NAME: JASTINE MAE F.

ESPINAS
COURSE TITLE:

DATE: JUNE 29, 2015

STATISTICAL METHOD

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

1. WHAT ARE THE FOUR (4) LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT?

a. Nominal - Nominal data have no order and thus only gives names or labels to
various categories.
b. Ordinal - Ordinal data have order, but the interval between measurements is
not meaningful.
c. Interval -Interval data have meaningful intervals between measurements, but
there is no true starting point (zero).
d. Ratio -Ratio data have the highest level of measurement. Ratios between
measurements as well as intervals are meaningful because there is a starting
point (zero).
2. SOURCES OF DATA
a. Primary Data original data that has been collected specially for the purpose
in mind. It means someone collected the data from the original source first
hand.
b. Secondary Data data that has been already collected by and readily
available from other sources.
3. DIFFERENTIATE DATA FROM VARIABLE
a. A variable is some characteristic of a population or sample while data are the
observed values of a random variable.
4. METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA
a. Observation Method -is a method under which data from the field is collected
with the help of observation by the observer or by personally going to the field.
b. Interview Method it involves presentation or oral-verbal stimuli and reply in
terms of oral-verbal responses.
c. Questionnaire Method is mailed to respondents who are expected to read and
understand the questions and write down the reply in the space meant for the
purpose in the questionnaire itself.
d. Schedule Method one of the important for the study of social problems.
-schedules is like questionnaire, but it filled by enumerator.
Enumerators are specially appointed for filling questionnaires.

Enumerators explain the aim and objective to respondent and fill

the answers in provided space.
-In the words of Thomas Carson Macormic, The schedule is
nothing more than a list of questions which it seems necessary to
test the hypothesis.
e. Case Study Method it is essentially an intensive investigation of the particular
unit under consideration. Its important characteristics are:
The researcher can take one single social unit or more of such
units for his study purpose.
The selected unit is studied intensively i.e it is studied in minute
details.
f. Survey Method One of the common methods of diagnosing and solving of
social problems is that of undertaking surveys.
g. Panel Method in this method data is collected from the same sample
respondents at the some interval either by mail or by personal interview. This is
used for studies on:
Expenditure Pattern
Consumer Behaviour
Effectiveness of Advertising
Voting behaviour and so on
5. METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
a. Textual Method data can be presented using paragraphs or sentences. It
involves enumerating important characteristics, emphasizing significant
figures and identifying important features of data.
b. Tabular Method is the clear organization of data into rows and columns to
facilitate communication. Tables can clearly convey large amounts of
information that would be cumbersome to write in paragraph form.
c. Graphical Method -is the visual display of data using plots and charts. It is
used in many academic and professional disciplines but most widely so in the
fields of mathematics, medicine and the sciences.
-visual display of data and statistical results. It is often more effective than
presenting data in tabular form.

6. ENUMERATE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

a. Bernoulli sampling - is where independent Bernoulli trials on population
elements determine whether the element becomes part of the sample. All
population elements have an equal probability of being included in each selection

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

of a single sample. The sample sizes in Bernoulli samples follow a binomial

distribution.
Poisson sampling -is less common. Each population member being sampled is
given an independent Bernoulli trial to determine if the element is included in the
sample.
Cluster sampling - divides the population into groups (clusters). A random
sample is then selected from the clusters. Its used when researchers dont know
the individuals in a population but they do know which groups are in a population.
Systematic sampling- elements are selected for a sample from an ordered
sampling frame. A sampling frame is just a list of participants that you want to get
a sample from. One type of systematic sampling is the equal-probability method
where an element is selected from a list and then every kth element is selected
using the equation k = N\n where n is the sample size and N is the size of the
population.
Simple random sampling- is where a sample is chosen completely randomly so
that each element has the same probability of being chosen as any other
element and each subset of elements has the same probability of being chosen
as any other subset of k elements.
Stratified sampling - each subpopulation is sampled independently. The
population is first divided into homogeneous subgroups before sampling and
each population member only belongs to one group. Simple random sampling or
systematic sampling is applied within each group to choose the sample.

7. BRING ATLEAST 2 METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA