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LTE Advanced is a mobile communication standard and a major enhancement of the Long Term
Evolution (LTE) standard. It was formally submitted as a candidate 4G system to ITU-T in late 2009
as meeting the requirements of the IMT-Advanced standard, and was standardized by the 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in March 2011 as 3GPP Release 10.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Proposals
4 Technology demonstrations
5 Deployment
6 Devices
7 See also
8 Bibliography
9 References
10 External links
o
Background[edit]
The LTE format was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan and has been adopted as the
international standard.[2] LTE standardization has matured to a state where changes in the
specification are limited to corrections and bug fixes. The first commercial services were launched
in Sweden and Norway in December 2009[3] followed by the United States and Japan in 2010. More
LTE networks were deployed globally during 2010 as a natural evolution of several 2G and 3G
systems, including Global system for mobile communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) (3GPP as well as3GPP2).
The work by 3GPP to define a 4G candidate radio interface technology started in Release 9 with the
study phase for LTE-Advanced. Being described as a3.9G (beyond 3G but pre-4G), the first release
of LTE did not meet the requirements for 4G (also called IMT Advanced as defined by
the International Telecommunication Union) such as peak data rates up to 1 Gb/s. The ITU has
invited the submission of candidate Radio Interface Technologies (RITs) following their requirements
in a circular letter, 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 36.913, "Requirements for Further Advancements
for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced)."[4]These are based on ITU's requirements for 4G and on operators
own requirements for advanced LTE. Major technical considerations include the following:
Scenarios and performance requirements for working with legacy radio technologies
Backward compatibility of LTE-Advanced with LTE. An LTE terminal should be able to work in
an LTE-Advanced network and vice versa. Any exceptions will be considered by 3GPP.
Likewise, 'WiMAX 2', 802.16m, has been approved by ITU as the IMT Advanced family. WiMAX 2 is
designed to be backward compatible with WiMAX 1 devices. Most vendors now support conversion
of 'pre-4G', pre-advanced versions and some support software upgrades of base station equipment
from 3G.
The mobile communication industry and standards organizations have therefore started work on 4G
access technologies, such as LTE Advanced. At a workshop in April 2008 in China, 3GPP agreed the
plans for work on Long Term Evolution (LTE).[5] A first set of specifications were approved in June
2008.[6]Besides the peak data rate 1 Gb/s as defined by the ITU-R, it also targets faster switching
between power states and improved performance at the cell edge. Detailed proposals are being
studied within the working groups.
Proposals[edit]
The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements. LTE Advanced
should be compatible with first release LTE equipment, and should share frequency bands with first
release LTE. In the feasibility study for LTE Advanced, 3GPP determined that LTE Advanced would
meet the ITU-Rrequirements for 4G. The results of the study are published in 3GPP Technical
Report (TR) 36.912.[7]
One of the important LTE Advanced benefits is the ability to take advantage of advanced topology
networks; optimized heterogeneous networks with a mix of macrocells with low power nodes such
as picocells, femtocells and new relay nodes. The next significant performance leap in wireless
networks will come from making the most of topology, and brings the network closer to the user by
adding many of these low power nodes LTE Advanced further improves the capacity and
coverage, and ensures user fairness. LTE Advanced also introduces multicarrier to be able to use
ultra wide bandwidth, up to 100 MHz of spectrum supporting very high data rates.
In the research phase many proposals have been studied as candidates for LTE Advanced (LTE-A)
technologies. The proposals could roughly be categorized into: [8]
UE Dual TX antenna solutions for SU-MIMO and diversity MIMO, commonly referred to as
2x2 MIMO
Cognitive radio
Support of autonomous network and device test, measurement tied to network management
and optimization
Within the range of system development, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX 2, can use up to 8x8 MIMO
and 128 QAM in downlink direction. Example performance: 100 MHz aggregated bandwidth, LTEAdvanced provides almost 3.3 Gbit peak download rates per sector of the base station under ideal
conditions. Advanced network architectures combined with distributed and collaborative smart
antenna technologies provide several years road map of commercial enhancements.
A summary of a study carried out in 3GPP can be found in TR36.912. [9]
Technology demonstrations[edit]
Company
NTT DoCoMo
Country
Japan
Date
February
Note
[12]
Company
Country
Date
Note
[13]
Agilent
Technologies
Spain
February
2011
Ericsson
touch
Sweden
Lebanon
June 2011
April 2013
[14]
[15]
[16]
A1
Austria
June 2013
[17]
Turkcell
Telstra
Turkey
Australia
August
2013
August
[18]
2013
Company
Country
Date
Note
[19]
SMART
Philippin
es
August
2013
[20]
SoftBank
Japan
Belarus
beCloud/MTS
September
2013
France
October
[21]
2013
vendor Huawei.
October
2013
EE
Kingdom
November
2013
[23]
United
[22]
SFR
[24]
O2
German
y
November
2013
Company
Country
Date
Note
[25]
SK Telecom
South
Korea
November
2013
[26]
Vodafone
German
y
November
2013
[27]
Australia
Telstra
December
2013
[28]
Australia
Optus
December
2013
[29]
Unitel
Angola
January
2014
[30]
Sunrise
Switzerla
nd
January
2014
Company
Country
Date
Note
[31]
Australia
Telstra
January
2014
[32]
Nokia
Spain
Networks
February
2014
[33]
Elisa
February
Networks.
2014
[34][35]
Deutsche
Telekom
German
y
February
2014
[36]
Vodafone
Italy
February
2014
[37]
Vodafone
Eta Devices
Spain
Spain
February
2014
February
[38]
2014
Company
Country
Date
Note
[39]
Base
Belgium
February
2014
[40]
Orange
Spain
March
2014
[41]
UAE
April 2014
[42]
China Mobile
China
April 2014
[43]
Magyar
Telekom
Hungary
April 2014
[44]
Huawei
China
April 2014
Company
Country
Date
Note
[45]
Mobistar
Belgium
January
2014 -
April 2014
[46]
Hrvatski
Telekom
Croatia
May 2014
[47][48]
Telstra
Australia
May 2014
[49]
Orange
Spain
May 2014
[50]
Telecom New
Zealand
New
Zealand
LG U+
South
Korea
June 2014
[51]
Company
Country
Date
Note
[52]
Estonia
June 2014
[53]
Vodafone
Portugal
June 2014
[54]
The
Netherlands
June 2014
[55]
O2
Telecom Italia
Czech
Republic
Italy
July 2014
July 2014
[56]
Company
Country
Date
Note
O2
Czech
Republic
China
China
Telecom
August
[57]
[58]
2014
September
2014
[59]
T-Com
Slovakia
September
2014
[60]
SingTel
SK Telecom
Singapor October
e
2014
South
Korea
October
[61]
2014
October
Ooredoo
Maldives
Omnitel
Lithuania November
[62]
[63]
2014
Company
Country
Date
Note
2014
[64]
Polkomtel
Poland
November
2014
[65]
November
Ericsson
2014
Cosmote
Greece
Vodafone
Portugal
November
[66]
2014
November
[67]
2014
Deployment[edit]
Oper
Count
ator
ry
Date
Note
[68]
Yota
Rus
sia
Februa
ry 2011
Oper
Count
ator
ry
SK
Teleco
m
LG U+
Date
Sou
June
th Korea
2013
Sou
th Korea
Note
[69]
[70]
July
2013
KT
Sou
th Korea
Septe
[71]
mber
2013
category 4 LTE.
[72]
csl.
Hon
g Kong
Februa
[73]
MegaF
on
Rus
sia
Februa
VIVA
Zain
Kuw
ait
Septe
mber
[74]
[75]
2013
Kuw
Novem
Oper
Count
ator
ry
Date
Note
ber
ait
2013
[76]
Unit
AT&T
ed
States
Safaric
om
Ken
ya
March
other markets.
2014
AT&T combined 700 MHz spectrum and 1.7 GHz spectrum. AT&T
achieved 110 Mbit/s
Decem
ber
2014
[77]
Sing May
apore
2014
[78]
SingTel
[79]
Swissc
om
Swit
zerland
June
2014
[80]
Bouygu
es
Fra
nce
June
2014
in Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lyon and the Paris suburbs ofVanves, Issyles-Moulineaux, Malakoff and Rosny-sous-Bois.
Bouygues Telecom provides up to 220 Mbit/s. Two compatible
device from Huawei will be available from 1 July 2014.
Oper
Count
ator
ry
Date
Note
[81]
Orange
Fra
nce
June
2014
[82]
TMobile
Telstra
Vodafo
ne
Cze
ch
Republic
July
2014
Aust July
ralia
[83]
[84]
2014
Cze
ch
Republic
July
2014
Orange
Fra
nce
Unit
EE
ed
Kingdom
Beeline
Rus
July
[85]
2014
July
[86]
[87]
2014
August
Oper
Count
ator
ry
sia
SMART
BITE
EMT
Vodafo
ne
ppines
Lith
uania
Orange
August
nia
August
mania
The
Septe
mber
2014
Septe
Netherla
mber
nds
2014
Septe
Netherla
mber
nds
2014
Ro
mania
[89]
[90]
2014
2014
Ro
[88]
2014
Esto August
The
KPN
Note
2014
Phili
Vodafo
ne
Date
Septe
mber
2014
[91]
300 Mbit/s.
[92][93]
[93]
[94]
300 Mbit/s.
Oper
Count
ator
ry
Optus
Aust
ralia
Kuw
Ooredo
o
Telkom
ait
Note
Septe
[95]
th Africa
mber
2014
Septe
mber
[96]
[97]
[98]
Septe
mber
2014
Spai Octobe
n
r 2014
[99]
Vodafo
ne
2014
Sou
Movista
Date
Spai Octobe
n
r 2014
[100]
Vodafo
ne
Unit
ed
Kingdom
Octobe
r 2014
Oper
Count
ator
ry
Unit
EE
ed
Kingdom
Date
Note
Octobe
[101]
r 2014
[102]
Vodafo
ne
Port
ugal
Octobe
30 October 2014.
r 2014
[103]
SFR
Fra
nce
Octobe
r 2014
[104]
Rogers
Can
ada
r 2014
Unit
EE
ed
Kingdom
Telstra
Octobe
Aust
ralia
r 2014
[105]
Octobe
Novem
[106]
ber
2014
Novem
TIM
Italy
ber
2014
[107]
Oper
Count
ator
ry
LMT
Latv
ia
Vodafo
ne
A1
Si.mobil
Vodafo
ne
Tango
Note
Novem
ber
[108]
[109]
Novem
[110]
ber
2014
Novem
[111]
ber
800 MHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum and provides
2014
up to 300 Mbit/s.
2014
Ger
many
Ger
Teleko
Date
many
Aust
ria
Slov
enia
Novem
ber
2014
Novem
ber
[112]
Novem
[113]
ber
1.8 GHz spectrum and 2.6 GHz spectrum and provides up to 225
2014
Mbit/s.
Decem
[114]
ber
2014
225 Mbit/s.
2014
Italy
Lux
embourg
Oper
Count
ator
ry
M1
Sing
apore
Qat
Ooredo
o
ar
Date
Note
Decem
[115]
ber
2014
Mbit/s.
Decem
[116]
ber
800 MHz spectrum and 2.6 GHz spectrum and provides up to 225
2014
Mbit/s.
[117]
Vodafo
ne
Gre
ece
Februa
[118][119][120]
Can
ada
Februa
NTT
DoCoM
o
[121]
Jap
an
March
2015
spectrum and 800 MHz spectrum as well as 1.5 GHz spectrum and
2 GHz, offering up to 225Mbps.
Devices[edit]
Main article: List of devices with LTE Advanced
At the time of its launch in 2007, LTE-A didn't have compatibility with any Smartphone, but only with
a small amount of 4G LTE Routers. The first LTE-A capable mobile phone or tablet, wouldn't arrive
until late 2013. While no phone is capable of 1 Gbit/s+, there are phones that can reach 300 Mbit/s
to 500 Mbit/s under ideal conditions. Requirements are that the device must either have 3GB+
of RAM, a 32-bit Quad core/Octacore processor, and multiple 4G-LTE antennas or a 64bit Dualcore/Quad core processor with 1GB+ of RAM and at least two 4G-LTE antennas.
Manufacturer
Name
iPhone 6
150 Mbit/s
iPhone 6 Plus
150 Mbit/s
Motorola
Nexus 6
300 Mbit/s
HTC
HTC One M9
300 Mbit/s
Galaxy S6
450 Mbit/s
Galaxy S6 Edge
450 Mbit/s
Galaxy Note 4
300 Mbit/s
Galaxy Alpha
300 Mbit/s
300 Mbit/s
Sony
Xperia Z3+/Z4
300 Mbit/s
LG
G Flex 2
450 Mbit/s
Apple
Samsung
Manufacturer
Huawei
Name
LG G3 Prime
300 Mbit/s
Ascend Mate 7
300 Mbit/s