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COMMUNITY
terminology
Health:
Public Health;
4. f
It serves a community as a patient, not an
individual as a patient.
Community:
Epidemiology:
0 Epidemic:
Pandemic:
Worldwide
Mortality:
Morbidity:
COM
Rate:
Numerical ratio
[ # of people in a community]
The rate or# of new cases at a given time
Incidence:
9 Prevalence:
time"
Cases
x100%
population
Reliability:
Reproducible***
Measures consistently at different times
Measurement must have stability
Important in evaluating (Board info)
o Validity :
***Why must there be evidence of validity and reliability ofa research design?***
To give accurate results
Calibration:
COM
Index Selection:
Determined by
Types of indices:
Cumulative index
Simple index
jnt[-arater reliability:
1nterrater reliability:
Independent variable:
g Dependent variable:
Data:
Statistics:
COM
Descriptive statistics;
Analysis of variance
research design
Tests for differences among three or more
means
*Measure of central
tendency:
*Mean:
'Mode:
Variance:
'Standard deviation:
Measures variability
[Board example: If the mean is 8 and the standard deviation is one, the scores
represented are:
5-9
6-10
7-9
r>
s.
COM
Correlation:
Inferential statistics:
population
Parameter:
Non-Parameter
Scales
^ Ordinal:
\1rk*
Nominal:
Inten/al:
***
'
Ratio:
Skewed:
J
COM
Dispersion;
Significance Level:
[p > 0.05 =
[p = 0.05 =
t-Test:
Third party
Applies to groups
Ex. #1:
Dental prepayment plan,
usually sponsored by dental
payment plan:
Ex. #2:
association
Commercial insurance
community
Index to Dental
Literature:
research
index Medicus
b.
Dental abstracts
c.
d.
COM
Computer References:
0 Pilot testing:
Assessment:
Plan:
Implementation:
Action taken
Evaluation:
Measures success
0 Need:
9 Perceived need:
Demand:
Potential demand:
Effective demand:
Utilization:
Host factor:
Agent:
COM
Environment:
Masiow's Hierarchy
Of Needs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Convenience study :
If the survey is performed in an assisted living facility, what type of survey is It?
longitudinal
case control
d.
random sampling
i"
r
(
I
COM
4 Random sample:
-m/
\ .r
Non-Random sample:
Intact groups
Experimental group;
Control group:
Pilot Study:
Experimental Study:
the individual
COM 10
Formative Study:
rs
Dental Hygiene National Board Review
Jane Weiner, RDH, Board Reviews, Inc.
COM 11
1.
2.
3.
Treatment Plan
Program Plan
4.
Treatment
Program
5.
Payment
Finance
6.
Evaluation
Appraisal
7.
One dentist
Work as a team
8.
Group study
RESEARCH
1.
2.
3.
4.
Observe problem
Review literature
Define problem
Hypothesis
5.
Research design
6.
7.
Collect data
8.
Analyze data
9.
Conclusion
Identify needs
a.
b.
2.
Analyze data
3.
4.
5.
Identify goals
Develop objectives
6.
7.
Plan program
COM 12
r\
Problem identification
Hypothesis formulation
Data collection
4.
Analysis/interpretation
5.
Conclusion
Conclusion
(DENTAL INDICES
KnowTtfielfoITowlng:
What is it measuring
Is it reversible or irreversible
How is it scored
(^ptai^aries In^ipes J
LL
4.
5.
6.
F = filled tooth
T = teeth
rs
COM 13
Formula
a.
FNM
7.
Indicates treatment
received for decay
Total DMFT
b.
Total DMFT
Total DMFT
DMFT count =
deft *** {dft, dfs the " d" +the "e" are combined)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
\ II 0(
COM 14
Determines
a.
2.
Uses
a.
Epidemiology surveys
b.
Individual situations
; a ^9<j^
C&r7UxX-<^
Scoring
4.
a.
b.
c.
5.
Difficultto reproduce
6.
PI 1
1.
2.
3.
Reversible index
f'
>:3
Detemnines
a.
b.
***
Uses
a.
b.
rs
Scoring
a.
b..
> A
1^
H-
d
c.
COM 15
4.
Examination tools
a.
Mouth mirror
b.
c.
Air
1.
2.
control
Measurements:
3.
4.
1.
2.
Uses
a.
b.
a.
b.
4.
I.
1 '
"J
***
c.
Reversible
Calibration
3.
. . .
Criteria
1)
healthiest = 0
2)
COM 16
1. Detemnines:
Bleeding
2. Examination tool: Triangular wooden interdental cleaner-^
3. Recording:
Cn'
J-
a.
c
b.
c.
4.
'1)
'(Ramfjord's teeth)***J *
Criteria
a.
scale of 0 to 8
1 = mild gingivitis
masticatory function
5.
Formula
a.
b.
examined
of people examined
t
Dental Hygiene National Board Review
Jane Weiner, RDH, Board Reviews, Inc.
COM 17
f Kj
OHI-S
1.
Simplified Oral Hygiene Index
a.
b.
c.
2.
Reversible ***
3.
4.
Assesses
Dl-S
a)
2)
Cl-S
,
1
L
'
b.
a)
six teeth
2)
3)
r-O
PHP
V_/
1,
2.
0 = no calculus to 3=supragingival
3.
(i)
Uses:
Clinical Trials
fa)
six teeth
1)
2)
#3.8,14.19.24,30
know that it is first molars and incisors
5.
Formula
6.
a.
I
Dental Hygiene National Board Review
Jane Weiner, RDH, BoardReviews, Inc.
COM 18
r>
CPITN
1.
2.
Uses
a.
3.
Indicators
a.
b.
c.
more
d.
2,
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
COM 19
'
{ y
1.
Classification
2.
b.
3- (nnoderate) brown lesions
c.
4- (severe) brown lesions &pitted enamel
CFI
a.
tT
^ ^
g
3
^
a.
vt
b.
- -
jfr *** vvhich tooth (teeth )do you check ? *** The second most effected tooth
study, a person should have the examiners evaluate similar subjects, compare
If looking for a behavioral objective, have patient demonstrate. Use show and tell
method
a.
b.
viewing a film
reading an article
c.
listening to a presentation
d.
participating in an experience
content to be learned
2.
3.
^ ^
I !
COM 20
(B)
c.
d.
b.
^
d.
Primary care :
Secondary care:
Terciary care:
COM 21
b.
c.
d.
measurements).
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A loss of detail
All ofthe above
Athree vear program to provide dental treatment for agroup ofjunior school
iuS
w^ conlcted. The following infonnatioin was obtained at basehne and
3.
Baseline
18
10
22
Post program 2
a.
The program was not successfiil because the mean number ofMsurfaces
b.
c.
d.
COM 22
4. The dental hygienist shoidd consult with which ofthe following before initiating a
dental in-service training program for nurses' aides at an assisted living or nursing
home facility?
a.
b.
The residents
c.
d.
Aperiodontis wants to select an effective interdental oral physiotherapy aid for his/her
patients. A study was conducted inthe of&ce to test the effectiveness oftwo interdental
aids. Patients were randomly assi^ed to one ofthree groups and they all received the
Bwas given instruction inthe use ofan oral iirigator. They were all examined and '
OHI-S scores are:
MEANOm
SCORES
Group
Appt 1
4.83
Appt 2
Appt. 3
3.97
3.69
3.11
2.86
2.28
4.76
3.95
4.14.
5. In examining the data for Group Cwhich could explain the improvement?
a. The patients's use ofthe Perio Aide
COM 23
a.
b.
c.
7 Astatehealthcouncilstatedthat80%ofthepopulationhaduntreated
dental caries. The state dental association's survey detennmed that 50/o ol
the dentists had three or more unfilled appointments per day. What best
explaios this difference indata?
a.
The health council based its figure on the need for care and the
b.
The health council based its figure on the demand for care and the
c.
Answers:
COM 24
2.
3.
adults
b.
the elderly
c.
children
Standard deviation i s a:
a.
measure of variability
b.
measure of a
c.
d.
by diseases
reproducible measurement
4.
death rate
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
viewing a film
reading an article
listening to a presentation
participating in an experience
b.
c.
d.
COM 25
6.
7.
b.
c.
d.
8.
a.
b.
Index Medicus
Dental Abstracts
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
9.- How many modes are there in the following set of numbers?
1,1,1,2,3 , 3^ 4,5, 6, La, 8
10.
a.
one
b.
two
c.
three
d.
none
-.95
+.63
+.05
-.05
COM 26
11.
12.
13.
is:
a.
b.
c.
a stratified sampling
reliability
validity
d.
mean measurement
b.
c.
d.
b.
c.
d.
14.
15.
one observer viewed the subjects the same way each time
subjective
secondary
objective
primary
d.
COM 27
a.
b!
c.
d.
17.
a.
b.
empirical order
c.
d.
a.
seek endorsements
b
c*.
d.
20.
convenience
case control
d. random sampling
COM 28
21.
22.
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
c
a
b
d
c
b
d
b
a
a
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
d
b
a
d
c
b
d
c
b
c
11.
22.
COM 29
COMMONITY REFERENCES
2005.