Pengertian Gerund

Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja -ing ketika digunakan sebagai kata benda .
a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.
b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.
a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.

Gerund sebagai subjek

Learning foreign languages is hard work
Swimming is hobby

Gerund sebagai objek

Some people dont like flying
He enjoys reading novel
I finish writing letter

Gerund sebagai propositional phrase

He is good at singing
Ths land is good for farming

Gerund sebagai complement

My fathers favourite sport is playing football
Her hobby is telling story

Gerund sebagai noun modifier

The waiting room is very large
The reading books are on the table

Gerund sebagai larangan

No smoking,
No parking,
No swimming.
b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.
Karena Gerund adalah bagian kata kerja, ia dapat menggunakan objek di belakangnya. Misalnya :
e) Objek langsung (dengan transitif) :

He is clever at teaching mathematics = Ia pandai dalam mengajarkan matematika.

f) Objek Tak Langsung (dengan transitif)

He is clever at teaching us mathematics = Ia pandai dalam mengajarkan matematika

kepada kami.

g) Objek yang tetap dipertahankan dalam kalimat pasif (Retained object)

She is pleased at being taught mathematics = Ia senang sekali terhadap matematika

yang diajarkan kepadanya.
h) Objek yang artinya mirip dengan kata kerja itu sendiri = cognate object (dengan intransitif)

She is proud of having sung a fine song = Ia bangga akan nyanyian merdu yang telah ia
nyanyikan.
i) Objek refleksif (dengan intransitif)

She is in the habit of oversleeping herself = Kebiasaannya sendiri bangun kesiangan

(tidur terlalu lama)

The Infinitive with to

after:

the first

Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship.

the last

Peter was the last to watch the film.

the next

He is the next to get his passport.

Im happy to be here.
after:

adjectives

Its better not to smoke.

certain verbs
(agree, choose,
forget, hope,
learn, promise,
after:

regret, want, )

I learn to drive a car.

I dont know what to say.

after:

question words

Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?

after:

want/would like

I want you to help me.

verb + object + toinfinitive

I helped my dad to clean the car.

The Infinitive without to

after auxiliaries/modals
can

He can run very fast.

could

As a boy he could run very fast.

may

I may fly to Africa this summer.

might

I might fly to Africa this summer.

must

I must go now.

mustnt

You mustnt smoke here.

neednt

You neednt go.

shall

We shall sing a song.

should

We should sing a song.

will

She will cook a meal for his birthday.

would

She would cook a meal for his birthday.

after to do
do

I dont know.

after the following expressions:

had better

You had better clean up your room.

would rather

Susan would rather study for her exam tomorrow.

would sooner

I would sooner read a book than watch this film.

why not

Why not ask your neighbour for help?

why should we

Why should we go by car?

why should we not

Why should we not go by car?

after verbs of perception + object (action has

finished):
feel

She feels the rain fall on her face.

hear

I heard Peter sing a song.

notice

Mandy noticed the boy climb the tree.

see

They saw him climb up the roof.

watch

He watched the thieves steal a car.

after let + object:

Sandy let her child go out alone.
let

Mother let her daughter decide on her own.

lets

Lets go for a walk through the park.

after make + object:

make

She made Peggy and Samantha clean the room

GERUND
Gerund adalah sebuah bentuk ing pada sebuah verb yang dibendakan (digunakan
sebagai benda). Gerund ini penggunaannya seperti benda (noun). Fungsinya ada
beberapa:
1. Sebagai subjek. Eg : Writing is very much good.
2. Sebagai objek yang mengikuti kata kerja. Eg: I like writing very much
3. Sebagai objek yang mengikuti kata depan. Eg : Im interested in writing.
4. Mengikuti kata go untuk verb-verb tertentu. Eg : Chris went swimming the day
before yesterday.
5. Mengikuti expressions. Eg : She is lying on the bed watching TV.
6. Mengikuti prepositional object, seperti : to be used to, to be accustomed to, object
to, look forward to, to take to, confess to. Eg : I object to doing that, Emile confess
to stealing that cheese.
7. Membentuk noun phrase (frasa berupa kata benda). Eg : reading book, lying egg,
boiling water, boring Dave, dll.
INFINITIVES
Infinitives adalah bentuk to yang ditambahkan pada kata kerja. Fungsinya:
1. Sebagai subjek. Eg : To sing is hard for a person like me.
2. Menerangkan tujuan. Eg : Simon comes here just to see you. (prikitiuw, wkwkwk)
3. Untuk kalimat passive. Eg : I was told to be mature.
4. Setelah objek pelaku. Eg : Brian asked me to listen to him closely. Christine get
Theo not to run away from home.
PERBEDAAN GERUND DAN INFINITIVE
Mengikuti verb tertentu yang berbeda

Verbs yang diikuti gerund: avoid, admit, appreciate, anticipate, continue, deny,
detest, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, forgive, fancy, keep, mind, postpone, prevent,
risk, resist.

Sedangkan, verb yang diikuti infinitive : ask, allow, advice, beg, decide, expect,
hope, intend, invite, instruct, learn, mean, need, purpose, promise, permit, want,
warn, would like, tell, teach, urge.
Dalam hal Prepositional Object: (To be) used to

Bila dalam infinitive, misalnya : I used to cry every night. Maka itu kebiasaan
lama, si I sudah ga nangis tiap malam lagi. ^^

Sedangkan dalam gerund, misalnya : Im used to crying every night. Maka

itu kebiasaan sampe sekarang, si I sampai sekarang masih suka nangis tiap
malam. @.@
Perhatikan bahwa untuk gerund kita pake to be, sedangkan untuk infinitive tidak.
Perbedaan Makna
Ada kata kerja yang bisa diikuti ing (gerund) atau diawali to (infinitive) yang tidak
berbeda makna (jadi bisa bebas kita gunakan). Yaitu : advise, begin, continue,
dislike, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start. Namun ada kata yang bila
digunakan dalam bentuk gerund akan berbeda makna dengan yang dalam bentuk
infinitive, yaitu forget, remember, stop, regret. Contoh :

I forget cooking a bowl soup for you (si I lupa kalau dia sudah memasak sup
untuk you)

I forget to cook a bowl soup for you (si I lupa, dan belum memasak sup untuk
you)
The chef stops cooking (si chef berhenti masak)
The chef stops to cook (si chef berhenti untuk memasak)