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At the Exam
(a) Make sure you understand the problem, read the problem formulation
carefully. Make a drawing!!! If you remain uncertain raise your hand and
ask the proctors.
(b) Get the units right. It is easy to eliminate the answers with wrong units.
This applies to formulas too.
1
Reactance (recap)
Resistor
= =
Capacitor
1
=
Inductor
Impedance
RLC
Reactances:
Impedances:
is the reference
phasor
1
=
1
=
=
C circuit
( = 2 60
, = 120) if the circuit breakers
120
=
=
= 45
2650
1
1
= =
=
= 2650
2 60 1 106
This current is sufficiently small. The
primary concern is the voltage rating
of the capacitor, which should be
around 200V.
= =
L circuit
= =
120
=
=
= 0.32
377
= = = 2 60 1 = 377
= =
5
=
=
= 2 + 2 =
1
2
+
= = ()
0 = 0
1
=
=
1
1
tan =
=
= 50
3
6
1 10 100 0.2 10
() = ()
0 = 0
Low-Pass Filter
Goal: to suppress high-frequency ( > 0 )
components in the spectrum of a signal.
=
= 2 + 2
2 + 2
Output power:
+1
2 + 2
Cutoff frequency: 0 = 20 =
=
1
1
+
=
=
+1
+1
= two
times
1
1
=
= 160
20 2104 100
1
2 +
= =
1
2
+
() = () +
1
?
= 2.2 80 = 176
= 2.2 40 = 88
= =
1
2 +
= 110
10
tan =
0 =
= 2455 /
1
2 +
1
6
= 2455 0.119 2455 7.27 10
244
0.97
= 339
- average rate at which electrical energy is converted to thermal energy in the resistor
11
1
=
tan =
1
= 3
1/
4
cos =
1 + 2
1
=
= 2 +
= cos =
1
1
=
=
2
1
1
1
1
+
+
2
1
1
1
+
4
5
1
+ 63
2 0.252
10
10 50 4
= 200
2 2 5
50
12
1
2 +
= =
=
Resonance
condition:
0 =
1
= + = +
1
+
- resonance
frequency
> 0
< 0
= 0
13
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
= +
+
= +
= +
1
=
0 =
1
=
= 2 +
min at =
1
1
+
is at its minimum
0 is a short
is a short
Transformer
- the flux
per turn
impedance transformation
17
Example
Sloppy formulation
=
=
0.4 cos 377 12
=
= 2.55
= 6 = 10 103 6 3
= 0.18
18
19