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Management Faculty Articles and Papers
Management
1-1-2004
Ethlyn A. Williams
Florida Atlantic University
Recommended Citation
Castro, Stephanie L.; Scandura, Terri A. PhD; and Williams, Ethlyn A., "Validity of Scandura and Ragins' (1993) Multidimensional
Mentoring Measure: An Evaluation and Refinement" (2004). Management Faculty Articles and Papers. Paper 7.
http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/management_articles/7
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A previous version of this paper was presented at the Southern Management Association
Meetings, San Antonio, Texas, 2004.
We would like to thank Chet Schriesheim for his constructive comments on an earlier draft.
Abstract
Keywords: Measurement design, reliability and validity, survey research, construct validity,
mentoring
The analyses were also conducted using the full 33-item measure, and the results are
not substantially different from the analyses with the 27-item measure. The results are available
from the first author upon request.
2
The third logical two factor model (with career support and psychosocial support
loading on one factor and role modeling on the second) was not tested due to theoretical
considerations. Kram (1985) hypothesized two dimensions, career support and psychosocial
support, with role modeling a subdimension of psychosocial support. Yet the correlation in the
Study 2 data indicated that role modeling was more strongly related to career support. Thus,
Models 2a and 2b were tested to allow evaluation of whether role modeling is better viewed as a
subdimension of career support or psychosocial support. Comparison with the three factor model
then allowed determination of whether two or three factors best represented the data.
.68
.10
-.09
.55
.01
.13
.69
.04
-.06
.65
-.02
.05
-.14
-.03
.07
-.67
-.03
.01
-.66
-.06
.09
-.67
-.06
-.03
-.67
.10
-.01
-.56
.02
-.13
-.01
.65
-.05
-.17
.47
.23
.15
.57
510.35
90
0.083
0.73
0.77
0.77
0.80
.16
(.15 ; .17)
2a
363.98
89
0.072
0.81
0.84
0.83
0.87
.12
(.11 ; .14)
2b
422.77
89
0.077
0.77
0.81
0.81
0.84
.15
(.14 ; .16)
3
297.82
87
0.067
0.84 0.88 0.86 0.90
.11
(.10 ; .12)
___________________________________________________________________________
Note. Model 2a allowed the role modeling items to load on the career support factor; model 2b allowed the role modeling items to
load on the psychosocial support factor. SRMSR = standardized root mean square residual; GFI = goodness of fit index; TLI =
Tucker-Lewis Index; NFI = normed fit index; CFI = comparative fit index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation.
Mentoring Measures 32
Table 3
Completely Standardized Factor Loadings for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the
15-Item Measure
______________________________________________________________________________
Factor Loadings
Error Variance
.72
.49
.71
.50
.69
.52
.73
.47
.71
.49
.77
.40
.77
.40
.72
.48
.87
.25
.80
.36
.63
.60
Mentoring Measures 33
Table 3 Continued
Factor Loadings
Error Variance
.71
.49
.88
.23
.58
.67
Mentoring Measures 34
Table 4
Average Variance and Disattentuated Correlations for Scandura and Ragins 15-Item
Measure
___________________________________________________________________________
vc()
Factor Intercorrelations (Phi Matrix)
___________________________________________________________________________
1
Career Support
.52
1.00
Psychosocial Support
.58
.74
1.00
Role Modeling
.56
.83
.74
1.00
___________________________________________________________________________
Note. Correlations are statistically significant (p < .001).
Mentoring Measures 35
Table 5
Fit Statistics for Alternative Theoretical Models for the MFQ-9 Measure
_____________________________________________________________________________
Confidence
Factors Study 2
df SRMSR GFI TLI NFI CFI RMSEA
Interval
_____________________________________________________________________________
1
2a
2b
243.08
27
0.086
.80
.72
.77
.79
.19
(.17 ; .21)
501.54
27
0.090
.86
.58
.67
.68
.16
(.15 ; .17)
134.12
26
0.068
.88
.86
.88
.90
.14
(.12 ; .16)
276.48
26
0.068
.92
.77
.82
.82
.12
(.11 ; .13)
211.20
26
0.082
.82
.75
.80
.82
.19
(.17 ; .21)
298.05
26
0.077
.91
.75
.80
.82
.12
(.11 ; .13)
79.30
24
0.046
.92
.93
.94
.95
.11
(.08 ; .13)
3
61.07 24 0.031
.98 .96 .96 .98 .04
(.03 ; .06)
____________________________________________________________________________
Note. Model 2a allowed the role modeling items to load on the career support factor; model 2b
allowed the role modeling items to load on the psychosocial support factor. SRMSR =
standardized root mean square residual; GFI = goodness of fit index; TLI = Tucker-Lewis Index;
NFI = normed fit index; CFI = comparative fit index; RMSEA = root mean square error of
approximation.
Mentoring Measures 36
Table 6
Completely Standardized Factor Loadings for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the MFQ-9
Measure
______________________________________________________________________________
Factor Loadings
Error Variance
.69(.68)
.52(.53)
.75(.45)
.44(.80)
.84(.81)
.30(.34)
.74(.71)
.46(.49)
.86(.79)
.27(.38)
.83(.73)
.32(.47)
Role Modeling
12. I try to model my behavior after my mentor.
.73(.58) .47(.66)
.89(.73) .21(.45)
Mentoring Measures 37
Table 7
Average Variance and Disattentuated Correlations for the MFQ-9 Measure
______________________________________________________________________________
vc()
Factor Intercorrelations (Phi Matrix)
______________________________________________________________________________
1
Career Support
.58(.44)
1.00
Psychosocial Support
.65(.55)
.76(.54)
1.00
Role Modeling
.63(.44)
.78(.42)
.80(.50)
1.00
______________________________________________________________________________
Note. Estimates from Study 3 are in parentheses. Correlations are statistically significant (p <
.001).
Mentoring Measures 38
Table 8
Hierarchical Regression Results for the MFQ-9 Measure and Ragins and
McFarlins 27-Item Measure
______________________________________________________________________________
Dependent Variable,
Step, and
Variable
Entered
.22**
.05**
R2
Job Satisfaction
1. MFQ-9
.19
--
.18*
.04
.03*
--
2. MFQ-9
-.19
.05*
.02
______________________________________________________________________________
Commitment
1. MFQ-9
.14
.10
.02
--
.13
.06
.02
--
2. MFQ-9
-.10
.02
.00
______________________________________________________________________________
Anxiety
1. MFQ-9
.03
.18
.00
--
-.07
-.20
.01
--
2. MFQ-9
-.18
.02
.01
______________________________________________________________________________
Mentoring Measures 39
Table 9
Correlations of Mentoring Measures and Subdimensions with Other Variables (Study 2)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Variable
Mean SD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. 15-item measure
3.52
.83 (.93)
2. MFQ-9
3.52
.91
.94** (.91)
3. Career supporta
3.69
.94
4. Psychosocial supporta
3.26
1.08
5. Role modelinga
3.60
1.04
6. Ragins/McFarlinb
5.16
1.19
7. Job satisfaction
3.62
.74
.15
.26** .18*
(.86)
8. Commitment
3.35
.69
.20*
.14
.13
.06
.19*
.14
.51** (.85)
9. Anxiety
2.47
.53
-.01
.03
-.05
.11
.01
-.07
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Note. Coefficient alpha reliabilities are on the diagonal in parentheses. N = 160.
a
Ragins and McFarlins 27-item measure of mentoring (excluding the social and parent scales)