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Throughout Iranian history and due to remarkable political and social changes such as the Arab and Mongol invasions of Persia, a wide spectrum of schools of thoughts
showed a variety of views on philosophical questions extending from Old Iranian and mainly Zoroastrianismrelated traditions, to schools appearing in the late preIslamic era such as Manicheism and Mazdakism as well
as various post-Islamic schools. Iranian philosophy after Arab invasion of Persia, is characterized by dierent
interactions with the Old Iranian philosophy, the Greek
philosophy and with the development of Islamic philosophy. The Illumination School and the Transcendent Philosophy are regarded as two of the main philosophical
traditions of that era in Persia.
1.1
Zoroastrianism
1.3 Manichaeism
The works of Zoroaster and Zoroastrianism had a signif- Main article: Manichaeism
icant inuence on Greek philosophy and Roman philos1
1.4
Mazdakism
Aesthetic Zurvanism
Materialist Zurvanism
2.2 Illuminationism
While Zoroasters Ormuzd created the universe with his
thought, materialist Zurvanism challenged the concept Main article: Illuminationist philosophy
that anything could be made out of nothing.
3
Illuminationist philosophy was a school of Islamic philosophy founded by Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi in the 12th
century. This school is a combination of Avicenna's philosophy and ancient Iranian philosophy, along with many
new innovative ideas of Suhrawardi. It is often described
as having been inuenced by Neoplatonism.
2.3
Transcendent theosophy
Ma'rifat-e Falsafeh published by the Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute in Qom, and many others.
Also worthy of mention is the journal, Naqd o Nazar published by Daftar Tablighat in Qom, which often includes
articles on philosophical topics and other issues of interest to religious thinkers and intellectuals.
It is important to note that Susm has had a great amount
of inuence on Iranian/Persian philosophy.
Transcendent Theosophy is the school of Islamic philosophy founded by Mulla Sadra in the 17th century. Mulla 4.1 Ancient Iranian philosophy
Sadra bought a new philosophical insight in dealing with
the nature of reality" and created a major transition See also: Ancient Iranian philosophy in article Ancient phifrom essentialism to existentialism" in Islamic philoso- losophy
phy, several centuries before this occurred in Western
Zoroastrianism
philosophy.[16]
Zarathustra (Zoroaster)
Jamasp, Old Iranian nobleman, regarded as
one of the rst Iranian philosophers, see also
Middle Persian book Jamasp Namag.
Ostanes
Tansar, inuential Persian high priest (mobad)
considered one of the pivotal gures in the development of the political philosophy of the
Sassanian state based on the concept of vohu
kshathra or huxwadh (Good Sovereignty)
Mardan-Farrux Ohrmazddadan
Adurfarnbag Farroxzadan
Adurbad Emedan
Azar Kayvan
Avesta
Gathas
Anacharsis, a Scythian philosopher
Mazdakism, Iranian proto-socialism in the Sassanid
Empire
Mazdak
Mazdak the Elder
Manichaeism
Mani
Zurvanism
University of Gundishapur
Borzouye, Persian philosopher, physician and
Chancellor (vizier) of the Persian court, inventor of Backgammon. Borzouye wrote several
books such as the translation of Panchatantra
into Middle Persian and Burzoes quotes. His
philosophical ideas were described by Ibn alMuqaa.
5 SEE ALSO
Bakhtshooa Gondishapuri
Emperor Khosraus philosophical discourses
Paul the Persian
Pahlavi literature
4.2
Islamic period
Al-Farabi
Miskawayh
Avicenna
Mahmoud Khatami
Abdolkarim Soroush
Ahmad Fardid
Zakaria Razi
Zakariya Qazwini
Farid al-Din Attar (Attar Nishapuri)
Umar Suhrawardi
Umar Khayyam
Semnani
Ali Hamedani
Mowlana Jalal ad-Din Balkhi (Rumi)
Mahmud Shabestari
Shams al-Din Lahiji
Nematollah Vali Kermani
5 See also
Intellectual movements in modern Iran
Eastern philosophy
Ancient philosophy
Abdol-Rahman Jami
References
7 External links
Iranian philosophy (in Persian)
Persian Religion and Philosophy
Persian philosophy
8.1
Text
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