I.

Valcaones Eruption Types

Volcanic eruptions arise through three main mechanisms:
Gas release under decompression causing magmatic eruptions.
Thermal contraction from chilling on contact with water causing phreatomagmatic
eruptions.
Ejection of entrained particles during steam eruptions causing phreatic eruptions.
2 Magmatic eruptions
2.1 Hawaiian
2.2 Strombolian
2.3 Vulcanian
2.4 Pelan
2.5 Plinian
3 Phreatomagmatic eruptions
3.1 Surtseyan
3.2 Submarine
3.3 Subglacial
4 Phreatic eruptions
Mount St. Helens, in 1980s
Taal Volcano, Philippines, 1965.
La Soufrire of Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles), 1975-1976 activity
Soufrire Hills volcano on Montserrat, West Indies,
II.There are 4 major types of volcanoes:
Cinder Cone Volcanoes
These are the simplest type of volcano. They occur when particles and blobs of lava are
ejected from a volcanic vent. Cinder cone volcanoes rarely grow larger than about 1,000
feet above their surroundings.
Composite Volcanoes
Composite volcanoes, or stratovolcanoes make up some of the worlds most memorable
mountains: Mount Rainier, Mount Fuji, and Mount Cotopaxi, for example. they can
grow thousands of meters tall. As weve seen with the famous Mount Saint Helens,
composite volcanoes can explode violently.
Shield Volcanoes
These are large, broad volcanoes that look like shields from above hence the name. The
lava that pours out of shield volcanoes is thin, so it can travel for great distances down
the shallow slopes of the volcano. These volcanos build up slowly over time, with
hundreds of eruptions, creating many layers. Theyre not likely to explode
catastrophically. Perhaps the best known shield volcanoes are the ones that make up the
Hawaiian Islands, especially Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea.

Lava Domes
Volcanic or lava domes are created by small masses of lava which are too viscous (thick)
to flow very far. Unlike shield volcanoes, with low-viscosity lava, the magma from
volcanic domes just pile up over and around the vent. The dome grows by expansion of
the lava within, and the mountain forms from material spilling off the sides of the
growing dome. Lava domes can explode violently, releasing a huge amount of hot rock
and ash.
1. The Homolographic projection has the correct representation of
A.
shape B.
area
C.
baring D.
distance
2. The hazards of radiation belts include
A.
deterioration of electronic circuits
B.
damage of solar cells of spacecraft
C.
adverse effect on living organisms
D.
All of the above
3. The intersecting lines drawn on maps and globes are
A.
B.
C.
D.

latitudes
longitudes
geographic grids
None of the above

4. The light of distant stars is affected by

A.
the earth's atmosphere
B.
interstellar dust
C.
both (a) and (b)
D.
None of the above
5. Without ____ the equator would be much hotter than it is while the poles would be
much cooler.
A.
latitudinal redistribution of heat
B.
cycle of air circulation
C.
global wind pattern
D.
All are similar terms
6.The habitats valuable for commercially harvested species are called
A.
coral reefs
B.
sea grass bed
C.
hot spots
D.
None of the above
7. Which of the following is tropical grassland?
A.
Taiga B.
Savannah
C.
Pampas
D.
Prairies
8. With the disintegration of USSR in end 1991, comprised of ____ Union Republics.
A.
15
B.
10
C.
5
D.
25

9. The iron and steel industries of which of the following countries are almost fully
dependent on imported raw materials?
A.
Britain B.
Japan
C.
Poland D.
Germany
10. The temperature increases rapidly after
A.
ionosphere B.
exosphere
C.
stratosphere D.
troposphere
11. The humidity of the air depends upon
A.
temperature B.
location
C.
weather
D.
All of the above
12. The groundwater can become confined between two impermeable layers. This type of
enclosed water is called artesian
13. The largest glaciers are
A.
mountain glaciers
B.
alpine glaciers
C.
continental glaciers
D.
piedmont glaciers
14. The ionosphere includes thermosphere and exosphere.
15The highest degree of concentration of mineral deposits are found in
A.
northeastern zone
B.
northwestern zone
C.
southern zone
D.
All of the above
16. The iron ore mined at Bailadila is mostly
A.
haematite
B.
siderite
C.
limonite
D.
magnetic
17. The largest dune files are found in
A.
Middle East
B.
North Africa
C.
both (a) and (b)
D.
None of the above
18 The Harmattan is
A.
cool, extremely dry wind that forms over the Sahara and blows westward or
south-westward to the African coast
B.
wind that blows during the dry season from December to February
C.
tertiary wind that carry great quantities of fine dust from the Sahara
D.
All of the above
19.The largest gold producing country in the world is China
20.The hydrological cycle is a conceptual model that describes
A.
the storage of water between biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere
B.
the movement of water between biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and
hydrosphere
C.
both (a) and (b)
21. The least explosive type of volcano is called
A.
Basalt plateau

B.
Cinder cone or scoria cone
C.
Shield volcanoes
D.
Composite volcanoes
22.The largest fish exporting region in the world is the north-east atlantic region
23. The hot and cold deserts together occupy nearly ____ land area of the world. 1/3rd
24. The heavy day soils that show significant expansion and contraction due to the
presence or absence of moisture is called
A.
aridsols
B.
vertisols
C.
histosols
D.
andisols
Histosols are soils that are composed mainly of organic materials. They contain at least
20-30% organic matter by weight and are more than 40 cm thick.
Aridisols (or desert soils) are a soil order in USA soil taxonomy. Aridisols (from the Latin
aridus, for dry) form in an arid or semi-arid climate.
Andisols are soils that have formed in volcanic ash or other volcanic ejecta. Also known
as Andosols. Because they are generally quite young.
25. The infrared radiation by sun are strongly absorbed by
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
water vapours
C.
carbon dioxide and water vapours
D.
ozone
26.The landforms that are influences by several process namely, weathering, erosion,
deposition are known as
A.
polygenetic landforms
B.
structural landforms
C.
polycyclic landforms
D.
None of the above
27. The islands with coral covered surfaces in Bay of Bengal are
A.
Andaman islands
B.
Nicobar islands
C.
both (a) and (b)
D.
None of the above
28. Within the transporting medium, transport can occur by
A.
suspension
B.
solution and traction
C.
solution
D.
All of the above
29. The hot, dry wind on the east or leeward side of the Rocky mountains (North
America) is called
A.
the Chinook
B.
the Sirocco
C.
the Harmattan
D.
the Loo
30. The length of the day is determined in
A.
astronomical units

B.
solar terms
C.
length of the hours
D.
None of the above
31. The highest sand dunes are found is
A.
the Shara desert
B.
the Atacama desert
C.
the Kalahari desert
D.
the Gobi desert
32. The greatest variety of animal and plant species is fund in
A.
temperate grasslands
B.
tropical moist forests
C.
tundra regions
D.
in hot deserts
33. The highest mountains in Africa, which is not part of any mountains chain, is Mr.
Kilimanjaro
34. The heavier silicates named as 'Sima' or silica + magnesium are most abundant in the
A.
crust B.
core
C.
mantle D.
ocean floors
CRUST --.sial
core -- Nife
35. The limit beyond which the stars suffer internal collapse is called the
A.
Raman Effect
B.
Chandrasekhar limit
C.
Aurora Borealis
D.
Quasan Zone
36.The ground water that occurs when flow of the subterranean water is not confined by
the presence of impermeable layers is called
A.
unconfined groundwater
B.
confined groundwater
C.
aquifer
D.
artesian
37. The gulf that separates Finland and Sweden in Europe is the Gulf of Bothnia