L25 Feb

OMG THAT GUYS BEEN TO CERN SO JEALOUS ><

SI Units
Practice question:
Speed v of ripples m/s
dependent on:
lambda wavelength m
gamma surface tension kg/s2
rho density kg/m3
g gravitational acceleration m/s2
Using dimensional analysis, which is the right formula for speed of ripples?
1. v = A(gamma/rho)sqroot(1/gammalambda3)
2. v = B(gamma/rho)sqroot(g/lambda)
3. v = Csqroot(gamma/lambdarho)
Ans: 3 or 1
apparently even if its not mathematically right its okay cuz were physicists... but Im math RA,
so... -.Constants:
- speed of light c m/s
- Boltzmann constant k or kB J/K
- Plancks constant h Js or reduced constant h = h/2pi
- elementary charge e C
- Avogadros number NA 1/mol
- Gravitational constant G Nm2kh-2, not equal to gravitational acceleration!
Practice question:
sigma Stefan-Boltzmann constant W/m2K4
How to express in terms of the above fundamental constants?
W = kgm2s-3
N = kgms-2
J = kgm2s-2
C = As
Ans: Ak4/c2h3, where A is a dimensionless constant

Uncertainty

a +/- delta a and b +/- delta b

add together, c = a + b +/- (delta a + delta b)
delta a + delta b = delta c
d = a - b +/- (delta a + delta b)
delta a + delta b = delta d
e = ab
delta e /e = delta a over a + delta b over b
f = a2b
delta f over f = 2 (delta a over a) + delta b over b
uncertainties arise from errors made in measurements, systematic or random.
systematic can be eliminated eg. zero error, random unpredictable, cannot be
eliminated but can be reduced statistically. only way to get rid of random error as
much as possible is to make lots of measurements and take the average, which
minimises the uncertainty to an extent
Practice question:
period of simple pendulum = T
T = 2pi sqroot (l/g)
l = length of pendulum
g = gravitational acceleration, 9.8 m/s2
delta T over T, fractional uncertainty = +/- x
delta l over l = +/- y
Ans: first, make g the subject
g = (2pi/T)2l
2pi has no uncertainty so
delta g over g = s(delta T over T) + (delta l over l)
delta g = +/- 9.8 (2x +y)
delta (1 over T) over (1 over T) = delta 1 over 1 + delta T over T
1 has no uncertainty so delta 1 over 1 is 0
delta (1 over T) over (1 over T) = delta T over T

Physics of Motion
vector scales that have both magnitude and direction
result of two vectors draw parallelogram or head to tail free body diagram
but may not be able to draw all the time
resolving vectors draw the vector from the origin on a Cartesian plane, and

express it as the result of two vectors on the x and y axis, at right angles to each
other, then use trigonometry and pythagorass theorem to find angle and
magnitude
let r be the magnitude of the vector at angle teeta to the x-axis
let x be the vector on the x axis, y be the vector on the y axis
x = r cos teeta
equations of constant acceleration a
http://physics.bu.edu/~redner/211-sp06/class01/equations.html
v = u + at
s = 0.5 (u + v) t
s = ut + 0.5at2
v2 = u2 + 2as
forces
conservative, results in no change in energy if the energy is moved from one to
another point and back
non-conservative, dissipative, eg. friction, air resistance, if an object is moved in
air to another point and back to the original point, some energy is already lost to
overcome air resistance
newtons 3 law
- 1st, N1L: motion of a body is not accelerated in absence of an outside force
- 2nd, N2L: F = ma
- 3rd. N3L: every force has an equal and opposite reaction
N2L: F = ma p = mv, p = momentum
total momentum of a closed system is constant, no outside forces affecting
p and v are vectors
coefficient of static friction is usually larger than coefficient of kinetic friction
W = Fs
1 Joule = work done on a body moved through 1m under force of 1N
work done is the mechanical transfer of energy something must be moving, just
energy transfer doesnt count
types of energy
gravitational potential energy mgh
radiated energy, like electromagnetic waves
elastic potential energy 0.5kx2, a spring has the potential to do work when eg.
compressed
kinetic energy 0.5mv2

 internal energy of ideal gas

power specific definition, rate of work, work done over time taken, Watt = J/s
efficiency rate of useless work done over rate of energy consumed = work done
over energy expanded

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