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2.
Definition of Terms
2.1 Medium Frequency Broadcast Station
An AM Broadcast Station licensed for aural or sound
transmissions intended for direct reception by the general public and
operated on a channel in the Medium Frequency band.
2.2 Medium Frequency Broadcast Band
The band of frequencies from 526.5 to 1705 kilohertz.
2.3 Medium Frequency Broadcast Channel
The band of frequencies occupied by the carrier and two (2)
sidebands of an AM Broadcast signal with the carrier frequency at the center.
Channels shall be designated by the assigned carrier frequencies starting
from 531 kHz in increments of 9 kHz.
2.4 Carrier Wave
A sinusoidal voltage or current generated in a transmitter and
subsequently modulated by a modulating wave.
2.5 Carrier Frequency
The frequency of the carrier wave. 2.6 Operating Frequency
The carrier frequency at any particular time.
2.7 Authorized Frequency
The carrier frequency authorized by the Authority.
2.8 Hertz
The term "Hertz" abbreviated "Hz", is used as a unit of
frequency, supplanting the term "cycle per second" (cps).
2.9 Percentage Modulation (Amplitude)
In a positive direction:
M=
(MAX-C)100
C
In a negative direction:
(MIN-C)100
M=
C
Where:
M modulation level in percent
MAX instantaneous maximum level of the modulated radio
frequency envelope
576
71
1161
585
72
1170
594
73
1179
603
74
1188
10
612
75
1197
11
621
76
1206
12
630
77
1215
13
639
78
1224
14
648
79
1233
15
657
80
1242
16
666
81
1251
17
675
82
1260
18
684
83
1269
19
693
84
1278
20
702
85
1287
21
711
86
1296
22
720
87
1305
23
729
88
1314
24
738
89
1323
25
747
90
1332
26
756
91
1341
27
765
92
1350
28
774
93
1359
29
783
94
1368
30
792
95
1377
31
801
96
1386
32
810
97
1395
33
819
98
1404
34
828
99
1413
35
837
100
1422
36
846
101
1431
37
855
102
1440
38
864
103
1449
Chann
el
1
Frequency (kHz)
Channel
531
66
Frequency
(kHz)
1116
540
67
1125
549
68
1134
558
69
1143
567
70
1152
39
873
104
1458
40
882
105
1467
41
891
106
1476
42
900
107
1485
43
909
108
1494
44
918
109
1503
45
927
110
1512
46
936
111
1521
47
945
112
1530
48
954
113
1539
49
963
114
1548
50
972
115
1557
51
981
116
1566
52
990
117
1575
53
999
118
1584
54
1008
119
1593
55
1017
120
1602
56
1026
121
1611
57
1035
122
1620
58
1044
123
1629
59
1053
124
1638
60
1062
125
1647
61
1071
126
1656
62
1080
127
1665
63
1089
128
1674
64
1098
129
1683
65
1107
130
1692
131
1701
The term "effective field" or "effective field intensity" is the rootmean-square (RMS) value of the inverse distance field at 1.6 km. from the
antenna in all directions in the horizontal plane.
2.27 Service Areas
2.27.1 The term "primary service area" of a broadcast station
means the area in which the groundwave field of 1 mV/m (60 dBu) is
not subject to objectionable interference or objectionable fading.
2.27.2 The term "secondary service area" of a broadcast station
means the area served by the save and not subject to objectionable
interference. The signal is subject to intermittent variations in intensity.
2.27.3 The term "intermittent service area" of a broadcast
station means the area receiving service from the groundwave but
beyond the primary service area and subject to some interference and
fading.
2.28 Audio- Frequency (af) Signal -to - Interference Ratio
Is the ratio (expressed in dB) between the values of the voltage
of the wanted signal and the voltage of the interference, measured under
specified conditions, at the audio-frequency output of the receiver.
2.29 Audio-Frequency (AF) Protection Ratio
Is the agreed minimum value of the audio-frequency signal-tointerference ratio considered necessary to achieve a subjectively defined
reception quality.
2.30 Radio- Frequency (RF) Wanted -to- Interference Signal
Ratio
Is the ratio (expressed in dB), between the values of the radiofrequency voltage of the wanted signal and the interfering signal, measured
at the input of the receiver under specified conditions.
2.31 Radio-Frequency (RF) Protection Ratio
Is the value of the radio-frequency wan to-interference signal
ratio that enables, under specified conditions, the audio-frequency protection
ratio to be obtained at the output of a receiver.
2.32 Attended Transmitter
Attended transmitter means a transmitter where a qualified
technician is in attendance during all periods of its operation.
2.33 Carrier Shift
The variation of the mean carrier amplitude resulting from the
process of amplitude modulation; carrier shift is expressed in terms of
2.40 Licensee
The holder of a license for a broadcasting station issued by the
Authority.
2.41 Qualified Technician
A person who is a holder of a radio operator's license or its
equivalent, as required by these regulations, issued by the Authority.
3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 General Technical Requirements
Equipment shall be constructed according to good engineering
practice, such as mechanical soundness, neatness of wiring and accessibility
for maintenance. Ad-equate testing and monitoring points shall be provided
to permit the isolation and testing of individual items of the equipment.
3.1.1 Adequacy of components
The quality of all component parts shall be in accordance with
good engineering practice. Where appropriate, the specifications of
these components shall comply with standards set by the Authority, or,
in the absence of such standards, the components shall comply with
CCIR standards.
3.1.2 Compliance with Electrical Wiring Rules
All equipment using electrical power shall comply with the rules
of the Philippine Electronics Code and the Philippine Electrical Code.
3.1.3 Regulation of Supply Voltage
Adequate voltage regulation shall be provided, where necessary,
to ensure that equipment performance is not affected by variations in
supply voltage.
3.1.4 Protection
3.1.4.1 Protection of Persons
Having regard for the high voltage employed in
transmitting apparatus, adequate provision shall be made in the
construction of all equipment and in the protective enclosure.
Warning signs and safety switches shall be provided, in accordance with good engineering practice, to ensure, as far as practicable, the safety of all persons.
3.1.4.2 It shall be the responsibility of the management or
the licensee operating a broadcasting station, to ensure that
protective devices are installed and appropriate safety rules are
observed.
(b) Using indications of phase monitor for deter-mining the antenna base
currents or their ratio in the case of directional antennas, provided:
(1)
the base current readings are logged in accordance with the pro
vision of the station license;
(2)
that the indicating instruments in the unit are connected directly in
the current sampling circuit with no other shunt circuits of any
nature.
(3)
all sampling fines have equal total lengths and identical electrical
characteristics. Portions of sampling lines between towers and
transmitter building, prefer-ably, should be buried, if run above
ground, the lines should be rigidly supported and positioned with
the outer conductors grounded, where necessary, to ensure that
fields from the array will not induce error currents in the line.
(c)
Using indications of re-mote control instruments, provided that
such indicating instruments are capable of being connected directly
into the antenna circuit at the same point as the antenna ammeter.
2) Remote ammeters shall be connected into the antenna circuit at the same
point as, but below (transmitter side) the antenna ammeter(s), and shall
be calibrated to indicate within 2 percent of the regular meter over the
entire range above one-third or one-fifth full-scale.
3) All remote meters shall meet the same requirement as the regular
antenna ammeter with respect to scale accuracy, etc.
4) Calibration shall be checked against the regular meter at least once a
week.
5) All remote meters shall be provided with shielding or filters as necessary
to pre-vent any feed-back from the antenna to the transmitter.
6)
7)
In the event that there is any question as to the method of providing the
re-mote indication, or the ac-curacy of the remote meter, the burden of
proof of satisfactory performance shall be upon the licensee and the
manufacturer of the equipment.
d)
Remote reading antenna ammeter(s) may be employed and the
indications logged as the antenna current, or in the case of a directional
antenna, the common point current and base currents, in accordance win
the following:
1) Remote reading antenna common point or base am-meters maybe
provided by:
(a) A factory-calibrated cur-rent transformer connected to a metering instrument for RF antenna current indication.
Auxiliary Transmitter
c)
f)
g)
MHz
432.5 433 MHz
437.5 438 MHz
Frequency
Co-channel
(same
frequency)
1st Adjacency
(9kHz away)
73 dBu:64 dBu
(4.47mV/m:1.6mV/
m)
2nd Adjacency
(18kHz away)
73 dBu:97 dBu
(4.47mV/m:70.8mV/
m)
-24
30
b) Frequency Separation
The minimum frequency separation in any service area is 36
kHz.
c) Number of AM Radio Stations Per Commercial Broadcast Entity in
Each Service Area. Each commercial broadcast entity may be allowed
to operate not more than one AM radio station in any broadcast service
area.
7. AM STEREOPHONIC STANDARD
The AM stereophonic standard is the C-QUAM AM stereophonic
system.
8. PUBLIC INFORMATION FILE
An updated Public information File at each broadcast station shall
be made available to the NTC inspector or to any interested parry. The
Public Information File shall contain the following:
a)
A copy of the station license.
b)
Documents as to mode of ownership whether partnerships,
corporation or single proprietorship including trade name as registered
in the Department of Trade.
c)
A list of changes in transmitting facilities arranged chronologically).
Annex to this list, the corresponding licenses and permits supporting
the changes.
d)
Copies of the Program Standards, the Technical Standards, the NTC
compilation of laws, regulations, circulars and memoranda.
e)
Evidence of membership in the KBP.
6. ANNEXES:
Fig.1. FCC Graphs - Ground Wave Field Intensity Vs. Distance, for
different frequencies from 540 KHz to 1640 KHz.
Fig. 2. Effective Field At One Mile for CO 2 kilowatt.
Fig.3. Sample forms for frequency/interference studies.