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Chemical Equilibrium
K eq =
[Products]
[Reactants]
H2(g) + I2(g)
that if you take the [H2], the [I2] and the [HI] in an equilibrium mixture of these at 423 C,
the expression:
[H 2 ] [I 2 ]
= 0.0183
[HI] 2
Th e value of K eq
Th e K
eq
expression
The value of this ratio stays at 0.0183 regardless of what we might try to do with the
concentrations.
**The only thing that changes the value of Keq for a given reaction is the temperature!
is known to be 626.
[NH3]2
__________________
[N2] [H2]3
Page 1
Chemistry 12
Chemical Equilibrium
Since this ratio is very large (626) at 200C, we can say that [NH3]2 (the numerator) must be
quite large and [N2] [H2]3 (the denominator) must be small:
N2(g) +
3H2(g)
2NH3(g)
In other words, a large value for Keq means that at equilibrium, there is lots of product and
very little reactant left.
Even another way to say this is:
The larger the value for Keq the closer to completion the reaction is at equilibrium.
(NOTE: "Completion" means reactants have been completely converted to products.)
A very small value for Keq means that there is very little product and lots of reactant at
equilibrium.
In other words, a very small value for Keq means that the reaction has not occurred to a very
great extent once equilibrium is reached.
Consider the following reaction: A + B
C + D
Keq = 1.0
________
= 1.0
[A] [B]
Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
Describe the extent of the reaction and the relative amounts of reactant and product at
equilibrium.
2NH3(g)
is known to be 626."
Page 2
Chemistry 12
Chemical Equilibrium
A + B + heat
__________
[A] [B]
Now, let's say that we increase the temperature of this system. By LeChatelier's
Principle, adding heat to an endothermic reaction will make it shift to the right:
Shift to the Right
A +
+ heat
Heat is
Added
Because it shifts to the right, a new equilibrium is established which has a higher [C] and a
lower [A] and [B].
Therefore the Keq will have a larger numerator and a smaller denominator:
[C]
__________
Keq =
[A] [B]
A + B
+ heat
Heat is
Removed
Now, in the Keq expression, the numerator would be smaller and the denominator would be
larger:
Page 3
Chemistry 12
Chemical Equilibrium
[C]
Keq = ____________
[A] [B]
So we can say:
When the temperature is decreased in an endothermic reaction, the equilibrium will
shift to the left and the value of Keq will decrease.
+ D
heat
_____________
b) If the temperature of this exothermic reaction is increased, the equilibrium will shift
___________________________
c) The shift will make [E] _________________er, and [C] and [D] ________________er
than they were before.
d) Since the numerator is _____________________er and the denominator is _______er,
the value of the Keq will be _________________er than it was before.
e) If the temperature of this system is decreased, the equilibrium will shift to the _______,
and the value of Keq will _____________________
Determining
Keq
given
Equilm
Concns
1.
2AB(g)
[B2] = 5.67 M
and
[AB] = 0.67 M
Page 4
Chemistry 12
Chemical Equilibrium
b) Find the value of the equilibrium constant, Keq at the temperature that the experiment
was done.
Answer _____________________
2.
2XY3(g)
[Y2] = 0.53 M
Answer ____________________
A2(g) + B(g)
2C(g)
Answer ____________________
Answer ____________________
Answer ____________________
Page 5
Chemistry 12
Chemical Equilibrium
e) Calculate the value for the equilibrium constant at the temperature the experiment was
done.
Answer ____________________
4.
A2(g) + + 3B2(g)
If 0.87 moles of AB3 are injected into a 5.0 L container at 25C , at equilibrium the final [A2] is
found to be 0.070 M.(Hint: Make a table and use it to answer the questions below.)
5.
Answer ____________________
Answer ____________________
Answer ____________________
C(g)
Chemistry 12
b)
Chemical Equilibrium
At the same temperature, another equilibrium mixture is analyzed and it is found that
[B] = 0.21 M and [C] = 0.70 M. From this and the information above, calculate the
equilibrium [A].
Answer ____________________
6.
Two mole of gaseous NH3 are introduced into a 1.0 L vessel and allowed to undergo partial
decomposition at high temperature according to the reaction:
2NH3(g)
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
Answer ____________________
Answer ____________________
c) Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant at the temperature of the experiment.
Answer ___________________
7.
When 1.0 mol of NH3(g) and 0.40 mol of N2(g) are placed in a 5.0 L vessel and allowed to
reach equilibrium at a certain temperature, it is found that 0.78 mol of NH3 is present. The
reaction is:
2NH3(g)
3H2(g) +
N2(g)
Page 7
Chemistry 12
Chemical Equilibrium
[H2] = _______________
[N2] = _______________
Answer ____________________
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
Answer ____________________
9.
CH3OH(g)
Answer____________________________
Page 8
Chemistry 12
10.
The reaction:
Chemical Equilibrium
2XY(g)
X2(g)
Y2(g)
has a Keq = 35 at 25C. If 3.0 moles of XY are injected into a 1.0 L container at 25C , find the
equilibrium [X2] and [Y2].
PCl3(g)
+ Cl2(g)
is 0.042 at 250C , what will happen if 2.50 mol of PCl5, 0.600 mol of Cl2 and 0.600 mol of
PCl3 are placed in a 1.00 flask at 250C ? (Will the reaction shift left, right, or not occur at all?)
Answer ___________________
12.
Answer ________________________________
Page 9
Chemistry 12
13. At a certain temperature the reaction: CO(g) +
H2O(g)
Chemical Equilibrium
CO2(g) + H2(g)
has a Keq = 0.400. Exactly 1.00 mol of each gas was placed in a 100.0 L vessel and the mixture
was allowed to react. Find the equilibrium concentration of each gas.
Answer ______________________________________________________
14.
H2(g)
+ I2(g)
2HI(g)
at 448C, Keq = 50. If 3.0 mol of HI, 2.0 mol of H2, and 1.5 mol of I2 are placed in a
1.0 L container at 448C, will a reaction occur?
Answer ___________________
If so, which way does the reaction shift?
15.
_______________________________________
H2(g)
I2(g)
2HI(g)
at 448C, Keq = 50. If 5.0 mol of HI, 0.7071 mol of H2, and 0.7071 mol of I2 are placed in a
1.0 L container at 448C, will a reaction occur? (Round any answers off to 3 significant digits!)
Answer ___________________
If so, which way does the reaction shift?
_______________________________________
Page 10
Chemistry 12
Consider the following equilibrium system: A(g) +
B(g)
C(g)
1.0 mole of A and 2.0 moles of B are simultaneously injected into an empty 1.0 L container. At
equilibrium (after 5.0 minutes), [C] is found to be 0.20 M. Make calculations and draw graphs
to show how each of [A], [B] and [C] change with time over a period of 10.0 minutes.
(HINT: You have to make a table first.)
Concentration (M)
16.
Chemical Equilibrium
10
TIME (minutes)
Page 11
Chemistry 12
16.
Chemical Equilibrium
+ 3B2(g)
2A2B3(g)
Answer ________________________________
17.
O2(g)
2H2O(g) +
2Cl2(g)
H = -113 kJ
How will the value of the equilibrium constant Keq at 550oC compare with it's value at
450oC?
________________________________________________________________
3O2(g)
a) How is the amount of N2 in the container affected if the volume of the container is
doubled?
____________________________________________________________
b) How is the rate of the forward reaction affected if more water vapor is introduced into
the container?
_________________________________________________________
Page 12