Table of Contents

Background................................................................................................................ 1
Analysis on the Results of Each Interview..................................................................2
Theory of Intelligence Interview Reports....................................................................6
Cognitive Development Interview Reports.................................................................9
Moral Development Interview Reports......................................................................13
Parenting and Discipline Interview Reports..............................................................19

Analysis on the Results of Each Interview

5

Background
The series of interviews are conducted in order to gather ideas from randomly
selected persons about their different views on topics discussed in the course Child
and Adolescent Psychology. After each interview, an interview report was created for
record keeping purposes. These interview reports are compiled in this document
together with the analysis of the author.
There were four core topics that were used in the interview. All questions
revolve around them. The core topics are the following:
Theory of Intelligence,
Cognitive Development,
Moral Development, and
Parenting and Discipline
For the topic Theory of Intelligence, there were two teachers that were
interviewed. One was an elementary teacher and the other was a high school
teacher. The requirements of the interview were the following:
Ask them how they know that a student/pupil is intelligent. Ask them about
the characteristics of an intelligent pupil/student.
Ask them of their opinion whether the learners intelligence could be
enhanced or not by means of teaching.
Analyze and comment on their answers in the light of the Theories of
Intelligence.
There were also two interviewees that were interviewed for the topic
Cognitive Development. These interviewees were elementary and high school
students. The requirements of the interview were the following:
Ask them of what they do so that they will learn their lesson. Let them give
you maybe 3 ideas of what they do.
Are the answers of those you interview similar or different from your ideas, if
you were asked of the same question? Comment.
Moral Development was a topic which the author considered to be very
interesting. The requirements of this interview were the following:
Interview, at least, 4 College students: 2 men and 2 women of their views of
untimely pregnancies. Write their responses one by one but no need to write
their real name, only alias.
Analyze the responses of your interviewees in the light of Kohlbergs Moral
Development Theory.
The last topic was Parenting and Discipline. The following were the
requirements of the interview:
Interview, at least, two parents about their parenting/discipline style or
approach. Write their responses.
Analyze their responses in relation to Baumrinds parenting style.

Field Study 2: Child and Adolescent Psychology

San Isidro College

Analysis on the Results of Each Interview

5

Analysis on the Results of Each Interview

Below are my analysis on the series of interviews I have conducted on the randomly
selected respondents. I would like to stress that these interviews are not enough to
provide a generalization as that the number of interviewees are statistically
insufficient to do so. However, there are statements written as if they are true to all
population for linguistic purposes only.
A. On Theory of Intelligence
1

In the interview of an elementary teacher coming from a private school, I

found out that she gives more weight on performance in gauging the
intelligence of her students. She does not rely only to questioning because
she believes on the theory of multiple intelligences of Gardner. She applies
different activities in her classes and through these activities she was able to
realize that the classes she handles have students with diverse intelligences.
When she was asked about the characteristics of an intelligent student,
she just simply replied with the ability to answer questions correctly and the
ability to perform tasks with ease and beyond normal for the students age.
In my interview with a public high school teacher, I found out that he
gives more weight on the ability of the students to correctly respond to
questions and instructions than on performance in determining students
intelligence. He also defined intelligent students with characteristics such as
curious, open-minded, and critical thinkers.
Both teachers believed that teaching can enhance learners
intelligence. The elementary teacher said that teachers can enhance it
through tapping the areas in the brain that are not used through providing
stimuli. On the other hand, high school teacher said that teachers can
enhance it through providing a venue for learning and the value of learning
and how to learn.
ANALYSIS:
Elementary teachers are more focused in developing and discovering the
different intelligences that a student may have. As to the theory of multiple
intelligences authored by Howard Gardner, there are nine sets of
intelligences. With that focused, it can be assumed that these teachers have
varied teaching styles and that their pupils may experience more fun during
their elementary learning journey. Since there is this strong belief in multiple
intelligences among elementary teachers, it can also be assumed that their
grading system has changed from the traditional grading system which only
caters the linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial intelligences.
High school teachers also believed in multiple intelligences, however,
their focus is different. It can even be said that they are more on successful
1 Analyze and comment on their answers in the light of the Theories of Intelligence.
Field Study 2: Child and Adolescent Psychology

San Isidro College

Analysis on the Results of Each Interview

5
intelligence theory supporters. Their focus is more on developing the
analytical thinking skills of the students. Based on the answers of the
respondent, high school teachers have only limited teaching styles since the
intelligence they want to develop is very limited. Their grading system is
traditional.
C OMMENT :

In my analysis, there is a difference in belief on students intelligences.

Elementary teachers believe more on multiple intelligences while the
high school teachers give more weight on successful intelligence
theory. If this is really true to all teachers in elementary and high
school, I guess there would be problem for pupils who will go in high
school, especially those students who are having no or minor
intelligences on linguistic, logical-mathematical, and visual spatial.
Most likely, these type of students will not excel in high school.

B. On Cognitive Development
2

I found some of the answers of those students whom I had

interviewed similar to my own answers if I will be asked of the same
questions. It is true that I would listen very carefully to my teachers during
class discussions. Listening carefully, for me, would allow me to think
critically about the lessons and ask questions to my teachers for more
knowledge and clarifications. I also like to take notes on the discussions
because I dont like to read books. I only want to read those paragraphs or
lines in the paragraphs which I perceived to be the most important to
read. Lastly, I want to practice what I learned in order to remember them.
I usually do this for subjects like Math, P.E., Programming, Chemistry, and
Electronics.
C. On Moral Development
ANALYSIS:
3

Based on the data that I gathered, I can say that those students who are
members of religious organizations like Youth for Christ and Catechists are
more likely in the Level 2 of Moral Development by Kohlberg. The males are
more on the Stage 3 which is the Good boy morality, while the females are
more on Stage 4 which is Authority and Morality that Maintain the Social
Order.
The answers coming from an interview who is living in USA for several years
already suggest that her moral development stage is in Stage 5 or Morality of
Contract: Individual Rights, and Democratically Accepted Law. She believes
that untimely pregnancy is not immoral because it is only the result of an act
2 Question/Requirement: Are the answers of those you interview similar or different
from your ideas, if you were asked of the same question? Comment.
3 Analyze the responses of your interviewees in the light of Kohlbergs Moral
Development Theory.
Field Study 2: Child and Adolescent Psychology

San Isidro College

Analysis on the Results of Each Interview

5
which could either be moral or immoral. She does not even think that
premarital sex is an issue which gives an impression that it is a right for every
people to engage it or not. What she thinks that is immoral is the killing of an
unborn child.

D. On Parenting and Discipline

O N THE FIRST PARENT
4

The first parent who was interviewed is a working mom with an unstable
married life. According to her, it is hard to raise her children because of
poverty and irresponsible husband. Even though she was able to set
standards in their home, especially on scholastic performance. She was also
consistent to her standards as she thinks that these could help her children to
have a better life. She also set house rules in their home like no vices
(smoking and drinking) and never to come home very late. She applies
corporal punishments to her children if ever they violate her rules. However,
she always make sure that she explains to them why they are punished.
In terms of control, she said that she has more control to her daughter than
to her son. Her son is heavily influenced by his peers and has witnessed the
negative attitudes of his father. The last reason could be the real reason to
the rebellious attitude of her son.
She defined support in to two, monetary support and nonmonetary
support. When it comes to monetary support, she barely has it as that they
are really poor. However, she does everything in order to provide her children
with their needs. All that she can really give is the nonmonetary support.
According to her, she would do anything just to be always there to her
children in times of need. She had even left her job when she learned that her
son has a problem in school.
When it comes to training her children to become independent, she
said that she really trains them to become independent so that when the
time comes that they have to live on their own, they can survive.
ANALYSIS:
Based on the facts gathered from the first parent, I could say that she raised
her children following mostly the authoritative way of parenting and
discipline. I was able to say this since, based on facts, she gives emphasis on
developing the independence and self-reliance attitudes to her children. She
also keeps an open communication to her children and practices the giving of
reasons when inculcating discipline to her children.
The most important thing that I learned in this interview is the
experience coming from a real person that says that there is no absolute
4 Analyze their responses in relation to Baumrinds parenting style.
Field Study 2: Child and Adolescent Psychology

San Isidro College

Analysis on the Results of Each Interview

5
correct parenting style in raising children. When I knew about authoritative
parenting, I thought it is really the best parenting style. However, in the case
of the first parent, it shows that there are some things which parents really
have little control of and perhaps cannot control; and it shows in the hardly
manageable behavior of her son in spite of a sound parenting style.

O N THE SECOND PARENT

The second parent whom I interviewed was a working mom also, however,
she has a more stable job compared to the parent mentioned earlier. Aside
from that, she has also a good flowing relationship with her partner who has
also a more stable source of income as an LGU 5 worker. However, the second
parent is not married. She and her partner is in Live-In for about five years
already. She has only one child who is mostly under the care of a hired nanny
for she and her partner are working. She left her son under the care of her
partner in Quezon, Bukidnon, while she works most of the days in a week in
Cagayan de Oro City.
In raising their son, she said that the disciplinarian is her partner. The set
rules in their house which she believes that her partner is very consistent of
when she is not around at home. She said that she is usually the lenient
parent in disciplining the child between them.
Based on her answers to my questions, I can say that she and her
partner are loving parents to their child. In terms of support, she said that
they are really going to provide it as much as they can as a couple. However,
due to their job, she admits that they, especially her, have really less control
over their child.
ANALYSIS:
With the data gathered from the second parents, I can say that they are
practicing indulgent type of parenting and discipline. They are affectionate,
loving, warm, and nurturing, however, they only have little supervision to
their son. They are also at time inconsistent with the disciplining because of
the idea of making up with the lost time with him.

5 Local Government Unit

Field Study 2: Child and Adolescent Psychology

San Isidro College