Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Sistemas =
U =QW
Donde W =
Pdv
U =Q Pdv
irreversible
W = trabajo realizado por el sistema
sistema
1-Volumen constante
2.-Presion contante
3.Temperatura constante
W=0;
U =Q
W=0;
U =Q
W= Q - P V
U =QP V
P=0 ;
H=U + PV
H= U + ( PV )
V
+P(
( TH ) =( U
)
T
T )
p
C=
du
dV
; P=cte
dT + dT
p=
V
+ P(
( U
)
T
T )
p
p=
( HT )
V =
( U
T )
( UT ) dT +( UV ) dV
dU =
dH=
( TH ) dT +( HP ) dP
P
Sustituyendo.
( VU ) dV
dU =C v dT +
dH=C p dT +
( HP ) dP
T
P
=T (
P
( U
)
V
T )
T
( HP ) =V T ( V
T )
T
[( ) ]
dU =C v dT + T
P
P dV
T V
[ ( )]
dH=C p dT + V T
V
T
dP
U =QW
dU =dQdW
Ecuaciones
cerrados
vlidas
Gas ideal
P
=T
P
( U
)
(
V
T )
T
=0
Sustituyendo:
PV = RnT
RT
P= V
m
R
=T
P
( U
)
(
V
V)
T
RT
P
Vm
=PP=0
( U
V )
T
Por lo tanto:
du=CV dT
Igual tenemos que:
( PT ) = TR
V
( HP ) =V
T
( TV )
= V - T (T )
para
sistemas
V m=
RT V
R
;
=
P
T p P
( )
Sustituyendo:
( HP ) =V RTP =V V =0
T
dH=C p dT
P=
RT
a
2
V mb V m
( PT ) = V Rb
V
P
=T
P
( U
)
(
V
T )
T
Sustituyendo:
U
V
( ) (
=T
RT
a
2
V mb V m
V m b
a
=
( U
)
V
V
T
2
m
( HP ) =V
( TV )
V m b 2
RT V 3m 2 a
R V 3m ( V m b )
V
=
T P
( )
P=
RT
a
2
V mb V m
Despejando T
T=
P ( V 3mb ) +a ( V m b )
R V 2m
Sustituyendo
V mb 2
RT V 3m 2 a()
RV 3m ( V mb )
P ( V 3m b ) + a ( V mb )
H
=V (
)
P T
R V 2m
( )
PARA UN GAS IDEAL
=0
( U
V )
T
( HP ) =0
T
Por lo tanto
dU =C v dT
dH=C p dT
dU =C v dT +
a
dV
2
V
3
dH=C p dT
TR V b2 aV (V b)
TR V 32 a (vb)2
C p C v > 0
b)
C p C v =0
c)
C p C v < 0
DEMOSTRACIN:
( HT ) ( U
T )
C p C v =
( TH ) =( UT ) + P ( VT )
P
( TU ) + P ( TV ) ( TU )
C p C v =
U
dT
U
dP
=
+
( U
T ) ( T ) ( dT ) ( V ) ( dT )
P
U
U
V
=
+
( U
T ) ( T ) ( V ) ( T )
P
V
U
+ P(
( TU ) +( VU ) ( V
T )
T ) ( T )
C p C v =
( UV ) ( VT ) + P ( VT )
C p C v =
C p es mayor a
Cv
( C p C v > 0 )
C p C v =R
( VT ) = RP
P
( TV ) =R
P
V2
W = P dV
V1
W = P dV
; P=cte
V1
W =P ( V 2 V 1 )
V2
W = P dV
V1
n=1
dU =C v dT
dH=C p dT
Integrando
U =0
H=0
P=
10 [ ]
atm donde v es
V
U =100.
Calcular
P=
10
U =100
V
Q=?
V2
W = P dV
V1
V2
10
V dV
V
V2
10
V1
dV
V =
10 ln 10=23.025 l atm
Convirtiendo a caloras
U =QW
100=Q558.11 cal
Q=658.11 cal
H=0 U=0Q=W
W =P op ( V 2V 1)
W = (1 )( 102 )=8 atm l
Convirtiendo
P=
nRT a n2
v b v 2
Haciendo molar
P=
RT
a
2
v b v
Sustituyendo
P=
(2)(0.08205)(300) 669
2
v(0.057)
v
20
20
dV
dV
W =49.23
6.69 2
2 v0.057
2 v
v 20.057
1
1
6.69
v 10.057
V2 V1
400.057
1 1
6.69
40.057
40 4
W =49.23 ln
W =49.23 ln
] [
]
W =108.308atm l
Convertido a caloras
W =2640 cal
C v =7.00
cal
.
molgrado Cul es la
en un proceso
( 1 ) P=
RT
a
nRT
a
; ( 2 ) P=
V m b V 2
V nb V 2
( VU ) dV ; ( 4) ( VU ) =T ( PT ) P
( 3 ) dU=C V dT +
( PT ) = V nRnb
V
nR
=T (
P
( U
V )
V nb )
T
U
V
( ) (
=T
nR
nRT
a
nRT
nRT a n
2 =
+
V nb
V nb V
V nb V nb V 2
)(
a n2
V2
dU =CV dT +
an
dV
V2
E= dU = CV dT +
an
dV
2
V
T2
V2
E= U =CV n dT +a n2 V 2
T1
V1
E= U =CV n ( T 2T 1 )a n 2
( V1 V1 )
2
E= U
PV m=RT + A+
B
P
T2
Vm
P2
a la presin
SOLUCIN:
Despejando la ecuacin (1)
V m=
(2)
RT
B
+ A+ 2
P
T
dH=C P dT +
( HP ) dP
T
(4)
( HP ) =V T ( V
T )
P1
( VT ) = RP 2TB
3
( HP ) =
T
RT
B
RT 2 BT
+ A+ 2
3
P
P
T
T
)(
RT
B RT 2 BT
3B
+ A+ 2
+ 3 = A+ 2
P
P
T
T
T
Sustituyendo en la ecuacin (3)
dH=C P dT + A +
3B
T2
) dP
T