Community Profile Leskovac

Profile
of the
City of Leskovac
Profile of the City of Leskovac
November, 2013
Content
1. Introduction ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2. Basic characteristics ............................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Geographical position (location) ..................................................................................................... 5
2.2 General information ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 Climate ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4 Local government ......................................................................................................................... 15
2.5 History, tradition and cultural heritage .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. Natural resources ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. Human resources ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1 Population (number of inhabitants and population growth) ........................................ 22
4.2 Population by type of settlement ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3 Important events ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4 Population by marital status .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.5 Age structure of population ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.6 Gender structure of population ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.7 Ethnic structure of population ...................................................................................................... 28
4.8 Religious structure of population ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.9 Mother tongue structure of population .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.10 Population by work-ability ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.10.1
Population structure by work-activity ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.11 Educational structure of population ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.12 Disability ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.13 Households and families ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.13.1
Households ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.14 Migration of population................................................................................................................. 35
4.14.1
Immigrants ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.14.2
Daily commuting ................................................................................................................ 35
5
Housing resources .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1 Housing statistics ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 Housing construction ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6
Economy ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.1 Economic structure by sectors ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Industry ........................................................................................................................................ 48
6.3 Agriculture ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.4 Forestry.......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.5 Macroeconomic indicators ............................................................................................................ 55
Public finance .......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.6 Revenues of the municipal budget ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.7 Expenditures of the municipal budget ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.8 Institutions ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.9 Public-utility companies ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.10 Brownfield investment locations ................................................................................................... 69
7
Labor force................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.1 Number and structure of the employed ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 Employment by sectors ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.3 Average earnings ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.4 Earnings per sectors .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.5 Unemployment ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.6 Unemployment and employment rate ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.7 Unemployment by the level of education .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.8 Unemployment by job-waiting time ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.9 Unemployment by age structure ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
8
Public resources ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.1.1
Road infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 90
8.1.2
Rail transport and infrastructure ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.2.1
Water infrastructure .......................................................................................................... 92
8.2.2
Water infrastructure ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2
8.2.3
Remote heating system ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.2.4
Electric power infrastructure ............................................................................................. 94
8.2.5
Telecommunication systems ............................................................................................. 94
8.3.1
Social and child care .......................................................................................................... 96
9
Environmental resources .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
10 Tourist resources ......................................................................................................... 100
10.1 Number of visitors ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
11 Life quality ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.1 Public contents and recreational programs ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.2 Churches and monasteries ......................................................................................................... 107
11.3 Local gathering centres .............................................................................................................. 109
11.3.1
Libraries .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.3.2
Cultural centres .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.3.3
Theatres ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.3.4
Museums ......................................................................................................................... 111
11.4 Cultural activities (cultural events, celebrations, festivals, parades, festivities, concerts) ......... 111
11.4.1
Events calender .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.5 Entertainment and services ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.5.1
Playrooms for children ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.5.2
Shopping zones and retail centres ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.5.3
Candy shops ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
11.5.4
Restaurants ..................................................................................................................... 116
12 Local development in relation to the regional and national strategic documents ...... 118
1. Introduction
Leskovac valley is part of a mountain-basin-valley macro-region of Serbia. In a narrow sense,
Leskovac valley itself is a microregion within Southern Serbia.
It spreads within the Rhodope system (Serbo-Macedonian mass), in the central part of the
South Morava River, between Vranje in the south and Nis basin in the north. Leskovac valley is about
430 NGW, in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is one of the major basins in Serbia. Altitude
of the valley bottom ranges from 210 m to 240 m. Length in the north-south is about 50 km, and
maximum width in the east-west (Vlasotince - Radan) is about 45 km and covers an area of 1928,6
km2. It is slightly tilted to the north.
The main watercourse in the valley is the South Morava which has four major rivers flowing
into it: the Veternica River, Pusta River Jablanica and Vlasina (Leskovac five-river system), as well as a
number of smaller tributaries. Therefore, the valley is not a unified whole but these flows divide it into
smaller parts: Leskovac field (central part of the valley), Porecje (the central part of the Veternica
basin), Jablanica, Pusta River and others.1
To the south, Leskovac valley is limited by the slopes of Goljak, Kukavica and Ostrozub. The
eastern boundary is defined by the following mountains: Krusevica, Babicka Gora and Selicevica. In
the west, boundary is made of the slopes of Pasjaca, Vidojevica, Arbanaska mountain and Radan. The
boundary in the southwestern edge of the valley is not defined, because there are no major
outstanding mountains.
In terms of administrative - territorial affiliation, Leskovac valley covers most of the Jablanica Region
as follows: Lebane, Leskovac, Vlasotince, Medvedja and Bojnik. Part of the valley belongs to the
district of Nis in terms of administration.2 The biggest municipality in size is the City of Leskovac, and
not only in the region but also in Serbia.
1
2
Ivanovic, R. And others. 2007.

Susic, V. 2000
Picture 1. Jablanica Region
Table 1. General information about municipality/city and region (size and population),
2013.
Share in total number
Populati
Share in total size (%)
of inhabitants (%)
on
Number of
Size
density
inhabitants
(no. of
Municip Region
Serbi
Municip Region
Serbi
(km2)
*
alities
s
a
alities
s
a
inhab./
km2)
Urban zone
449
43,80
16,21
0,51
65.289
45,27
30,18
0,91
145,4
Rural zone
576
56,20
20,79
0,65
78.917
54,73
36,48
1,10
137,0
Municipality
1.025
100
37,00
1,16
144.206
100
66,67
2,01
140,7
Region
2.770
/
100
3,13
216.304
/
100
3,01
78,1
Serbia
88.509
/
/
100
7.186.862
/
/
100
92,6
Source RIS, List 2012
2. Basic characteristics
In the heart of the vast and fertile Leskovac valley, 50 km long and 45 km wide, is the town
of Leskovac which is full of diverse geographic and tourist attractions and sites that will attract the
attention of the most demanding visitors.
City of Leskovac has 144 settlements out of which three, Leskovac, Grdelica and Vucje, are of
an urban type. As the economic, social, political, cultural, educational and administrative center, it is
known as the city with developed textile, chemical, wood processing and food industry, as the city of
grill and cuisine specialties.
The area of the city of Leskovac itself is at an altitude of 210 to 240 meters and is situated in
a fertile valley bordered by Babicka Gora (1098m), Selicevica (903m) and Suva mountain to the east,
Radan (1409m) and Pasjaca to the west and Kukavica (1442m ) and Cemernik (1638m) to the south.
To the north, it is open to Nis, and in the south, via Grdelica gorge, to the Vranje-Bujanovac valley.
2.1
Geographical position (location)

Northern geographical latitude of the city is 4252',
and eastern geographical longitude is 2157'.
Geographic and traffic position of Leskovac valley
has a transit character. Important international
roads go through it, as well as the roads of lower
rank. The main traffic route connects Western and
Central Europe with Macedonia, Greece and Asia.
In the west part of the Jablanica valley, there is a
traffic route connecting Leskovac with Kosovo (road
Leskovac-Lebane-Medvedja-Pristina).
It is also connected with the Pirot valley by the
valleys of Vlasina and Luznica, and the valley of
Vlasina connects it to Vlasina and Krajiste, i.e.
Bulgaria.
Picture 2.Geographical position of Leskovac
2.2
General information
Table 2. General informatio about settlements and cadaster municipalities, 2013.

Municipality
Region
Number of settlements
144
336
Number of city settlements
3
7
Number of other settlements
141
329
Number of cadaster municipalities
140
318
Average size of cadaster minicipalities (km2)
7,32
8,71
Source RIS, Census List 2011.
Picture 3. Leskovac view

Table 3. Information about settlements (type of settlement, number of inhabitants and
size), 2013.
Ordin
Settlement
Share of the total
al
type
Number of
Settlement
number of municipality
numb
(urban/
inhabitants
inhabitants (%)
er
other)
1
Leskovac
urban
60.288
41,81
2
Babicko
other
357
0,25
3
Badince
other
530
0,37
4
Barje
other
247
0,17
5
Belanovce
other
505
0,35
6
Beli potok
other
568
0,39
7
Bistrica
other
50
0,03
8
Bobiste
other
2.635
1,83
9
Bogojevce
other
1.376
0,95
10
Bojisina
other
185
0,13
11
Bocevica
other
118
0,08
12
Bratmilovce
other
3.482
2,41
13
Brejanovce
other
303
0,21
14
Brestovac
other
2.027
1,41
15
Brza
other
1.106
0,77
16
Bricevlje
other
196
0,14
17
Bukova glava
other
277
0,19
18
Bunuski cifluk
other
479
0,33
19
Velika Biljanica
other
472
0,33
20
Velika Grabovnica
other
1.279
0,89
21
Velika Kopasnica
other
653
0,45
22
Velika Sejanica
other
696
0,48
23
Veliko Trnjane
other
916
0,64
6
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Vilje Kolo
Vina
Vinarce
Vlase
Vucje
Gagince
Golema Njiva
Gorina
Gornja Bunusa
Gornja Jajina
Gornja Kupinovica
Gornja Lokosnica
Gornja Slatina
Gornje Krajince
Gornje Sinkovce
Gornje Stopanje
Gornje Trnjane
Gornji Bunibrod
Gradasnica
Grajevce
Graovo
Grdanica
Grdelica
Grdelica selo
Guberevac
Dedina Bara
Dobrotin
Donja Bunusa
Donja Jajina
Donja Kupinovica
Donja Lokosnica
Donja Slatina
Donje Brijanje
Donje Krajince
Donje Sinkovce
Donje Stopanje
Donje Trnjane
Donji Bunibrod
Draskovac
Drvodelja
Drcevac
Dusanovo
Zabljane
Zivkovo
Zizavica
Zaguzane
Zaluznje
Zlokucane
Zlocudovo
Zoljevo
Igriste
Jarsenovo
Jasunja
Jelasnica
Kaludjerce
Karadjordjevac
Kastavar
Kovaceva Bara
other
other
other
other
urban
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
urban
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
4
193
2.730
503
2.865
87
67
652
541
528
141
105
181
738
445
1.829
215
710
380
374
215
525
2.136
1.058
1.766
794
320
261
1.277
46
879
225
1.283
733
1.556
1.105
255
553
652
216
294
170
572
620
168
310
422
192
252
225
258
338
400
242
167
374
50
131
7
0,00
0,13
1,89
0,35
1,99
0,06
0,05
0,45
0,38
0,37
0,10
0,07
0,13
0,51
0,31
1,27
0,15
0,49
0,26
0,26
0,15
0,36
1,48
0,73
1,22
0,55
0,22
0,18
0,89
0,03
0,61
0,16
0,89
0,51
1,08
0,77
0,18
0,38
0,45
0,15
0,20
0,12
0,40
0,43
0,12
0,21
0,29
0,13
0,17
0,16
0,18
0,23
0,28
0,17
0,12
0,26
0,03
0,09
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
Kozare
Koracevac
Krpejce
Kukulovce
Kumarevo
Kutles
Lipovica
Licin Dol
Mala Biljanica
Mala Grabovnica
Mala Kopasnica
Manojlovce
Medja
Melovo
Milanovo
Mirosevce
Mrkovica
Mrstane
Navalin
Nakrivanj
Nesvrta
Novo Selo
Nomanica
Oraovica (near Grdelica)
Oraovica (near Crkovnica)
Orasac
Oruglica
Padez
Palikuca
Palojce
Petrovac
Pecenjevce
Piskupovo
Podrimce
Predejane (settlement)
Predejane (village)
Presecina
Priboj
Ravni Del
Radonjica
Razgojna
Rajno polje
Rudare
Svirce
Slavujevce
Slatina
Smrdan
Strojkovce
Stupnica
Susevlje
Todorovce
Tulovo
Tupalovce
Turekovac
Crveni Breg
Crkovnica
Crcavac
Cekmin
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
other
318
172
17
290
799
560
1.165
97
187
254
213
775
821
44
516
903
1
1.332
826
1.159
48
38
287
1.944
89
525
111
25
387
453
146
1.500
161
208
1.088
405
364
548
73
803
764
689
510
422
394
479
120
1.233
265
136
477
697
321
1.493
13
78
99
820
8
0,22
0,12
0,01
0,20
0,55
0,39
0,81
0,07
0,13
0,18
0,15
0,54
0,57
0,03
0,36
0,63
0,00
0,92
0,57
0,80
0,03
0,03
0,20
1,35
0,06
0,36
0,08
0,02
0,27
0,31
0,10
1,04
0,11
0,14
0,75
0,28
0,25
0,38
0,05
0,56
0,53
0,48
0,35
0,29
0,27
0,33
0,08
0,86
0,18
0,09
0,33
0,48
0,22
1,04
0,01
0,05
0,07
0,57
140
141
142
143
Source
Cifluk Razgojnski
Cukljenik
Sainovac
Sarlince
RIS, Census List 2011
other
other
other
other
312
566
210
774
0,22
0,39
0,15
0,54
Table 4. List of settlements and belonging cadastral municipalities, 2013.

Ordinal
Size (km2)
Settlement
Cadastral municipality
number
1
Leskovac
Leskovac
229.293,02
2
Babicko
Babicko
188.442,81
3
Badince
Badince
25.322,42
4
Barje
Barje
160.871,03
5
Belanovce
Belanovce
77.213,25
6
Beli potok
Beli potok
29.699,24
7
Bistrica
Bistrica
76.662,59
8
Bobiste
Bobiste
43.418,21
9
Bogojevce
Bogojevce
73.447,84
10
Bojisina
Bojisina
48.143,04
11
Bocevica
Bocevica
27.751,86
12
Bratmilovce
Bratmilovce
35.713,11
13
Brejanovce
Brejanovce
20.443,36
14
Brestovac
Brestovac
96.079,89
15
Brza
Brza
11.844,09
16
Bricevlje
Bricevlje
53.900,54
17
Bukova glava
Bukova glava
101.209,75
Bunuski cifluk, G.Bunusa,
18
Bunusa
89.767,11
D.Bunusa
19
Velika Biljanica
Velika Biljanica
42.660,74
20
Velika Grabovnica
Velika Grabovnica
106.626,88
21
Velika Kopasnica
Velika Kopasnica
66.401,87
22
Sejanica
Sejanica
82.808,52
23
Veliko Trnjane
Veliko Trnjane
94.028,98
24
Vilje Kolo
Vilje Kolo
10.736,01
25
Vina
Vina
70.606,77
26
Vinarce
Vinarce
132.382,92
27
Vlase
Vlase
40.055,02
28
Vucje
Vucje
378.856,18
29
Gagince
Gagince
120.802,48
30
Gorina
Gorina
113.951,54
31
Gornja Jajina
Gornja Jajina
38.578,10
32
Gornja Kupinovica
Gornja Kupinovica
69.377,04
33
Gornja Lokosnica
Gornja Lokosnica
41.814,57
34
Gornja Slatina
Gornja Slatina
17.745,24
35
Gornje Krajince
Gornje Krajince
45.179,39
36
Gornje Sinkovce
Gornje Sinkovce
25.587,08
37
Gornje Stopanje
Gornje Stopanje
68.613,45
38
Gornje Trnjane
Gornje Trnjane
19.549,10
39
Gornji Bunibrod
Gornji Bunibrod
50.859,64
40
Gradasnica
Gradasnica
92.198,60
41
Grajevce
Grajevce
55.367,33
42
Graovo
Graovo
106.768,25
43
Grdanica
Grdanica
68.953,72
44
Grdelica varos
Grdelica varos
6.222,45
45
Grdelica selo
Grdelica selo
56.610,27
46
Guberevac
Guberevac
123.036,87
47
Dedina Bara
Dedina Bara
66.213,23
9
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
Dobrotin
Donja Jajina
Donja Kupinovica
Donja Lokosnica
Donja Slatina
Donje Brijanje
Donje Krajince
Donje Sinkovce
Donje Stopanje
Donje Trnjane
Donji Bunibrod
Draskovac
Drvodelja
Drcevac
Dusanovo
Zabljane
Zivkovo
Zizavica
Zaguzane
Zaluznje
Zlokucane
Zlocudovo
Zoljevo
Igriste
Jarsenovo
Jasunja
Jelasnica
Kaludjerce
Karadjordjevac
Kastavar
Kovaceva Bara
Kozare
Koracevac
Krpejce
Kukulovce
Kumarevo
Kutles
Lipovica
Licin Dol
Mala Biljanica
Mala Grabovnica
Mala Kopasnica
Manojlovce
Medja
Melovo
Milanovo
Mirosevce
Mrkovica
Mrstane
Navalin
Nakrivanj
Nesvrta
Novo Selo
Nomanica
Orasac
Oruglica
Padez
Dobrotin
Donja Jajina
Donja Kupinovica
Donja Lokosnica
Donja Slatina
Donje Brijanje
Donje Krajince
Donje Sinkovce
Donje Stopanje
Donje Trnjane
Donji Bunibrod
Draskovac
Drvodelja
Drcevac
Dusanovo
Zabljane
Zivkovo
Zizavica
Zaguzane
Zaluznje
Zlokucane
Zlocudovo
Zoljevo
Igriste
Jarsenovo
Jasunja
Jelasnica
Kaludjerce
Karadjordjevac
Kastavar
Kovaceva Bara
Kozare
Koracevac
Krpejce
Kukulovce
Kumarevo
Kutles
Lipovica
Licin Dol
Mala Biljanica
Mala Grabovnica
Mala Kopasnica
Manojlovce
Medja
Melovo
Milanovo
Mirosevce
Mrkovica
Mrstane
Navalin
Nakrivanj
Nesvrta
Novo Selo
Nomanica
Orasac
Oruglica
Padez
10
34.812,30
68.905,61
20.554,90
80.080,43
14.764,66
157.992,29
45.863,85
25.267,67
92.447,89
18.803,41
38.455,69
62.430,34
40.567,12
67.647,86
41.664,32
45.156,90
63.322,21
10.381,67
33.201,43
63.219,59
20.052,79
14.402,61
47.741,60
62.892,48
140.036,25
123.860,85
45.775,36
59.261,48
78.869,35
49.516,10
51.481,41
50.881,95
43.950,16
33.375,71
33.322.09
30.476,88
50.442,71
77.083,07
42.057,63
12.178,72
27.639,29
17.481,67
43.005,08
74.504,04
66.994,66
55.749,80
105.782,69
49.285,11
69.105,05
51.624,28
292.718,36
28.155,97
217.948,89
10.474,53
208.057,09
86.876,18
295.832,35
94.433,78
106
Palikuca
107
Palojce
108
Petrovac
109
Pecenjevce
110
Piskupovo
111
Podrimce
112
Predejane (town)
113
Predejane (village)
114
Presecina
115
Priboj
116
Ravni Del
117
Radonjica
118
Razgojna
119
Rajno polje
120
Rudare
121
Svirce
122
Slavujevce
123
Slatina
124
Smrdan
125
Strojkovce
126
Stupnica
127
Susevlje
128
Todorovce
129
Tulovo
130
Tupalovce
131
Turekovac
132
Crveni Breg
133
Crkovnica
134
Crcavac
135
Cekmin
136
Cifluk Razgojnski
137
Cukljenik
138
Sainovac
139
Sarlince
140
Sisince
Source Cadaster Leskovac
Palikuca
Palojce
Petrovac
Pecenjevce
Piskupovo
Podrimce
Predejane (town)
Predejane (village)
Presecina
Priboj
Ravni Del
Radonjica
Razgojna
Rajno polje
Rudare
Svirce
Slavujevce
Slatina
Smrdan
Strojkovce
Stupnica
Susevlje
Todorovce
Tulovo
Tupalovce
Turekovac
Crveni Breg
Crkovnica
Crcavac
Cekmin
Cifluk Razgojnski
Cukljenik
Sainovac
Sarlince
Sisince
38.072,28
75.672,27
28.957,25
136.964,09
35.951,40
57.566,44
5.167,44
92.829,44
36.800,03
66.361,62
91.241,01
63.593,97
94.492,43
80.634,69
60.555,15
58.020,50
59.650,80
159.664,02
23.752,27
96.171,70
132.159,12
54.656,92
50.110,99
114.821,14
31.455,21
131.885,00
104.568,66
224.740,12
72.098,52
121.276,69
32.492,16
73.232,71
24.448,82
65.532,59
60.336,17
Table 5. List of local communities, 2013.

Ordinal
number
Local community
Neighbourhood of the LC
Number of
inhabitants
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Babicko
Badince
Barje
Belanovce
Beli Potok
Bogojevce
Bojisina
Brejanovce
Brestovac
Brza
Bricevlje
Bukova Glava
Bunuski Cifluk
Veliko Trnjane
Velika Biljanica
Velika Grabovnica
Babicko
Badince
Barje, Kaludjerce, Crcavac
Belanovce
Beli Potok
Bogojevce
Bojisina
Brejanovce
Brestovac
Brza
Bricevlje
Bukova Glava
Bunuski Cifluk
Veliko Trnjane
Velika Biljanica
Velika Grabovnica
357
530
513
505
568
1.376
185
303
2.027
1.106
196
277
479
916
472
1.279
11
Share in the
total number of
inhabitants (%)
0,25
0,37
0,36
0,35
0,39
0,95
0,13
0,21
1,41
0,77
0,14
0,19
0,33
0,64
0,33
0,89
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
Velika Kopasnica
Velika Sejanica
Vina
Vinarce
Vlase
Vucje
Golema Njiva
Gorina
Gornja Bunusa
Gornja Jajina
Gornja Kupinovica
Gornja Lokosnica
Gornja Slatina
Gornje Trnjane
Gornje Krajince
Gornje Sinkovce
Gornji Bunibrod
Gradasnica
Grajevce
Graovo
Grdanica
Grdelica
Grdelica village
Guberevac
Dedina Bara
Dobrotin
Donja Bunusa
Donja Jajina
Donja Kupinovica
Donja Lokosnica
Donja Slatina
Donje Trnjane
Donje Brijanje
Donje Krajince
Donje Stopanje
Donji Bunibrod
Draskovac
Drvodelja
Drcevac
Dusanovo
Zabljane
Zivkovo
Zaguzane
Zaluznje
Zlokucane
Zlocudovo
Zoljevo
Igriste
Jarsenovo
Jasunja
Jelasnica
Karadjordjevac
Kozare
Kutles
Kukulovce
Kumarevo
Lipovica
Mala Biljanica
Velika Kopasnica
Velika Sejanica
Vina
Vinarce
Vlase
Vucje
Golema Njiva
Gorina
Gornja Bunusa
Gornja Jajina
Gornja Kupinovica
Gornja Lokosnica
Gornja Slatina
Gornje Trnjane
Gornje Krajince
Gornje Sinkovce
Gornji Bunibrod
Gradasnica
Grajevce
Graovo
Grdanica
Grdelica town
Grdelica village
Guberevac
Dedina Bara
Dobrotin
Donja Bunusa
Donja Jajina
Donja Kupinovica
Donja Lokosnica
Donja Slatina
Donje Trnjane
Donje Brijanje
Donje Krajince
Donje Stopanje
Donji Bunibrod, Zizavica
Draskovac
Drvodelja
Drcevac
Dusanovo
Zabljane
Zivkovo
Zaguzane
Zaluznje
Zlokucane
Zlocudovo
Zoljevo
Igriste
Jarsenovo
Jasunja
Jelasnica
Karadjordjevac
Kozare
Kutles
Kukulovce
Kumarevo
Lipovica
Mala Biljanica
12
653
696
193
2.730
503
2.865
67
652
541
528
141
105
181
215
738
445
710
380
374
215
525
2.136
1.058
1.766
794
320
261
1.277
46
879
225
255
1.283
733
1.105
721
652
216
294
170
572
620
310
422
192
252
225
258
338
400
242
374
318
560
290
799
1.165
187
0,45
0,48
0,13
1,89
0,35
1,99
0,05
0,45
0,38
0,37
0,10
0,07
0,13
0,15
0,51
0,31
0,49
0,26
0,26
0,15
0,36
1,48
0,73
1,22
0,55
0,22
0,18
0,89
0,03
0,61
0,16
0,18
0,89
0,51
0,77
0,50
0,45
0,15
0,20
0,12
0,40
0,43
0,21
0,29
0,13
0,17
0,16
0,18
0,23
0,28
0,17
0,26
0,22
0,39
0,20
0,55
0,81
0,13
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
88
Mala Grabovnica
Mala Kopasnica
Manojlovce
Medja
Milanovo
Mirosevce
Mrstane
Navalin
Nakrivanj
Novo Selo
Nomanica
Oraovica Grdelicka
Oraovica
Crkovnicka
Orasac
89
Oruglica
90
91
92
93
94
95
Palikuca
Palojce
Petrovac
Pecenjevce
Piskupovo
Podrimce
96
Predejane
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Predejane - village
Presecina
Priboj
Radonjica
Razgojna
Rajno Polje
Rudare
Strojkovce
Stupnica
Svirce
Slatina
Slavujevce
Smrdan
Susevlje
Todorovce
Tulovo
Tupalovce
Turekovac
Crkovnica
Cekmin
Cifluk razgojnski
Cukljenik
Sainovac
Sarlince
87
Mala Grabovnica
Mala Kopasnica
Manojlovce
Medja
Milanovo
Mirosevce
Mrstane
Navalin
Nakrivanj
Novo Selo
Nomanica
Oraovica Grdelicka, Nesvrta, Bistrica
254
213
775
821
516
903
1.332
826
1.159
38
287
2.042
0,18
0,15
0,54
0,57
0,36
0,63
0,92
0,57
0,80
0,03
0,20
1,42
Oraovica Crkovnicka
89
0,06
Orasac
Oruglica, Gagince, Melovo, Ravni
del
Palikuca
Palojce, Licin Dol, Krpejce, Bocevica
Petrovac
Pecenjevce, Kastavar
Piskupovo
Podrimce
Predejane town, Koracevac, Crveni
Breg, Mrkovica
Predejane village
Presecina
Priboj
Radonjica
Razgojna
Rajno polje
Rudare
Strojkovce
Stupnica
Svirce
Slatina
Slavujevce
Smrdan
Susevlje
Todorovce
Tulovo
Tupalovce
Turekovac
Crkovnica
Cekmin
Cifluk razgojnski
Cukljenik
Sainovac
Sarlince
525
0,36
315
0,22
387
685
146
1.550
161
208
0,27
0,48
0,10
1,07
0,11
0,14
1.274
0,88
405
364
548
803
764
689
510
1.233
265
422
479
394
120
136
477
697
321
1.493
78
820
312
566
210
774
0,28
0,25
0,38
0,56
0,53
0,48
0,35
0,86
0,18
0,29
0,33
0,27
0,08
0,09
0,33
0,48
0,22
1,04
0,05
0,57
0,22
0,39
0,15
0,54
In the territory of the city of Leskovac, local communities are formed: Anciki, Bobiste,
Bratmilovce, Veljko Vlahovic, Veternica, Gornje Stopanje, Donje Sinkovce, Dubocica, Rade
Zunic, Stojan Ljubic, Morava, Mosa Pijade, Milentije Popovic, Prva juznomoravska brigada,
Kosta Stamenkovic, Hisar, Centar and Marko Crni.3
Assembly decision on establishment of local communities 2013
13
2.3
Climate
Mild moderate continental climate with the average annual temperature if 11.40oC, precipitation
of 628mm and moderate sea level (210 240) m, exceptionally favorable for living and economy.
Moderate continental climate determined by the geographical width (430 average width), sea
level (210 240 m) and relief (favourable arrangement of hilly and plain areas), has contributed to
the regions favourable conditions for living and basic economy activities.
Maximum temperature: 43.7 oC
Date of the maximum temperature:

July 24, 2007
Minimum temperature: -30.3 oC
Date of the minimum temperature:

January 13, 1985
Maximum precipitation: 92.0 mm
Date of the maximum precipitation:

June 26, 1954
Maximum snow: 124 cm
Date of the maximum snow: January
Picture 4. Winter in Leskovac
31, 1963
Table 6. Climate indicators.4

Municipality
TEMPERATURE
Average air temperature January (C)
Average air temperature July (C)
Average air temperature annual (C)
Average number of frosty days annual
Average number of tropical days annual
AIR HUMIDITY
Average air humidity annual (%)
DURATION OF SUNSHINE
Average number of bright days annual
Average number of cloudy days annual
PRECIPITATION
Average amount of precipitation annual (mm)
OCCURRENCE
Average number of snowy days annual
Average number of days with snow cover annual
Average number of foggy days annual
Average number of hail days annual
NHMSS
14
0
21.6
11.10
93
42
73.0
79
112
625.40
35
49
26
1
2.4
Local government
The highest legal act of the City is the Statute which specifies detailed conditions and forms of the
enforcement of rights and duties within the jurisdiction of the City. Statute is authorised by the City
Assembly with the majority of the total number of councilors. In the implementation of its jurisdiction,
the City adopts its own regulations itself, in accordance with its rights and duties stipulated by the
Constitution, law, other regulations and the Statute.
City authorities are: City Assembly, the Mayor, City Council and City Administrations.
City Assembly is the highest authority of the City which performs basic functions of the local
government established by the Constitution, law and the Statute. City Assembly consists of 75
councilors, elected by the citizens in direct elections, by secret ballot, in accordance with the law and
this Statute. The City Assembly has its President.
City Assembly President organizes the work of the City Assembly, convenes and presides
over its sessions. President of the City Assembly represents the City Assembly before any international
and domestic entities, organizations and bodies. President of the City Assembly has a deputy to
replace him in case of his absence or inability to perform his duties. Deputy President of the City
Assembly is elected and dismissed in the same manner as the President of the City Assembly. The City
Assembly has the Secretary who is responsible for performing technical tasks related to the convening
and holding of sessions of the City Assembly.
Executive authorities of the City are the Mayor and the City Council.
The Mayor is elected by the City Assembly from among the members of the Assembly for a
term of four years by secret ballot, by a majority of votes of the total number of the City Assembly
members. The Mayor has a deputy to replace him in case of his absence or inability to perform his
duties. President of the City Assembly proposes candidates for the position of mayor. Mayor candidate
proposes a candidate for Deputy Mayor from among the members of the Assembly who is elected in
the same manner as the Mayor.
Mayors Assistants undertake initiatives, propose projects and give opinions on matters that
are important for the development of areas they are set for and perform other duties stipulated by the
Act on the organization of the City Administration. Mayors Assistants are appointed and dismissed by
the Mayor. The City Administration can have up to five Assistants of the Mayor.
City Council is made of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, as well as the 11 members of the City
Council elected by the City Assembly for the period of four years, by secret ballot, with the majority of
the total number of members. Mayor is the President of the City Council.
City Administration is organized into several city administrations. Number, name, and areas
that city administration deal with are determined by the Act on the organization of the city
15
administrations. Operation of the City Administration is managed by the Head of the City
Administration. Head of the City Administration is appointed by the City Council, following a public call
in the period of five years.
1. City Administration for Urban Planning and Housing-Communal Affairs
2. City Administration for Inspection Affairs
3. City Administration for Finance
4. City Administration for Property and Property-Legal Affairs
5. City Administration for Economy and Agriculture
6. City Administration for Social Services
7. City Administration for Environmental Protection
8. City Administration for General Affairs
9. City Administration for City Assembly and City Council Affairs
10. City Administration for Citizen Service City Service Center
11. City Administration for Public Procurement
Agency for Local Economic Development is responsible for the economic development of the
City of Leskovac and was created as an expression of the need to form a strong, developmental
institution that directly works on building economic competitiveness of the local community in order to
improve its economic and social future. The Agency is formally created by merging professional,
financial, material and human resources: Fund for the City Development, Guarantee Fund for the City
of Leskovac, Fund for the Improvement of Agriculture and Fund for Scholarships and Awards in the
territory of the City of Leskovac. The Agency's mission is to promote entrepreneurship and dynamic
entrepreneurial culture, to support the development of SMEs, encourage the establishment and
development of cooperatives and other forms of business associations, create the conditions for new
working positions, and improve economic environment and quality of life for all people in the local
community. Basic tasks of the Agency include: development of medium and long-term strategies
and plans for the development of the city, making specific development projects, project
management, networking of business entities and the establishment of partnerships between the
private and public sectors, organizing various forms of counseling, organization of professional
seminars, making of promotional materials, organized appearance in presentations, exhibitions and
fairs, professional support for start-up entrepreneurs (training for running business individually,
support in development of business plans, etc), support to the establishment of business and
professional associations, service to investors through the Info-Centre.
Regional institutions:
Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Centre for the Development of Jablanica and Pcinja
Region, Regional Centre for Support and Promotion of Export.
NGOs: Education Centre, National Parliament, Resource Centre, Women for Peace,
Committee for Human Rights, Centre for Independent Living of Persons with Disabilities,
Muscular Dystrophy Association of Jablanica Region, Society for the Help to the Mentally
Challenged Leskovac, Association of Disabled Persons with Amputated Limbs, Association of
Civil War Invalids, Association of the Deaf, Association of Renal Patients, Association of the
Blind, Paraplegic Association, Society for Cerebral and Children paralysis, Society for the
Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Jablanica Region, Roma Center of Southern Serbia.
www.aler.rs
http://www.nvo.org.rs/
http://www.centarzarazvoj.org/
http://www.amf.rs/rcspe.com
16
http://www.parlament.org.rs/
http://womenforpeace.org.rs/
http://www.rpkle.rs/
Table 7. Structure of the municipal assembly members, 2013.
Municipality (number of
assembly members)
Total
75
Total number of
Male
49
members
Female
26
Total
20
DS
Male
12
Female
8
Total
19
SNS
Male
13
Female
6
Total
9
SPS-BS
Male
5
Female
4
Total
7
URS
Male
6
Female
1
Total
3
NS
Male
2
Female
1
Total
4
JS
Male
2
Female
2
Total
3
DSS
Male
2
Female
1
Total
3
PUPS
Male
2
Female
1
Total
4
SDPS
Male
2
Female
2
Total
1
Independent
Male
1
member LDP
Female
0
Total
1
Independent
member Ref.
Male
1
Party
Female
0
Total
1
Independent
Male
1
member
Female
0
Total
20
DS
Male
12
Female
8
Total
19
SNS
Male
13
Female
6
Total
9
SPS-BS
Male
5
Female
4
17
http://www.rcleskovac.rs/
Share in the total number of

inhabitants (%)
100
65.33
34.67
26.67
16.00
10.67
25.33
17.33
8.00
12.00
6.67
5.33
9.33
8.00
1.33
4.00
2.67
1.33
5.33
2.67
2.67
4.00
2.67
1.33
4.00
2.67
1.33
5.33
2.67
2.67
1.33
1.33
0.00
1.33
1.33
0.00
1.33
1.33
0.00
26.67
16.00
10.67
25.33
17.33
8.00
12.00
6.67
5.33
Total
Male
Female
Source: City Administration for City Assembly and
URS
2.5
7
6
1
City Council Affairs
9.33
8.00
1.33
History, tradition and cultural heritage
In the 5th century BA, Greek historian Herodot mentioned that in a place or in the vicinity of
todays Leskovac was an Ilyrian (dardan) settlement, surrounded by the fields of hemp. In the 2nd
century, after defeating the Ilyrians, the Romans came to this area. They found a settlement on the
left bank of the Veternica River and built a fortress on the Hill of Hisar, which dominated the town and
nearby roads.
There are no data about the first centuries of life of our predecessors in this area until the 12th
century. The area around Leskovac, named Glubocica (Dubocica), was given as a present from Greek
emperor Manojlo to Nemanja in the 12th century, as the area of Glubocica, where Leskovac
settlement was situated. During the times of Emperor Dusan and immediately after him, some villages
in Dubocica, as well as Leskovac, were given to monasteries as presents. Emperor Stefan Dusan gave
the village of Leskovac to Hilendar Monastery in 1348. In 1395, Efimija (Duchess Milica) and her sons
Vuk and Stefan gave a house in Leskovac and two men to Svetogorski Monastery St Pantelejmon. At
that time, Leskovac was mentioned for the first time as a town.
Picture 5. Hisar bridge,1889.
By the end of the 18th century, Leskovac was

already the center of big Leskovac pashalik that covered
the territory of former Alaxi - Hisar (Krusevac) and
Paracin. French geographer Ami Bue wrote in 1837 that
Leskovac had 3,000 houses, 2,400 Christian and 500
Turkish, 30 Roma and 10 Jewish, and total of 15,000
citizens.
Occupation of Leskovac area by Austro Hungary,

Germany and Bulgaria (from 1915 - 1918), did great
damage to citizens, economy and it stopped the
development of the town. Leskovac achieved the maximum in economic development by the
beginning of World War II. On April 6 and 8 in 1941, Leskovac was bombed for the first time. Bombs
fell around railway station, main street towards Hisar, foundry "Sava" was destroyed as well as
transport company "Begovic and Djokic". Germans entered Leskovac on April 12, 1941 and occupied
it.
During World War II, Leskovac submitted great
human and material losses, and when freedom was
already in sight, it suffered a catastrophe that no other
city in Serbia did. Anglo-American bombers like "Libertas"
accompanied by "hunters" dumped 69 tons of bombs on
the city by the system of carpet bombing on 6
September, 1944. That killed a large number of people,
and some estimates range as high as 6,000 (although so
far the confirmed list - first and last names is 819 killed)
and destroyed entire neighborhoods, as well as the 84
Picture 6. Leskovac after bombing
largest and most beautiful city objects, which forever ruined the architectural appearance of the city
at the crossroads of craft and industrial center.
In World War II, Leskovac was released on 11 October, 1944, but that did not stop the
dissolution of its powerful industry created in the 1920s and 1930s.
Already in June 1945, the factory "Gligorije Petrovic and co." was nationalized, and since then
it operated in public ownership under the name of T. I. "Kosta Stamenkovic". During the period
18
between 1945 and 1952, a large number of textile and other factory machinery was moved from
Leskovac to other cities of Yugoslavia (Pirot, Titograd, Uzice, Prokuplje, Visegrad, Pozarevac,
Belgrade, Tetovo, Zemun ...), which was certainly a decisive factor in the interrupted development of
Leskovac as an industrial center.
Picture 7. Postcard of Leskovac
Picture 8. Main street
Legend says that Leskovac was named after the plant leska that grew on the site of the former
drained lake that was located below the foot of the Hisar hill and near the present City of Leskovac.
Settlement Leskovac was named after it more than 600 years ago.
Sop-Djokic House is 120 years old. This is a onestorey building with a porch above the entrance.
The ground floor of the building is almost without
openings and half of it is cellar space. Floor of the
house was well furnished with a carved ceiling in
the largest room. The building was restored and
rebuilt in the same style in 1980.
Picture 9. Sop-Djokic House

House of Bora Dimitrijevic Piksla, the old
building of the National Museum, was built in the
nineteenth century. It is a single storey building,
made in the Balkan style. Today, this building
represents a permanent ethnological exhibition
of the National Museum, which depicts the
Picture 10. House of Bora Dimitrijevic Piksla
interior of houses in Leskovac during the nineteenth century.
Odzaklija Church was built in 1803 on the foundations of an already existing temple. Its
appearance is different from other churches. It is wide and low, which is why the outside looks more
like a house than a church. That was the intention of the ancient builders. In fact, it was built during
the Turkish rule, when the the invaders did not look benevolently on Orthodox churches. At that time
there were no churches in the city, so Leskovac people went to temples that were located in the
surrounding villages. In the first years of the the 19th century, they were able to obtain a firman from
the Sultan, i.e. the permission to build a church in the city. However, the local Turkish population was
not very pleased. Leskovac people, as the story goes and is recorded by a number of authors, came
up with the idea to build a fireplace and chimney to the object, saying that they were not building the
church, but the priest's house. And after the completion of construction, and the Turkish rule, the
temple was exposed to danger. It was damaged in both bombings of Leskovac, German and Allied,
and during World War II. The floods hit the city in 1948, and the water that entered the temple was
one meter high. Chimney existed until 1963 when it collapsed, while a fireplace remained in the
19
church. That same year, the roof fell under the strong pressure of snow and renovation was started in
1970 and completed in 1992. Within the churchyard, there is one rarity in the Orthodox world, the
unique example of the construction venture, which is an old church dedicated to the Nativity of the
Virgin Mary or Mala Gospojina.
3. Natural resources
Table 8. Structure of land, 2013.
Municipality
share in the
Municipality
District
size of the
same type
(km2)
(km2)
in the
district (%)
Total size
1,025
100
37.02
2,769
Agricultural land
572
55.85
38.39
1,491
Arable land
381
37.18
51.63
738
Forests
278
27.09
27.04
1,027
Source: Municipalities and districts in the Republic of Serbia, 2012
Share in
the total
size of the
municiity
(%)
District
share in
the size of
the same
type in
Serbia (%)
0.08
2.93
2.24
5.23
Serbia
(km2)
3,293,577
50,963
32,949
19,624
Since it has a moderate continental climate with very mild winters and moderately warm
summers, Leskovac abounds in natural beauty which is very rare by its diversity and beauty.
Numerous mountains, lakes, rivers, canyons, gorges ... are characteristic of this region.
Rivers
The largest river in the region of Leskovac is the South
Morava River, flowing from the south to the north, and
along with the West Morava River, it makes the Great
Morava. The following rivers flow into the South Morava: the
Vlasina River, which affects water from Vlasina Lake and
flows through Crna Trava and Vlasotince; the Veternica,
which flows through Leskovac, Jablanica, which rises at the
foot of Goljak and flows through Medvedja and Lebane, the
Pusta River, which flows from mountain Radan, fills
Brestovacko Lake and flows through Bojnik. The Vucjanka
River, starting from mountain Kukavica, flows through Vucje
Picture 11. The South Morava River

20
and flows into the Veternica. Leskovac area is also famous for the Kozaracka, Predejanska,
Kopasnicka and Susica River.
Flora and Fauna

Natural resources of Leskovac area are favourable for a great variety of
plants and animals. Most common wild animals are: deer, wild boar,
rabbit, partridge and pheasant. A great variety of herbs and other useful
plants grow here. The first flora research in this area was conducted by
the founder of Serbian botany, Josif Pancic at the end of the 19th
century.
He found a very rare plant on Ostrozub, endemorelict bay-cherry (Prunus
Laurocerasus). For more than hundred years this plant has attracted
attention of botanists from all over the world, since it was found only
here, in Bulgaria and on 2-3 other locations. That is why Ostrozub is
protected as a natural reserve. There are around 50 rare, mainly healthy
plants in Leskovac area.
Grdelica gorge
A wide Leskovac valley became full of hills
covered with forests only ten kilometers south
of the town. That is where a vivid Grdelica
gorge begins. The south part is called Momina
gorge. The South Morava River flows through
it. Only 25 km away from Leskovac, there is a
nice mountain picnic resort Predejane
Slika 12. Slopes of Babicka gora
surrounded by forests, hills, protected from
winds and with no fog- an ideal place for rest.
Picture 13. Grdelica gorge
Babicka gora hillsides
This mountain beauty is rich with different wild animals. It is special because the sight from the hills
towards Suva mountain is exquisite, so it can be a good starting point for walking tours through
mountainous area.
Canyon of the Vucjanka River

The Vucjanka River flows through the rocky riverbed
through the mountain Kukavica. It makes beautiful
channels, waterfalls and miniature lakes. Canyon is
several kilometers long and has many attractive bathing
locations. In the middle of the Vucjanka canyon there is
one of the oldest hydroelectric power plants on the
Balkans. It was built in 1903 and it is still functioning.
Picture 14. The Vucjanka

River
21
Kukavica
Potential for tourism development of Leskovac is mountain Kukavica, which is situated among Vranje
valley in the south, Leskovac in the north and Grdelica gorge in the
east, as well as the valley of Veternica. Peak is called Vlajna and is
1441 meters high. It covers the area of 587 m2. This mountain is only
16 km away from Leskovac. Local bus lines connect the town to it often
enough and roads are also good. Mountain Kukavica has good natural
conditions for development of mountain and hunting tourism, since
there are many wild animals such as wild boar and deer. There are also
many other birds and animals, as well as predators. PC "Srbija sume" is
responsible for it. One of the registered hunting areas is "Kukavica"
which is at 1360 meters above sea level. Beneath the peak there is a
ski path which is 600 m long and 100 m wide, with the average slope
of 22 %. ukavica is an ideal place for sports preparations,
mounteneering and walking, rural tourism and exploitation of medical
herbs.
4. Human resources
4.1
Population (number
of inhabitants and
population growth)
Picture 15. Kukavica
When comparing the data from the last two censuses, it must be taken
into account that the same concept of total population was not applied, and that the Albanians from
Southern Serbia boycotted the 2011 census.5 In the absence of official census data that could be used
for the methodologically correct calculation of the population growth, as well as the official estimate of
the population who boycotted the 2011 Census, calculations of authors were made which were the
basis for the net emigration at the time between censuses 2002 - 2011, estimated at 65 thousand,
with the decrease of total population at 363 thousand (which is about 50 thousand more than the
official data). Negative natural increase amounted to 297 thousand.
Reduction of population is much higher in the south than in the north. Between the two
censuses in Leskovac, there has been a depopulation, which is a warning. According to official data of
the last census in 2011, in the territory of our city there are 144,206 inhabitants, which is 12,046 less
than the census in 2002. The main reasons for depopulation lie in extremely low fertility and high
mortality rates. Negative population growth is -6.7 per 1000 inhabitants. Migration or highly expressed
emigration in the region (especially of the young) is a major problem of the city, although it has been
a continuous, decades-long trend present in the whole Serbia: migration from village to city.
Aging of the overall population (observed from the mid-20th century) is a process that has
lasted in Leskovac and Serbia for more than 40 years, from the late 1960s when the population was
demographically the youngest. With an average age of 41.52 years (41.57 years, Serbia), an aging
index of 111.71 in Leskovac and 114.32 in Serbia, the country was one of the demographically oldest
ones in the world in 2011.
According to the preliminary data of the agricultural census, 14% of the total population is
agricultural population. The level of education of the population in the city, as well as the structure of
professional offer is less favorable than in the Republic of Serbia, and is far behind the developmental
needs of the City.
(Penev, Marinkovic, 2012).
22
Table 9. Comparative population statistics, Census data 2011.

1961
1971
1981
1991
2002
Number of inhabitants in
the municipality*
134,250 147,487
159,001 161,986 161,086
Change of the number of
inhabitants in the
municipality
/
13,237
11,514
2,985
-900
Population growth in the
municipality
/
9.86
7.81
1.88
-0.56
the region*
254,855 260,982
262,531 255,011 247,834
Population growth in the
region
/
2.40
0.59
-2.86
-2.81
Source RIS * Number of inhabitants by the previous methodology (earlier censuses
Table 10. Estimated population in the period 2005-2011.

2005
2006
2007
2008
the municipality
154,113 153,084 151,964 150,653
Total change of the
number of inhabitants in
the municipality
-4,864
-1,029
-1,120
-1,311
Population growth rate in
the municipality (%)
-3.06
-0.67
-0.73
-0.86
236,062 234,018 231,793 229,430
Serbia (%)
-5.63
-0.87
-0.95
-1.02
Source RIS, Census List 2011
4.2
144,206
-16,880
-10.48
216,304
-12.72
before 1991)
2009
2010
2011
149,279
147,959
146,640
-1,374
-1,320
-1,319
-0.91
-0.88
-0.89
227,116
224,776
222,394
-1.01
-1.03
-1.06
Population by the type of settlement
Table 11. Structure of population by the type of settlement, 2011.

Municipality
Region
Number
Share (%)
Number
Share (%)
Urban population
65,289
45.27
93,679
43.31
The rest of the
population
78,917
54.73
122,625
56.69
Total population
144,206
100
216,304
100
4.3
2011
Important events
23
Serbia
Number
Share (%)
4,271,872
59.44
2,914,990
7,186,862
40.56
100
Table 12. Vital events, 2011.

Live births
Live births per 1000 inhabitants
Deceased
Deceased per 1000 inhabitants
Natural population growth
Natural population growth per 1000
inhabitants
Municipality
1194
8,1
2178
14,9
-984
Region
1751
7,9
3483
15,7
-1732
Serbia
65598
9
102935
14,2
-37337
-6,7
-7,8
-5,2
Table 13. Structure of the female population aged 15 and over by the number of live
births, 2011.
Region of the Southern and
women aged 15 and more in the
Eastern Serbia
municipality (%)
Total
686.072
100
Did not give birth
152.094
22,17
1 child
135.928
19,81
2
318.377
46,41
Gave
3
60.426
8,81
birth
4
13.028
1,90
5 and more
children
6.219
0,91
Average number of children
1.95
/
4.4
Population by marital status
Table 14. Structure of the population aged 15 and more by marital status and gender,
2011.
Share in the total
Male
Female
Municipality
number of inhabitants
in the municipality (%)
Total
60.809
62.392
123.201
100
Single
17.362
11.602
28.964
23,51
Married
37.675
38.089
75.764
61,50
Divorced
1.672
2.464
4.136
3,36
24
Widowers/widows
3.962
10.097
14.059
11,41
Unknown
138
140
278
0,23
Table 15. Popultion aged 15 and more who live in an extramarital union, by age and
gender, 2011.
Municipality
inhabitants in the municipality
(%)
Total
3.287
100
male
1.639
1,14
Total population
female
1.648
1,14
Total
215
0,15
male
47
0,03
15-19
female
168
0,12
Total
490
0,34
male
200
0,14
20-24
female
290
0,20
Total
513
0,36
male
257
0,18
25-29
female
256
0,18
Total
852
0,59
male
459
0,32
30-39
female
393
0,27
Total
545
0,38
male
294
0,20
40-49
female
251
0,17
Total
404
0,28
male
227
0,16
50-59
female
177
0,12
Total
268
0,19
male
155
0,11
60 and more
female
113
0,08
4.5
Age structure of population
Table 16. Structure of population by age and gender, 2011.

Municipality
Total population
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
144.206
71.632
72.574
6.124
3.127
2.997
7.387
3.770
3.617
7.494
3.926
3.568
8.690
4.539
4.151
9.064
4.659
4.405
9.043
25

inhabitants in the municipality
(%)
100
49,67
50,33
4,25
2,17
2,08
5,12
2,61
2,51
5,20
2,72
2,47
6,03
3,15
2,88
6,29
3,23
3,05
6,27
Male
Female
Total
30-34
Male
Female
Total
35-39
Male
Female
Total
40-44
Male
Female
Total
45-49
Male
Female
Total
50-54
Male
Female
Total
55-59
Male
Female
Total
60-64
Male
Female
Total
65-69
Male
Female
Total
70-74
Male
Female
Total
75-79
Male
Female
Total
80-84
Male
Female
Total
85 and more
Male
Female
Total
Adult population
Male
Female
4.636
4.407
9.169
4.652
4.517
9.993
5.093
4.900
9.500
4.748
4.752
10.171
5.131
5.040
10.104
5.116
4.988
11.559
5.821
5.738
10.513
5.160
5.353
6.861
3.308
3.553
7.572
3.376
4.196
6.377
2.718
3.659
3.312
1.355
1.957
1.273
497
776
118.027
58.130
59.897
26
3,21
3,06
6,36
3,23
3,13
6,93
3,53
3,40
6,59
3,29
3,30
7,05
3,56
3,50
7,01
3,55
3,46
8,02
4,04
3,98
7,29
3,58
3,71
4,76
2,29
2,46
5,25
2,34
2,91
4,42
1,88
2,54
2,30
0,94
1,36
0,88
0,34
0,54
81,85
40,31
41,54
Table 17. Structure of population by basic categories, 2011.

Municipality, 2002
Share in the
Number of
total number of
inhabitants
inhabitants (%)
Preschool age 0-6
10.892
6,97
School age 7-14
14.806
9,48
Working category 15-64
104.241
66,71
Population aged 65 and more
25.441
16,28
Adults aged 18 and more
/
/
Women in the fertile period 1536.790
23,55
49
Total
156.252
100
Table 18. Age indicators of the population, 2011.

Municipality
Average age (years)
41.52
Life expectancy - men (years)
71.12
Life expectancy - women (years)
76.07
27
Municipality, 2011
Share in the total
Number of
number of
inhabitants
inhabitants (%)
9.576
6,64
12.913
8,95
99.163
68,76
43.929
30,46
118.934
82,48
32.960
22,86
144.206
100
Region
44.81
70.89
76.14
Serbia
41.57
71.64
76.83
Age index*
111.71
114.97
114.32
Source RIS * Age index represents the relation of old (aged 60 and more) to the young (0-19)
population
4.6
Gender structure of population
Table 19. Gender structure of population, 2011.

Number of
Structure of
inhabitants in the
population in the
minicipality
municipality (%)
Male
71.632
49,67
Female
72.574
50,33
Total
144.206
100
4.7
Structure of
population in the
region (%)
49,92
50,08
100
Structure of
population in Serbia
(%)
48,69
51,31
100
Ethnic structure of population
Table 20. Structure of population by ethnic or national affiliation, 2011.

Municipality
Region
Serbia
Share in the
Share in the
Share in the
total number
total number
total
Number
Number
of
Number
of inhabitants
population
inhabitants
(%)
(%)
(%)
Serbs
133.623
92,66
199.901
92,53
5.988.150
83,32
Montenegrins
192
0,13
386
0,18
38.527
0,54
Yugoslavs
88
0,06
96
0,04
23.303
0,32
Albanians
20
0,01
548
0,25
5.809
0,08
Bosniaks
5
0,00
6
0,00
145.278
2,02
Bulgarians
91
0,06
107
0,05
18.543
0,26
Bunjevci
0
0,00
0
0,00
16.706
0,23
Vlasi
2
0,00
4
0,00
35.330
0,49
Goranci
4
0,00
27
0,01
7.767
0,11
Hungarians
15
0,01
23
0,01
253.899
3,53
Macedonians
291
0,20
354
0,16
22.755
0,32
Muslims
19
0,01
28
0,01
22.301
0,31
Germans
19
0,01
20
0,01
4.054
0,06
Roma people
7.700
5,34
11.436
5,29
147.604
2,05
Romanians
4
0,00
15
0,01
29.332
0,41
Russians
13
0,01
25
0,01
3.247
0,05
Rusins
2
0,00
3
0,00
14.246
0,20
Slovaks
9
0,01
14
0,01
52.750
0,73
Slovenians
19
0,01
22
0,01
4.033
0,06
Ukrainians
8
0,01
10
0,00
4.903
0,07
Croats
55
0,04
78
0,04
57.900
0,81
Czechs
0
0,00
0
0,00
0
0,00
Others
96
0,07
124
0,06
17.568
0,24
Undecided
965
0,67
1.573
0,73
160.346
2,23
Regional
16
0,01
16
0,01
30.771
0,43
affiliation
Unknown
950
0,66
1.488
0,69
81.740
1,14
Total
144.206
100
216.034
100
7.186.862
100
4.8
Religious structure of population
Table 21. Religious structure of population, 2011.

Municipality
Region
Number
(%)
Number
(%)
28
Serbia
Number
(%)
Islam
189
Judaism
0
Catholic
122
Orthodox
133.893
Protestant
2.493
Other Christian
135
Eastern religions
7
Other religions
9
Agnostics
25
Undeclared
3.264
Atheist
508
Unknown
1.471
4.9
0,13
0,00
0,08
92,85
1,73
0,09
0,00
0,01
0,02
2,26
0,35
1,02
815
0
164
201.969
2.575
143
11
14
30
4.824
575
2.842
0,38
0,00
0,08
93,37
1,19
0,07
0,01
0,01
0,01
2,23
0,27
1,31
222.828
578
356.957
6.079.396
71.284
3.211
1.237
1.776
4.010
220.735
80.053
99.714
3,10
0,01
4,97
84,59
0,99
0,04
0,02
0,02
0,06
3,07
1,11
1,39
Mother tongue structure of population
Table 22. Mother tongue structure of population, 2011.

Municipality
Region
Number
(%)
Number
(%)
Serbian
135.820
94,18
203.703
94,17
Albanian
16
0,01
544
0,25
Bosnian
7
0,00
9
0,00
Bulgarian
56
0,04
64
0,03
Vlach
2
0,00
4
0,00
Hungarian
15
0,01
20
0,01
Macedonian
221
0,15
271
0,13
Roma
6.576
4,56
9.278
4,29
Romanian
3
0,00
18
0,01
Slovak
4
0,00
7
0,00
Croatian
38
0,03
51
0,02
Other
languages
207
0,14
319
0,15
Unknown
1.241
0,86
2.016
0,93
Total
144.206
100
216.304
100
Serbia
Number
6.330.919
10.040
138.871
13.337
43.095
243.146
12.706
100.668
29.075
49.796
19.223
(%)
88,09
0,14
1,93
0,19
0,60
3,38
0,18
1,40
0,40
0,69
0,27
67.795
128.191
7.186.862
0,94
1,78
100
4.10 Population by work-ability

Out of the total population in the city of Leskovac, economically active population accounts for
41.24%, of which 26.53% are working, and 14.71% are unemployed. The percentage of economically
inactive population compared to the total population is much higher than the economically active
population and is 84,730 inhabitants or 58.76%. The largest percentage are retirees with 21.57%,
and after them are children younger than 15, with 14.57%.
4.10.1 Population structure by economic activity
Table 23. Population structure by economic activity and gender, 2011.
Total population
Economically
active population
Economically
active population
performing an
occupation
Unemployed
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Municipality
Share in the total

population in the
municipality (%)
144.206
59.476
35.150
24.326
38.260
23.600
100
41.24
24.37
16.87
26.53
16.37
Share in the total

economically
active population
(%)
/
100
59,10
40,90
64,33
39,68
14.660
21.216
10.17
14.71
24,65
35,67
29
Used to work
Looking for the
first job
Source RIS, Census
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
List 2011
11.550
9.666
11.955
6.951
5.004
9.261
4.599
4.662
8.01
6.70
8.29
4.82
3.47
6.42
3.19
3.23
19,42
16,25
20,10
11,69
8,41
15,57
7,73
7,84
Table 24. Population structure by economic inactivity and gender, 2011.
Total population
Total
Economically
Male
inactive
Female
Total
Children under 15
Male
Female
Total
Pensioners
Male
Female
Total
Persons with
income from
Male
property
Female
Total
Pupils/students
Male
(aged 15+ )
Female
Total
Persons
performing
Male
housework
Female
Total
Others
Male
Female
Municipality
Share in the total

population in the
municipality (%)
144.206
84.730
36.482
48.248
21.005
10.823
10.182
31.108
13.490
17.618
551
443
108
11.205
5.452
5.753
13.522
1.832
11.690
7.339
4.442
2.897
100
58.76
25.30
33.46
14.57
7.51
7.06
21.57
3.35
12.22
0.38
0.31
0.07
7.77
3.78
3.99
9.38
1.27
8.11
5.09
3.08
2.01
Share in the total

economically
inactive population
(%)
/
100
43.06
56.94
24.79
12.77
12.02
36.71
15.92
20.79
0.65
0.52
0.13
13.22
6.43
6.79
15.96
2.16
13.80
8.66
5.24
3.42
4.11 Educational structure of population

Tabela 25. Population structure aged 15 + by the level of education and literacy, 2011.
Municipality (number)
Municipality (%)
Serbia (%)
30
Total population
(>15)
Without school
education
Incomplete primary
education
Primary education
Secondary
education total
Grammar
School
Secondary
vocational
schools lasting
less than 4
years
Secondary
vocational
schools lasting
4 years
Specialization after
secondary
education
Higher education
University
education
Unknown
Source RIS, Census
Total
male
Female
total
male
femal
e
total
male
femal
e
123.201
60.809
62.392
100
100
100
100
100
100
6.095
955
5.140
4,95
1,57
4,17
2,68
0,50
2,18
17.320
6.912
10.408
14,06
11,37
8,45
11,00
3,91
7,08
22.696
11.449
11.247
18,42
18,83
9,13
20,76
9,63
11,1
49,61
54,35
22,79
48,93
26,18
22,7
49,61
54,3
22,8
4.042
1.677
2.365
3,28
2,76
5,06
1,92
3,14
27.201
16.694
10.507
22,08
27,45
8,53
19,26
12,08
7,18
29.308
14.148
15.160
23,79
23,27
12,3
23,78
11,46
12,3
569
529
40
0,46
0,87
0,03
0,84
0,73
0,11
6.621
3.559
3.062
5,37
5,85
2,49
5,65
2,81
2,84
8.616
733
List 2011
4.558
328
4.058
405
6,99
0,59
7,50
0,54
10,59
0,40
5,01
0,18
5,57
0,21
1,92
3,29
0,33
Table 26. Population aged 10 + by gender, and illiterate by age, 2011.

Municipality Municipality
Municipality (number)
(%)
(%)
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Total population
130.695
64.735
65.960
100
100
31
Municipality
(%)
Female
100
(>10)
The illiterate - total
5.398
Aged 10 - 14
50
Aged 15 - 19
78
Aged 20 - 34
312
Aged 35 - 49
301
Aged 50 - 64
449
65 +
4.208
763
23
40
114
88
113
385
4.635
27
38
198
213
336
3.823
4,13
0,04
0,06
0,24
0,23
0,34
3,22
1,18
0,04
0,06
0,18
0,14
0,17
0,59
7,03
0,04
0,06
0,30
0,32
0,51
5,80
Table 27. Population aged 15 + by computer literacy, 2011.

Municipality (broj)
Share in the total number

of inhabitants in the
municipality (%)
123201
60809
62392
31060
16348
14712
17166
9134
8032
74975
35327
39648
100
49,36
50,64
25,21
13,27
11,94
13,93
7,41
6,52
60.86
28.67
32.18
Total
Persons with computer literacy

Persons who partially
understand computer work
Persons with computer
illiteracy
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
4.12 Disability
Table 28. Population structure by disability, age, gender and type of settlement 2011.
Municipality
Total population
Urban population
Children under
15
15-19
20-29
30-49
50-59
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
144,206
65,289
31,616
33,673
10,020
5,133
4,887
3,882
2,047
1,835
8,892
4,501
4,391
18,186
8,859
9,327
10,009
4,744
32
People
with
disability
12,729
4,666
1,925
2,741
50
19
31
27
22
5
101
58
43
430
227
203
867
397
Share of the people with

disability in the total
number of inhabitants %
8.83
3.24
1.33
1.90
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.30
0.16
0.14
0.60
0.28
Female
Total
60-64
Male
Female
Total
65 +
Male
Female
The rest of the population
Male
Female
Total
Children under
Male
15
Female
Total
15-19
Male
Female
Total
20-29
Male
Female
Total
30-49
Male
Female
Total
50-59
Male
Female
Total
60-64
Male
Female
Total
65 +
Male
Female
Source RIS, Census List 2011.
5,265
4,798
2,239
2,559
15,893
7,161
8,732
78,917
40,016
38,901
10,985
5,690
5,295
4,808
2,492
2,316
9,215
4,794
4,421
20,647
10,765
9,882
11,654
6,193
5,461
5,715
2,921
2,794
15,893
7,161
8,732
470
620
296
324
2,571
906
1,665
8,063
3,518
4,545
66
40
26
48
31
17
97
30
37
572
267
305
1,282
637
645
910
446
464
5,088
2,037
3,051
0.33
0.43
0.21
0.22
1.78
0.63
1.15
5.59
2.44
3.15
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.07
0.02
0.03
0.40
0.19
0.21
0.89
0.44
0.45
0.63
0.31
0.32
3.53
1.41
2.12
Table 29.People with disability by the type of problem, age and gender, 2011.
Problems with
walking/cli
eye
Hearin
memory/
mbing the
independence
communication
sight
g
concentration
stairs
Total
5602
3554
7525
2527
1995
1366
2330
1775
2902
1036
794
600
Male
3272
1839
4623
1491
1201
766
Female
Childr
16
27
36
42
Total
43
45
en
23
6
19
14
18
22
Male
under
20
10
26
13
18
20
15
Female
24
16
29
22
23
23
Total
15-19
16
10
23
16
18
18
Male
8
6
6
6
5
5
Female
73
33
78
57
51
67
Total
20-29
40
20
44
28
25
36
Male
33
13
34
29
26
31
Female
344
166
470
215
157
168
Total
30-49
167
75
230
102
76
84
Male
33
177
91
Female
993
423
Total
50-59
486
246
Male
177
Female
507
329
Total
664
189
60-64
Male
295
140
Female
369
2571
Total
3461
1169
65 +
Male
1303
1402
Female
2158
Source: RIS, Census List 2011
240
1152
511
641
908
434
474
4843
1641
3202
113
320
166
154
194
98
96
1692
612
1080
81
196
100
96
143
85
58
1389
472
917
84
143
83
60
108
62
46
815
295
520
4.13 Households and families

4.13.1 Households
Table 30. Structure of households by the number of members, 2011.

Number
34
Share in the total

number of
Total
with 1 member
2
Households in the
municipality
3
4
5
6 and more
Municipality
Average number of
members in a
Region
household
Serbia
4.14
households in the
municipality (%)
100
16,22
23,35
17,87
18,88
11,00
12,68
/
/
/
43.603
7.074
10.182
7.791
8.232
4.796
5.528
3,30
3,24
2,88
Migration of population
4.14.1 Immigrants
Table 31. Number of immigrants by time periods.
144.206
Share in the
total number of
immigrants in
the municipality
(%)
/
92.612
64,22
51594
24.688
3.787
3.590
3.648
4.355
3.105
4.220
4.201
100
47.85
7.34
6.96
7.07
8.44
6.02
8.18
8.14
35,78
17,12
2,63
2,49
2,53
3,02
2,15
2,93
2,91
Number of
immigrants in the
municipality
Total population
Living in the same place from
birth
Total
1980 and earlier
1981-1985
1986-1990
Immigrants
1991-1995
1996-2000
2001-2005
2006 and later
Unknown
Table 32. Structure of immigrants by
Immigrants total
Immigrants from abroad
From Serbia total

From other town in the same
municipality
From other municipality in the
same region
From other region
From abroad total
From Ex-YU republics
From other countries
Unknown
4.14.2
100
the area they came from, 1948-2011.

Municipali
ty
Immigrants from Serbia
Share in the total

number of
inhabitants in the
municipality (%)
51.594
48.405
24.743
Share in the total

number of
immigrants in the
municipality (%)
100
93,82
47,96
10.677
20,69
12.985
3.166
2.390
776
23
25,17
6,14
4,63
1,50
0,04
Daily commuting
Table 33. Daily commuting by the type of commuters, 2011.

35
Daily commuters total
Daily commuters performing

an occupation
Daily commuters in the

schooling process
Total
In other settlement in the
same municipality
In other municipality of the
same region
In other region
In other country
Total
In other settlement in the
same municipality
In other municipality of the
same region
In other region
In other country
Municipali
ty
(number)
Share in the total

number of
commuters (%)
19.567
10.961
100
56.02
8.226
42,04
645
2.074
16
8.606
3,30
10,60
0,08
43,98
6.672
34,10
217
1.704
13
1,11
8,71
0,07
5 Housing resources
Housing fund of Leskovac consists of more than 50,000 apartments with an average area of
69.54m2. The largest number of apartments is owned by private individuals, even 95.21%, of which
the greatest number are three-room and four-room apartments. A dynamic residential construction
was in the 1960s, but after 2000, it was drastically reduced.
5.1
Housing statistics
Table 34. Structure of apartments for permanent housing by the number of rooms, 2011.
Share in the
Average size of apartment (m2)
total number
of apartments
Municipality
in the
Municipality
Region
Serbia
municipality
(%)
Apartments - total
49,915
100
69.54
69.13
72.30
1-room
1,225
2.45
22.72
22.32
25.45
2-room
6,137
12.29
37.21
37.03
38.03
Type of
3-room
15,809
31.67
0.06
56.20
57.78
apartment
4-room
15,030
30.11
72.94
71.86
76.44
5 and more
11,714
23.47
104.56
104.69
118.40
rooms
Table 35. Structure of occupied apartments by the ownership of apartment, 2011.
Share in
the total
number of
Ownershi
Family
Total
apartment
Lease
Rent
p
relation
s in the
municipali
ty (%)
Leskovac
42,549
100.00
39,310
304
806
2,117
Private property
40511
95.21
37,762
68
704
1,977
of 1 person
36
Other
s
12
/
Private property
of 2 or more
1694
people
214
Public (State)
118
Other forms
3.98
1,548
28
117
0.50
0.28
/
/
176
59
38
36
/
23
/
/
Table 36 . Structure of occupied apartments by the number of households and persons,

2011.
Municipality
of apartments in the
municipality (%)
Occupied apartments total
42549
100
1 household
41754
98.13
2 households
736
1.73
3 and more
households
59
0.14
1 person
6737
15.83
Apartments
2
9682
22.75
occupied by
3
7447
17.50
4
7904
18.58
5
4876
11.46
6
3819
8.98
7 and more people
2084
4.90
5.2
Housing construction
Table 37. Housing construction, 2011.

Municipality
Region
Serbia
151
120
31
9,505
197
163
34
13,677
38,519
18,449
20,070
1,184,689
79.21
83.91
64.21
Number of apartments total

Number of finished apartments
Number of unfinished apartments
Average size of finished apartments (m2)
Number of constructed apartments per 1000
inhabitants
Table 38. Value of performed construction works, 2011.

Municipality
Share in the value of all
()*
construction works (%)
28,183,570
100
Value of performed construction works - total
1,514,743
5.37
Apartment construction total
834,360
2.96
Apartment construction in private property
680,383
2.41
Apartment construction in other forms of property
Source: RIS Municipalities and regions 2012 * by average exchange rate of NBS for 2011
Tabela 39. Prices of new apartments, 2011

Municipality
Average size of apartments (m2)
Price of apartment (/m2)
Price of construction land (/m2)
56
686
12
37
Belgrade
67
1,795
537
Serbia
(average)
58
1,327
337
Price of construction (/m2)

Other expenses (/m2)
Source: RIS Municipalities and regions 2012
513
161
1,068
189
811
180
6 Economy
6.1
Economic structure by sectors
Tabela 40. Number of enterprises by sectors and size, 2012.

of enterprises of the same
sector (%)
Number of enterprises
Name of the sector
Small
Medium
Large
SECTOR A Agriculture, forestry

and fishing (Areas: 01,02,03)
22
SECTOR B - Mining
(Oblasti: 05,06,07,08,09)
Share
in the
total
number
of
enterpri
ses (%)
Total
Small
Medium
Large
23
95,65
4,35
0,00
2,82
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
196
20
218
89,91
9,17
0,92
26,68
SECTOR D - Electric energy,

gas and steam supply
(Area: 35)
50,00
50,00
0,00
0,24
SECTOR E Water supply and

waste water management,
controlling of the process of
waste removal and similar
activities
(Areas: 36,37,38,39)
62,50
25,00
12,50
0,98
SECTOR F - Construction
(Areas:41,42,43)
65
69
94,20
5,80
0,00
8,45
SECTOR G Wholesale and

retail and fixing of motor
vehicles
(Area: 45,46,47)
279
287
97,21
2,44
0,35
35,13
SECTOR H - Traffic and

storaging (Area: 49,50,51,52,53)
70
72
97,22
2,78
0,00
8,81
SECTOR I Accommodation and

food services (Area: 55,56)
88,89
11,11
0,00
1,10
15
15
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,84
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,49
SECTOR L Real estate

business (Area: 68)
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,12
SECTOR M - Professional,
scientific, innovation and
technical activities
(Area: 69,70,71,72,73,74,75)
51
51
100,00
0,00
0,00
6,24
SECTOR N - Administrative and

assistance services
(Area: 77,78,79,80,81,82)
26
26
100,00
0,00
0,00
3,18
SECTOR C Processing industry

(Areas:
0,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,
31,32,33)
SECTOR J - Information and

communication (Area:
58,59,60,61,62,63)
SECTOR K Financial and
insurance activities (Area:
64,65,66)
38
SECTOR O State
administration and mandatory
social insurance
(Area: 84) No information
SECTOR P Education (Area:
85)
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
21
21
100,00
0,00
0,00
2,57
SECTOR Q Health and social

care (Area: 86,87,88)
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,12
SECTOR R - Art, entertainment

and recreation (Area:
90,91,92,93)
66,67
33,33
0,00
0,37
SECTOR S Other assistance

activities (Oblast: 94,95,96)
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,86
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
774
39
817
94,74
4,77
0,49
100,00
SECTOR T Activities of
households as employers,
Activities of households which
produce goods and services for
their own needs
(Area: 97,98) No information
SECTOR U Activities of
extraterritorial organizations and
bodies
TOTAL:
Source: ABR
Table 41. Number of employees in enterprises by sector and size of enterprise, 2012.
Number of employees in enterprises
Small
Medium
Large
Total
number
of
employ
ees
35
232
267
1005
1873
Name of the sector
SECTOR A - Agriculture,
forestry and fishing (Area:
01,02,03)
SECTOR B - Rudarstvo (Area:
05,06,07,08,09) No
information
SECTOR C Processing
industry total (Area:
10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,2
0,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30
,31,32,33)
SECTOR D Electric energy,
gas, steam and air-conditioning
supply (Area: 35)
SECTOR E Water supply and
waste water management,
controlling of the process of
waste removal and similar
activities
(Area: 36,37,38,39)
SECTOR F Construction
(Area:41,42,43)
SECTOR G Wholesale and
retail and fixing of motor
vehicles
(Area: 45,46,47)
SECTOR H Traffic and
storaging (Area: 49,50,51,52,53)

of employees of the same
sector (%)
Medium
Large
13,11
86,89
0,00
3,27
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
536
3414
29,44
54,86
15,70
41,75
67
67
0,00
100,00
0,00
0,82
114
388
397
899
12,68
43,16
44,16
10,99
324
212
536
60,45
39,55
0,00
6,55
799
424
293
1516
52,70
27,97
19,33
18,54
426
197
623
68,38
31,62
0,00
7,62
39
Small
Share
in the
total
number
of
employ
ees
(%)
SECTOR I Accommodation
and food services (Area: 55,56)
SECTOR J Information and
communication (Area:
58,59,60,61,62,63)
SECTOR K - Financial and
insurance activities (Area:
64,65,66)
SECTOR L Real estate
business (Area: 68)
SECTOR M - Professional,
scientific, innovation and
technical activities
(Area: 69,70,71,72,73,74,75)
assistance services
(Area: 77,78,79,80,81,82)
SECTOR O - State
administration and mandatory
social insurance
SECTOR P Education (Area:
85)
SECTOR Q Health and social
care (Area: 86,87,88)
SECTOR R - Art, entertainment
and recreation (Area:
90,91,92,93)
SECTOR S Other assistance
activities (Area: 94,95,96)
SECTOR T - Activities of
households as employers,
Activities of households which
produce goods and services for
their own needs
extraterritorial organizations and
bodies
TOTAL:
23
115
138
16,67
83,33
0,00
1,69
95
95
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,16
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,11
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
159
159
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,94
69
69
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,84
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
72
72
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,88
103
103
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,26
66
119
185
35,68
64,32
0,00
2,26
25
25
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,31
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
3324
3627
1226
8177
40,65
44,36
14,99
100,00
Source: ABR
Table 42. Number of enterprises in processing industry (Sector C) by activities and size, 2012.
of enterprises of the same
sector (%)
Number of enterprises
Name of the sector
SECTOR 10 Production of food

products
SECTOR 11 Production of
drinks
tobacco products No
information
textile
clothing
leather and leather objects
Share
in the
total
number
of
enterpri
ses (%)
Small
Medium
Large
Total
Small
Medium
Large
44
52
84,62
13,46
1,92
23,85
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,38
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
20
22
90,91
9,09
0,00
10,09
14
15
93,33
6,67
0,00
6,88
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,46
40
SECTOR 16 Wood processing

and production of wood, cork,
straw and plaiting materials,
except furniture
paper and paper products
SECTOR 18 Printing and
reproduction of audio and video
equipment
SECTOR 19 Production of coke
and refined petroleum No
information
chemicals and chemical products
SECTOR 21 - Production of basic
pharmaceutical products and
preparations
rubber and plastic products
SECTOR 23 - Production of nonmetallic mineral products
SECTOR 24 Production of basic
metals
SECTOR 25 - Production of
metal products, except
machinery and devices
computers, electronic and optical
products
electrical equipment
unmentioned machines and
unmentioned equipment
motor vehicles, trailers and
semi-trailers
other transport means - No
information
furniture
SECTOR 32 Other processing
activities
SECTOR 33 Repair and
installation of machines and
equipment - No information
T O T A L:
28
29
96,55
3,45
0,00
13,30
100,00
0,00
0,00
4,13
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,83
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
12
15
80,00
20,00
0,00
6,88
0,00
0,00
100,0
0
0,46
10
80,00
20,00
0,00
4,59
88,89
11,11
0,00
4,13
50,00
50,00
0,00
0,92
13
15
86,67
13,33
0,00
6,88
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,83
100,00
0,00
0,00
2,75
100,00
0,00
0,00
3,67
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,46
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
100,00
0,00
0,00
4,13
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,38
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
196
20
218
89,91
9,17
0,92
100,00
Source: ABR
41
Table 43. Number of employees in enterprises in processing industry (Sector C) by activity and size,
2012.
Number of employees in enterprises
Share in
the total
number
of
employee
s (%)
Small
Medium
Large
Total
number
of
employ
ees
280
491
125
896
31,25
54,80
13,95
26,24
11
11
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,32
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
55
51
106
51,89
48,11
0,00
3,10
119
197
316
37,66
62,34
0,00
9,26
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
152
72
224
67,86
32,14
0,00
6,56
13
13
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,38
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,26
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
79
290
369
21,41
78,59
0,00
10,81
Name of the sector
food products
drinks
tobacco products No
information
textile
clothing
SECTOR 16 Wood
processing and production of
wood, cork, straw and
plaiting materials, except
furniture
paper and paper products
reproduction of audio and
video equipment
coke and refined petroleum
No information
chemicals and chemical

of employees of the same
sector (%)
42
Small
Medium
Large
products
basic pharmaceutical
products and preparations
rubber and plastic products
non-metallic mineral
products
basic metals
metal products, except
machinery and devices
computers, electronic and
optical products
motor vehicles, trailers and
semi-trailers
other transport means - No
information
furniture
SECTOR 32 Other
processing activities
T O T A L:
411
411
0,00
0,00
100,0
0
12,04
19
263
282
6,74
93,26
0,00
8,26
51
186
237
21,52
78,48
0,00
6,94
149
151
1,32
98,68
0,00
4,42
88
174
262
33,59
66,41
0,00
7,67
14
14
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,41
16
16
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,47
42
42
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,23
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
51
51
100,00
0,00
0,00
1,49
100,00
0,00
0,00
0,12
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
1005
1873
536
3414
29,44
54,86
15,70
100,00
Source: ABR
Table 44. Number of deleted / closed and newly established companies, 2010-2012.
43
2010
Deleted/closed
198
Newly established
71
2011
168
66
82
70
2012
Source: ABR
Table 45. Structure of shops by sectors, 2012.

Number of
shops by sectors
Share in the
total number of
shops (%)
Number of
employees in
shops by
sectors
Share in the
total number
of employees
in shops (%)
SECTOR A - Agriculture, forestry and

fishing (Area: 01,02,03)
0,12
0,00
SECTOR B -Mining (Area: 05, 06, 07,

08, 09) No information
0,00
0,00
187
22,48
672
41,64
0,00
0,00
0,72
0,06
SECTOR F Construction
(Area: 41, 42, 43 )
40
4,81
89
5,51
SECTOR G Wholesale and retail and

fixing of motor vehicles
(Area: 45, 46, 47)
377
45,31
488
30,24
SECTOR H Traffic and storaging

(Area: 49, 50, 51, 52, 53)
17
2,04
10
0,62
58
6,97
127
7,87
0,72
0,37
Name of the sector
SECTOR C Processing industry

total (Area: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
SECTOR D Electrical energy, gas,
steam and air-conditioning supply
(Area: 35)
SECTOR E Water supply and waste
water management, controlling of the
process of waste removal and similar
activities
(Area: 36, 37, 38, 39)
SECTOR I Accommodation and food

services (Area: 55, 56)
SECTOR J - Information and
communication (Area: 58, 59, 60, 61,
44
62, 63)
SECTOR K Financial and insurance
activities (Area: 64, 65, 66)
SECTOR L Real estate business
(Area: 68)
SECTOR M - Professional, scientific,
innovation and technical activities
(Area: 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75)
assistance service
(Area: 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82)
SECTOR O - State administration and
mandatory social insurance
SECTOR P Education (Area: 85)
SECTOR Q Health and social care
(Area: 86, 87, 88)
SECTOR R - Art, entertainment and
recreation (Area: 90, 91, 92, 93)
SECTOR S Other service activities
(Area: 94, 95, 96)
SECTOR T - Activities of households
as employers, Activities of households
which produce goods and services for
their own needs
extraterritorial organisations and
bodies
TOTAL:
27
3,25
32
1,98
0,24
0,06
63
7,57
92
5,70
12
1,44
45
2,79
0,00
0,00
0,12
0,00
0,72
21
1,30
0,24
0,31
27
3,25
25
1,55
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
832
100,00
1614
100,00
Source: ABR
The total number of shops on the territory of the city of Leskovac is 832, while the total
number of employees in these stores is 1614. The most dominant activity consists of wholesale and
retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and objects for personal use with 48.13% share in the total
number of shops. This is followed by the entrepreneurial shops of the processing industry sector with
a share of 22.48%, then by professional, scientific, innovation and technical activities, with a share of
7.57%, and accommodation and food services with 6.97%.
Table 46. Structure of entrepreneurial shops by activities in the processing industry
sector, 2012.
Name of the sector
SECTOR 10 Production of food

products
SECTOR 11 Production of drinks

SECTOR 12 Production of tobacco
products No information
SECTOR 13 Production of textile
clothing
Number of
entrepreneuria
l shops by
sectors
Share in the
total number
of
entrepreneuria
l shops (%)
Number of
employees in
entrepreneuri
al shops by
sectors
Share in the
total number
of employees
in
entrepreneuri
al shops (%)
64
34,22
192
28,57
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
11
5,88
15
2,23
15
8,02
47
6,99
0,00
0,00
45
SECTOR 16 Wood processing

and production of wood, cork,
straw and plaiting materials,
except furniture
SECTOR 17 Production of paper
and paper products
reproduction of audio and video
equipment
SECTOR 19 Production of coke
and refined petroleum No
information
chemicals and chemical products
SECTOR 21 - Production of basic
pharmaceutical products and
preparations
SECTOR 22 Production of rubber
nad plastic products
SECTOR 23 - Production of nonmetallic mineral products
SECTOR 24 Production of basic
metals
SECTOR 25 - Production of metal
products, except machinery and
devices
computers, electronic and optical
products
SECTOR 29 Production of motor
vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
SECTOR 30 Production of other
transport means - No information
furniture
SECTOR 32 Other processing
activities
T O T A L:
22
11,76
217
32,29
2,14
10
1,49
3,21
0,74
0,00
0,00
0,53
0,15
0,00
0,00
4,28
20
2,98
3,74
19
2,83
1,07
16
2,38
17
9,09
40
5,95
2,67
0,74
0,53
0,30
0,53
15
2,23
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
12
6,42
55
8,18
5,88
11
13
0,00
0
1,93
0,00
187
100,00
Source: ABR
46
672
100,00
Table 47. Number of deleted / closed and newly established enterprises, 2010-2012.
Deleted/closed
Newly established
2010
198
71
2011
168
66
82
70
2012
Source: ABR
47
Source: ABR
6.2
Industry
The most dominant industries according to the number of active enterprises and entrepreneurial
shops are: food industry with 116 registered businesses, production of wood products and furniture (a
total of 72 active companies and entrepreneurs), the production of textiles and clothing with 63,
which are further followed by metal industry, production of rubber and plastic and chemical industry.
48
According to the number of workers in Leskovac, the most dominant are the following
industries: food processing, pharmaceutical, wood processing, chemical and textile industry. The
largest number of workers are employed by businesses in the food industry, followed by
pharmaceutical, wood, textile (production of clothing and textile production) and chemical industry.
South Korean company "Yura Corporation", registered in Raca, built a factory for the
production of electronic components for the automotive industry in Leskovac. "Yura Corporation"
plans to invest 13 million euros in Leskovac. This company has so far recruited more than 1000
employees and by the end of the investment period, it is envisaged that this factory will have had a
total of 2,500 people.
Food industry
Within the food industry, in the city of Leskovac has the most common production and
processing of fruit, vegetables and meat. Total number of companies and entrepreneurs of this
production industry is 116, and according to the average values for 2012, there are 1088 employees
in total.
49
Table 48. Companies in the food industry by the number of employees, 2012.
The largest enterprises in food industry
Average number of employees in 2012.
MLEKARA DOO LESKOVAC
86
ENTERPRISE FUNGO-JUG, LESKOVAC
56
JUGPROM DOO LESKOVAC
125
MK DOO LESKOVAC
50
TP MESOKOMBINAT-PROMET DOO LESKOVAC
157
MORAVKA PRO DOO LESKOVAC
73
TOMACO LINE DOO LESKOVAC
47
Total number of employees
594
Mesokombinat-trade Ltd. Leskovac is a modern

slaughterhouse and processing industry registered for
import and export of meat. It is located in the village of
Turekovac, about ten kilometers from Leskovac, where a
slaughterhouse with processing part, accompanying facilities and administrative building with a total
area of over 7,000 m2 are located on about 8 ha of fenced land.
The capacities of the slaughterhouse are 90 heads of cattle, 300 pigs and 1,000 lambs a day,
while the capacities of processing are about 15t per shift, depending on the structure.
Mesokombinat-trade has all kinds of pre-fabricated fresh meat, as well as over 60 types of
cured meat products in its production line. A special place is occupied by Leskovac grill meat, a
product with the longest tradition, designed for preparing barbecue specialties.
In addition to these activities, Mesokombinat-trade deals with import and export of fresh meat (veal,
beef and pork), as well as pre-fabricated meat.
Mesokombinat-trade Ltd. employs 157 workers within 5 working units: slaughterhouse,
processing, retail with 3 outlets, administration and maintenance department.
Jugprom Company Ltd. Leskovac has been purchasing and
processing 9,000 tons of various fruits for several years now, which
allows export of 7,500 tons of frozen finished products to the European
Union, which provides foreign exchange inflow to 7,000,000 euros.
Jugprom Company has 125 permanent employees. The introduction of a quality management
system (ISO 9001:2008) and HACCP system guarantees the success of the enterprise and security on
the markets of the European Union and beyond.
In addition to these, there are 12 small enterprises and 6 production and entrepreneurial shops
that employ 10-50 workers.
Textile industry
Leskovac, due to development of the textile industry and formerly known as "Serbian
Manchester", is now trying to regain its former glory in this industry. Today, Leskovac has a
production line starting from primary production of yarns of different composition to the finished
product (knitwear, socks, meterage, light and heavy clothing). The presence of foreign companies is
the largest in this area.
One of the biggest investments in the textile industry worth over 10 million euros was started
in Leskovac in 2010. Company "Falke" started construction of a new factory of 15 thousand square
meters for the production of socks in the northern industrial zone in Leskovac. In Leskovac, there will
be an annual production of about 10 million pairs of socks, mostly for the European market. The new
factory will employ about 600 people who are currently undergoing training.
Table 49. Companies in the textile industry by the number of workers, 2012.
50
The largest companies in the textile industry

FALKE SERBIA
JEANCI SERBIA LTD LESKOVAC
BIM-TEX LTD LESKOVAC
MATEKS LTD LESKOVAC
Average number of employees in 2012

197
106
48
18
369
German company "Falke" has been

producing socks for more than a
century. The new factory in the
northern industrial zone in Leskovac with the area of 15.000m2 currently employs 200 people. By the
end of next year, as it is envisaged in the investment plan, 600 workers will have been recruited, who
will work on products primarily for the European market.
"Jeanci Istanbul" is a Turkish company, which produces
high-quality jeans. The company has leased two halls and
employed more than 140 workers. By purchasing the
Brownfield, Jeanci is planning to open the third facility.
The company "Auto Stop Interiors" from Athens is at the start of its investment in Leskovac. The
company is engaged in production of seat covers and floor mats for the automotive industry. Their
products are original equipment components in Toyota, Ford and Chrysler cars.
The company is using a production hall of the former Zevelon
area of 12.000m2, in northern industrial area and currently
employs 35 workers. Next year there will be an investment of
one million euros to adapt and equip the existing space,
which will employ 100 workers.
In addition to these, there are 5 small business and 4 production and entrepreneurial shops
that employ 5-15 employees. Most of these small businesses export their products to Albania,
Germany, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro and Slovenia.
Wood industry
In the wood industry, dominant is the production of final products (products made of solid
wood, school, pre-school and office furniture, building carpenter, furniture pieces, upholstered
furniture, veneer, pallets, briquettes).
The total number of companies and entrepreneurial shops in wood industry is 72 and
according to the average monthly values for 2012, there are 547 employees in them. Countries where
entrepreneurs and enterprises in Leskovac achieve the highest export level of timber and wood
furniture are Italy and Germany, followed by Greece, Spain, Sweden, Russia.
Table 50. Companies in the wood industry by the number of employees, 2012.
Average number of
The largest companies in wood industry
employees in 2012
MITA, PRODUCTION ENTREPRENEURIAL SHOP
126
RANELOVIC LTD STROJKOVCE
72
BELI BOR , PRODUCTION ENTREPRENEURIAL SHOP
46
LTD BLAND ZLOCUDOVO-LESKOVAC
34
278
Besides these companies, there are 10 small businesses and 5 production and entrepreneurial
shops which employ 5 - 30 employees.
Metal and electro industry

51
Within the metal and electrical industry there is also the production of iron castings, metal
sheets, panel- sandwich plates, connecting agricultural machines, central heating boilers, furnaceson
solid and liquid fuel, stoves for heating and lighting products.
The most successful production companies in this area are JSC "INTER LEMIND" Leskovac, JSC
Galpres , LEMIND-COMMERCE LTD, IRONMONGER-DJURA
LTD.
"YURA Corporation" began its production in
Leskovac, but it was registered in Raca. It is engaged in the
production of electronic components for automotive
industry, especially cable installations and their components,
and automotive spark plugs, coils and their cables. It signed
a contract with the city on land lease in Leskovac, where the
corporation built its factory. "Yura Corporation" is planning to invest 13 million euros in Leskovac. This
company has employed 1500 fellow citizens so far.
Table 51. Companies in metal and electro industry by the number of employees,
2012.
Average number of employees in
The largest companies in metal and electro industry
2012
JSC INTERLEMIND LESKOVAC
105
IRONMONGER-DJURA LTD LESKOVAC
21
JSC GALPRES LESKOVAC
35
COMPANY LEMIND-COMMERCE LTD LESKOVAC
14
JANKOVIC MLADEN entrepreneur
14
189
Chemical and pharmaceutical industry

Within the chemical industry, the city of Leskovac has a predominant production of
pharmaceutical raw materials, drugs, cosmetics, polypropylene and polyethylene products,
thermoinsulation and hydroinsulation materials. The most successful industries are: DCP "HEMIGAL",
"Nevena color", Nevena JSC in restructuring.
DCP HEMIGAL Company was founded on 22 March, 1995 and its
primary business is the development and production of cosmetics. With the
application of knowledge through new technologies, effective and efficient
quality management process and the protection of the environment, DCP
HEMIGAL, its quality products and competitive advantage tend to the leading
position in the markets of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and are conquering the
market of Croatia, as well as placing the products with distinctive quality and name in the EU market.
Table 52. Companies in chemical and pharmaceutical industry by the number of
employees, 2012
Average number of employees in
The largest companies in chemical industry
2012
NEVENA JSC LESKOVAC IN RESTRUCTURING
113
DELTA LTD LESKOVAC
14
NEVENA COLOR LTD LESKOVAC
80
DCP-HEMIGAL LTD LESKOVAC
97
JUGO HEM LTD LESKOVAC
26
MABO LTD LESKOVAC
14
344
52
Zdravlje Actavis Company is one of the leaders in the

pharmaceutical industry in Serbia. Zdravlje Actavis Company is one of the first
domestic producers of pharmaceutical products that apply the highest
standards of both domestic (GMP Certificate of the Ministry of Health of the
Republic of Serbia) and European (Good Manufacturing Practice, the official EU
GMP certification of the Danish Medicines Agency). Actavis plc (NYSE: ACT) is
an integrated global pharmaceutical company for special products focused on the development,
production and distribution of generic, brand and biosimilar products. The company has global
headquarters in Dublin, Ireland, and the administrative headquarters in Parsippany, New Jersey
(USA).
6.3
Agriculture
Agricultural production means the production process of plant and animal products, breeding
fish, bees, growing mushrooms, snails, production of spices and herbs, etc.. which is carried out on
agricultural land. On agricultural land, i.e. the land which, according to its natural and economic
conditions, can be used for agricultural production including fields, orchards, vineyards, ponds,
pastures, etc
City of Leskovac belongs to the region with an economy based on natural resources and
unused resources, which make it one of the less developed cities. The experience of developing
countries suggests that in addition to investing in industry, we should also invest in agriculture. The
concept of our agricultural development is to create and promote multifunctional agriculture modeled
after good examples from developed European countries and thus create better living conditions in
the countryside. Special attention will be paid to poor and underdeveloped agricultural households
through various means of stimulating aid in the form of various benefits in buying assets and
equipment in agricultural production. In particular, we support the development of local infrastructure
in village and rural areas, which provide better living conditions in the countryside, thereby reducing
migration and ensuring the return of young people to villages.
We will work on strengthening the institutional capacities through cooperation of agricultural
producers and their interconnection, association and the formation of appropriate groups in
accordance with the EU development policy.
Table 15. The structure of agricultural land in the municipality according to the way of
use, 2011.
Share in the total
Municipality (ha)
agricultural land (%)
Land total
102500
/
Agricultural land total
57248
100
total
38105
66,56
wheat
24206
42,28
Arable land and
ind. plants
864
1,51
gardens
vegetables
5741
10,03
Forage crops
4954
8,65
Orchards
3269
5,71
Vinyards
3308
5,78
Meadows
4327
7,56
Pastures
8235
14,38
Ponds, swamps and marshes
0
0,00
53

Table 16. Structure of privately owned agricultural land in the municipality according to
the way of use, 2011.
Share in the total
Municipality (ha)
privately owned
agricultural land (%)
Area total
102500
/
Agricultural area of private households total
52479
100
Total
72,34
72,34
Wheat
46,05
46,05
Arable land and
ind. Plants
1,65
1,65
gardens
Vegetables
10,93
10,93
Forage crops
9,41
9,41
Orchards
2714
5,17
Vinyards
2712
5,17
Meadows
4241
8,08
Pastures
4847
9,24
Ponds, swamps and marshes
0
0,00
Table 17. Production of some crops, industrial plants, vegetables and forage crops, 2011.
The total yield
Average yield
Share in the
Average yield
Average yield
in the
in the
total yield of
in the region
in Serbia
municipality
municipality
Serbia (%)
(kg/ha)
(kg/ha)
(t)
(kg/ha)
Wheat
36 041
1,74
3 392
3 359
4 798
Corn
37 916
0,59
4 016
3 937
6 174
Sugar beet
0
0,00
0
0
50 729
Sunflower
1
0,00
500
1 992
2 479
Beans
1 316
3,33
1 292
1 330
1 183
Potato
17 080
1,92
7 978
6 904
11 375
Clover
2 097
0,44
2 668
3 415
4 020
Lucerne
7 226
0,73
4 163
4 420
5 320
Meadows (hay)
2 828
0,24
839
932
1 841
Pastures (hay)
1 021
0,21
258
374
669
Table 18. Production of fruit and grapes, 2011.
Number of
Total yield
Share of the Average yield Average yield Average yield
trees / fruit
in the
municipality
in the
in the region
in Serbia
vines in the
municipality
in the total
municipality
(kg/tree or
(kg/tree or
54
municipality
(t)
yield of
Serbia (%)
1,76
1,20
7,88
(kg/tree or
kg/fruit vine)
21,50
14,20
1,70
kg/fruit vine)
Apple
217 460
4 684
Plum
492 750
6 984
Grapes
15 447
25 596
Table 57. Sale and purchase of agricultural products, 2011.
Share in the total
Municipality
turnover in the region
(%)
Wheat (t)
Corn (t)
Beans (t)
Potato (t)
Apple (t)
Plum (t)
Grapes (t)
Cattle (t)
Pigs (t)
Eggs (pieces)
Milk (l)
6.4
78
15
0
107
33
1 412
0
1 844
2 185
68
4 339
kg/fruit vine)
22,40
21
1,60
16,60
14,30
1,20
Share in the total

turnover in Serbia (%)
100.00
100.00
0.00
100.94
100.00
67.85
0.00
95.49
100.00
73.12
31.88
0,01
0,00
0,00
0,32
0,06
8,63
0,00
7,22
2,42
0,05
0,64
Forestry
Table 58. Forest land and average timber , 2011.

Share in Serbia
(%)
1,16
1,41
0,00
0,95
11,65
6,33
2,03
0,27
103,13
106,41
Municipality
102 500
27 767
0,00
0,95
11,65
6,33
2,03
0,27
103,13
106,41
Total area of the municipality (ha)

Forest land (ha)
Wood in forests (ha)
Wood out of forest (ha)
Felled timber total (m3)
Felled timber technical timber
(%)
6.5
0
4
38
42
52 057
743
33
83
Macroeconomic indicators
Share of the region in creating the gross domestic product of the Republic of Serbia and
index of level
Table 59. GDP by regions, 2010-2011
NSTJ 2
REPUBLIC
OF SERBIA
Belgrade
Region
Vojvodina
Region
Sumadija
and Western
Serbia
GDP
(mill. RSD)
Share
(%)
Index
GDP per capita

(thous. RSD)
Index of level
(RS=100)
2011
2012
2012/
2011
2012
2011
2012
2011
2012
2011
3386169
3208620
105,5
100,0
100,0
470
442
100,0
100,0
1341394
1271691
105,5
39,6
39,6
806
772
171,40
174,6
927907
859808
107,9
27,4
26,8
483
442
102,60
100,0
642145
610143
105,2
19
19,0
318
301
67,60
68,2
55
Region
Southern
and
Eastern
Serbia
Region
474723
466979
101,7
14
14,6
298
285
63,30
64,4
Source: RIS
In
accordance with the accounting principle of the working position, share of specific regions in the GDP
of the Republic of Serbia is the following: Belgrade Region occupies the leading position with 39.6%,
then Vojvodina Region with 27.4%, followed by Sumadija and Western Serbia Region with 19%, and
Southern and Eastern Serbia Region with 14%.
Share of Southern and Eastern Serbia Region in GDP decreased by 0.6% in 2012. Vojvodina
Region reported an increase by 0.6%, while the Belgrade Region and the Region of Sumadija and
Western Serbia maintained the same percentage of its GDP in Serbia.
Financial performance of the economy

Table 60. Financial performance of business companies
2010
879
8220
34.881.191
1.005.641
512
1.989.214
Number of companies
Number of employees
Business revenue (in thousands of RSD)
Net profit (in thousands of RSD)
Number of companies with net profit
Net loss (in thousands of RSD)
56
2011
812
8152
37.495.934
1.774.739
501
2.025.671
2012
822
7984
41.024.509
1.615.701
474
1.571.466
Number of companies with net loss

287
Total resources (in thousands of RSD)
55.857.960
Capital (in thousands of RSD)
16.782.291
Cumulative loss (in thousands of RSD)
1.141.416
Number of companies with a loss up to the
324
amount of capital
Number of companies with a loss in excess of the
214
amount of capital
Source: ABR
Table 61. Financial performance of entrepreneurs
2010
Number of entrepreneurs
906
Number of employees
1.816
Business revenue (in thousands of RSD)
6.539.545
Net profit (in thousands of RSD)
137.142
Number of entrepreneurs with net profit
754
Net loss (in thousands of RSD)
73.595
Number of entrepreneurs with net loss
127
Total resources (in thousands of RSD)
3.168.406
Capital (in thousands of RSD)
973.510
Cumulative loss (I thousands of RSD)
148.113
Number of entrepreneurs with a loss up to the
103
amount of capital
Number of entrepreneurs with a loss in excess of
131
the amount of capital
Source: ABR
229
53.301.920
16.317.910
15.914.621
265
57.409.073
16.873.855
17.438.473
276
289
185
204
2011
883
1764
6.812.077
134.508
737
34.938
111
3.341.714
1.034.975
125.904
2012
832
1613
7.362.655
134.578
689
58.976
110
3.563.583
1.062.645
135.908
90
99
122
110
Public finance
6.6
Revenues of the municipal budget
Table 62. Structure of the city budget revenue, 2012.

Municipality ()*
Total revenue
25.957.632
Total revenue per capita
/
Current revenue
24.287.496
Income from the sale of non-financial assets
49.626
Income from the debit and sales of financial assets
1.620.510
* exchange rate (113,7183) of NBS on 31 December, 2012.
6.7
Revenue structure in the

municipality (%)
100
/
93,6
0,2
6,2
Expenditures of the municipal budget
Table 63. Structure of the city budget expenditure, 2012.

25.916.085
/
20.814.088
Expenditure structure in
100
/
80,3
3.736.548
14,4
1.365.449
-213.515
2012
5,3
Municipality ()*
Total expenditure
Total expenditure per capita
Current expenditures
Expenditures for the acquisition of nonfinancial assets
Expenditures for repayment of loans and
acquisition of financial assets
The produced deficit
* exchange rate (113,7183) of NBS on 31 December,
57
Institutions
Public-utility companies
Table 64. The list of public-utility companies
No.
Name of the company
Activity
Production and distribution of water, maintenance of
water supply systems, treatment and disposal of sewage
PUC "Vodovod (Water
1.
and stormwater, quality control of drinking and waste
System)
water, connection to the network and network
maintenance
Organization and maintenance of parks, green and
PUC Komunalac (Solid
recreational areas, landscaping and maintenance of
2.
Waste Utility)
cemeteries,
chimney
sweeping
services,
winter
maintenance of streets and sidewalks
Production and distribution of heat energy, maintenance
and reconstruction of facilities, equipment, heating
PUC "Toplana (Heating
3.
network, steam network and gas pipelines, as well as
System)
devices for measuring heat, billing and payment of
heating services
Landscaping, current and investment maintenance of
livestock, green and used-items market, car market and
4.
PUC "Pijaca (Market)
the market for the trade of technical material, charcoal
and firewood in Leskovac and Vuje. Billing and payment
of market services
Organization and maintenance of parks, green and
recreational areas, landscaping and maintenance
5.
PUC "Grdelica
cemeteries,
chimney
sweeping
services,
winter
maintenance of streets and sidewalks. Maintenance of
water supply and sewerage system
Public companies
Table 65. List of public companies
No.
Name of the company
1.
PC Directorate for Urban

Planning and Construction
2.
PC Dom
3.
PC City Bus Station
Activity
Spatial planning, designing of construction and other
facilities, engineering, organization and coordination of
construction and professional supervision
Planning and programming of investment and current
maintenance of residential, residential-business buildings,
maintenance of residential and office space and office
space management, making contracts on apartment use
and lease of office space
The organization of public city and intercity transport of
passengers and luggage, maintenance of bus stops and
all other activities related to bus passenger transport
Public agencies
Table 66. List of public agencies
No.
1.
Name of the agency
Agency for Local Economic

Development
Activity
Agency for Local Economic Development is in charge of
conducting the activities for local economic development.
It was formed as a legal successor to the Development
Fund of the City of Leskovac, the Guarantee Fund of the
City of Leskovac, the Fund for the Promotion of
Agriculture and the Fund for Scholarships and Awards in
the City of Leskovac. Activities of the Agency for Local
Economic Development undertaken on behalf of the City
58
2.
Housing Agency Leskovac
of Leskovac, on the basis of the delegated activities,

represent comprehensive work on the strategic
development documents, maintaining of existing and
attracting and expanding new business activities, creating
databases and managing a unified information system for
the City of Leskovac, contacts and direct support to the
local business community, comprehensive activities for the
promotion of the city and other activities relevant to local
economic development.
Its establishment created the conditions for social
housing, as well as the use of funds for social housing
under the Law on Social Housing, the use of funds of
solidary housing construction, donations in accordance
with the law, funds provided on the basis of public-private
partnerships, resources from the budget allocation of the
founder, as well as the use of other resources.
Financial institutions
Table 67. The list of banks
Name of the
bank
KOMERCIJALNA
BANKA
Contact
telephone
Address
SOCIETE
GENERALE BANKA
Bulevar Oslobodjenja
90
bb
170
BANKA INTESA
Trg Revolucije 7
CREDIT AGRICOLE
(MERIDIJAN)
BANKA
Bulevar osloboenja
bb
+38116 232500
Bulevar Osloboenja
bb
Bulevar osloboenja
53
+38116
113
+38116
030
+38116
031
+38116
080
+38116
060
+38116
725
+38116
040
+38116
655
+38116
034
+38116
777
+38116
954
AIK BANKA
PROKREDIT BANKA
UNIVERZAL BANKA
ALPHA BANKA
Vojvode Miia 2
VOJVOANSKA
BANKA
Bulevar
175
Bulevar
169
Bulevar
154
Bulevar
BB
Bulevar
83-85
EFG (EUROBANKA)
Cara Lazara 2
AANSKA BANKA
HYPO ALPHE
ADRIA BANK
REIFFAISEN
BANKA
UNICREDIT BANKA
POTANSKA
TEDIONICA
FINDOMESTIC
BANKA
osloboenja
osloboenja
osloboenja
osloboenja
Oslobodjenja
Trg Revolucije 33
Trg Revolucije 13
+38116
054
+38116
000
+38116
630
+38116
187
Insurance companies
Table 68. The list of insurance companies
59
215232237212-
877-
E-mail
ekspozitura.C7@kombank.com
aikle@aikbanka.rs
ivica.ilic@socgen.com
sasa.nikolic@bancaintesa.rs
leskovac@creditagricole.rs
info@procreditbank.rs
232242266-
ana.kostic@cacanskabanka.co.rs
266265-
info@raiffeisenbank.rs
233241234-
marko.marinkovic@voban.group.nbg.com
milos.kocic@eurobank.rs
237241-
leskovac@findomestic.rs
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Name of the company

Delta Generali insurance
Uniqua insurance
Takovo insurance
Company Dunav insurance JSC
Kopaonik insurance
Winner stadtische insurance
Grawe insurance
Sava insurance
Delta Generali insurance
Number of local branches in the municipality

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Investment
6.8
Realised investments in the private sector
Table 69. Realised investments in the last 5 years
Brownfield
Value of
investment
()
-
Number of
new working
positions
100
Year of
investmen
t
2009
Greendfield
3.000.000
30
2009
Brownfield
8.000.000
197,
planirano jos
400
2010
2.600.000
2010
3.000.000
2010
1.500.000
15
2010
500.000
2010
300.000
25
2010
350.000
20
2010
150.000
2010
120.000
20
2010
60.000
2010
30.000
10
2010
40.000
2010
15.000
2010
2.500.000
86
2012
No.
Name of the
company
Country of
origin
Type of
investment
1.
Zlatan trag
2.
Sonder Jansen
Serbia
The
Netherland
s
3.
Falke
Germany
4.
Mk Mesara Ltd.
Serbia
5.
SZTR Dairy Biomlek
Serbia
6.
Metla commerce
Ltd
Serbia
7.
Termomont Ltd
Serbia
8.
Nevena color Ltd
Serbia
9.
Fungo jug Ltd
Serbia
10.
DCP Hemigal Ltd
Serbia
11.
Braa oki Ltd
Serbia
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Tranzit commerce
Ltd
STR Dit S Slavisa
Cvetkovic
Mermo lux Ltd
Ninex Ltd
Dairy Leskovac
Bonefarm
Serbia
Serbia
Serbia
Serbia
Expansion of
capacity
Expansion of
the product
range
Expansion of
activity and
introduction of
new
production
services
Expansion of
capacity
Expansion of
production
Expansion of
production
Expansion and
innovation of
production
Expansion of
production
New
technologies
Expansion of
production
Expansion of
production
Expansion of
capacity
Hungary
60
1500,
planirano jo
1000
106,
planirano jo
1000
17.
Yura
Korea
Factory
construction
13.000.000
18.
Jeanci Serbia
Turkey
Brownfield
2.280.215
Facility
construction
650.000
proirenje
se oekuje
u Zelenoj
zoni
18, planirano
jo 200
2011
352.353
50
2012
1.000.000
66
2012
1.188.000
652.000
102
19.
20.
Lemeks Gamakom
Bane komerc Ltd
SerbiaGermany
Serbia
21.
Strela Ltd
Serbia
22.
23.
St.George
Mladost
Serbia
Serbia
24.
Auto stop interiors
Greece
Expansion of
production
Expansion of
production
Brownfield
Brownfield
1.000.000
2011
2011
2012
35, planirano
jo 100
2012
Table 70. Structure of realised investments by type of construction and technical

structure, 2011.
Share in the total
Municipality (in
investments in the
thousands of RSD)
municipality(%)
Total investments
1.585.138
100
New capacities
1.077.277
67,96
Type of
Reconstruction, modernisation
353.871
22.32
construction
expansion and adaptation
Maintenance
153.990
9,72
Construction works
1.080.004
68,13
Domestic equipment
280.628
17,70
Technical
structure
Imported equipment
207.827
13,11
Other
16.679
1,06
6.9
Industrial zones and industrial parks
General Urban Plan of the city of Leskovac 2010-2020 provided a total of nine working zones:
North Zone (1), Nevena (2), Njegoseva (3), Work Zone 58 (4) Zdravlje (5), Bunibrod meadows (6 ),
Zone M1 (7), Lebane road (8) and Green zone (9).
In the General Urban Plan, the following spatial units were separated with the dominant
purpose - economic activity:
Table 71. The list of industrial zones
Working zone/compound area (ha)
Total area (663.67ha)
Existing working zones:

North Zone
Nevena
Njegoseva
Zona 58
Zdravlje
Planned working zones:
South Zone of Bunibrod meadow
Zone along the M1 road
Zone along the Lebane road
64.09
65.36
61.02
82.58
20.40
161.76
90.60
17.92
61
Green Agribusiness Zone
99.94
"North Zone" is regulated by a planning document PGR 15 which defines the following infrastructural
equipment:
Water supply: 1300 meters with new

PVC pipes 250 mm in diameter,
Sewerage: atmospheric sewerage and
drains along the length of 1300 meters
of pipe with the diameter of 250
mm,
Electricity and power of available
electric energy: two substations 10/0.4
kV and construction of 10 kV cable for
electrical supply in the length of 1850
m.
Gas: gas station at the very boundary
of the zone
Telephone lines: yes
Internet access (optical cables, KDS
operators, etc..): yes
Access roads and their distance from the regional / national road infrastructure: yes, removal
of existing cover of granite cubes in the entire length of the transport and logistics field, and
62
paving, construction of bike paths and sidewalks for pedestrians, which will provide easier
access for employees in TFP complex with the predicted zones of free communication, 8 km
from the Belgrade-Skopje highway
North zone is shown with the number 1 in the graph of the General Urban Plan 20102020.
"Nevena working zone" is regulated by PGR 16 with the infrastructural capacities:
Water supply: new water plant with capacity of CS 380L / s.
The pipeline profile L300mm or
S350mm from CS to Nevena.
The pipeline profile LG500mm or
KM400mm from CS to the city.
Sewerage: Collector B 220/195cm
which is continued by collector
PE1200mm going to CPPOV in
Bogojevce.
KCT500mm
collector
which removes wastewater from
settlement Obrad Lucic and the so
called industrial collector with the
profile of PE700mm.
Electricity and power of available
electric energy: TS 400/220/110kV
"Leskovac 2" is the main switchyard
for the power supply of Leskovac and
the environment, through 110kV DV.
Capacity TS 400/220/110kV "Leskovac 2" is 300 +150 MVA.d.
Gas: gas station at the very boundary of the zone
Internet access (optical cables, KDS operators, etc..): yes
Access roads and their distance from the regional / national road infrastructure: the future
bypass around the city coincides with the state route of the first order number 1 in the
eastern part of the plan, and in the northern part it is the route of the planned road, which
will match with the direction of the state road of the second order number 9 after
construction. At the intersection of these two directions, crossroads with the traffic
roundabout is planned. Plan is tackled by the national railway on the west side, the north side
of the city of Leskovac, 8 km from the Belgrade-Skopje highway.
Nevena working zone is shown by the number 2 in the graph of the General Urban
Plan 2010-2020.
"Njegoseva working zone" is defined by PGR7 with the infrastructural capacities:
Water supply: The pipeline with the

profile of KM225mm or S150mm,
with the crossing under the railway,
in Nikole Pasica Boulevard the
southern sidewalk, to the crossroads
with the Industrijska Street II.
The pipeline with the profile of

S200mm , and KM225mm in
Nikole Pasica Boulevard the southern
sidewalk, from Industrijska Street II
to the settlement Bobiste;
The pipeline with the profile of

S200mm in Industrijska street II,
eastern sidewalk;
63
The pipeline with the profile of S200mm, with the crossing under the railway in Moravska
Street, eastern sidewalk;
The pipeline with the profile of KM300mm, with the crossing under the railway, near the
underpass;
The pipeline with the profile of S300mm in Njegoseva Street, northern sidewalk;
Sewerage: Industrial collector with the profile of 600mm in Industrijska Street II and profile
of 700mm in Nikole Pasica Boulevard;
- "Nevena" collector of the profile B 300/450mm in Nikole Pasica Boulevard;
-Collector of the profile PE500mm in Pesacka Street;
-FCS in Moravska Street;
-FCS in Jadranska Street;
-FCS in the underpass, for pumping atmospheric water from the underpass, and
-FCS in Motel "Atina" Street
Electricity and the power of available electric energy: the following substations were built with
connection lines of 10 kV and LV outcome: TS 10/0.4 kV "Tekstikol", TS 10/0.4 kV "Rul", TS
10/0.4 kV "Bim Commerce", TS 10/0.4 kV "Moravska 1, TS 10/0.4 kV "Moravska 2, TS 10/0.4
kV "Textile School, TS 10/0.4 kV "Srbijanka, TS 10/0.4 kV "Bus Station", TS 10/0.4 kV
"Njegoseva", TS 10/0.4 kV "Masinotex", TS 10/0.4 kV "Zvezda mirrors", TS 10/0.4 kV
"Universal", TS 10/0.4 kV "Kooperativa", TS 10/0.4 kV "Motel".
Telephone lines: in a comprehensive plan, there is a constructed public electronic

communications network that is available from land location and allows users the universal
service and broadband services with direct telephone connection.
Access roads and their distance from the regional/national road infrastructure: a single-track
main railway line E70/E85: Belgrade-Mladenovac-Lapovo-Nis-Presevo-state border
(Tabanovci) passes along the western border of the plan.
Njegoseva working zone is shown by the number 3 in the graph of the General
Urban Plan 2010-2020.
Detailed regulation plan for "Block 58"
64
Water supply: in the area of

Block 58, water supply of the
users was achieved through
unplanned, built water supply
network which is connected to
the central city water supply
system. Along the existing
streets, water supply network
was built that does not meet
the requirements with its profile
in terms of capacity. The
existing water supply network is
mainly made of asbestos,
asbestos-cement pipes that do
not meet sanitary standards.
Sewerage: in the area of Block
58, along the existing streets, a
sewerage system of general
type was built. The existing sewerage network is connected to the primary, so-called industrial
collector of the profile 600 mm
Electricity and the power of available electric energy: in the area of Block 58, there are ten
built TS 10/0.4 kV of various types of power, with connecting 10 kV cable lines and LV
outcome. A larger number of existing transformer stations are functioning to provide quality
and reliable electric power of production facilities, which at this time do not use the maximum
level of efficiency, while the transformer stations used to supply electricity to the residential
areas of this block, are in maximum use.
Gas: In the area of Block 58, there is neither a gas supply network, nor a heating system
network.
Access roads and their distance from the regional/national road infrastructure: in addition to
the national road of the first order M1 - Belgrade - Macedonian border, and among the
existing roads in this area, there is a state road of the first order M9 which connects the city
of Leskovac with the highway on Corridor 10
Zone 58 is shown by the number 4 in the graph of the General Urban Plan 2010-2020.
"Zdravlje working zone" is regulated by PGR 10 with infrastructural facilities:
65
Water supply: The pipeline of clean

water
to
the
reservoir called
"Rudarska kosa."
The
pipeline
of
the
profile
PE1000mm goes from reservoir
"Rudarska kosa" to the Solunskih
ratnika Street near Polimermer,
which is the main supply of water
from the water system "Barje" to the
city.
The
pipeline
of
the
profile
DL500mm goes from Solunskih
ratnika Street and Radnicka Street,
from Polimermer to Vlajkova Street.
This pipeline connects the primary
pipeline PE1000mm with the pipeline of the profile LG400mm in Vlajkova Street.
The pipeline of the profile LG400mm, from Radnicka Street
Sewerage: Collector of the profile PE1000mm and KC
T800mm in Zejnila Ajdinija Street that continues to the collector profile B 160/120 cm in
Nikole Skobaljica Street.
The collector profile KC-T600mm which is connected to the collector in Zejnila Ajdinija Street
and passes through the complex of Water Supply and Zdravlje complex and emerges onto
Vlajkova Street and comes to an intersection with Ohridska Street south of the prison. The
collector accepts and takes wastewater from Ohrid settlement and is dimensioned to accept
wastewater from the settlements of Rudare and Donja Jajina.
The collector profile KC-T300mm which goes east from the settlement Slavko Zlatanovic and
accepts and takes wastewater from this settlement to the collector in Solunskih ratnika Street.
Collector B 60/90 cm in Borisa Kidrica Street
Electricity and the power of available electric energy: electric power network with overhead
and underground power lines and transformer stations of different voltage levels, with the aim
of stable and quality power supply to this area, was built here according to the plan
Gas: does not exist
Telephone lines: in the area of the overall plan, there is a built telecommunications
infrastructure consisting of TK sewerage, underground and aerial copper cables with access
network, local and main optical cables, base radio stations and other telecommunications
equipment.

Access roads and their distance from the regional / national road infrastructure: according to
the plan, it is characteristic for the street and road network that it is under-built, functionally
unadjusted and the primary traffic routes are connected at the edge of the zone.
Zdravlje working zone is shown by the number 5 in the graph of the General Urban
Plan 2010-2020.
"Green Zone" is defined as the realised zone after the adoption of PGR 16.
66
Water supply: water supply with

the length of 3270m - R110 ring,
Sewerage: sewerage network
with the length of 1200 - 250 400,
Electricity and the power of
available
electric
energy:
equipping of transformer station
is in progress, also connection to
the electricity network and the
construction of the roundabout
connecting the industrial zone
with the first-order road, priority
number 1
Gas: gas station is at the
boundary of the zone
Telephone lines: no
Internet access (optical cables,
KDS operators, etc..): no
Access roads and their distance from the regional / national road infrastructure: the main
roads with lighting in the length of 1240m in the zone. The Green Zone is on the first-order
road, priority number 1, on the north side of the city of Leskovac, 8 km from the BelgradeSkopje highway.
Green Zone covers the area of 98 hectares, owned by the city of Leskovac. Highway M1
passes through this Zone and divides it into two parts. The western part of the Zone is the area of 42
ha, fully equipped with infrastructure and is part of the Zone provided for the development of food
industry.
I phase primary infrastructure:

1. Republic Directorate for the Property of the
Republic of Serbia - 98ha of land
2. Ministry of Environmental Protection and
Spatial Planning - 500,000
3. The City of Leskovac - 5,000
4. PC "Electrodistribution Leskovac - 87.500
II phase secondary infrastructure

(equipping of the Zone):
1. EU PROGRESS contribution: 350,000
2. The City of Leskovac: 145.000
Roundabout (in progress):
1. PC "Roads of Serbia" - the detailed design
and construction of the roundabout 460,000
2. The City of Leskovac - 300.000
Built-in infrastructure in the Green Zone is connected to external infrastructure.
The project of parceling and pre-parceling of the land is completed.
The Green Zone is shown by the number 10 in the graph of the General Urban Plan 20102020.
Table 72. The list of the most important companies set in industrial zones/parks, 2013
No.
Name of the working
Companies
67
zone
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
"North Zone
"Nevena
"Njegoseva
"Zone 58
"Zdravlje
Umi-Pek, Dairy (86 employees), Prima Nova (62 employees),

Jugprom (125 employees), Tomako(47 employees) Moravka
PRO(15 employees) cold storage Ulpin-Leneks; ceasing textile
industries: Leteks, Leskoteks (2 employees) Sintetika and Zele
Veljkovic (under liquidation) and Zevelon in bankruptcy; then
DCP Hemigal (97 employees) AIK Leskovac, Cvecar
New investments in this area are: Falke (79 employees)
(reactivation of brownfield location-Inkol) and Bonta Italiano (8
employees) (greenfield location). The Zone is communally
equipped, and is partly in function. It is characterized by the
great number of brownfield locations;
"Nevena" and "Nevena-Color" (80 employees); storages and
warehouses: "Nevprom" (14 employees), "Morava Commerce"
(etc.); showroom for the sale of motor vehicles "Auto Motors",
production of carpentry "Bor stil", compound of the gas station
"Eko" etc. The largest brownfield location in this area which
stands out is the compound of the transport company
"Jugekspres". The Zone is communally equipped.
Compounds of trading activities, storages and warehouses:
"Idea", "Tehnomarket" (2 employees), "Nelvas" (11
employees), "4M" (9 employees) and "Gali" furniture
showroom; compounds of wood-processing industry and
furniture production: "Utenzilija", "Leskodrvo", "Univerzal"(103
employees) electroindustry "Rul", "Jugohem"(30 employees)
"Srbolek" (bought by Jeanci which is planning the start of the
works by the end of the year) "Dugmekomerc" (1 employee)
"Bimtex"(47 employees), "Martes", catering facilities: "Park"
and "Vidikovac" (2 employees), motel "Atina" which is not in
function; service facilities: auto service "Ognjanovic" (5
employees) and gas station "NIS Petrol"; The largest brownfield
locations are: "Drvni kombinat" and storage "Jugopetrol";
revitalised or in the process of revitalisation are: "Graditelj",
"Masinotex", "Buducnost". The Zone is communally equipped to
a large extent.
Interlemind, Lemind-Proleter, "PWW", Livnica, Galpres, Mladost,
Jona etc. The largest brownfield locations are: Resort, Montaza,
Pobeda, Pobeda Morava and Concrete Factory. Compounds of
small economy and services are formed: along Njegoseva
Street exhibition and selling showrooms Expert and Gali,
bread production Zlatni pek, two gas stations etc.; but also
within Block 58 Grafika, Mala vaga, The Djokic Brothers etc.
Compound of pharmaceutical industry "Zdravlje Actavis",
located in the southern part of the city, is almost entirely
planned, implemented and exists at this location from the
period 1961-1965;
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6.10 Brownfield investment locations

Table 73. Excerpt from the base of brownfield locations
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name of
location
Jugekspres
Zele
Veljkovic
Sintetika
LTD Leteks
JSC
Graditelj
Ownershi
p
Area (m2)
State
property
81.367m2
Total size of the facility
6422.00 m2 and:
Hall for the daily care 2.589,00 m2
Renovation hall - 2.197,00 m2
Washing room with the
heating plant - 884,00 m2
Administrative building and
box office - 459,00 m2
Transformer station - 41,00
m2
Dispatcher building - 121,00
m2
Gas station - 12,00 m2
Box office and canteen 221,00 m2
State
property
Size of the plot: 47.738 m2

Size of the facilities 12,145.00
m2 and:
Administrative building
427.00m2
Production hall - 5,141.00 m2
Canteen - 999.00 m2
Storages of colours and
chemicals - 284.00 m2
Infirmary - 420.00 m2
Buildings - 216.00 m2
Transformer station and
compressor substation 278.00m2
Old canteen and storage 975.00 m2
Machine workshop and
infirmary - 438.00 m2
State
property
State
property
Joint-stock
company
Size of the plot: 21.186 m2

Size of facilities: 8.624 m2
Production hall : 774 m2
Production hall: 2.055 m2
Storage: 2.160 m2
Within the former company
"Leteks" part of the buildings
and land was sold to foreign
investors. Two areas are at
disposal: Weaving hall - 9,377
m2 and Spinning mill - 5,918
m2
Size of the plot: 39,716,00m2
Size of the facility:4,376,00m2
Cast girders hall: 2097m2
Housing factory: 1939m2
Administrative building: 314m2
69
Purpose of
land
Other information
Construction
land
Fully equipped
communal land;
Buildings made of
reinforced concrete;
Buildings in the
complex have
different dimensions.
Storey of the building:
floor, ground floor
and one floor prevail.
Height of the roof is
5-9 m.
Construction
land
Through the project

of "Establishment of
Technology and Food
Park" funded by the
Delegation of the
European Commission
through the "Regional
Socio-Economic
Development"
program, in this area,
complete replacement
of water and
sewerage
infrastructure, street
lighting, widening and
paving of roads and
construction of new
sidewalks and bike
tracks was made.
Construction
land
The compound is
communally equipped
and connected to the
city infrastructure
network.
Construction
land
Construction
land
On the same plot,

there are still some
buildings that are in
poor condition and
cannot be used
without adequate
reconstruction.
Buildings made of
reinforced concrete, in
need of renovation.
Roof height is mainly
about 6m. Buildings in
the complex were
built in different
periods.
6.11 Incentives offered by the local community

6.11.1
Taxes and tax relief
6.11.1.1
LAW ON VALUE ADDED TAX
("Off. Gazette of the RS", no. 84/2004, 86/2004 - corr., 61/2005, 61/2007 and 93/2012) Law
on Value Added Tax introduced VAT as a general consumption tax that is calculated and paid on the
supply of goods and services at all stages of production and turnover of goods and services, as well as
on import of goods.
The general rate of VAT on turnover of goods and services or import of goods is 20% and
special rate is 8%.
The law regulates and tax exemptions for turnover of goods and services, tax exemptions on
the import of goods, the requirements for the deduction of the previous tax, return and refraction of
taxes, as well as special taxation procedures for certain categories of companies.
- Small payers (whose total turnover of goods and services in the previous 12 months is not
greater than 8,000,000 dinars) are not obliged to calculate VAT for the turnover of goods and
services.
- VAT taxpayer whose total turnover in the preceding 12 months is not greater than 50 million
dinars may submit a request to the competent tax authority for approval of payment of the
tax liability on recovered claims for the turnover of goods and services under the terms
established by the law.
- The right to a VAT refund can be achieved with predominant turnover of goods abroad, i.e. if
the export of tax payers goods is in excess of 70% compared to the total value of goods and
services turnover, i.e. at least 10 million euros.
6.11.1.2
LAW ON THE INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX
("Off. Gazette of the RS", no. 24/2001, 80/2002, 80/2002 - other. Law 135/2004, 62/2006,
65/2006 - corr., 31/2009 44/2009 18 / 2010, 50/2011, 91/2011 - decision, 7/2012 - aligned din.
amount, 93/2012, 114/2012 - decision, 8/2013 - aligned din. amount, 47/2013 and 48 / 2013 - corr.)
Individual income tax is paid by individuals who have income. Individual income tax shall be
subject to the following types of income: wages and the rate of 10%.
The base of payroll tax for employees are earnings reduced by the amount of 11,000 dinars a
month. An employer who hires an intern, a person who at the date of conclusion of the contract of
employment is under the age of 30, is exempt from the obligation of paying the calculated and
withheld tax from the salary of a newly employed person for a period of three years from the date of
employment of such person, under the conditions established by the law.
An employer who hires a person younger than 30 for an indefinite period of time is exempt
from the obligation of paying the calculated and withheld tax from the salary of a newly employed
person, for a period of two years from the date of employment, under the terms established by the
law.
An employer who employs a person older than 45 is exempt from the obligation of paying the
calculated and withheld tax from the salaries of the newly employed person, under the conditions
established by the law. The right of tax exemption in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article is
achieved by the employer for a period of two years from the date of employment of the new
employee.
An employer who employs a person with disability for an indefinite period of time in
accordance with the law governing the prevention of discrimination against persons with disabilities,
for whom the appropriate legal and medically valid documentation proves disability, is exempt from
the obligation of paying the calculated and withheld tax from the salaries of such person for a period
of three years from the date of employment of that person.
- self-employment income - rate 10%;
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Income from self-employment is considered to be an income from a business activity, including

agriculture and forestry, providing professional and other intellectual services, as well as income from
other activities, if that income is not under tax payment on a different basis according to this Law.
- income from copyright, rights related to copyright and industrial property rights the rate of
20%;
- income from capital - the rate of 15%;
- income from immovable property the rate of 20%;
- capital profit - the rate of 15%.
Entrepreneur who is not able to conduct bookkeeping except business records on turnover, or
who has difficulties in performing business activities due to bookkeeping, has the right to apply to pay
the tax on income from self-employment on a lump sum basis. Closer definition of entrepreneurs who
are entitled to lump taxation is established by the law.
6.11.1.3
LAW ON CONTRIBUTIONS FOR COMPULSORY SOCIAL INSURANCE
("Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia" no. 84/2004, 61/2005, 62/2006, 5/2009, 52/2011,
101/2011, 7/2012 - aligned din. amount 8/2013 - aligned din. amount, 47/2013).
Contributions provide funds for financing the mandatory social insurance, pension and
disability insurance, health insurance and unemployment insurance.
The rates at which contributions are calculate and paid are:
- mandatory pension and disability insurance - 24%;
- mandatory health insurance - 12.3%;
- unemployment insurance - 1.5%.
When contributions are paid by both the base and on the base, the calculation of
contributions shall be made at the following rates:
- for mandatory pension and disability insurance - 13% for persons referred to in Article 7,
Paragraph 1, Acts 1 to 5;
- 11% for the employer or other payer of income to persons referred to in Article 7, Paragraph
1, Acts 1 to 5 of this law;
- mandatory health insurance - 6.15%;
- unemployment insurance - 0.75%.
According to Article 45, 45a, 45b, employer can achieve a certain reduction of contribution
payment.
These incentives can be realized for people older than 50, under certain conditions that are
required by law. An employer can be free of payment of contributions for mandatory social insurance
paid on base or at the expense of the employer.
For a person older than 45, under certain conditions which are established by law, the
employer may be free of payment of contributions for mandatory social insurance paid on base or at
the expense of the employer in the amount of 80%.
Employer can exercise the entitlement to these incentives for a period of two years from the
date of employment of the employee and has the obligation to pay the employee for the next three
years after the incentive. The legislator provides the cases in which this obligation can be terminated.
For a person who is considered a trainee and younger than 30, employer may be exempt from
the payment of contributions for mandatory social insurance paid on the basis or at the expense of
employer for a period of three years from the date of employment of that person, under the
conditions stipulated by law.
If an employer hires a person under the age of 30 for an indefinite period of time, he/she may
be exempt from the obligation to pay contributions for mandatory social insurance paid on the basis
or at the expense of employer for a period of two years from the date of employment of that person,
under the conditions stipulated by law.
An employer who permanently employs a person with disability, is exempt from the obligation
to pay contributions for mandatory social insurance paid on the basis or at the expense of employer
for a period of three years from the date of employment of that person.
An employer can only use one of the following incentives for a newly employed person.
6.11.1.4
LAW ON CORPORATE PROFIT TAX

71
The tax rate on corporate profit is 15%.

Legal entities - businesses for training, professional rehabilitation and employment of disabled
persons are exempt of paying the corporate income tax in proportion to the share of such persons in
the total number of employees.
Taxpayers who invests in their assets, or if other persons invest more than one billion in their
assets and employ at least 100 persons for an indefinite time in the investment period, shall be
exempt of the corporate profit tax for a period of ten years in accordance with the investment.
Investment in fixed assets by another person of this Article shall also apply to investments in
fixed capital and increase of base capital in accordance with the law.
6.11.2 Incentives at the national level

6.11.2.1
Serbia Investment and Export Promotion Agency - SIEPA
The encouragement of FDI
http://www.siepa.gov.rs
Serbia Investment and Export Promotion Agency - SIEPA, implements a program of incentives
of direct investment according to the Regulation on the terms and conditions for attracting
foreign direct investment ("Off. Gazette of the RS", no. 20/2012, 123/2012 and 14/2013).
This regulation stipulates all the requirements that the investor must meet, disbursement
schedule, rules, scoring, etc..
Article 8 specifies the requirements for the award of funds, in accordance with other criteria
stipulated by this regulation:
1) Investments in the production sector, which create at least 50 new working positions in
accordance with this regulation, which have a minimum value of one million euros (for
investments in local governments, which are classified into first, second and third group in
accordance with the Regulation) establish a unique list of regional development and local
government units. The City of Leskovac belongs to the third group of development.
2) Investments in the services sector, which may be the subject of international trade with a
minimum value of 500,000 euros and that create at least 10 new working positions in
accordance with Article 4 Paragraph 2 of this regulation;
3) Investments in strategic projects in the field of tourism which have the minimum value of five
million euros and create at least 50 new working positions, according to Article 4 Paragraph 2
of this regulation;
4) Large investment projects, provided that at least 20% of the value of the investment project
is implemented no later than the expiration of one year from the date of signing the
agreement referred to in Article 29 of this regulation;
5) Medium investment projects, provided that at least 10% of the value of the investment
project is implemented no later than the expiration of one year from the date of signing the
agreement referred to in Article 29 of this regulation.
Article 9 defines the conditions under which the funds can be allocated:
1) the assets acquired in direct investment are used only by the beneficiary,
2) the number of jobs at the beneficiary is not reduced over a period of three years after
reaching full employment envisaged by the investment project,
3) in case the investment is realized in the leased premises, the lease must be continued for at
least three years after the scheduled date of completion of the investment project for small
and medium enterprises and five years for large companies.
The value of investments includes investments in capital assets. This regulation more closely
explains what would be considered as investment in capital assets.
Funds can be allocated in a procedure that is carried out in accordance with the public
announcement and this regulation. Public announcement is prepared and published by Serbian
Investment and Export Promotion Agency (SIEPA). Application for participation in the process of
allocating funds is submitted to the Agency within the time specified in the public notice.
Annexes of the application are:
1) investment project / business plan for that the funds are required for,
2) original or certified copy of registered financial statements for the previous three years, with
the finding of a certified auditor (if there is a legal requirement to obtain the findings of a
72
certified auditor), a foreign legal entity shall submit an original or certified copy of a certified
translation into Serbian,
3) the projected balance and income sheet statements and cash flow statement of the users for
the next three years from the date of submitting the application,
4) the original or a certified copy of extracts from the Register of Companies, which is submitted
by an investor based in the Republic of Serbia, or a certificate from the relevant register of the
country in which the foreign investor is based, which is not older than three months, certified
by the competent authorities, as well as a certified translation in the Serbian language,
5) a written statement that the realization of the same investment project is not awarded, and if
yes, on what basis are the funds allocated from the budget of the Republic of Serbia,
6) proof of payment of tax liabilities and contributions to the Republic of Serbia for the previous
year from the date of submitting the application.
Article 27 defines the method of payment of funds:
1) greenfield investments will be paid in four equal installments of 25% of the total amount of
funds allocated for the fulfillment of each of the following conditions:
(1) upon the conclusion of the sales contract for the land, and by submitting statements
from the Cadastre and Property Registration,
(2) upon obtaining a construction permit, or authorization for the reconstruction, which
can not be older than three years from the date of the request for payment,
(3) upon obtaining the occupancy permit for the building, which is envisaged by the
investment project,
(4) upon achievement of full employment envisaged by the investment project;
2) brownfield investments, which do not include the renovation of existing facilities, shall be paid
in two installments upon fulfillment of the following conditions:
(1) upon the conclusion of the sales contract for the facility, or by submitting a list of
ownership or occupancy permit for the building, or lease agreement for the object of
not less than three years old for small and medium enterprises and five years for large
companies from the date of completion of the investment project and use permit for
the facility, 30% of the total amount of funds allocated,
(2) upon achievement of full employment, 70% of the total amount of funds allocated;
3) for brownfield investments, which include reconstruction / renovation of existing facilities
funds are disbursed in three or four equal installments of 25%, or 33.3% of the total amount
of funds allocated, depending on whether it comes to reconstruction or renovation of facilities.
4) for projects in the service sector, which may be the subject of international trade that predict
the lease of the premises, allocated funds are disbursed in two equal tranches upon the
fulfillment of each of the following conditions:
1) at the conclusion of the contract on the lease of premises for a period of not less than
three years long from the date of completion of the investment project, 30% of the
total amount of funds allocated,
2) upon achievement of full employment envisaged by the investment project, 70% of
the total amount of funds allocated.
Article 29 defines the method of contracting. The Ministry may terminate the contract at any
stage of execution if it determines that the user does not meet the requirements specified in the
contract related to investment dynamics.
In case of not fulfilling the contract requirements, the Ministry is entitled to collected funds in
the amount of funds disbursed by the applicable statutory default interest on the basis of bank
guarantee and blank promissory notes.
Means of security are defined in Article 30 of this regulation. The investor submits a bank
guarantee issued by a bank operating in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and payable on the first
call in favor of the Republic of Serbia. Legal interest is calculated for the period from the date of
payment of the last tranche to the date of acquisition of conditions for termination of the contract
under Article 29 of this regulation.
Further provisions of the contractual relationship are defined in this regulation. Other incentives are
implemented by the Serbian Investment and Export Promotion Agency.
The grant funds to small and medium enterprises for funding activities to promote
their products and services in foreign markets and increase competitiveness.
73
These activities include the design of new products and / or packaging, testing, certification
and recertification of products and quality management system, independent participation in trade
fairs abroad, the design of promotional materials - brochures, websites and business meetings abroad.
There is a possibility of co-financing the opening of representative offices abroadspecifically
partial cover of cost of renting office space and certain operating expenses. Right to receive funds is
for companies engaged in the production of finished or semi-finished products or providing services in
the areas of energy, construction, information technology, recycling and industrial and textile design.
In addition, companies need to document that they have positively operated in the past and
settled their obligations to the state. The right to assistance through this program is given in the most
recent cycle to association with 5 or more members, and the financing of individual activities is
performed in the maximum amounts established by the Regulation on the terms and conditions for
attracting foreign direct investment.
Support to export-oriented companies
In addition to FDI, which are very important for the economic development of each country,
particularly for developing countries, it is important to give priority to the development and support of
local companies among which we should primarily put emphasis on small and medium enterprises and
increase of their export.
In this sense SIEPA provides significant support to domestic small and medium enterprises in
the following services:
Analysis and providing information on foreign markets
The ability to connect with potential partners abroad
Organizing participation of Serbian companies at trade fairs abroad
Organization of business meetings between local and foreign companies at home and abroad
Organization of individual visits of foreign buyers to local companies
Organization of study tours abroad and visiting fairs
Organization of seminars and trainings for local companies
Organization of "Meet the Buyers" meetings
Sector analysis
6.11.2.2 Development Fund of the Republic of Serbia
http:www.fondzarazvoj.gov.rs/
New requests for loans of the Development Fund of the RS, which will be approved during
2013, are received from 1 March 2013.
A request for an extension of loan may be submitted by a legal representative or attorney
who is employed in the company.
Calls are open until the expenditure of funds.
Types of loans approved by the Development Fund of the Republic of Serbia:
Short-term loans
Short-term loans for encouraging competitiveness and liquidity of the domestic economy will
be granted to business entities with a repayment period from three to twelve months, with an interest
rate of 3% per annum, with the application of the currency clause, according to the average exchange
rate of NBS on the payment date. The amount of recovered loans can not be less than the nominal
amount of the allocated loan.
Loans for entrepreneurs
Loans / guarantees for financing entrepreneurs will be approved based on the requirements
which must have especially prominent economic and market aspects of the program and financial
indicators of the business plan. The maximum amount of loans / guarantees for entrepreneurs is
5,000,000.00 dinars and the minimum is 500,000.00 dinars.
For granting loans, interest rate is 2% per annum if there is means of security / promissory
note of the banks, and in other cases, 3% per annum, with the application of the currency clause.
For issued guarantees to entrepreneurs fund will charge a fee of 1.5% per annum of the
amount of the guarantee. If the guarantee is issued as security with currency clause, calculation of
fees will be done by a currency clause. The amount of the guarantee will be reduced in proportion to
the amount of repaid obligations by the orderer. All means of security which are provided for longterm loans will be applied for entrepreneurs.
Start-up loans, loans for old and artistic crafts and women entrepreneurship
74
Start-up loans, loans for incentives of old and artistic crafts and women entrepreneurship, will
be funded from the collection of previously approved loans, up to the total amount of 694,500,000.00
dinars:
- for start-up loans up to the amount of 623,500,000.00 dinars;
- for loans of old and artistic crafts up to the amount of 21,000,000.00 dinars;
- for women entrepreneurship up to the amount of 50,000,000.00 dinars.
The right to use the funds for start-up loans will be for entrepreneurs and legal entities in the
Republic of Serbia who are registered in the Business Registers Agency starting from 1 January 2012.
- The amount of loan for entrepreneurs will be approved in the amount of RSD 500,000.00 to
RSD 1,500,000.00; repayment period of five years within which there is a grace period of twelve
months. Repayment of the loan shall be made in quarterly installments. The collaterals are a
guarantee of the bank, contract bond or joining the loan by a legal person, physical entity or
entrepreneur; there is a first rank mortgage on real estate or land in private ownership. Mortgage on
farm and forest land can be provided only part of the loan up to a maximum of RSD 500,000.00, while
the share of loans exceeding that amount must be provided by other instruments, including
mortgages on buildings and urban construction land whose market value ensures repayment of the
loan plus the accrued interest and promissory notes of the loan. If the instrument of securing
guarantees is the bank, interest rate is 2% per annum, while in all other cases it is 3.5% per annum.
The interest rate is calculated by application of the currency clause.
- Corporate loans will be approved in the amount of RSD 500,000.00 to 4,000,000.00 dinars,
with a repayment period of five years within which there is a grace period of 12 months. Repayment
of the loan shall be made in quarterly installments. The collaterals are guarantee of the bank; there is
a first rank mortgage on real estate or land in private ownership. Mortgage on farm and forest land
can provide only part of the loan up to a maximum of RSD 500,000.00, while the share of loans
exceeding that amount must be provided by other instruments, including mortgages on buildings and
urban construction land whose market value ensures repayment of the loan plus the accrued interest ,
contract or guarantee of access to the debt of the legal entity. If the instrument of securing
guarantees is the bank, interest rate is 2% per annum, while in all other cases it is 3.5% per annum.
The interest rate is calculated by application of the currency clause. The user is obliged to deliver
promissory notes with any of these collaterals.
Loans for old and artistic crafts
Loans are granted in the amount of 500,000.00 to 2,000,000.00 dinars, with an interest rate
of 2% per annum, with the application of the currency clause.
Loans for women entrepreneurship
For the encouragement and development of female entrepreneurship (where the founders are
women who manage their business), approved loans are in the amount of 500,000.00 to 5,000,000.00
dinars. Loans are granted at an interest rate of 1.5% per annum if the collateral warranty is by the
bank, while in other cases it is with an interest rate of 2.5% per annum, with the application of the
currency clause; repayment period is up to five years in which there is a grace period of twelve
months.
6.11.2.3 Serbian Export Credit and Insurance Agency - AOFI
http://www.aofi.rs/
Finally we list some of the activities of the Serbian Export Credit and Insurance Agency
(hereinafter: the Agency) that directly relate to the provision of favorable financing. In the offer of the
services of the Agency, there is direct financing, co-financing with banks of exporters and refinancing
of loans through the bank of exporters.
Large exporters can have short-term financing with the amount of 30,000 to 1,500,000 euros
in dinar currency with a repayment period of up to six months and an interest rate of 3-5%.
For medium-sized exporters (exports in the previous year in excess of 300,000 euros), loans
were provided in the amount of 30,000 to 200,000 euros with a repayment period of 12 months at an
interest rate of EURIBOR EURIBOR +1% to +3%.
Co-funding in cooperation with banks in also possible where the Agency represents part of the
funds to the exporter, and the second part of the requested loan is financed by the bank under terms
agreed with the Agency (the interest rate and all expenses up to a maximum of 10% per annum). In
the case of refinancing, Agency grants funds to the banks at the applicable rate of interest for specific
exporters, so that the bank can take interest rate from such funds and charge it on loans to exporters
in an amount up to a maximum of 10% per annum. Banks can then, through the related
75
arrangements on this basis (with co-financing refinancing), present exporters a part of funds from
their own resources where the interest rate and all expenses are limited to a maximum level of 10%
annually.
6.11.3
Incentives of the City of Leskovac
6.11.3.1 Benefits for the lease of construction land in public ownership

Article 59 of the Regulation on Construction Land of the City of Leskovac, ("Off. Gazette of the
City of Leskovac", no. 18/2009, 4/2010, 23/2010, 2/2011, 23/2011, 27/2011 and 1/2012) provides
that the land may be leased or disposed of for the construction by public auction or by collecting
offers through public notice in accordance with the law.
However, Article 62 defines the ability that construction land in public ownership may be
taken away or leased through direct negotiation in cases provided in Article 96 Paragraph 9 of the Law
on Planning and Construction.
Article 70 defines the possibility that a local government unit may take away or lease the
construction land at a price that is lower than the market price or lease the construction land without
compensation, with the prior approval of the Government.
This right of local government is defined by the Regulation of the Government of the Republic
of Serbia on the conditions and manner under which a local government may dispose of or lease
construction land at a lower price than the market value, i.e. without charge (published in "Off.
Gazette of the RS", no. 13 on 12 March 2010, 54/11, 21/12, 121/12).
Article 2 This Regulation defines the possibility that local government unit may dispose of or
lease construction land in public ownership at a price that is lower than the market price or without
remuneration, with prior approval of the Government in accordance with the Law on Planning and
Construction. One of the conditions for approval is the estimate that construction land is earmarked
for the construction of the building used for implementation of economic development projects.
The condition is that the person from whom the land is taken away or leased does not own or
lease in accordance with the law any other construction land envisaged for the construction of an
object that can be used for implementation of economic development projects, in the territory of the
local government unit where there is a construction site which is the subject of taking i.e. leasing.
Economic development projects referred to in Article 2 Act 1 of this regulation are defined in
Article 3 (projects whose implementation increases the number of employees in the economy for at
least 1% and the projects in which the number of employees in the economy increases by at least
0.5%).
Special benefits for the City of Leskovac are defined by Article 3g:
Local government, which has more than 100,000 residents on its territory, may dispose of or
lease construction land with a surface area greater than 25 acres, at a price lower than the market
price or without remuneration, with prior approval of the Government in accordance with the Planning
and Construction Law, provided that it is the construction land intended for construction of facilities:
1) for productive activities that contribute to the realization of projects for local economic
development;
2) for performing services in field of information and communication technologies that may be
subject to international trade.
The acquirer of the property right or right to purchase the construction land referred to in
Paragraph 1 of this Article is obliged to, within three years from the date of certification of court
agreement on taking the land, i.e. lease contracts, employ per every two acres of taken or leased
construction land at least one person for an indefinite period of time.
In case that the renter, does not fulfill these obligation local government unit has the right to
unilaterally terminate the agreement or to charge tenant the price or lease of construction land at the
market price of construction land.
6.11.3.2. Fees for construction land arrangement
City of Leskovac, by the Decision on construction land ("Off. Gazette of the City of Leskovac"
no. 18/2009, 4/2010, 23/2010, 27/2011 and 2/2012) predicts a significant reduction in payment of
fees for construction land arrangement. Deduction depends on the activities that will engage the
76
investor (production, trade ....) and the number of workers who will be employed (Article 31 of the
Decision):
The fee for construction land shall be determined on the basis of the following criteria: the
degree of utility equipment, the annual program for land development, urban planning, the use and
area (Article 10 of the Decision).
Article 31 - Fees for construction land arrangement and for the construction of commercial
production facilities and office buildings, except for the construction of facilities where a service
activity of gambling and betting, lottery games and bars will be performed, is reduced by:
20% of the calculated charge in full amount for a specific location in the third zone;
30% of the calculated charge in full amount for a specific location in the fourth zone;
50% of the calculated charge in full amount for a specific location in the fifth zone;
In the sixth zone, fees for construction land arrangement for the construction of facilities is
from Article 18.
Decisions will be charged 100 din/m2 (except for the construction of facilities where a service activity
of gambling and betting, lottery games and bars will be performed).
Investor of the facility has the right to deduct fees and is obliged to employ a certain number
of workers, and the investment for the building must not be less than 500,000 euros. Reduction is
made depending on the number of employees:
1) 10 - 20 employees - 10% of the calculated fees in full amount for a specific location;
5) 200+ employees - 50% of the calculated fees in full amount for a specific location.
Investor is entitled to a reduction from Paragraph 6 of this Article, if in the period of 2 years
from the date of obtaining the occupancy permit for the facility, he performs a contractual obligation
on the number and pace of hiring.
If it is an investment of greater importance to the local community or if the investor
participates its funds for the construction of utility infrastructure, it is possible that the City Assembly
makes a decision on additional exemptions.
Another possibility of reduction is provided in Article 53, under which the amount of the fee is
reduced by 30% when payment is made in the entire amount on the date of signing the contract. An
investor who begins paying fees in installments, and then makes payment of the remaining debt at
once is entitled to a fee reduction of 30% for the remaining revalued amount, provided that the
number of outstanding installments is at least six (6).
1.6.3.3
Company tax
Based on the resolution of the local utility taxes ("Official Gazette of the City of Leskovac" no.
2/2010, 10/2010, 2/2011, 12/2011, 3/2012, 40/2012 and 1/2013) for highlighting companies in
business premises and beyond, the fee is determined annually and is defined in heading 4.
From October 2012, the obligation to pay this tax is eliminated for small legal entities and
entrepreneurs with an income of less than 50 million dinars per year. With the decision of 2013, this
provision remains in force.
- Number of adopted solutions for municipal taxes for highlighting companies in the business area for
2012 was 3918, and after this change, the number of decisions issued in 2013 was 294.
6.11.3.3 Subsidy programs with technical support from the National Employment
Service
Public works
Pursuant to Article 43 Paragraph 1 Act 7 of the Law on Employment and Unemployment
Insurance ("Off. Gazette of RS", no. 36/09 and 88/10) and Article 9 of the Regulation on the method
and criteria for the implementation of active labor market measures ("Off. Gazette of RS", no. 12/12
and 20/13) the city of Leskovac are and the National Employment Service announced on 3 June 2013
a public competition for the organization of public works in 2013.
For the implementation of public works, the National Employment Service pays the employer contractor of public works funds for:
- Profits for the unemployed
- The cost of arrival and departure from the labor of the unemployed
- The costs of conducting public works
- Expenses of training.
Funds intended for public works are used for:
77
1) Payment of net wages to the unemployed involved in public works, in the amount of:
- 23,000.00 increased by the amount of the taxes and fees, for those with the I and II level of
education;
- 24,000.00 increased by the amount of the taxes and fees, for those with the III and IV level
of education;
- 25,000.00 increased by the amount of the taxes and fees, for those with the V and VI level of
education;
- 26,000.00 increased by the amount of the taxes and fees, for those with the VII level of
education;
2) Reimbursement of costs of arrival and departure from the labor of unemployed persons
involved in public works, amounting to 1,500.00 dinars per person for each month of
engagement;
3) The compensation of the costs of public works per person to the amount of:
- 1.500,00 dinars for the implementation of public works in the area of social, humanitarian,
cultural and other activities;
- 3.500,00 dinars for the implementation of public works in the field of maintenance and
renewal of public infrastructure and maintenance and protection of the environment and
nature;
4) Compensation for costs of organizing training:
Depending on the type and complexity of activities included in public works, a training for the
implementation of certain public works can be arranged in the course of public works, according to
the internal program of the employer or educational institution program.
Employer - contractor of public works may achieve compensation for the delivery of training, a
lump sum of 50,000.00 dinars per public work.
The program for opening new working positions

Insurance ("Off. Gazette of RS", no. 36/09 and 88/10), Article 11 Paragraph 1 Act 3 Law on Vocational
Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities ("Off. Gazette of the RS", no. 36/09) and
Article 41 of Regulation on the method and criteria for the implementation of active labor market
measures ("Off. Gazette of RS", no. 12/12 and 20/13), the City of Leskovac are and the National
Employment Service, announced on 3 June 2013, a public invitation for granting subsidies to
employers for creating new jobs.
The subsidy is granted as a lump sum, employers who hire 50 unemployed people or 19
unemployed persons when the employer employs people with disabilities.
The subsidy amounts to RSD 120,000.00 per person. If the newly created jobs employ people with
disabilities, the amount of subsidy amounts to RSD 150,000.00 per person.
Self-employment program
Insurance ( "Off. Gazette of RS ", no . 36/ 09 and 88/10 ), Article 11 Paragraph 1 Act 3 of the Law on
Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities ( "Off. Gazette of the RS" , no.
36/ 09) and Article 53 of Regulation on the method and criteria for the implementation of active labor
market measures ( "Off. Gazette of RS ", no . 12/12 and 20/ 13) the City of Leskovac and the National
Employment Service announced on 3 June 2013 a public announcement for unemployed for granting
subsidies for self-employment in 2013.
Self-employment subsidy granted to an unemployed person is a lump sum of 160,000.00 dinars, or
200,000.00 dinars for persons with disabilities for setting up a business, cooperative or other form of
entrepreneurship and the establishment of the company, if the founder based his work in this
employment. An unemployed person who qualifies for subsidies for self-employment is obliged to
perform the registered activity for at least 12 months.
Professional practice program

Insurance ("Off. Gazette of RS", no. 36/09 and 88/10), Article 11 Paragraph 1 Act 3 of the Law on
Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities ("Off. Gazette of the RS", no.
36/09) and Article 70 of Regulation on the method and criteria for the implementation of active labor
market measures ("Off. Gazette" br.12/12 and 20/13), the City of Leskovac and the National
Employment Agency announced on 3 June 2013 a public call for the implementation of programs of
professional practice in 2013.
78
2)
3)
4)
5)
During the internship program, the City of Leskovac and the National Employment Service:
1) pay hired persons an income support in the monthly amount of 30,000.00 dinars for persons
with at least four-year university education;
performs the calculation and payment of contributions in case of injury and
disease, according to the law and
bears the costs of taking vocational / apprenticeship exam in the amount of one-month
cash assistance.
6.11.4 The process of issuing permits

GUIDE FOR CONSTRUCTION PERMITS
If you have found a
suitable
plot
and
1. INFORMATION ON LOCATION
decided to build on
it, it is advisable to be
familiar with the
procedure of issuing
construction permits. Practice has shown that ignorance of the process of construction in most cases
leads to complications that lead to delays in the construction work in your facility and certain cost
increase.
According to the current Law on Planning and Construction, construction of building
consists of the following stages:
Before you start building, you can get information about the location where you plan to build.
Location information contains the possibilities and limitations of building on land parcel.
Location information is issued by the Administration for Planning, Construction, Housing and
Communal Affairs of the City of Leskovac, within 8 days from the date of application.
NECESSARY DOCUMENTATION:
1. APPLICATION FOR INFORMATION LOCATION
Competent authority: Service Center Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45, tel: +38116 215 631, 215 614.
2. COPY OF THE PLOT PLAN
Competent authority: Cadastre for Real Estate Property, Babicki Odred no.1; tel :+38116 242 856
OBJECTIVE
LOCATION INFORMATION
With information on the location, you get all the information about what you can build with
the planned disposition on your plot.
COMPETENT AUTHORITY: Administration for Urban Planning, Construction, Housing and Communal
Affairs,
Trg Revolucije 45/6, tel: +38116 212 774, 251 964.
NOTE: All necessary information and requests can be asked for in Service Center of the City of
Leskovac, Trg Revolucije 45, tel: +38116 215 631 or on the website of the Service Center
of the City of Leskovac.
1. Request for issuing location information
http://www.usluznicentar.com/UserFiles/inffformacije
79
2. LOCATION PERMIT
2. Request
of the plan
for
issuing the copy
http://www.rgz.gov.rs/web_preuzimanje_datotetka.asp?LanguageID=1&FileID=153
Location permit is issued by the Administration for Planning, Construction, Housing and
Communal Affairs of the City of Leskovac. Request submission and taking of permit shall be made at
the counter of the Service Center Leskovac.
Location permit contains all the requirements and information necessary for the preparation of
technical documentation for the object that you want to build. The deadline for issuance of the
location permit is 15 days from the date of submission of completed application, i.e. obtaining the
conditions and data that competent administration gets by the line of duty.
1. REQUEST FOR ISSUING LOCATION PERMIT
Competent authority: Service Center Leskovac, Trg revolucije 45, tel: +38116 215 631, 215 614.
2. SITUATION PLAN (with information on the planned layout, type and purpose of the facility,
technical features, etc.).
Competent authority: Company or other legal entity that is registered for drafting technical
documentation.
3. COPY OF THE PLOT PLAN
Competent authority: Cadastre Real Estate Service, Babicki odred no.1; tel :+38116 242 856.
Web: http://www.rgz.gov.rs/web_preuzimanje_datotetka.asp?LanguageID=1&FileID=153
4. PRELIMINARY INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS (principal agreements)

In accordance with Article 54 Paragraph 10 of the Law, Administration for Planning, Construction,
Housing and Communal Affairs of the City of Leskovac obtains previous terms of infrastructure by the
line of duty, at the expense of investors.
5. THE PROOF OF THE RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP OR LEASE OF CONSTRUCTION LAND
STEP 1
DECISION ON LOCATION PERMIT
Affairs of the City of Leskovac, Trg Revolucije 45/6, tel: +38116 212 774, 251 964.
NOTE: All necessary information and requirements are obtained at the counter of the Service Center
of Leskovac, Trg Revolucije 45, tel: +38116 215 631, or on the website of the Service Center of the
City of Leskovac.
80
1. Request
permit
3. CONSTRUCTION PERMIT
for issuance of location
http://www.usluznicentar.com/UserFiles/lokacijska doz.pdf
Construction permit is the final document that starts the construction of a facility. The
deadline for the issuance of a building permit is 8 days from the date of submission of the complete
request.
1. REQUEST FOR ISSUANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PERMIT
Competent authority: Service Center Leskovac, Trg Revolucije 45, tel: +38116 215 631, 215 614.
2. LOCATION PERMIT
3. MAIN PROJECT IN THREE COPIES (WITH A REPORT ON COMPLETED TECHNICAL
INSPECTION)
Competent authority: A company or other legal entity, registered in the appropriate register for
drafting technical documentation.
4. CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE OF THE MAIN PROJECT WITH LOCATION PERMIT
(Urban-planning approval)
Competent authority: Administration for Urban Planning, Construction, Housing and Communal
Affairs of the City of Leskovac
Trg Revolucije 45/6, tel: 38116 212 774, 251 964.
5. ELABORATE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY (Elaborat EE)
- Elaborate of Energy Efficiency (Elaborat EE) the document which performs a detailed analysis
of the amount of energy
- which is consumed during operation of the facility analyzed. Elaborate EE is the basis for
making of
- Energy passport necessary for the occupancy permit.
- Elaborate of the Energy Efficiency is an integral part of the required technical documentation
which is submitted with the application for issuing construction permit
Competent authority: Chief Engineer for Energy Efficiency of buildings, who holds a license issued
by the Serbian Chamber of Engineers.
6. STUDY ON IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Study on impact assessment can be made by a legal person and entrepreneur who is is registered
in the appropriate register for conducting engineering and design of studies and analyzes.
Competent authority: City Administration for Environmental Protection, Trg Revolucije 45/2 ,tel:
+38116 237 170, 237 171.
NOTE: This study is not required if the the subject of construction is not on the list of projects that
may require impact assessment of environmental impacts.
6 a. Request for deciding on the need for an impact assessment of the environment
Competent authority: City Administration for Environmental Protection, Trg Revolucije 45/2,
tel: +38116 237 170
7. MAIN PROJECT FOR FIRE FIGHTING
The main project for fire fighting is an integral part of the technical documentation for the
construction of a facility.
Competent authority: A company or other legal entity which is registered in the appropriate register
for activities for design of technical documentation, which has the authority of the Ministry of the final
81
design of the main project for fire fighting, has worked with the license for the project of fire
protection.
8. APPROVAL OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE PROJECT DOCUMENTATION
Consent of the institutions below to the main project is obtained by the investor at his own
expense.
9. PROOF OF THE RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP OR LEASE ON CONSTRUCTION LAND
10. FEES FOR CONSTRUCTION LAND ARRANGEMENT
Competent authority: PC "Directorate for Urban Planning and Construction Trg Revolucije 45,tel:
+38116 245 819.
NOTE: For the construction of commercial- production and business facilities, compensation for land is
reduced by up to 50% depending on the amount of investment and the number of employees
(Decision on Construction Land "Official Gazette of the City of Leskovac," no.18/09, 4/10 , 23/10,
27/11 and 2/2012).
STEP 2
DECISION ON CONSTRUCTION PERMIT
COMPETENT
AUTHORITY:
Administration of
Urban
Planning,
4. REGISTRATION OF WORKS
Construction,
Housing and Communal
City of Leskovac.
1. Request for the issuance of construction permit
http://www.usluznicentar.com/UserFiles/ur%20zahtev%20za%20izdavanje%20gradjevinske%20dozv
ole.pdf
1. REGISTRATION OF THE COMMENCEMENT OF FACILITY CONSTRUCTION

Before the start of construction works on the new building and after obtaining a construction permit,
you must submit the registration of works. The application is submitted at least eight (8) days prior to
the commencement of construction to the competent authority for issuing construction permits and
competent inspection authorities.
2. CERTIFICATE OF COMPATIBILITY OF THE CONSTRUCTED FOUNDATIONS
The Contractor shall submit to the competent authority a statement of completion of the foundation.
The deadline for issuing the above mentioned certificates is three (3) days from the day of submitting
a proper request.
Competent authority: Administration of Urban Planning, Construction, Housing and Communal Affairs
of the City of Leskovac,
2a) The request for issuing a certificate of compatibility for constructed
foundations,
Competent authority: Service Center Leskovac, Trg Revolucije 45, tel: +38116 215 631,
215 614.
2b) Statement of the contractor on completion of the foundation construction,
82
5. OCCUPANCY PERMIT
2c)
constructed foundations,
Competent authority:Licenced geometer
Geodetic footage of
2d) Decision on construction approval

2e) Confirmation of the commencement of works
City of Leskovac.
1. The form of the completion of foundation construction

http://www.usluznicentar.com/UserFiles/ur%20obavestenje%20o%20zavrsetku%20izrade%20temelja
.pdf
The authority responsible for issuing construction permits first issues the decision on
occupancy permit within seven (7) days of receipt of the findings of the Commission for technical
inspection, which stipulates that the facility is suitable for use.
1. REQUEST FOR ISSUING OCCUPANCY PERMIT
Affairs of the City of Leskovac
2. A REQUEST FOR TECHNICAL INSPECTION OF THE CONSTRUCTED FACILITY
Affairs of the City of Leskovac,
1a) A request for technical inspection of facility in terms of fire protection
3. MAIN PROJECT OR THE PROJECT OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITY
In case that during the construction period, no deviations from the main project were done, the
investor, contractor and person who conducted supervision confirm and verify that the main project is
in condition equal to the designed shape.
4. CERTIFICATE OF ENERGY PROPERTIES OF FACILITY (Energy Passport)
Energy Passport is a document that accurately describes the energy situation and energy class of a
given building structure. The Energy Passport is an integral part of the technical documentation to be
submitted with the request for issuing occupancy permit.
Competent authority: Liable organization that holds a license issued by the competent Ministry or
engineer responsible for the energy efficiency of buildings, who has a license issued by the Serbian
Chamber of Engineers.
5. GEODETIC FOOTAGE OF THE FACILITY
This footage is done after the completion of construction, and is required to determine whether the
object is constructed in accordance with the technical documentation and construction permit.
6. APPROVAL FOR CONNECTION OF THE FACILITY TO UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE
83
In order to obtain occupancy permit, approvals are required for the connection of the facility to
utility infrastructure.
STEP 3
DECISION ON OCCUPANCY PERMIT
City of Leskovac.
1. Request for issuing occupancy permit

http://www.usluznicentar.com/UserFiles/ur%20zahtev%20za%20izdavanje%20upotrebne%20dozvole
.pdf
Labor force
7.1
Number and structure of the employed
Table 74. Number and structure of the employed, 2011.

Structure of
employees in
Leskovac
the
municipality
(%)
Employed total
24.351
100
Women
11.080
45.50
Men
13.271
54.50
In enterprises, institutions, cooperatives
17.083
70.15
and organizations
Private entrepreneurs, self-employed
7.268
29.85
and their employees
Number of employees per 1,000
166
/
inhabitants
Number of employees in enterprises,
institutions, cooperatives and
116
/
organizations per 1000 inhabitants
Source: RIS, Municipalities and regions in Serbia in 2012
7.2
Structure of
employees in
the region
(%)
Structure of
employees in
Serbia (%)
100
44.9
55.1
100
45.9
54.1
67.73
76.90
32.27
23.1
156
241
106
185
Employment by sectors
Table 75. Structure of employees in enterprises, institutions, cooperatives and

organisations, by sectors and activities, 2011.
Structure of
Structure of
Structure of
Municipality employees in the
employees in
employees in
municipality (%)
the region (%) Serbia (%)
Employed - total
17.083
100
100
100
Agriculture, hunting, forestry
225
1,31
1,6
2,59
and fishing
Mining
0
0,00
0,89
1,62
Processing industry
3.600
21,07
21,01
30
Energy, gas and steam supply
365
2,13
1,94
2,08
Water supply and wastewater
702
4,11
4,3
2,41
management
Construction
669
3,91
4,47
5,39
84
Retail and wholesale and

2.093
12,25
repair of motor vehicles
Traffic and storage
996
5,83
Accommodation and food
143
0,83
services
Information and
223
1,3
communication
Financial and insurance
234
1,37
activities
Real estate business
0
0
Professional, scientific,
innovation and technical
193
1,13
activities
Administrative and support
136
0,8
service activities
Public administration and
1300
7,6
social insurance
Education
2820
16,5
Health and social care
2859
16,73
Art, entertainment and
276
1,61
recreation
Other service activities
248
1,45
Source: Republic Institution for Statistics, Municipal yearbook 2012
7.3
11,17
13,65
4,84
6,42
1,33
1,52
1,98
2,81
1,11
2,9
0,23
1,18
3,89
0,7
2,18
7,85
5,25
18
15,28
10,3
12
1,42
1,66
1,15
1,07
Average earnings
Table 76. The average monthly gross and net earnings per employee in the area of
Leskovac and the Republic of Serbia in 2012.
The City of Leskovac
Republic of Serbia
Gross
Month
Net earnings Gross earnings
Net earnings
earnings
January
37421
26816
50829
36639
February
43619
31446
55505
40003
March
43232
31179
56125
40562
April
44281
31858
58465
42215
May
42,636
30613
56206
40442
June
44037
31629
58712
42335
July
43,59
31,34
57,24
41,18
August
44086
31621
58503
42122
September
45954
33149
55903
40258
October
44074
31787
57733
41558
November
46017
33199
58914
42395
December
53458
38517
65165
46923
Average annual value
44367
31929
5,441
41386
Source: Statistical Bulletin of the City of Leskovac for 2012
Table 77. Comparative view of average earnings per employee by years
Year
Earnings per employee

in euros*
Earnings per
employee in euros*
Jablanica Region
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
282
285
259
263
317
/
278
252
252
298
85
Earnings per
employee in
euros*
Republic of Serbia
366
372
331
338
402
2007
246
Source: Republic Institution for Statistics, July, 2013
* By the average exchange rate of NBS for the year in question
7.4
233
347
Earnings by sectors
Table 78. Comparative overview of average earnings by sector in euros

Net earnings in 2011
(eur)*
Sector
Total
A - Agriculture, hunting
and fishing
B Mining
C Processing industry
D - Electricity, gas,
steam and air
conditioning supply
E - Water supply,
wastewater
management,
controlling the process
of waste removal and
similar activities
F Construction
G - Wholesale and
retail trade, repair of
motor vehicles and
motorcycles
H Traffic and storage
I Accommodation
and food services
J Information and
communication
K - Financial and
insurance activities
L Real estate
business
M - Professional,
scientific and technical
activities
N - Administrative and
support service
activities
O - Public
administration and
defense, compulsory
social insurance
P Education
Q Health and social
care
Region
of
Souther
n and
Eastern
Serbia
323
Net earnings in 2012

(eur)*
Net earnings
2013/September
(eur)**
Region
of
Souther
Republic of
n and
Serbia
Eastern
Serbia
320
374
Republic of
Serbia
Region of
Southern
and
Eastern
Serbia
Republic of
Serbia
372
317
366
246
309
265
318
317
335
476
563
493
563
507
588
293
322
281
316
280
320
641
636
620
622
640
638
279
343
278
335
288
343
256
323
246
307
226
293
196
279
196
275
203
279
284
401
281
384
306
393
171
205
170
202
175
211
422
518
417
530
423
620
499
706
433
674
494
702
295
430
295
395
306
412
241
486
253
507
251
505
262
278
249
276
279
264
392
458
403
449
413
462
338
374
325
360
340
377
382
385
367
366
361
372
86
R Art, entertainment
303
366
289
349
and recreation
S - Other service
209
257
210
255
activities
Source: Republic Institution for Statistics, July, 2013
* By average medium exchange rate of NBS for the year in question
** By medium exchange rate for September, 2013
7.5
252
333
223
263
Unemployment
Table 79. Structure of unemployed, September 2013

Jablanica
Leskovac
Serbia
Region
Unemployed - total
22.426
37.876
760.737
10.364
17.699
391.086
Unemployed number
women
%
46,21
46,73
51,4
12.062
20.177
369.651
Unemployed number
men
%
53,79
53,27
48,6
Source: NSE, local branch Leskovac
Share in the
region (%)
59,2
58,56
/
59,78
/
Share in
Serbia (%)
2,95
2,70
/
3,26
/
Table 80. Number and gender structure of unemployed, overview by years.

2004
2005
Unemploye
20554 20623
d - total
Unemploye
10766 10804
d women
Unemploye
9788
9819
d men
Source: RIS, Municipal yearbook
7.6
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
20466
20727
20042
20922
20991
22658
22812
10694
10812
10270
10435
10435
11019
10698
9772
9915
9772
10487
10556
11639
12114
2012
Unemployment and employment rate

Table 81. Comparative review of unemployment rate
Unemployment rate
Leskovac
Belgrade
87
Nis
2008
44,3
13,5
31,8
2011
48,2
14,4
36,5
Table 82. Comparative review of employment rate

Employment rate
Leskovac
Belgrade
Nis
2008
16,8
38,8
30,3
2011
16,9
35,2
24
Source: RIS, July 2013
7.7
Unemployment by the level of education
Table 83. Unemployed by the level of education and gender structure, September
2013.
Leskovac
unemployed (%)
TOTAL
22426
100
Total women
10364
46,2
5385
24,01
I
level
of
educational total
attainment
women
2500
11,15
375
1,67
II
level
of
educational total
attainment
women
195
0,87
7621
33,98
III level of educational total
attainment
women
2777
12,38
6648
29,64
IV
level
of
educational total
attainment
women
3579
15,96
166
0,74
V
level
of
educational total
attainment
women
51
0,23
807
3,60
VI-1 level of educational total
attainment
women
447
1,99
267
1,19
VI-2 level of educational total
attainment
women
168
0,75
1145
5,11
VII-1 level of educational total
attainment
women
643
2,87
12
0,05
VII-2 level of educational total
attainment
women
4
0,02
0
0,00
VIII level of educational total
attainment
women
0
0,00
Source: NSE, local branch Leskovac
7.8
Unemployment by job-waiting time
Table84. The unemployed by job-waiting time, September 2013

Leskovac
Share in the total
Leskovac
88
Share in the total
TOTAL
up to 6 months
from 6 months up to 1
year
1 - 2 years
2 - 3 years
3 - 5 years
5 - 8 years
8 - 10 years
over 10 years
7.9
number of
unemployed (%)
women
22426
3067
100
13,68
10364
1361
number of
unemployed women
(%)
46,21
6,07
2632
11,74
1055
4,70
3886
2662
4386
3046
687
2060
17,33
11,87
19,56
13,58
3,06
9,19
1626
1166
1998
1540
376
1242
7,25
5,20
8,91
6,87
1,68
5,54
Source:NES,
Branch
Leskovac
Unemployment by age structure
Table 85. The unemployed by age structure, September 2013

Age
Municipality
TOTAL
Total - women
Up to 19
20-24
25 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 49
50 - 59
Over 60
22426
10364
714
279
2.352
1.027
2.917
1.442
5431
2774
5422
2819
4709
1941
881
82
total
women
total
women
total
women
total
women
total
women
total
women
total
women
Sourse: NES, local branch Leskovac
89
Share in the total

number of unemployed
(%)
100
46,21
3,18
1,24
10,49
4,58
13,01
6,43
24,22
12,37
24,18
12,57
21,00
8,66
3,93
0,37
Public resources
8.1
Traffic infrastructure
The City of Leskovac is situated on the main route of the railway and road pan-European
Corridor 10. The European road E 75 (Corridor 10 section) that connects the far north of Norway to
the south end of Greece passes next to Leskovac. By that road, Leskovac is directly connected to all
important destinations in the south (Thessaloniki 364 km) and the north of Europe (Budapest 662
km).
Through Leskovac, in the direction east-west, a state road of the II order passes by, which
connects Leskovac to Pristina in the west (100 km) and Pirot in the east (79 km).
The main branch of the railway corridor 10 Salzburg-Belgrade-Leskovac-Skopje-Thessaloniki
passes through the territory of Leskovac. Having in mind the poor state of the railway network,
Leskovac railway entered the program "The railway network of high-performance" that will enable the
creation of high-quality rail networks, with significantly reduced travel time between major urban
centers.
Leskovac railway station is on the list of monitoring stations open for the receipt and dispatch
of goods, which provides the city with cheaper goods transport to all destinations around the region
and Europe.
As for the airport transport, the closest airport for trade in Serbia is Nikola Tesla Airport in
Belgrade (304 km), while the airport in Nis (47 km) only performs passenger service to a small
number of destinations. For the purposes of goods and passenger transport alternative is Alexander
the Great Airport in Skopje (150 km) in Macedonia.
Table 86. Road length, 2011
Share in the lenght
of roads of the
City (km)
Region (km)
same category in
the region (%)
Road length total
681
38,11
1.787
Modern road
417
44,50
937
Total
56
39,16
143
Highway
Modern road
56
39,16
143
Total
153
36,60
418
Regional
Modern road
111
34,80
319
Total
472
38,50
1.226
Local
Modern road
250
52,63
475
Source: Municipalities and regions in the RS, 2012
8.1.1 Road infrastructure
90
The road network of the city of Leskovac consists of 681 km of categorized roads. In relation
to the period of a few years ago, that is a significant increase, but mainly in the category of local
roads. Sections of the two main roads of I B order with the total length of 64 km pass through the
territory of Leskovac. Out of total length of the regional network, 72.55% are under modern
pavement and 53% of the local area network are under modern pavement.
Intercity road transport is carried out through the city's bus station (CBS), which has 276 daily
departures for a large number of destinations, and inner city traffic is entrusted to companies that
transport passengers to all 145 settlements in the city of Leskovac.
As for the average individual motorization in Leskovac in 2008, there were 170 passenger cars
per 1000 inhabitants, which is much lower than the average for Central Serbia.
Table 87. Level of individual motorisation, 2007 and 2008
Passenger cars / 1000 people
Area
2007.
2008.
Central Serbia
208.38
210.39
Jablanica Region
158.78
160.35
169.17
170.31
Source: Traffic study of Leskovac, May 2010
Table 88. Registered motor vehicles, 2011
City
Motorcycles
496
Passenger cars
26583
Buses
161
Cargo vehicles
3136
Road skidders
69
Trailer vehicles
2972
8.1.2
Region
618
38670
210
3136
102
4748
Rail transport and infrastructure
The main branch of the railway corridor 10, Salzburg-Belgrade-Leskovac-Skopje-Thessaloniki,

passes through the territory of Leskovac. From Belgrade to Nis, the railway is a double track, and
further south there is only one track. The state of railway network in the whole territory of Serbia is in
very poor condition, and therefore in this region, too.
Section of the railway that runs through Leskovac entered the program "Railway Networks of
High Performance", which will enable the creation of high-quality rail networks, with significantly
reduced travel time between major urban centers.
Every day 13 passenger trains stop in Leskovac. Leskovac railway station is a monitoring
station open for the receipt and dispatch of goods, which provides the city with cheaper goods
transport to all destinations around the region and Europe (see table below).
The number of transported passengers and goods shows that Leskovac still does not make
sufficient use of the benefits of its involvement in the railroad system of the country, especially in
terms of goods traffic, and industrial zone of Leskovac is not directly involved in the rail network via
appropriate industrial tracks.
Expanding the capacity of the existing industrial tracks will be one of the most important tasks
in the upcoming period, in order to mitigate the identified deficiencies and problems in this area.
Table 89. Traffic of goods and passengers in railway transport, 2010
The City of
Share of the city in total
Region
Leskovac
traffic in the region (%)
Number of railway stations
6
100
6
Number of transported
passengers
19.200
52
36.745
Loading (in tons)
9.117
100.00
9.117
Unloading (in tons)
9.030
100.00
9.030
Source: Traffic and Telecommunication in the RS, 2010
8.2
Communal infrastructure
91
City of Leskovac is in a group of 25 urbanized cities / municipalities and is distinguished by its

specific position because the centres such as Nis, Leskovac and Vranje are located in the southern
part of the international transport corridor 10. In terms of the functional-urban significance, Leskovac
is one of the 16 functional urban areas of national importance, where 3% of the population live on
2.4% of the national area.
8.2.1
Water infrastructure
8.2.2.1. Water supply

The main source of water supply for the city of Leskovac is accumulation "Barje" created by
damming the river Veternica, thirty kilometers upstream from Leskovac, in the village of the same
name. Water comes to the drinking water treatment plants from accumulation "Barje", located 5.5 km
downstream from the dam in the village of Gorina. Total plant capacity is 840 l/s, and its realization is
with two technological lines of 420 l/s. Plant height position is determined in a way that the water is
delivered by gravity to the tank of 25,000 m in Rudarska Kosa near Leskovac, and along the way, it
delivers water to the area of twenty villages.
Before starting the drinking water treatment plant for , the city of Leskovac was getting water
supply through a central water supply system from Leskovac from capped underground springs in two
locations:
- Northern, so called new source,
- Southern, so called old source.
In the northern source there is a central
pumping station with a capacity of Q = 600 l /
s, from which water is pumped into the city
network and the reservoir at Hisar hill with the
total volume of 4200 m3.
This kind of water supply of the city from
underground capped wells became a backup
source that is activated in the case of a serious
accident at the source of the water supply
system Barje. City water supply network was
constructed with a length of about 350 km,
and more than 30,000 households are
connected to it.
8.2.2
Water infrastructure
Industrial and demographic development of Leskovac has imposed the need to build a
modern sewerage system. Due to land configuration where the city is located, sewage in Leskovac is a
specific problem.
Together with the secondary network, sewerage system exceeds the length of 120 kilometers
and currently all wastewater is discharged directly into the Veternica River without prior treatment or
treatment afterwards. The sewage system operates on a mixed basis, i.e. relatively few streets extract
atmospheric water from the sewerage system.
In parts of the city where there is no sewerage
system, waste water is discharged mostly into improperly
constructed individual septic tanks which pose a potential
threat to the sanitary aspects in terms of high groundwater,
when it can come to its outlet. Since individual septic tanks
are generally not built as waterproof, they represent
continuous threat in terms of vulnerability of groundwater.
In order to improve the environment and protect
Slika 17. Budui izgled postrojenja za
the health of our citizens, the city of Leskovac was
preiavanje otpadnih voda
approved the project of the construction of wastewater
treatment plant worth over 24 million euros, whose Phase
92
III includes expansion of the sewage network in over 20 settlements in the city which gravitate to the
future plant. The plant is located near the village of Bogojevce, in the space where the Veternica flows
into the South Morava. The plant will be able to process 800 liters of wastewater per second and the
deadline for construction of
all three phases is the year 2016.
The project is financed from the European funds, with the support of the Government of the
Republic of Serbia and the City of Leskovac, and represents a significant contribution to the accession
to the European Union and respects the recommendations of the Water Framework Directive and
many other directives that derive from it.
Table 90. Water supply and wastewater discharge, 2011.
Number of
Number of
households
Supply of drinking
households
Region-City
connected to the
water,
connected to the
water supply
thous. m
sewage network
network
Jablanica
47.713
7.916
30.207
Region
Leskovac
30.908
5.528
19.412
Source: Municipalities and Regions in the RS, 2012
8.2.3
Total of
discharged
wastewater,
thous. m
6.903
5.383
Remote heating system
PC "Toplana" - Leskovac deals with production and distribution of thermal energy for
heating needs of the users in the city of Leskovac and is the carrierof the development program of
heating and gasification of the city.
Remote heating system in Leskovac is provided by three boiler rooms:
Boiler room "Crvena Zvezda", coal-fired, with a total installed capacity of 22 MW. The total
length of the hot water remote heating system C. Zvezda is 6140m. Boilers in this boiler room must be
replaced with 3 new boiler units with the power of 35KW, which will use heavy fuel oil as an energy
source with the possibility of gas burner conversion to gas.
Boiler room "Dubocica" uses heavy fuel oil of total installed capacity of 19.5 MW and must
also undergo some changes in terms of increasing capacity from 19.5 MW to 25 MW with the
possibility of gas burner conversion to gas. The total length of hot water line is 3850 m.
Boiler room "S 17", which uses heavy fuel oil with a total installed capacity of 9 MW, is
located in the city center and has 4650 direct and 6500 indirect users a day. Due to the inability to
increase capacity in terms of construction and inability of conversion to gas, displacement from the
cellar of the building "S-17" is predicted.
A total of 111 862 m area of business premises and 3,758 apartments are connected to the
hot water line network of over 12 km, which is less than 10% of the total number of households in
Leskovac.
8.2.3.1. Gasification of Leskovac
The main branch of the main gas pipeline MG 11 from Nis to Leskovac (GRE Leskovac) and
branch of the distribution pipeline RG 11-02 to
Donji Bunibrod (GMRS "Vlasotince") pass through
Leskovac. Installation of branch MG 11 to Bobite
(GMRS "Leskovac") was installed towards the city
of Leskovac.
GMRS "Leskovac" has made the city
network and the following measuring stations:
- "Nevena-Jugekspres,
- "Leteks,
- "Proleter,
Slika 18. GMRS Leskovac
To which the following users such as Yura,
Bimtex, Zlatni Pek, Zlatan Trag, Morava
93
(brickworks) are already connected and there are also measuring station facilities with the capacity for
the connection of all interested individuals and legal entities.
8.2.4
Electric power infrastructure
Primary distribution facility for power supply of Leskovac and its surrounding area is a TS
400/220/110kV "Leskovac 2" through 110kV DV.
Leskovac is connected to the power system of Serbia through the following lines:
1. 400 kV DV (TS "Nis 2 TS "Leskovac 2)
2. 220kV DV (TS "Nis 2 TS "Leskovac 2) and
3. 110kV DV (TS "Nis 2 TS "Leskovac 4), (TS "Leskovac 4 TS "Leskovac 2), (TS
"Leskovac 2 TS "Vrla 3) and (TS "Leskovac 2 EVP Grdelica TS "Vrla 3).
In the scope of the General Urban Plan, there is one TS 110/35 kV "Leskovac 1" (present
capacity of 2 x 20 MVA) and two TS 110/10 kV: "Leskovac 4" (present capacity of 2 x 31.5 MVA) and
"Leskovac 6 "(present capacity of 2 x 31.5 MVA).
The existing systems of transformation 110/35/10/0,4 kV and 110/10 kV are kept, noting that
the final opinion is defined through the done Study of perspective long-term development of electrical
networks of voltage levels of 110 kV and 35 kV in the area of the local branch of Nis, Leskovac,
Prokuplje ,Pirot and Vranje in PD "Jugoistok" Ltd Nis.
In addition to the basic energy stronghold in the transformer station TS 220/110 KV
"Leskovac" with two substations TS 110/10KV and TS 110/35kV, consumption in Leskovac is reliable
and well secured with electricity, so the city of Leskovac meets the needs of businesses and
households.
8.2.5
Telecommunication systems
8.2.5.1. Land telephone lines

The number of telephone connections in the city of Leskovac is 38046 with 26.38 telephones
per 100 inhabitants (or, inversely: one connection to 3.79 residents), which is by 65% lower than in
the Republic of Serbia, where there are 40.2 telephones per 100 inhabitants (or one connection to
2.49 people). Telephone network is enriched with 14 telephone centres, out of which 7 are modern
automatic and about 1,500 km of the total telephone network with 20% of underground cable.
Percentage of digitizing of involved landline subscribers in the area of Leskovac is 89.58%,
while the number of included doubles makes 1.8%. In Serbia, the percentage of digitizing of involved
landline subscribers is 97.88%, and the percentage of the total included doubles is 3.47%. The total
length of main optical cables (main cable) that were built on the territory of Leskovac is about 98.191
km.
State of in the landline telecommunication network can be assessed according to the quality
of the subscriber network as relatively satisfactory when it comes to transmission of the speech signal.
Landline telephone services in Leskovac are provided by the following companies: Telekom Serbia,
SBB and Orion Telekom.
8.2.5.2. Mobile and cable operators
Mobile telephony services, internet and cable TV in Leskovac are provided by many companies
and strong competition is present which guarantees high quality of the services.
Mobile operators in Leskovac are: Vip mobile Ltd, Telekom Serbia JSC and Telenor Serbia.
Cable TV operators are: SBB, Telekom Serbia, Kopernikus, Orion Telekom.
Internet services in Leskovac are provided by all of the above mentioned companies with excellent
internet packages that are currently offered in the whole Serbia.
Table 91. Postal communications, 2011
City
Number of post offices
16
Number of telephone subscribers
38.046
letter-post items(in thous.)
1.366
Postal traffic
(dispatched)
packages (in thous.)
9
94
Share in the region

(%)
55,17
68,70
81,00
90,00
Republic of Serbia
1507
2.889.236
298.137
530
8.3
Health and social welfare
The network of health care organizations in the city and suburban areas
covered by General Urban Plann is made of: objects of primary health, secondary
and hygienic-epidemiological protection. Health facilities are in the state and private
ownership.
Health Center in Leskovac is competent for providing primary health care, with its branches in
Grdelica and Vucje. As part of the Health Center, over 10 services operate, including the Health Care
of Children and School Children. Health Center has a wide network of ambulance stations and
infirmaries in populated areas of the city of Leskovac and a large number of dental clinics in primary
and secondary schools in Leskovac.
Health Center in Leskovac provides annually about 2,300,000 different health services (19
services per one insured person). Due to good distribution of health capacities and personnel, the use
of health care fully meets the demands and needs of working people and citizens in the area where
Health Center-Leskovac provides health care.
Health institution "Pharmacy Leskovac" is another health institution providing primary health
care, but for the entire territory of Jablanica region. The main activity is supply of the population,
health institutions and other legal entities with drugs and medical supplies. Pharmacy Leskovac
consists of 13 branches and 21 units for issuing ready-made medicines.
Secondary health care to all residents of Jablanica Region is provided by General Hospital
Leskovac. There are over 1200 employees in the Hospital, divided into 19 departments and sectors,
serving 222 394 inhabitants in the region.
In 2008, General Hospital Leskovac received recognition in the form of the 2nd place in the
ranking of hospitals in the country in terms of work quality assessed by the Ministry of Health, based
on the information provided to the Public Health Institute.
Table 92. Hospital capacities, 2013
Number of
beds
Bed fund according to the Regulation
on the network plan of health
727
institutions (without psychiatry)
Psychiatry beds
68
Daily hospitals
54
Beds in neonatology
60
TOTAL
909
Share in the total

number of beds (%)
Number of beds per

1000 inhabitants
79,98
3,36
7,48
5,94
6,60
100,00
0,31
0,25
0,28
4,20
Table 93. Doctors, dentists and pharmacists in health care services, 2011.
Share of the city in the
City
total number of doctors
in the region (%)
Doctors total
471
78.50
General practitioners
103
68
Doctors on specialization
23
82
Specialist doctors
345
82
Dentists
60
71.43
Pharmacists
49
100
Number of inhabitants per doctor in the city
311
Number of inhabitants per doctor in the region
371
Number of inhabitants per doctor in Serbia
345
Source: Municipalities and Regions in the RS, 2012)
95
Table 94. Hospital statistics, 2009

General Hospital Leskovac
Total number of hospitalized people
Average length of treatment
Specialist examinations total
Number of operations
Number of dialysis
8.3.1
Number
31.544
6.6 dana
361.908
6.621
15.237
Social and child care
Social Care - Facilities in the area of the General Urban Plan of Leskovac whose business is
social protection of the population are: Centre for Social Work, Institution for Adults and Seniors
Leskovac and Home for taking care of old people "Autumn Sun",which is in private ownership.
Shelter for women and children victims of domestic violence has been in function from
January 2004 within the Centre, and as a separate organizational entity.
Child Care - The activities of child care in the city of Leskovac are performed by the city
government for social activities and Preschool "Vukica Mitrovic".
In the city, there are:
- 6 buildings with 33 educational groups in all-day stay and 14 groups in the nursery section;
- 4 buildings in suburban areas with 5 groups in all-day stay.
Total number includes 1257 children. There are 56 groups of children in half-day stay in
kindergartens, schools and rural areas with the total number of 1350 children attending.
Table 95. Beneficiaries of social welfare, 2011
Share of the city in the
City
Region
total number of
beneficiaries (%)
Total
13.410
24.972
54
Children
3.379
7.210
47
The young
939
2.245
42
Adults
7.003
12.108
58
Aged
2.089
3.409
61
Table 96. Expenditures of the city in specific areas, 2011
City
Share of the
Region
(in thous. of
city in relation
(in thous. of dinars)
dinars)
to the region
Investing in education
2.212.554
68%
3.250.660
Investing in health and social care
3.153.886
76%
4.155.669
Investing in art, entertainment and
120.194
71%
170.209
recreation
8.4
Educational capacities
Table 97. Capacity of educational institutions, 2011

Number of
Number of
Graduated from schoolinstitutions
pupils/students
graduation
Preschool institutions
1
2329
/
Primary schools
11
12350
1598
Secondary schools
8
6286
1806
Higher schools
2
540
228
Faculties
1
342
56
Table 98. Number and structure of educational institutions, 2011
Share in the total
Enrolled
Finished City
number of institutions
- total
total
in the region (%)
96
Primary schools
Secondary
schools
total
11
46
12350
1598
total
44
6286
1806
2
67
100
15
1
100
34
9
Higher schools
2
100
540
228
Faculties
1
100
342
56
Institutions for preschool children
48
54
2329
Student dormitories
1
100
218
Table 99. Total number of pupils, students and educational institution beneficiaries,
2011
City
pupils/students/beneficiaries in
the region (%)
Total
12350
66
Primary schools - pupils
finished school
1598
66
Total
6286
73
Secondary schools students
finished school
1806
74
Total
100
95
Special schools - students
finished school
15
100
Total
540
100,00
Higher schools students
finished school
228
100,00
Total
342
100,00
Faculties students
finished school
56
100,00
TOTAL all students
23.321
87.40
Children
Preschool institutions
2329
54
beneficiaries
Accommodation
Student dormitories
0
0
beneficiaries
Accommodation
Pupil dormitories
218
beneficiaries
Table 100. Average number of pupils, students and accommodation beneficiaries in
educational institutions, 2011
City
Region
Serbia
Number of pupils per primary school
140
97.68
165,26
Number of pupils per class in primary school
22
19.50
21.38
Number of students per secondary school
571.45
480.11
566.61
Number of students per class in secondary
21.97
24.62
25,29
school
Number of pupils per special school-primary
50
35
25.70
Number of students per special school34
44.56
secondary
Number of students per higher school
1312
1312
799.45
Number of graduated students per higher
228
228
170.45
school
Number of students per faculty
342
342
1.395
Number of graduated students per faculty
56
56
277.73
Number of children beneficiaries per preschool
48.52
41.68
76.18
institution
Number of accommodation beneficiaries per
0,0
0,0
1.895,55
student dormitory
Number of accommodation beneficiaries per
218
127.55
179
pupil dormitory
Table 101. Total number of pupils in primary schools, 2011
City
primary school pupils in the
Special schools
Primary - total
Secondary - total
97
total
12.350
Primary school
girls
5.984
pupils
boys
6.366
region (%)
65.85
31.90
33.94
Environmenta resources
9.1
Air quality
The main sources of pollutants of the City of Leskovac

are:
-fossil
fuels
furnaces
and
- motor vehicles.
Most of the large solid and liquid fuel furnaces (heating
plants and boiler rooms) are located in the city of Leskovac,
about 83%. Location of the furnaces in relation to the dominant
wind direction is unfavorable - winds blow from the emitter
towards the residential areas of the city.
Transport is one of the main causes of air pollution of major settlements. Of all the pollutants
Picture 19.
Air pollutants
that are characteristic for analysing the impact of traffic on air quality (carbon
monoxide,
nitrogen
dioxide, formaldehyde, lead and total hydrocarbons) in Leskovac, only the concentration of lead and
nitrogen dioxide is monitored.
Immission is concentration of gases, steam, aerosols and other pollutants in the air at a certain
place and certain time and it shows the air quality of certain area.
Testing of air pollution in Leskovac was first performed in the period from 01/02/1975 to
31/01/1976. After this one-year testing, there was a break until 1994 when again continuous
monitoring of air quality in Leskovac began.
Continuous measurement included only the territory of the City Leskovac, where the largest
number of air pollutants is located. Institute for Public Health in Leskovac performs continuous and
systematic monitoring of air quality in the city, but due to lack of funds in the 2009 measurements
were not done.
City Environmental Protection Department envisaged by its program the making of local registry
of air pollution sources in the territory of Leskovac, the increased number of measurement points and
parameters for monitoring air quality.
9.2
Land quality
The area of Leskovac region has long been known as a true mosaic of soil types, formed under
the influence of specific pedogenetic factors, which has a great effect on the layout, production
characteristics and potential value of soil.
Years of soil testing in the laboratory of the Institute for Agriculture Leskovac" from
Leskovac, have shown that in comparison to the period of twenty years ago, the pH value of soil has
been reduced by 0.2 to 0.3 units on the one hand, while on the other hand, there was a reduction of
percentage of humus in soil, as well as reduction of concentration of phosphorus and potassium which indicates that there was a deterioration of soil quality.
Soil pollution is mostly affected by industry, traffic (heavy metals) and intensive use of
pesticides in agricultural production whose use is largely irregular and uncontrolled.
Based on the above said, with the aim of improving the quality of soil, the city of Leskovac has
determined the general and specific objectives, as well as short-term (2006-2007) and long term
(2006-2010) action plan.
98
9.3
Water quality
With their activities and attitude towards the environment, people influence the quality and
use value of water. Water, by its prevalence, spreading and mobility, requires local, regional and
wider protection policy.
Water supply source accumulation Barje and ground waters.
The concept of long-term water supply on the territory of the Municipality of Leskovac is
reflected in meeting the needs for water by exploiting the capacities of the underground aquifer now
watersource, and by accumulating the surface waters of the Veternica river (accumulation "Barje" and
dam). The water supply system "Barje" covers the territory of the Municipality of Leskovac with 144
settlements and around 150,000 inhabitants in total, with total quantity of high quality water of 820
lit/sec in 2010.
Total quantity of water available from the accumulation Barje (Q=820 lit/sec) and
from the underground aquifer (Q=500 lit/sec) is Q=1,320 lit/sec.
Current supplying of the inhabitants with drinking water is done from the underground
watersource, in several ways:
- from central watersupply systems;
- from group watersupply systems and
- from private watersources and public drinking fountains (rural watersupply systems).
The watersupply system from the accumulation "Barje" is divided in two interdependent and
connected parts:
- from the accumulation lake to Leskovac, and
- from Leskovac towards other settlements in the municipality. This sub-system includes
the distribution network of the City of Leskovac, too.
Within the water supply system of the accumulation lake "Barje", all the facilities have been
built (water intake, water treatment plant, pumping stations, water main, reservoir and, at the
beginning of this year, the trial operation of the regional water supply system "Barje".
Several organizations are involved in monitoring the potable water quality, with the aim of
analyzing health and hygienic quality of water. Main research institutions are the Institute for public
health in Leskovac, PUC Vodovod-Leskovac, which distributes potable water, as well as the Institute
for Public Health Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut- Belgrade.
Water protection condition

Business facilities and great majority of households in the municipality have ensured supply of
running potable water, and only Leskovac, Vucje, Grdelica and Predejane (out of totally 144
settlements in the municipality) have central collection systems for waste water collection and
discharge. Around 40% of the city (inhabitants) is covered by the central waste water collection and
discharge system. Waste water from other polluters is discharged into: cesspits, watercourses, surface
water collection conduits.
Water, used in different ways, form the city areas with closed sewerage network, is being
discharged into the river Veternica without treatment. After reception of the collected waters and
before the Veternica infuses into the Juzna Morava river, it flows through the village of Bogojevce.
Protection measures
99
Leskovac was approved the project of construction of wastewater treatment plant worth over
24 million euros whose Phase III includes the expansion of the sewage network in over 20
settlements in the territory of the city which gravitate to the future plant. The plant is located near the
village of Bogojevce in the space where the Veternica flows into the South Morava. The plant will be
able to process 800 liters of wastewater per second, and deadline for the construction of all three
phases is the year 2016.
In order to protect the wastewater and surface water, 3 priority levels of protection have been
established: high, medium and low.
City Administration for Environmental Protection in its program envisaged the development of a
local register of potential contaminants of ground and surface water as well as the program for
monitoring groundwater quality.
9.4
Communal waste
Municipal waste collection is organized in the city of Leskovac and certain settlements in the
territory of the City.
"PWW" LTD Leskovac is in charge of the collection and disposal of solid municipal waste in the
territory of Leskovac and Jablanica Region, and is formed by the Austrian company "PWW" and the
City of Leskovac as a public-private partnership. By forming this company, organized transport and
collection of solid waste is greatly improved.
Municipal waste is transported by special vehicles
and disposed to the regional sanitary landfill Zeljkovac.
Sanitary landfill "Zeljkovac", managed by "PWW"
LTD Leskovac, is a part of the National Waste Management
Strategy, which stipulates the building of 29 regional
landfills, 44 gathering stations and 17 recycling centers in
the Republic of Serbia.
Location of municipal waste disposal is in Bunibrod
valley, about 7.5 km away from the center of Leskovac.
eljkovac
The sanitary landfill is built according to the highest

environmental standards, and covers an area up to 80
hectares, with a protective belt area of 30 to 40 hectares.
In the second phase, construction of the recycling center, composting area and modern
asylum for dogs is planned. The Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning recognized the low
waste management level as one of the biggest environmental problems in Serbia. Problems arise as a
result of underdeveloped infrastructure, but also of bad habits and lack of concern for the environment.
In accordance with the National Waste Management Strategy and the Law on Waste
Management, the city of Leskovac is obliged to draft Local Waste Management Plan and, in
cooperation with other municipalities of Jablanica Region, the Regional Waste Management Plan.
The plans would lead to the progressive advancement in the field of solid waste management
services and equipment, institutional strengthening of municipalities in Jablanica Region for the
establishment of systems and waste management, raising public awareness on regional waste
management, promoting a regional approach to waste management in Serbia and finally to
convergence of national practices and procedures to international standards and practices.
On 27 January 2011, the City of Leskovac adopted the Local Plan on Waste Management. Plan
defines the preconditions for sustainable integral system of waste management for a long-term period
of 10 years. Waste management represents set of activities, decisions and measures for preventing
the occurance of waste, decrease of waste amounts and harmful effect on the environment. The
above mentioned activities are: organization of collecting, transport, use, care, monitoring of waste
movement, as well as the care about landfills which are not in use. The beginning of making of the
Regional Plan on Waste Management is expected for municipalities gravitating towards the Regional
landfill Zeljkovac (the decisions of all municipalities on the plan making are being waited for).
10
Tourist resources
100
Leskovac ravine, surrounded with mountains, monasteries older than five centuries, canyon of
the Vucjanka River, Sijarinska spa, archeological location Justiniana Prima, Skobaljic Town near Vucje,
Brnjica cultural group in the basin of the South Morava River, Ethno-archeological park on the hill of
Hisar, Gradac near Zlokucane, Necropol in Mala Kopasnica, and Vlasina Lake could be very attractive
touristic destination of the South of Serbia. Unfortunately, usage of those potentials is very small
mainly because of bad marketing, which is shown with very small number of turists visiting Leskovac.
Radan Mountain is located west of Lebane and belongs to the Rhodope Mountains with the
highest peak of Sopot, 1409 m above sea level. Its geological basis is made of silicate rocks from the
Paleozoic crystal schists. It is surrounded by a range of mountains that make Pasjaca, Vidojevic,
Rgajska Mountain and Sokolovic, which protect from cold and wet currents from northern and western
sides. On the east and south, it opens in Pustorecka valley and that side is exposed to strong solar
heating, which results in warmer and milder climate. It produced a kind of phenomenon, because the
so called oak vegetation belt with the classic 700 m has risen to 800 m - 900 m above sea level.
Thanks to the warmer climate of the Radan Mountain, several endemic and rare plant species have
survived, among which the most important are remains of the forests from the Tertiary period. It
belongs to tame mountains and is suitable for skiing.
Kukavica is a mountain settled in the south of Leskovac. Highest point is Vlajna with 1442m
above sea level. With the position of the highest points, and with the Golema River, the mountain is
devided in two parts northern without settlements and southern where villages occure. Kukavica has
been a border zone for a long time and a very important military position. Nowadays, on the top of
Vlajna, there is a meteorological station and military facilities, but
almost nothing is left of former Roman and Tukish settlements.
Leskovac,
with
which
the
Vucje Hydropower plant is a derivative type of plant

with water intake, water chamber, derivative channel and
pipeline. Construction of the plant began by constructing a
channel in 1902-1903, which brings the water above the plant.
The channel itself is a curiosity. It is about 1000 meters long,
with an average width and depth of 1 meter. On one side it is
carved into the rock, and on the other a supporting wall was
built. The natural beauty is not violated by the construction of the
channel, moreover from its rim, there is a beautiful view of the
waterfalls, rock cliffs and the river canyon of the river Vucjanka.
Most other parts of the power plant complex were built during
the 1903. The oldest electric transmission line in Serbia, 17
kilometers long, connected hydropower plant and the city of
owners of the plant had a contract on lighting.
Picture 22. Kukavica Mountain
Picture 23. Hydropower plant Vucje
Vujanke
In the year when Henry Ford founded his car

factory, Wright brothers achieved the first successful
Picture 24. Justiniana Prima
flight in the history of mankind,

and
when
electricity
was
considered a relatively new
phenomenon, through the copper
Picture 25. Justiniana Prima
101
wires of the electric transmission line Vucje-Leskovac, the first electric energy came on 24 December
1903.
Thirty kilometres away from Leskovac, on
the hill towards Radan Mountain, there is an
arranged archaeological site Caricin grad
(Justiniana Prima), from the sixth century AD,
which is considered the birthplace of the Roman
Emperor Justinian I. The town consists of three
architectural units, which are surrounded by
ramparts. In the highest part, there is an acropolis,
which was used by the Archbishop. It is the largest
church of the Caricin grad - an Episcopal basilica
and palace where the seat of the Archbishop was
located, the baptistery and, it is assumed, a school
for training believers. Upper Town is spread around
the Acropolis. It is divided by two streets into four
districts. At the place where the streets intersect,
there is a circular square. The central points of the
quarters were the churches. Along the streets,
there were craft and trade shops, public buildings
and residential houses. Lower Town extends on the
south from the Upper Town, on the lowest terrace.
In the Lower Town, sacral buildings, public facilities
and a residential quarter have been discovered so
far.
Archeological site Skobaljic Town is located on the ridge of Kukavica mountain, about ten
miles southwest of Vucje.
The site is multi-layered, as there is evidence
from different eras. The earliest traces date from the
Copper and Bronze Ages. The oldest stone fort was built
in Roman times, and fortress of stone, brick and mortar
in the early Byzantine period. The youngest fort whose
remains - walls and towers, can now be seen in the field,
originate from the fifteenth century and are linked to the
personality of Nichola Skobaljic, landowner of despot
Duradj Brankovic. Nikola Skobaljic is a historical figure
that is mentioned in connection with the two battles he
led in September and November 1454. The first battle
Picture 26. Archeological site Skobaljic Town
had taken place "in Banje" and then Skobaljic defeated
the Turkish army and killed many people, including "the famous Turkish gentlemen". The second one,
in which the Emperor himself led the Turkish army, took place near water (or mountain) Trepanja.
Then Nikola Skobaljic was defeated and impaled alive.
Tradition connects this site to Duke Nikola Skobaljic, a great hero who fought against the Turks and
was never defeated. This man, great in the eyes of the people, was not born and did not die like other
ordinary people. He was born by a girl from the village Vine, who conceived him by eating live fish
skobalja. He was killed for betraying his godmother but the Turks did not capture him alive, and it is
said that he flew on his horse. He built a city on the height above Vucje and the city bears his name.
In the valley of the Vucjanka River, he built a church and in 1930s a new church was built on its ruins,
dedicated to St. John, the endowment of the Teokarevic. It consists of Upper, Lower City and Subcity
area, and covers the area of about two hectares. Archaeological excavations were conducted in the
period between 1984 - 1990.
102
Spomen Park (Memorial Park)

represents a memorial complex on the
eastern side of Hisar hill established in
1971.
Picture 27. Spomen Park
The archeological site of Hisar in Leskovac is

situated at the end of the elongated slope, on the
border of the fertile valley of the river Jablanica and
Veternica, at an altitude of 310m. Due to its
favorable strategic position on the one hand and
gentle slopes in the middle of the fertile valley of
Leskovac on the other, it was inhabited from
prehistoric times to the present. A large number of
architectural and other objects was revealed, lots of
ceramic material, coins and a large number of
archaeological objects made of metal, glass, bone
and stone, documenting a seven-millennia-long life
Picture 28. Excavations in archeological site Hisar
on Hisar - or in Leskovac. The remains of the oldest
Spomen park
settlements date from the Middle and Late Neolithic. Hisar was inhabited during all periods of the
Metal Age: Copper, Middle Bronze Age and the Iron Age. The remains of the fort from the late antique
times - IV century AD and early Byzantine era - VI century AD, and the Serbian Middle Ages and the
Ottoman period were detected. In addition to the settlements and forts, parts of a necropolis from the
early Byzantine period and the Serbian Middle Ages - XII-XIII century were also discovered.
Site Gradac is located near the village of Zlokucane near Leskovac. It is located above the
confluence of the Jasunja River to the South Morava. Its natural hilly position served as a base for the
building of settlements on the widest flat plateau which has a slight decline to the northwest. The
material found here belongs to the Vinca-Plocnik stage (Late Neolithic) with lots of elements of the
Early Bronze Age of the South.
Halfway between Leskovac and Grdelica, in the
village of Mala Kopasnica, a Roman necropolis with tombs
of the cremated deceased was discovered. The necropolis
belonged to the settlement that lived in the second and the
early years of the third century. Luxury graves are the
evidence of great wealth of the settlements. Bronze coins,
ceramic dishes, jewelry made of glass paste and gold,
weapons, tools, etc, were found in all the graves. Gold
jewelry indicates a highly developed crafts of the region at
the time of the Roman Empire. It is believed that this
village was devastated in the sixth century AD.
In the village of Strojkovce near Leskovac, there is the first Textile Museum which is located in
an old mill. Special value is presented by a braid factory for making decorative braids for old Serbian
national costumes, whose machines were driven by the mill before the invention of electricity.
In the city center, there are several houses that are under state protection, and with a life
expectancy of more than 120 years. These are Sop Djokic's House, the House of Bora DimitrijevicPiksla, Tonkic Palace ...
Picture 29. Textile Museum in Strojkovce
Sop Djokic's House is 120 years old. This is a one-storey building with a porch above the
entrance. The ground floor of the building is almost without openings and half of its size is taken by a
103
basement. Floor of the house was well furnished, with ceiling carved in the largest room. The building
was restored and rebuilt in the same style in 1980.
House of Bora Dimitrijevic-Piksla, the old building of the National Museum, was built in the
nineteenth century. A single storey building, made in the Balkan style. Today, in this building, there is
a permanent ethnological exhibition of the National Museum, which depicts the interior of the houses
in Leskovac during the nineteenth century.
10.1
Number of visitors
Table 102. Number and structure of tourists and their overnight stays, 2011
City
Region
total
12.942
20.781
Number of
domestic
6.263
13.754
tourists
foreign
6.579
7.027
total
16.836
82.075
Number of
overnight
domestic
9.145
72.734
stays
foreign
7.691
9.341
Average
total
number of
domestic
1.4
5.3
overnight
foreign
stays
1.2
1.3
10.2
Serbia
2.068.610
1.304.443
764.167
6.644.738
5.001.684
1.643.054
3.8
2.2
Accommodation capacities
Table 103. Accommodation capacities, 2013

Number of
Destination
accommodation
Number of beds
facilities
Villa Mitic
1
40
Hotel Hajat S
1
129
Garni hotel Djermanovic
1
25
Hotel ABC
1
42
B&B restaurant Gros
1
130
B&B Perla
1
16
Motel Pobeda- Predejane
1
88
Hotel Pashas Fountain
1
94
TOTAL
8
564
Source: ALED, sector for local economic development, 2013
Picture 30. Hotel ABC
Capacity utilization
(%)
Picture 31. Hotel Hajat S
104
51
67
70
80
30
85
80
50
-
Picture 32. Villa Mitic
Picture 33. Hotel Pashas Fountain
Picture 34. Garni hotel Djermanovic
Picture 35. Motel Pobeda

Predejane
Picture 37. B&B restaurant Gros
11
Picture 38. B&B restaurant Park
Picture 36. B&B Perla
Picture 39. B&B Mimi
Life quality
11.1
Public contents and recreational programs
11.1.2
Sports contents
Leskovac has a long and rich sports tradition. Before World War I, sports activity was taking
place in shooting sports and through the work of Gymnastics Association "Dusan Silni and just
before World War I, precisely in 1914, the first football was brought to Leskovac.
The formation of football clubs was awaited until October 1919 and in the period between the
two world wars, the greatest teams were Momcilo, Josif Gajret and Dubocica, which in contrast to the
aforementioned clubs, lingered long after in 1945 and still proudlyl bears that name.
Apart from football, in the period of 1918-1941, equestrian sport existed, and Aero Club was
also formed. Other sports began to develop after World War II, so so HC Dubocica was formed in
1954, Sports Federation in 1958 and then the clubs and federations of other sports.
In the period of 1970-1990, the leading sports were football and handball, and they were
accompanied by numerous shooting associations, power-lifting sports, fencing and women's and
men's basketball, gymnastics, table tennis, boxing.
The organizational structure of Leskovac sport is based on the Sports Federation of the City as a
sports institution that encompasses all sporting institutions, organizations and clubs. Sports Federation
brings together 80 sports clubs and organizations and is the guiding principle of Leskovac sport.
105
City Football Federation brings together all football clubs and has 42 male and one female
team as its members. The most famous are FC "Dubocica 1923", FC "Moravac" Mrstane, SFC
"Moravac" Predejane, which compete in the sports league of the third rank in competition. There is
also FC "Sloga, which competes in Nis Football Zone, while the other clubs compete in Jablanica
Football League and the Municipal League.
There is also a women's football team FFC "Lemind Lavice" which competes in the first
Serbian
league.
Leskovac
football
has
city
stadium,
stadium
in
Vucje
Grdelica
and
Mrstane
and
about
40 grass fields.
halls.
Mountain Lodge on Kukavica is traditionally active and Leskovac got pitch courts and balloon
Picture 40. Volleyball
Picture 41. Basketball
Volleyball Federation started its work in the nineties. During this period, men's and
women's clubs were formed and they compete with variable results even today.
Special credit for the development of Leskovac basketball goes to Ivan Tometic-Spile, then
the players, and later sports workers Miljkovic Dragutin - Gute, Johnny Malovic, Slobodan Mitic, Goran
Vukadinovic, as well as many others. Women's basketball has twice competed in the national league.
Material support to the development of basketball was given by the company Zdravlje.
Handball, at the time of Yugoslavia, was the leading sport in the city - the flagship of
Leskovac and Serbian handball. Dubocica was a standard member of the First League, and many of its
players were known across Yugoslavia. The legend of Leskovac handball, Zoran - Zoka Cvetanovic,
was on the national team.
Chess sport existed through the CC "Dubocica" and "Electrician". The famous chess players
from that period were grandmasters Miroslav Markovic, youth world champion, and Oliver Prokopovic.
Martial arts - highlighting of this sport took place from 1970-1990 through the BK
"Dubocica", which was the member of the first league.
In the last decade of the previous century, kickboxing developed as a sports discipline, which
brought together a large number of fans of this sport. From this period, Leskovac got an amateur
champion of Europe, Bozidar Djermanovic, who is now the president of the Sports Federation of the
City of Leskovac and Vice President of the Kickboxing Association of Serbia. His successor is a young
and promising competitor Mihajlo Kecojevic.
Karate has a number of fans gathered in a large number of clubs that are organized through various
federations.
Judo clubs are very successful at working with young categories.
Power-lifting sport made its first steps in DTV "Partizan and then through the KDT
"Dubocica". Known names of this sport are Ljubisa Kocic, Aleksandar Djurovic, Milos Disic.
Athletics, in the form of a marathon runner Dobrivoje Stojanovic, long had its best
representative, and then talented Vladimir Savanovic appeared. Today, athletics exists through two
clubs.
ovi, prvi levo
In the first decade of the 21st century, swimming and water polo teams appeared which are
very successful at working with younger categories.
106
Swimming club "Leskovac" Leskovac was established in 2005. SC "Leskovac" took part in
25 competitions in 2012 in the country and abroad. Results of the competition at the state level are
the following: a total of 241 medals, out of which 81 - gold, 79 - silver and 81 - bronze.
Swimming club "Leskovac", for the second year in a row, organized the International
Swimming Competition, where more than 520 swimmers from Serbia, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Bosnia
and Herzegovina took part. The competition distributed
about 600 medals in 12 competitive categories, and the
organization got high marks by officials of the Swimming
Federation of Serbia. SC "Leskovac" is an active
participant and co-organizer of the competition at the
city level, of the review type (St Sava Cup) or school
competitions organized by the School Sports Association
of Serbia.
Table Tennis successfully exists for more than
Picture 43. Swimming Club Leskovac
half a century through TTC "Dubocica. The best results
were achieved in the the last decade of the 20th century
in the women's category. Female members of the club fought in 1995 for the title of the state
champion and were the second. The most successful competitor is Tanja Mancic, youth champion of
Europe and member of the Serbian national team, who is still active as a sports worker.
Rugby club "Morava Gepards" achieve remarkable results in the younger categories.
Special and important place in Leskovac sport is occupied by school sports through competitions that
take place in 10 sports. Around 5000 children annualy pass through these competitions. Implementer
of these activities is the Municipal Association for School Sports.
In Leskovac, there is a club for equestrian sport with extraordinary racing track and the Aero
Club Sasa Mitrovic" a well-known name in parachuting sports in the former Yugoslavia.
SRC Dubocica offers its users a large hall with more than 3,600 seats and a small hall, a bowling alley,
a shooting range, a large Olympic pool with two smaller pools where the training of non-swimmers
takes place, then 6 tennis courts and Fair Hall (Blue Pavilion).
SRC Dubocica offers its customers a large hall (over 3600 seats capacity) and a small hall, a
bowling alley and a swimming pool of Olympic proportions.
In Leskovac, there are several chess clubs, equestrian club with one of the best racing tracks in
Serbia, two weightlifting clubs, swimming, water polo and tennis club.
Martial arts clubs (BC "Dubocica", Kickboxing Club "Dubocica", Judo Club "Leskovac", KC
"Leskovac", KC "Bushido," Fencing Club "Dubocica", Karate Club "Ippon", Karate Club "Sensei"). From
all martial arts, boxing was the most popular until the 1990s. Then kickboxing takes precedence with
great Bozidar Djermanovic, who made a great professional career. In addition to these martial arts,
Leskovac also has judo and karate clubs.
Picture 44. Martial Arts
11.2
Picture 45. Mihajlo Kecojevic, European Junior Championship
Churches and monasteries
Saborna Church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity.

It was built in the period of 1921-1931, when it was
consecrated on the day of Nativity of the Virgin Mary on 21
September, with the presence of the highest church and
state dignitaries (the presence of King and Patriarch of
Serbian Orthodox Church). It was built by the model of
Gracanica.
107
Picture 46. Saborna

church
Odzaklija
foundations of
Authorities did
temple,
the
going to build
that they were
chimney on it.
Odzaklija (the
up
to
1963
Church was built in 1803 on the

the already existing temple. Since Turk
not permit the reconstruction of the
Serbs told the Turks that they were
the house for the priest. As evidence
building the house, they put the
That was how the church got the name
chimney house). The chimney existed
when it crumbled, while only the
fireplace remained in church. In the same year the roof also crumbled under the
weight of snow. The restoration was completely finished on 22 September 1992,
when the Bishop Irenaeus of Nis, with the assistance of priests, consecrated the
temple. In the church porch there is a rarity in orthodox world, the unique
example of architecture, and that is the old church which is dedicated to the
Nativity of the Holy Mother or to the Nativity of the Virgin Mary.
The Church of St Ilija is situated on the left side of Hisar. It was built
and consecrated for the occasion of the fifth hundred anniversary of the Battle of
Kosovo, in 1889, as the legend says, on the location of the medieval church. The
church was projected by Svetozar Ivackovic, and the Iconostasis was built by S.
Nikolic from Bitolj.
Picture 48. The Church of St Ilija
Picture 47. Interior of Odzaklija Church
The Church of St Petka in Rudare
The Church of St Petka is the oldest temple in the

region of Leskovac. Actually, it was Byzantine
Basilica from the V century. It was destroyed in the
attack of Ottoman Turks, and again reconstructed.
In that period, the monastery was established on
its basis. In the Austrian-Turkish War, at the beginning of XVIII century,
it was destroyed again. It was reconstructed in 1799. It is distinguished
by splendid frescos. There are two
Picture 49. The Church of St Petka in Rudare
layers. The first layer is from the
Medieval period, and the second
was painted after the temple`s restoration in 1815. It was also
destroyed in the attack of the Slavs in the middle of VII century,
at the time of Nemanjic Dynasty, and maybe before it was
reconstructed. Besides the temple, there is also a residence with
a two-floor construction built at the beginning of XIX century.
This is a real architectural masterpiece of its time.
Jasunja monasteries
Around twenty kilometers away from Leskovac, in the area of
Jasunja village, the only two monasteries in Jablanica Region are
situated the female monastery Holy Mother, which was built
by the nuns of Greek highborn and the male monastery of St
Jovan, built by Andronik Katakuzen with brothers. The
monasteries, which are surrounded by thick, vast forests, are
108
a monasteries
over 500 years old, and nobody can stay indifferent in front of frescos, painted on the outside walls of
the male monastery.
11.3
Local gathering centres
11.3.1 Libraries
National Library Radoje Domanovic
City Library was founded in 1869 and grew into a
large urban public library in 1935. At the beginning of the
1960s, it was named after our most famous satire writer
Radoje Domanovic who was our fellow citizen in the
period of 1896-1898. In parallel with the development of
the city, the library was also developing. Since 1960, its
located in 61 Bulevar Oslobodjenja. By the decision of
the Ministry of Culture, it was entrusted the functions of
the Central Library for Jablanica Region. In difficult
conditions, with the premises of inadequate standard and
with 11 local branches, it reached the top in some library
Picture 51. City Library
activities.
After the completion of audit in 2013, the Library has a total of 101400 monographs, total of
2774 volumes of periodicals and 63 volumes (626 pieces) of newspaper.
The library held the second "Cultural Workshop for Children in English Language" and two
more workshops are planned. Moderator of the workshops is a graduated librarian Suncica Zdravkovic.
Within the program "Image Among Books" an exhibition of paintings by Milica Micic and Bojana
Milovanovic was held. Accredited seminar for school librarians, teachers and tutors was opened on 13
February 2013, ZUOV/a, with the topic "Cooperation of school librarians and teachers in achieving
knowledge efficiency and effectiveness of students". Also, the library has a traditional literary evening
with preschool institution "Vukica Mitrovic" in Leskovac. Library Radoje Domanovic has won several
awards for achieved results, and the most important are:
Surep Award, the greatest award in librarianship;
October Award of the City of Leskovac.
11.3.2 Cultural centres
Leskovac Cultural Center began its work
in 1981 initially as a Cultural Youth Center "Zika Ilic
Zuti", then as Cultural Center Leskovac, and in 2002
it was named Leskovac Cultural Center.
The building of Leskovac Cultural Center is
a unique building protected by law. It is located in
the city center and consists of a complex of multipurpose rooms with a total area of 1180 m2: large
hall on the ground floor (suitable for concerts,
exhibitions, mini fairs, creative workshops,
shows...); Chamber Hall (cinema and theater hall
Slika 52. Kulturni centar
with a capacity of 160 seats), Gallery with about
300 m2 of exhibition space, Hall on the first floor
with about 60 seats (room for literary promotions, tribunes, commercial promotion, etc..); Painters'
studios and workshop of painting schoolsand comic schools in the attic space; Book Salon in the
annex building, basement with the size of 100m2, suitable for ballet school , dance workshops,
rehearsals and preparations of choirs and folklore ensembles ...
Leskovac Cultural Center implements the following programs: Art Programme, Literary and Debate
Program, Program of publishing magazines and books, Film program, Music program, Drama program,
Program for children and the young and Development program of cultural amateurism. In addition to
numerous guest art programs in all areas of culture, Leskovac Cultural Center is an implementer of
numerous traditional events and programs which go beyond local boundaries by its meaning and
duration: issuing of "Nase Stvaranje" (since 1953); Art Colony "Vlasina" (for nearly 40 years;
transformed into the City Art Colony 2 years ago), May Art Salon (since 1992, represents the
intersection of the finest art works by academic painters of Leskovac).
Book Salon (since 2003; selling of books on the stands in the large hall, with the supporting literary109
promotional programs).
Leskovac International Film Festival - LIFFE was established
in 2008 and is held every year in the period of October-November, and
organized by the Leskovac Cultural Center. The creators and founders of
the festival were: writer Sasa Stojanovic Charlie, editor of the film
program, Dragan Jovic, and graphic designer Jurica Dikic; since 2011,
artistic director has been a renowned Belgrade director, Darko Bajic.
In 2012, the festival is characterised as a parade of film directors
from ex-Yugoslavia.
In the past six festivals, guests were the prominent filmmakers from former Yugoslavia: Darko
Bajic, Goran Markovic, Ljubisa Samardzic, Danica Maksimovic, Radoslav Vladic, Misa Radivojevic, Miha
Hocevar, Vladimir Blazevski, Laza Ristovski, Tanja Boskovic, Slobodan Sijan, Ana Sofrenovic, Sergej
Trifunovic, Lordan Zafranovic, Rade Serbedzija and many others.
Zafranovic, Rade Serbedzija and many others.
THINK TANK TOWN festival of literature was established in 2007
and is held in the first week of October in the organization of the
magazine for Balkan THINK TANK. Creator of the festival is writer Sasa
Stojanovic, and co-workers are Jurica Dikic, Predrag Stankovic, Marko
Stojanovic, Sasa Nikolic and others.
In the previous seven festivals, guest were: Ljubomir Zivkov, Teofil
Pancic, Miljurko Vukadinovic, Milan Vlajcic (Belgrade), Zoran Ciric, Dejan
Stojiljkovi (Nis), Vladimir Kopicl (Novi Sad), Igor Mandic (Zagreb),
Stevan Tontic (Sarajevo), Goran Karanovic (Mostar), Nermin Sarajlic,
Venita Popovi, Zeljko Grahovac (Zenica), Milos Petkovic (Zajecar),
Predrag Z. Vajagic (Baka Palanka), Marketa Hejkalova (Prag) and many
others.
Leskovac Cultural Center is the organizer of the Conference
"Dialects and Dialect Literature" (a biennial event which started in 2006;
out of all the works presented at the conference, a magazine of "Dialects
and Dialect Literature" is printed every next year), Drama Studio
(regularly participates in the festivals of amateur theater in Serbia; it has
won numerous awards for acting, directing and play in general). As a coorganizer or technical support, Leskovac Cultural Center has participated
in the implementation of the Balkan Festival of Young Cartoonists, Days
of Nikolaj Timcenko, Leskovac Days of Music - LEDAMUS, masquerades
and carnivals within Leskovac Summer, the Museum Night and the Day
of the City. Leskovac Cultural Center collaborates with a number of cultural institutions in the city,
region and beyond.
Cnter for Economics of Households Dnic Vuksnovic
The main activity of the Centre for Economics is the promotion of the culture of nutrition,
clothing, housing and counseling for hygiene, care, face and body protection with aesthetic education
for cosmetics and demonstration-consumer center, work on improving individual and community
nutrition and through lectures, seminars on proper nutrition, seminars on the nutrition of pregnant
women, nursing mothers, infants and children, seminars for canning fruits and vegetables, diet
nutrition and exhibition of proper nutrition, vocational training of people for work and needs in
canteen facilities, issuance of certificates of completion of the course on proper nutrition.
11.3.3 Theatres
Ntional Theatre Lskovc - The main
activity of the National Theatre in Leskovac is
artistic-literary production and performing arts. The
beginnings of theatrical life in Leskovac date back
to 1896, when the Radoje Domanovic, then a
Grammar School teacher, formed a dilettante
society calling it "Civic Theatre Jug Bogdan". That
same year, the play "Battle of Kosovo" by Matija
Ban was performed. Theater troupe stopped
110
working in 1898, after the departure of Domanovic from Leskovac.

Theatre with a 112-year-long tradition is known for the event "Theater Marathon". Marathon has been
held since 2002. It was first introduced by Nenad Todorovic, the director at that time. In 2014, the
National Theater in Leskovac will be the host of theatre gathering "Joakim Vujic".
Picture 53. National Theatre
11.3.4
Museums
Picture 54. National Museum
Picture 55. Art Gallery
The National Museum was founded in Leskovac, on 2 May, 1948. Its aim is to collect, process,
preserve and exhibit museum materials related to the history of Leskovac area. The museum was
located in an adapted home of Bora Dimitrijevic Piksla until 10 May 1974, when the new building was
opened, when the right conditions for the development of museum activities were acquired. The
Museum is an institution of a complex type that consists of several departments: archeology, history,
art history, ethnology, conservation. Within the museum there is a permanent exhibition, gallery,
conference room for scientific meetings and reference
library
with over 14,000 titles.
The Museum also includes separate facilities::
City House
Textile Industry Museum in Strojkovce
Memorial House of Kosta Stamenkovic
Archeological site Justiniana Prima
Picture 56. National Museum in Leskovac
The National Museum is an institution that deals with museum activities and the collection,
protection and presentation of cultural and historical resources in order to complete comprehensive
and scientific study of the cultural and historical heritage of the region of Leskovac.
The National Museum occasionally organizes professional and scientific meetings, various
lectures and discussions. Since 1988, there has been a continuous biennial of scientific meeting called
"Cultural and Historical Heritage of Southeast Serbia". The museum annually holds several exhibitions
of various types, as well as book launches, literary evenings, concerts of classical music. Vocational
Library is open to all researchers of the Leskovac region past, and its educational function is also
important, which is expressed through cooperation with schools in the city and nearby villages.
11.4 Cultural activities (cultural events, celebrations, festivals,

parades, festivities, concerts)
11.4.1 Event calender
March
Book salon (fair event, in the last week of March, Leskovac, Leskovac Cultural Center)
International Guitar Festival organized by Music School Stanislav Binicki in Leskovac.
May
111
Museum Night in Leskovac

A few years ago, under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture, the National Museum of
Leskovac, Cultural Center, as well as more than 60 cities in Serbia hosted a "Museum Night". Only
during one night, cultural institutions in the city were visited by over 5,000 curious citizens of
Leskovac. In addition to the National Museum, other cultural institutions in the city took part in this
event. The very name "Museum Night" makes museum the one that brings together all cultural
institutions in the city of Leskovac.
The Night of Good Photography represents more virtual exhibitions of photographs by
eminent photographers, masters of photography from Serbia and abroad, as well as an exhibition of
photographs from the depot of Photo Club "Leskovac". The goal of this program is to familiarize
visitors with the domestic and international photography scene.
Museum Night at City House: sightseeing of permanent ethnological setting with a
professional guide and performance of classical music program of Chamber Orchestra Amorozo, the
Orchestra of Music School Stanislav Binicki, conductor Valentina Petrovic. Ethnomusicology
Department of Music School "Stanislav Binicki'' performs with selected - traditional songs from Serbia,
ethnological film - opening and presentation of ethnographic film in the evening.
Museum Night at Cultural Center: opening of the photo exhibition "Without Mask" of the
Museum of Theatrical Arts of Serbia, author Vukica Mikac. The exhibition included 30 photos of top
quality local actors, including Mira Stupica, Ljuba Tadic, Rade Markovic, Petar Kralj, Ruzica Sokic, Seka
Sablic and others.
Bladed weapons through the ages: the exhibition presented arms from prehistoric times
to the mid-twentieth century, then the original artifacts that were used by the people who lived in this
area since the time they first made guns that helped them catch the animal that would feed them up,
to the time when weapons was used to injure a man, destroy the city, enslave the people. It has
witnessed and participated in the ouster of civilizations, the demolition of settlements, killing of
people, but also for national defense, protection of the country, city and home.
May Art Salon - in the second half of the month of May, in Leskovac Cultural Center. May
Art Salon has existed since 1992 and represents the intersection of the finest art works by academic
painters of Leskovac.
June 2011
"Leskovac Summer
This is a traditional, multimedia open-air festival,

one of the longest events in the country that arouses
more and more attention each year by its content and
concept.
Picture 57. Participants of Leskovac Summer
Leskovac summer takes place in the ethno complex Sop Djokic in the city center, and starts with
the calendar beginning of summer and lasts until mid-July. The program is divided into three
segments.
The first segment consists of sports activities, such as: judo performance, karate, rollerblading,
cycling, motorcycling and tournaments in beach volleyball, beach football, street basketball ... The
second segment is children's program in which children represent their most successful achievements
in the fields of drama, music, literary and visual arts, and organized various games and entertainment.
For children of all ages, there are organized performances of popular ballet and theater shows from
other cities, followed by performances of dance groups, fashion shows, dog and pet shows, singing
and dancing competitions. The third part of Leskovac Summer consists of
fun art activities designed for adults, where we can see performances of
different artistic associations, cultural associations, choirs, pop, folk and
classical music orchestras, theatrical performances, literary readings,
exhibitions of books, paintings and flowers, film screenings...
Balkan Festival of Young Cartoonists

In June 2013, the fifteenth Festival was held with the organization
of Association of Comics and Written Word fans - Nikola Mitrovic
Kokan, the famous school of comics.
112
Leskovac Cultural Center provides full support to the organization and the leaders of school
and festival, Marko Stojanovic and Srdjan Nikolic Peka, have been successfully promoting our city for
years by winning prestigious awards at home and abroad.
Leskovac Days of Music LEDAMUS

This year, Leskovac Days of Music presented around 300
musicians from Bulgaria, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and
Herzegovina and Serbia and many concerts of classical, ethnic,
spiritual and jazz music were performed.
July 2013
Picture 58. Leskovac Carnival
Leskovac Carnival is a blend of tradition and modern Carnival trends. Carnival of Leskovac,
with the main international carnival parade, consists of children's carnival, big masquerade, carnival
ball with the choice of a Carnival Princess, carnival exhibitions, numerous additional programs and
concerts. The organizer of the carnival is the Tourist Organization of Leskovac, and patron is the City
of Leskovac. In 2011, the Carnival was attended by 37 carnival groups from Bulgaria, Macedonia,
Croatia, Slovenia, Romania and Montenegro, with about 2,000 participants.
August - September 2013
Grdelica Regatta
In Grdelica, known for its famous Grdelica gorge, Grdelica

Regatta has been held for 8 years in a row in the South Morava
River. In 2013, the race brought together about 500
participants from Grdelica, Nis, Leskovac, Vlasotince, Predejane
and other places in Southern Serbia. The race starts in
Predejane, and finishes in Grdelica. The path of the regatta
participants is ten kilometers long.
Grill Festival grill fair
Picture 63. Grdelica Regatta
113
Picture 66. Leskovac Grill Festival

Picture 64. Trademark of Grill Festival
Grill Festival is held every year in the second week of

September, for 20 years now. During seven days, the event is visited
by more than 500,000 visitors from Serbia and abroad, and that
makes it a top tourist event in Serbia. This event is followed by a
series of big events such as fireworks, making of the biggest burger
for the Guinness Book of World Records, the competition in the fast
eating of hot peppers, many concerts of famous artists, shows of
cultural-artistic associations in country and abroad.
Picture 69. The biggest burger
Art Colony Vlasina is held in the last week of August in Vlasina lake. It has been held for
almost 40 years, and 4 years ago it was transformed into the City Art Colony.
September
Picture 70. Watermill in Vucje
Picture 71. Watermill in Vucje
Watermill Days in Vucje is a side event during the course of Leskovac Grill Festival.
It was first organized in 2010 and has the potential to grow into an integral and inevitable
part of Leskovac Grill Festival together with other offers of Vucje area. Watermill in Vucje
represents one of the legacies of ancient times, natural beauty and God-given treasure. This
place is specific because there is a great number of mills in a small area, where only 5 of
them are currently working, but in the earlier period the number of the working ones was 15.
The goal of this event is to primarily draw attention to timeless values that have resisted the
ravages of time. During the event, local traditional dishes such as ajvar, home-made bread,
kacamak, home-made cheese, "proja" (corn bread) were exposed in front of each mill.
October
LIFFE, Leskovac International Film Festival (middle of October, Leskovac Cultural Center).
Since 2009, LIFFE has presented a competition-commercial event of films from ex-Yugoslavia.
December
The event "Days of Nikolaj Timcenko" is held in the last week of December in commemoration
of the great literary critic, philosopher and journalist from Leskovac.
Timchenko filled most of his work biography as an editor of the Leskovac weekly Nasa rec,
because he was at one time were forbidden to publish books and contribute to the paper. Therefore,
114
in his rich legacy, he left many valuable manuscripts, and one of the tasks of the Foundation "Nikolaj
Timcenko" would be their preservation and publication.
Calendar of Rural Events

Out of current events in the city which are related exclusively to the rural environment and
countryside, and have exceed local boundaries in recent years, we should mention:
PIHTIJADA in the village of Grabovnica, held in January

PEPPER DAYS in the village of Lokosnica, held in September
FARMER DAYS in the village of Nomanica, held in September
REGIONAL EXHIBITION OF COWS AND HEIFERS, in Leskovac, held in September
HONEY DAYS in Leskovac, held in October
POTATO DAYS in the village of Pecenjevce, held in October.
11.5 Entertainment and services

Leskovac is a very pleasant place for socializing and entertainment of all generations of fellow
citizens, as well as business and tourist visitors who stop by, recognizing it as a hospitable host. There
is a growing number of children's indoor and outdoor playgrounds and places for birthday celebrations
with mobiliards an amusement park, then shops and supermarkets, candy shops and restaurants,
hotels, guesthouses and hostels, discos, night clubs and casinos.
The right place for socializing in Leskovac are the gardens of different cafes that are filled to
the last seat during the whole day.
11.5.1
Playrooms for children
Picture 72. Childrens playroom
Picture 73. Childrens playroom
11.5.2 Shopping zones and retail centres
Trade is the most common sector of economy in each city. Leskovac has several shopping
centers: TC Most, TC South Block, TC North Block, TC ELU Center, Chinese Shopping Center and
several supermarkets: Zlatan Trag, Orion, ABC stores, Spin, Roda, Idea ...
Supermarkets
115
11.5.3 Patisseries
Leskovac offers a wide choice of coffee-patisseries suitable for family break and friendly chat
with a wide range of cookies, cakes, soft drinks... Among them, we should mention: "Sanjelli" (central
city park), "Milagro" (near Leskovac Cadastre), "Vardar" (near the main post office), "Minjon" (by the
river in the center), "Jadran" (in Svetozara Markovica Street), "Mediana" (the main street).
Picture 75. Patisserie Sanjeli

Picture 74. Patisserie-restaurant Sanjeli
Picture 76. Patisserie Minjon
11.5.4 Restaurants
For those who like to taste the local cuisine and widely known Leskovac grill, it can be done in
beautiful restaurants, such as: in the restaurant "ABC", then in restaurants, "Cap-Cap", "Princ",
"Zlatno Bure", "Nane" "Zajac", "Dale 11", "Ethno Cabin Gros", "Bebinac", "Koliba", "Gurman, etc.
Picture 77. Restaurant Cap-Cap
Picture 78. Restaurant ABC
Picture 80. Restaurant Princ
Picture 81. Restaurant Koliba
Picture 79. Ethno Cabin Gros
Picture 82.Restaurant Zlatno Bure
Picture 83. Restaurant Dale 11
Picture 84. Restaurant Zajac
Picture 85. Restaurant Gurman
116
Picture 86. Restaurant Bebinac
Picture 87. Restaurant Bavka
Picture 88. Restaurant Mladost
Nightlife offers a huge choice of places for young people to go out. There are discotheques,
nightclubs and cafes, restaurants with a large number of specialties, for which the city is widely
known, also, cinemas, summer gardens and more. All this makes the residents and visitors of the City
of Leskovac always happy and in a good mood.
Picture 89. Caf Safari
Picture 90. Discotheque Safir
Picture 91. Club Alexandar
Picture 92. Club Alexandar
City offers its residents and visitors two discotheques "ABC Safir" and "Alexandar".
Discotheque "ABC" receives more than 5 000 guests and is of a closed type, while "Alexandar" is out
in the open. In these facilities over the weekend, on Fridays and Saturdays, guests are the famous
names of Serbian music scene, as well as renowned DJs and performers, while there are also
organized drink promotions and events. Among other places, it is worth to mention cafe "Rupa" with
its garden and atmosphere for a relaxing afternoon.
Fans of rock music are usually in clubs "Vinus", "Apollo" and "Gruv". At weekends, these clubs
host rock bands from Leskovac and other cities. These clubs offer a good rock entertainment and fun.
In cafe bar "Picasso" there are organized karaoke parties on Tuesdays. With the spirit of competition
and karaoke parties, valuable prizes can be won.
Picture 94. Club Gruv

Picture 93. Club Apollo
117
Casinos and gambling houses and sports betting
12 Local development in relation to the regional and national

strategic documents
City of Leskovac participated in implementation of the following international programs:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
Program:
SSMIRP 1, donor: UNDP, WB

SSMIRP 2, donor: UNDP, WB
MIR 1, donors: EAR, UNDP
MIR 2, donors: EAR, UNDP
CRDA, donor: USAID
SLGRP, donor: USAID
SCOPES, donor: USAID
MEGA, donor: USAID
Agrobiznis, donor: USAID
Compete, donor: USAID
RSEDP, donor EAR
Exchange, donor EAR
Exchange 2, donor EAR
Neighbourhood program, donor EAR
City of Leskovac has direct experience in participatory process that involved stakeholders
and citizens in developing the following strategic documents:
Project: Strategy for Sustainable Development of Jablanica and Pcinja region, donor: UNDP
Project: Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Municipality of Leskovac, donor: UNDP
Project: Development Program of the Municipality of Leskovac 2004-2008, donor: UNDP
Project: Amendments to the Development Program of the Muncipality of Leskovac 2004-2008, donor:
UNDP
Project: Development Program of the City of Leskovac 2009-2013, donor MEGA program, USAID
Project : Strategy for Achieving Gender Equality in the City of Leskovac with the Action Plan 20132018, donor PBILD
City of Leskovac has so far completed and / or implemented the following plans:
2007
-
General Urban Plan of the Municipality of Leskovac up to 2010, developed and adopted in 1992
Amendments to the General Plan of the City of Leskovac up to 2010, created in March 2008
Local Environmental Action Plan, adopted in June 2005
Development Program of the Municipality of Leskovac 2004-2008, created in March 2004
Amendments to the Development Program of the Municipality of Leskovac, adopted on 9 May
Local Waste Management Plan 2011- 2020
Sustainable Development Strategy 2010-2019
Spatial Plan
118

Community Profile Leskovac

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Community Profile Leskovac

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Profile

Profile of the City of Leskovac

Ivanovic, R. And others. 2007.

Picture 1. Jablanica Region

Geographical position (location)

Picture 2.Geographical position of Leskovac

Table 2. General informatio about settlements and cadaster municipalities, 2013.

Picture 3. Leskovac view

Table 4. List of settlements and belonging cadastral municipalities, 2013.

Table 5. List of local communities, 2013.

Assembly decision on establishment of local communities 2013

Maximum temperature: 43.7 oC

Date of the maximum temperature:

Minimum temperature: -30.3 oC

Date of the minimum temperature:

Maximum precipitation: 92.0 mm

Date of the maximum precipitation:

Maximum snow: 124 cm

Date of the maximum snow: January

Picture 4. Winter in Leskovac

Table 6. Climate indicators.4

Share in the total number of

History, tradition and cultural heritage

Picture 5. Hisar bridge,1889.

By the end of the 18th century, Leskovac was

Occupation of Leskovac area by Austro Hungary,

Picture 7. Postcard of Leskovac

Picture 8. Main street

Picture 9. Sop-Djokic House

Picture 11. The South Morava River

Flora and Fauna

Picture 13. Grdelica gorge

Babicka gora hillsides

Canyon of the Vucjanka River

Picture 14. The Vucjanka

Picture 15. Kukavica

(Penev, Marinkovic, 2012).

Table 9. Comparative population statistics, Census data 2011.

Table 10. Estimated population in the period 2005-2011.

Population by the type of settlement

Table 11. Structure of population by the type of settlement, 2011.

Table 12. Vital events, 2011.

Population by marital status

Age structure of population

Table 16. Structure of population by age and gender, 2011.

Share in the total number of

Table 17. Structure of population by basic categories, 2011.

Table 18. Age indicators of the population, 2011.

Gender structure of population

Table 19. Gender structure of population, 2011.

Ethnic structure of population

Table 20. Structure of population by ethnic or national affiliation, 2011.

Religious structure of population

Table 21. Religious structure of population, 2011.

Mother tongue structure of population

Table 22. Mother tongue structure of population, 2011.

4.10 Population by work-ability

Share in the total

Share in the total

Table 24. Population structure by economic inactivity and gender, 2011.

Share in the total

Share in the total

4.11 Educational structure of population

Table 26. Population aged 10 + by gender, and illiterate by age, 2011.