Rabindranath Tagore[a] ( i/rbindrnt tr/; Bengali pronunciation: [robindro

nat akur]), also written Rabndrantha Thkura [1] (7 May 1861 7 August 1941),[b]
sobriquet Gurudev,[c] was a Bengali polymath who reshaped Bengali literature and
music, as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early
20th centuries. Author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful
verse",[3] he became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in
1913.[4] In translation his poetry was viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his
"elegant prose and magical poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. [5]
Tagore introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language
into Bengali literature, thereby freeing it from traditional models based on classical
Sanskrit. He was highly influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the
West and vice versa, and he is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist
of the modern Indian subcontinent.

A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an
eight-year-old.[6] At age sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym
Bhnusiha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics.[7]
[8]
By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. As a
humanist, universalist internationalist, and strident nationalist he denounced the British Raj and
advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a
vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two
thousand songs; his legacy endures also in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.[9]
[10][11][12][13]

Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic
strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and
personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the
World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimedor
pannedfor their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His
compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's Jana Gana Mana and
Bangladesh's Amar Shonar Bangla. The lyrics and music for the original song of Sri Lanka's
National Anthem were also the work of Tagore.[14]

Native name

Born

Rabindranath Thakur
7 May 1861
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British
India

Died

7 August 1941 (aged 80)

Calcutta

Occupation Writer, painter

Language

Bengali, English

Nationality

Indian

Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their
childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically,
socially or morally dangerous and harmful.[3] This practice is considered exploitative by many
international organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour.[4][5] These laws do
not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists,
supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, some forms of
child work common among indigenous American children, and others.[6][7][8]
The stethoscope is an acoustic medical device for auscultation, or listening to the
internal sounds of an animal or human body. It is often used to listen to lung and
heart sounds. It is also used to listen to intestines and blood flow in arteries and
veins. In combination with a sphygmomanometer, it is commonly used for
measurements of blood pressure. Less commonly, "mechanic's stethoscopes" are
used to listen to internal sounds made by machines, such as diagnosing a
malfunctioning automobile engine by listening to the sounds of its internal parts.
Stethoscopes can also be used to check scientific vacuum chambers for leaks, and
for various other small-scale acoustic monitoring tasks. A stethoscope that
intensifies auscultatory sounds is called phonendoscope.
The stethoscope was invented in France in 1816 by Ren Laennec at the NeckerEnfants Malades Hospital in Paris.[1] It consisted of a wooden tube and was
monaural. Laennec invented the stethoscope because he was uncomfortable
placing his ear on women's chests to hear heart sounds. [2] His device was similar to
the common ear trumpet, a historical form of hearing aid; indeed, his invention was
almost indistinguishable in structure and function from the trumpet, which was
commonly called a "microphone". The first flexible stethoscope of any sort may
have been a binaural instrument with articulated joints not very clearly described in
1829.[3] In 1840, Golding Bird described a stethoscope he had been using with a

flexible tube. Bird was the first to publish a description of such a stethoscope but he
noted in his paper the prior existence of an earlier design (which he thought was of
little utility) which he described as the snake ear trumpet. Bird's stethoscope had a
single earpiece.[4] In 1851, Irish physician Arthur Leared invented a binaural
stethoscope, and in 1852 George Cammann perfected the design of the instrument
for commercial production, which has become the standard ever since. Cammann
also wrote a major treatise on diagnosis by auscultation, which the refined binaural
stethoscope made possible. By 1873, there were descriptions of a differential
stethoscope that could connect to slightly different locations to create a slight
stereo effect, though this did not become a standard tool in clinical practice.

The earthquake is strongest ever in the region in the last 80 years, second only to 8.3 magnitude
earthquake on the Bihar-Nepal border in 1934. In 2011, the Sikkim-Nepal border had
experienced a quake of 6.9 magnitude.
The Indian Meteorological Department in its preliminary report said the earthquake originated 10
km below the earths surface.
Television pictures showed damaged buildings in Nepal. The extent of damage, if any, in India
was not immediately known.
Several aftershocks have been felt in many places after the main quake. The strongest of these
was measured 6.6 on the Richter scale. Earthquakes of this magnitude are followed by a series of
aftershocks of smaller intensities.
The region is earthquake prone because of an interaction between the Himalayan and the
Eurasian tectonic plates. Scientists now say that the Indian landmass is moving not just
northwards but also towards the west. The westward rotational movements have been found to be
behind some of the recent earthquakes, including the 2011 quake in Sikkim.
Just how much is 7.9 on Richter Scale?
An earthquake of magnitude 7 would be 10 times more in strength than one of magnitude 6. In
terms of energy, it would release 32 times more energy. The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale.
As it goes higher up, a difference of a decimal point can mean a huge variance in terms of
destruction. Earthquakes are measured in terms of vertical ground movements of the earth. A
magnitude of 3 on the Richter Scale results in about one millimeter of vertical movement in the
earths surface at a distance of 100 km from the epicenter.

CONGRESS PARTY

BJP

BSP

UNISEXUAL

BISEXUAL