
Solucin:
2 pie
500 lb
Dx
R = 0,5 pie
W = 500 lb
500 lb
Barra CD:
3 pie
Cy
Cx
4 pie
M
F
Ex
= 0:
(1)
= 0:
(2)
C x + E x 500 = 0
( 2)
1 pie
C y + E y = 500
Ey
E
= 0:
3 pie
Ex = 625 lb
(3)
Dx = 500 lb
Dy = 500 lb
Barra CB:
Cx
= 0:
( 2)
C
2 pie
Cy
en (1):
100 lb
2 pie
Fy = 0 :
Bx
Fx = 0 :
(4)
E y = 266,67 lb
(5)
By C y = 0
( 4)
B y = 233,33 lb
( 2)
C x + 100 + Bx = 0
(6)
Bx = 225 lb
(7)
3 pie
By
Barra AB:
Ay
Ax
= 0:
( 3) y ( 7 )
Ex
Bx
MA
Ey
3 pie
( 5) y ( 6 )
By
3 pie
= 0:
Ax = 400 lb
(8)
Ay E y By = 0
Ay = 500 lb
= 0:
M A E y (3) By (6) = 0
( 5) y ( 6 )
Ax Ex Bx = 0
M A = 2200 lb pie
(9)
(10)
Pg. 7-12
= 0:
2 pie
100 lb
MA
Ax = 400 lb
OK!
Ay 500 = 0
Ay = 500 lb
OK!
A
500 lb
1 pie
Ax
= 0:
2 pie
Ay
Ax 500 + 100 = 0
500 lb
3 pie
= 0:
3 pie
A continuacin se muestran las tres barras que componen el marco con todas fuerzas
(magnitud, direccin y verdadero sentido) que actan en ellas:
233,33 lb
2 pie
125 lb C
125 lb
233,33 lb
2 pie
4 pie
100 lb
266,67 lb
625 lb
1 pie
E
D
3 pie
225 lb
233,33 lb
Dx = 500 lb
Dy = 500 lb
500 lb
400 lb
625 lb
2200 lb-pie
225 lb
233,33 lb
266,67 lb
3 pie
3 pie
Pg. 7-13
D
3,6 m
3,6 m
Ejemplo 7.4:
T
T
= 0:
donde:
2,10 m
3,30 m
(1)
sen = 0,6
cos = 0,8
By = 288 N
(2)
Ay = By + T sen
Ay = 828 N
(3)
= 0:
Ax Bx T cos = 0
Ax Bx = 720
(4)
Ey
= 0:
D
3,6 m
2,70 m
= 0:
(1) y ( 5)
B
2,70 m
Bx
By
= 0:
(1)
(5)
(1)
Ay + T + By + T sen T = 0
3,6 m
Ex
= 0:
T = W
T = 900 N
= 0:
By
Bx B
1,2 m
2,10 m
Ax A
2,70 m
0,6 m
C
T
Ay
0,9 m1,2 m
T
D
en (4):
Bx = 396 N
(5)
E x + T cos + Bx = 0
Ex = 1116 N
(6)
E y T (1 + sen ) By = 0
E y = 1728 N
(7)
Ax = 1116 N
Pg. 7-14
Ey
Ex
3,6 m
3,6 m
Ay
B
A
0,9 m1,2 m
2,10 m
2,70 m
1116 + 1116 = 0
= 0:
E y Ay T = 0
= 0:
OK!
OK!
E x + Ax = 0
Ax
= 0:
0,6 m
0,6 m
Otra posible comprobacin sera con el marco completo pero sin las poleas:
Ey
Ex
= 0:
3,6 m
3,6 m
Ay T
E y Ay + T T T sen + T sen T = 0
T
A
2,70 m
2,10 m
0,9 m1,2 m
OK!
= 0:
Ax
1116 + 1116 = 0
Ex + Ax + T cos T cos = 0
C
T
OK!
= 0:
0,6 m
828 N
1116 N
288 N
9000 N
9000 N
396 N
D
36,87
B
9000 N
9000 N
9000 N
396 N
288 N
Pg. 7-15
Ejemplo 7.5:
500
mm
Solucin:
500
30
432,5
mm
6000 N-mm
Ax
60
= 0:
Fx = 0 :
Ax B cos 30 = 0
Ay B sen 30 = 0
= 0:
500
(1)
mm
= 0:
(1)
500
865 mm
60
B = 24,04 N
(1)
Ax = 20,82 N
(2)
Ay = 12,02 N
(3)
30
60
250
Ay
6 N-m
30
F = 13,89 N
(4)
mm
= 0:
F + B cos 30 + C x = 0
= 0:
B sen 30 C y = 0
60
Cx
Cy
(1) y ( 4 )
C x = 6,94 N
(5)
C y = 12,02 N
(6)
(1)
500 mm
F
0m
50
= 0:
0m
50
= 0:
6000 N-mm
Ax A
60
60
C
Ay
500 mm
Cx
= 0:
F + C x + Ax = 0
13,89 + 6,94 + (20,82) = 0
OK!
Ay C y = 0
(12,02) (12,02) = 0
6000 C y (500) F (865) = 0
6000 (12,02) (500) (13,89) (865) = 0
OK!
Cy
Pg. 7-16
30
mm
500
30
B
500
30
mm
865 mm
24,04 N
432,5
24,04 N
6000 N-mm
20,82 N A
60
60
250
500 mm
12,02 N
6,94 N
C
12,02 N
Ejemplo 7.6:
p
D
30
30
30
F = 7916,81 lb
F
ND
= 0:
F + FBD cos 30 = 0
FBD = 9141,55 lb
30
FBD
30
FBD
30
30
FBA
FBC
FBA
P
= 0:
= 0:
de (1) y (2):
(1)
(2)
FBA = 10555,75 lb
FBc = 5277,88 lb
30
NA
= 0:
P FBA cos 30 = 0
P = 9141,55 lb
Pg. 7-17
Ejemplo 7.7:
D
A
0m
B
C
Para el conjunto:
400 mm
216,51 mm
Ay
A
Ax
Dy
D
= 0:
M 200(183,49) D y (400) = 0
300 N
M 36698 400 Dy = 0
30
F
F
20
0m
30
250
mm
(1)
= 0:
Ay 200 D y = 0
(2)
= 0:
Ax = 300 N
(3)
WCD=200 N
mm
250
,4
46
30
mm
Dy
30
NB
30
= 0:
N B cos 30 200 Dy = 0
0,866 N B 200 D y = 0
u
30
300 N
MB
N B sen 30 300 = 0
N B = 600 N
(5)
30
WCD=200 N
25
Dy = 719,6 N
(6)
M = 251143,0 N mm
(7)
Ay = 519,6 N
(8)
mm
(1)
m
50
( 2)
= 0:
(5)
M B = 251141,27 N mm
(9)
Ay
Ax
(4)
= 0:
( 4)
300 N
20
Solucin:
= 0:
M + MB = 0
251143,0 + (251141,27) = 0
M
20
= 0:
0m
MB
30
NB
= 0:
Ax N B sen 30 = 0
300 600 (0,5) = 0
OK!
OK!
Ay + N B cos 30 = 0
519,6 + 600 (0,866) = 0
OK!
Pg. 7-18
Ejemplo 7.8:
R = 50 cm
D
CB
400 cm
Solucin:
Un anlisis sencillo de la carga sobre la polea y del
equilibrio de sta nos permitir simplificar el sistema
de la siguiente manera:
W = 500 N
300 cm
500 N
500 N
T = 500 N
500 N
500 N
400 cm
500 N
T = 500 N
W = 500 N
Como se ve en el marco
simplificado, la polea ha sido
reemplazada por las dos fuerzas de
500 N cada una, actuantes en el
agujero central de la polea.
300 cm
= 0:
Ax = Bx
(1)
= 0:
Ay = B y
(2)
Bx (400) = By (300)
(3)
400 cm
By
= 0:
Ax
Ay
300 cm
Bx
By
= 0:
Bx = 0
(4)
= 0:
Cx = 0
(5)
= 0:
C y + By = 0
(6)
400 cm
Notar que los resultados (4) y (5) son muy lgicos pues la
barra BC es una barra tipo biela o autoequilibrante (est
sometida a la accin de nicamente dos fuerzas).
Cx
C
Cy
By
Bx
Bx
500 N
= 0:
Bx + 500 = Bx
(7)
= 0:
By = 500 + By
(8)
Pg. 7-19
en (7):
en (1):
(9)
en (3):
(11)
en (2):
(9)
Ax = 500 N
(10)
By = 666,67 N
(11)
Ay = 666,67 N
(12)
(11)
By = By 500
de (8):
(13)
Bx = 500 N
en (6):
By = 1166,67 N
(13)
C y = 1166,67 N
(14)
= 0:
Ax C x + 500 = 0
(500) (0) + 500 = 0
500 N
= 0:
A
Ay
Ay + C y 500 = 0
(666,67) + (1166,67) 500 = 0
400 cm
Ax
OK!
500 N
= 0:
Cx
Cy
300 cm
OK!
OK!
Notar que tambin se pudo haber utilizado el sistema original para realizar la
comprobacin:
R = 50 cm
500 N
CB
400 cm
Ax
A
Ay
W = 500 N
300 cm
= 0:
Cx
OK!
Cy
Ejemplo 7.9:
Pg. 7-20
R = 50 cm
E
CB
T = 500 N
400 cm
400 cm
CB
500 N
W = 500 N
C
Ax
300 cm
Ay
C
50 cm
300 cm
Cx
Cy
T = 500 N
(1)
Ax + C x = 0
Ax = 0
(2)
C y = 416,67 N
(3)
Ay + C y = 500
Ay = 83,33 N
(4)
50 cm
F = 0:
M = 0:
F = 0:
500 N E
500 N
500 N
500 N
500 N
Ax
C y = 416,67 N
Cx
Ay
= 0:
400 cm
500 N
Cy
300 cm
50 cm
400 cm
By
Bx
Ax + Bx 500 = 0
F = 0:
M = 0:
Ay By = 0
( 4)
Bx = 500 N
(5)
By = 83,33 N
(6)
(como comprobacin)
Ax
Ay
( 2)
Fx = 0 :
( 5) y ( 6 )
OK!
300 cm
By
B
400 cm
Bx
Pg. 7-21
(1)
Fx = 0 :
C x Bx = 0
Bx = 0
(5)
Fy = 0 :
C y + By = 0
( 3)
By = 416,67 N
(6)
Cx = 0
C
Cy
By
Bx
B x
500 N
By
Bx + 500 = Bx
0 + 500 = 500
= 0:
OK!
By = By + 500
83,33 = 416,67 + 500
OK!
83,33 = 83,33
= 0:
500 N
T = 500 N
500 N
50 cm
E
B
500 N
83,33 N
416,67 N
500 N B
400 cm
500 N
500 N
400 cm
416,67 N
83,33 N
500 N
500 N
500 N
A
C
300 cm
83,33 N
416,67 N
Pg. 7-22
Ejemplo 7.10:
r = 0,3 m
1,5 m
D
400 N
45
1m
1m
cos = 0,954
Px
F
F
= 0:
Px T cos = 0
= 0:
Py T sen T 100 = 0
Py = 620 N
Px = 381,6 N
(1)
(2)
100 N
Py (2) + ( 2 / 2) E (1,5) = 0
Px
( 2)
WAC =80 N
WBD =36 N
1,5 m
= 0:
Py
T
Ax
E = 1354,08 N
= 0:
Ax + T cos Px + E cos 45 = 0
(1)
( 3)
Ay = 141,33 N
Ay
Ax
Cy
By
B
Bx
Fy = 0 :
Fx = 0 :
Ay + By 80 + C y = 0
Ax + Bx + C x = 0
= 0:
(5)
1m
(5)
WAC= 80 N
1m
(4)
Ay T sen 620
(80 + 36 + 200) + E sen 45 = 0
= 0:
1m
1m
Ax = 957,33 N
WEC =200 N
45
(3)
( 5) y ( 6 )
( 4)
Ay (1) + C y (1) = 0
C y = 141,33 N
(6)
By = 362,66 N
(7)
957,33 + Bx + C x = 0
(8)
C y
Py
F
F
Cx
Cx
C
Pg. 7-23
Px
= 0:
C x + C x 381,6 = 0
= 0:
Py + C y C y = 0
( 2) y ( 6)
Cy
(10)
C y = 478,67 N
620 + C y (141,33) = 0
(11)
Cy
Cx
0,75 m
M
Dy
Dx
D
0,75 m
= 0:
(10 )
WEC = 200 N
(8)
45
1m
1m
C x = 956,83 N
(12)
C x = 575,23 N
(13)
Bx = 381,8 N
(14)
Dx = 0
(15)
0,707 E + Dx C x = 0
Fx =0 :
0,707 E + D y 200 C y = 0
By
Bx
0,75 m
( 3) y (11)
D y = 278,66 N
(15 )
Fx = 0 :
Dx Bx = 0
By 36 D y = 0
WBD = 36 N
(16)
=0 :
(16 )
Bx = 0
By 36 (278,66) = 0
By = 242,66 N
Dx
Dy
By
B
Bx
( 3) y (12 )
Fx =0 :
= 0:
Bx
By
= 0:
Bx Bx + T cos = 0
0 381,8 + 400 (0,954) = 0
By By + T sen = 0
242,66 362,66 + 400 (0,3) = 0
Finalmente mostraremos los resultados obtenidos a travs del DCL de cada uno de los
elementos que componen el marco analizado:
620 N
362,66 N
957,33 N A
144,33 N
381,8 N
80 N
1m
1m
575,23 N
T = 400 N
141,33 N
100 N
381,6 N
T = 400 N
Pg. 7-24
362,66 N
242,66 N
141,33 N
620 N
T = 400 N
575,23 N
956,83 N
C
0,75 m
381,8 N
36 N
381,6 N
478,67 N
242,66 N
D
478,67 N
278,66 N
956,83 N
0,75 m
278,66 N
0,75 m
D
200 N
45
1m
1m
1354,08 N
Ejemplo 7.11:
1,35 m
1,2 m
0,6 m
Solucin:
P = 375 kgf
Q = 150 kgf
0,6 m
D
0,9 m
2,7 m
= 0:
Q = 150 kgf
A
Ay
D
Dy
0,9 m
2,7 m
= 0:
1,2 m
Bx
= 0:
0,6 m
P = 375 kgf
A
A1 y
A1x
0,9 m
(1)
Dy = 550 kgf
Ay = 50 kgf
(2)
(3)
By
Ax = 225 kgf
Ay = 600 D y
Ax = 375 150
= 0:
375 (0,6) + 600 (2,25) 150 (0,6)
Dy (2,7) = 0
0,6 m
0,6 m
Ax
0,9 m
F = 600 kgf
P = 375 kgf
F = 600 kgf
F
F
(4)
= 0:
A1x + 375 + Bx = 0
(5)
= 0:
A1 y + By = 0
(6)
Pg. 7-25
= 0:
F = 600 kgf
C1 y
1,35 m
Bx B
(6)
C1x
2,7 m
(7)
en (4):
By
(5)
(9)
Fx = 0 :
Bx + C1x = 0
By 600 + C1 y = 0
= 0:
C2 y
1,2 m
C C2 x
A2 y
=18,44
A2 x A
3,6 m
C3 y
M = 0:
F = 0:
F = 0:
1,2 m
0,6 m
Q = 150 kgf
D1x
(9)
(10)
(11)
C1 y = 300 kgf
(12)
= 0:
C2 x (1,2) C2 y (3,6) = 0
F
F
(13)
= 0:
A2 x C2 x = 0
(14)
= 0:
A2 y C2 y = 0
(15)
D1x + C3 x = 150
(17)
D1 y + C3 y = 0
(18)
D2 y
A3 x A
D2 x
2,7 m
= 0:
D2 y = 0
(19)
A3 y = 0
(20)
A3 x = D2 x
(21)
D1 y
D2 x
D1x
D
Dy
(18 )
(17 )
Bx = 412,5 kgf
(16)
A3 y
D2 y
(8)
0,9 m
D1 y
A1 y = 300 kgf
(7)
(7)
By = 300 kgf
= 0:
= 0:
D1x D2 x = 0
Dy D1 y D2 y = 0
(16 )
C3 y = 550 kgf
(24)
(26)
( 22 )
( 21)
D1x = D2 x
( 2 ) y (19 )
D1 y = 550 kgf
(22)
(23)
C3 x = 337,5 kgf
(25)
D2 x = 487,5 kgf
(27)
A3 x = 487,5 kgf
(28)
Pg. 7-26
C2 y
Fx = 0 :
C2 x
C1x
C2 x C1x C3 x = 0
(11) y ( 25)
(14 )
C
C3 x
C1 y C3 y
= 0:
C2 y C1 y C3 y = 0
(12 ) y ( 24 )
(15 )
C2 x = 750 kgf
(29)
A2 x = 750 kgf
(30)
C2 y = 250 kgf
(31)
A2 y = 250 kgf
(32)
Notar que los resultados (29) y (31) confirman la validez de la expresin (13).
Comprobacin a travs del equilibrio del pin A:
A3 y
50 kgf
A1x
225 kgf
A1 y
A1x A2 x + A3 x 225 = 0
(37,5) (750) + (487,5) 225 = 0
A3 x
A2 x
= 0:
A2 y
= 0:
A1 y A2 y + A3 y + 50 = 0
(300) (250) + 0 + 50 = 0
OK!
OK!
790,57 kgf
250 kgf
C
750 kgf
1,2 m
750 kgf
=18,44
A
250 kgf
790,57 kgf
3,6 m
A continuacin se muestran todas las barras y pines con las fuerzas actuantes en ellos:
250 kgf
F = 600 kgf
412,5 kgf
C
2,7 m
412,5 kgf
300 kgf
300 kgf
300 kgf
750 kgf
337,5 kgf
300 kgf
1,2 m
1,2 m
0,6 m
P = 375 kgf
37,5 kgf
0,9 m
300 kgf
=18,44
487,5 kgf
3,6 m
790,57 kgf
337,5 kgf
Q = 150 kgf
0,9 m
550 kgf
550 kgf
50 kgf
225 kgf
37,5 kgf
412,5 kgf
550 kgf
550 kgf
790,57 kgf
0,6 m
1,2 m
1,35 m
412,5 kgf
487,5 kgf
750 kgf
300 kgf
250 kgf
487,5 kgf
D
2,7 m
487,5 kgf
487,5 kgf
487,5 kgf
D
550 kgf