Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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CATIONS
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
ANIONS
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Proteinates
Organic acids
Phosphates
Sulfate
Symbol
Function
Na+
K+
Ca++
Mg++
ClHCO3-
HPO4-HSO4--
CBC/Platelets
Hbg
12-15 gm%
Hct
36-45 %
WBC
5,000-10,000
platelets 250-350
mOsm/kg 275-295
Mg 1.3 2.1
PTT 20-35 sec
PT 12-14 sec
INR 0.9-1.1
Hemodynamic Parameters
Alb 3.3-5.2g/dl
CO 4-6 L/min
Phos 3-4.5mg/dl
CVP 6-12 cm H20
Alk Phos 35-150
-5
SVR 900-1600 dynes/sec/cm
SGOT/AST 1-45 U/L
PVR 155-255 dynes/sec/cm-5
SGPT/ALT 1-36 U/L
PCWP = 6-10 mmHg
FSP <10g/ml
HbA1c 4-6%
Red Blood Cells
White Count Differential
Nutritional Values
Reticulocytes 0.5-1.5%
Bands/stabs
3-5%
Mean Corp Vol (MCV) 86-98
Neutrophils (Segs) 51-67%
Mean Corp Hbg (MCH) 27-32 pg
Eosinophils
1-4%
Mean Corp Hbg Conc (MCHC) 1-38%
Basophils
0-1%
ESR male 1-13, female 1-20mm/hr
Lymphocytes
25-33%
Monocytes
2-6% Urinalysis
Total % Differential 100% pH 4.5-8; negative: RBCs, WBCs, glucose/ketones
color straw, yellow; sp gr 1.005-1.025
***Necessary values to know: WBC, platelets, RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin, ESR, creatinine, BUN, cholesterol (total, HDL, & LDL),
glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C), sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, protein, albumin, ALT (SGPT), ammonia, AST
(SGOT), bilirubin, bleeding time, PT, PTT, APTT, INR, gastric pH, urine pH and specific gravity, digoxin, lithium, O2 sat, and ABGs (pH,
PO2, PCO2, SaO2, HCO3).
IV SOLUTIONS
Isotonic / Crystalloids:
D5W, NS, RL
Hypotonic Solutions:
1/2NS, D5 1/2NS, D5 1/4NS
Hypertonic Solutions:
D5NS, D5RL, D10W, D20W, D50W 3%NS
Colloids: Dextran, Hetastarch, Plasmanate, Albumin
Blood Products: Whole Blood, Packed RBCs, Platelets, Fresh Frozen Plasma, Cryoprecipate
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): Lipid Solutions, 3 in 1 Solutions
Excess
Deficit
Sodium (Na)
Hypernatremia
Thirst
CNS deterioration
Increased interstitial fluid
Hyponatremia
CNS deterioration
Potassium (K)
Hyperkalemia
Ventricular fibrillation
ECG changes
CNS changes
Hypokalemia
Bradycardia
ECG changes
CNS changes
Calcium (Ca)
Hypercalcemia
Muscle weakness
Constipation, Bone pain
ECG changes
Hypocalcemia
Tetany, Chvosteks, Trousseaus
Muscle twitching, CNS & EKG changes
Magnesium (Mg)
Hypermagnesemia
Loss of deep tendon reflexes
Depression of CNS
Depression of neuromuscular function
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperactive DTRs
CNS changes
EKG changes
ABG Interpretation
Normal level
pH
7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2
35 - 45
HCO3
22 - 26
PaO2
80 - 100
PaCO2
HCO3
nl
or nl
Respiratory Alkalosis
nl
Hyperventilation
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
or nl
Respiratory Acidosis
Compensated Respiratory
Acidosis
Causes