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LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
Micropower Low Dropout
Regulators with Shutdown
FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

The LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5 are micropower low

dropout regulators with shutdown. These devices are capable of supplying 150mA of output current with a dropout
voltage of 0.4V. Designed for use in battery-powered systems, the low quiescent current, 30A operating and 16A
in shutdown, makes them an ideal choice. The quiescent
current is well-controlled; it does not rise in dropout as it
does with many other low dropout PNP regulators.

n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n

0.4V Dropout Voltage

150mA Output Current
30A Quiescent Current
No Protection Diodes Needed
Adjustable Output from 3.75V to 30V
3.3V and 5V Fixed Output Voltages
Controlled Quiescent Current in Dropout
Shutdown
16A Quiescent Current in Shutdown
Stable with 0.33F Output Capacitor
Reverse Battery Protection
No Reverse Current with Input Low
Thermal Limiting
Available in the 8-Lead SO, 8-Lead PDIP, 3-Lead
SOT-23 and 3-Lead TO-92 Packages

APPLICATIONS
n
n
n

Low Current Regulator

Regulator for Battery-Powered Systems
Post Regulator for Switching Supplies

Other features of the LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5 include

the ability to operate with very small output capacitors. They
are stable with only 0.33F on the output while most older
devices require between 1F and 100F for stability. Small
ceramic capacitors can be used, enhancing manufacturability. Also the input may be connected to ground or a
reverse voltage without reverse current ow from output
to input. This makes the LT1121 series ideal for backup
power situations where the output is held high and the
input is at ground or reversed. Under these conditions only
16A will ow from the output pin to ground.
L, LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

TYPICAL APPLICATION
5V Battery-Powered Supply with Shutdown

Dropout Voltage
0.5

IN

OUT

LT1121-3.3

5V
5

3.3VOUT
150mA

SHDN
GND
3

VSHDN (PIN 5) OUTPUT

<0.25
OFF
>2.8
ON
NC
ON

1F
SOLID TANTALUM

0.4
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (V)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
LT1121 TA01

20

40 60 80 100 120 140 160

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
LT1121 TA02

1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note 1)

Input Voltage
LT1121 .............................................................. 30V
LT1121HV ............................................... +36V, 30V
Output Pin Reverse Current ................................. 10mA
Adjust Pin Current ................................................ 10mA
Shutdown Pin Input Voltage (Note 2) .......... 6.5V, 0.6V
Shutdown Pin Input Current (Note 2) .................. 20mA

Output Short-Circuit Duration ....................... Indenite

Operating Junction Temperature Range (Note 3)
LT1121C-X ............................................ 0C to 125C
LT1121I-X ........................................ 40C to 125C
Storage Temperature Range................... 65C to 150C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) .................. 300C

PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
TOP VIEW
OUT 1

8 IN

NC/ADJ* 2

7 NC**

GND 3

6 NC**
5 SHDN

NC 4
N8 PACKAGE
8-LEAD PDIP

S8 PACKAGE
8-LEAD PLASTIC SO

* PIN 2 = NC FOR LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5

= ADJ FOR LT1121
** PINS 6 AND 7 ARE FLOATING (NO
INTERNAL CONNECTION) ON THE
STANDARD S8 PACKAGE.
PINS 6 AND 7 CONNECTED TO GROUND
ON THE A VERSION OF THE LT1121 (S8 ONLY).
CONNECTING PINS 6 AND 7 TO THE
GROUND PLANE WILL REDUCE THERMAL
RESISTANCE. SEE THERMAL RESISTANCE
TABLES IN THE APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
SECTION.

TAB IS
GND

TJMAX = 150C, JA = 120C/W (N8, S8)

TJMAX = 150C, JA = 70C/W (AS8)

ORDER PART NUMBER

LT1121CN8
LT1121CN8-3.3
LT1121CN8-5
LT1121IN8
LT1121IN8-3.3
LT1121IN8-5
LT1121CS8
LT1121CS8-3.3
LT1121CS8-5
LT1121HVCS8
LT1121IS8

LT1121IS8-3.3
LT1121IS8-5
LT1121HVIS8
LT1121ACS8
LT1121ACS8-3.3
LT1121ACS8-5
LT1121AHVCS8
LT1121AIS8
LT1121AIS8-3.3
LT1121AIS8-5
LT1121AHVIS8

S8 PART MARKING

1121
11213
11215
1121HV
1121I

121I3
121I5
121HVI
1121A
121A3
121A5
121AHV
121AI
121AI3
121AI5
21AHVI

BOTTOM VIEW

FRONT VIEW
3

OUTPUT

GND

VIN

IN

GND

OUT

ST PACKAGE
3-LEAD PLASTIC SOT-223

Z PACKAGE
3-LEAD PLASTIC TO-92

TJMAX = 150C, JA = 50C/W

TJMAX = 150C, JA = 150C/W

ORDER PART
NUMBER
LT1121CST-3.3
LT1121IST-3.3
LT1121CST-5
LT1121IST-5

ST PART
MARKING
11213
121I3
11215
1121I5

ORDER PART
NUMBER
LT1121CZ-3.3
LT121IZ-3.3
LT1121CZ-5
LT1121IZ-5

Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR

Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF
Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specied with wider operating temperature ranges.

1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The l denotes the specications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specications are at TA = 25C.

PARAMETER

CONDITIONS

MIN

TYP

MAX

UNITS

Regulated Output Voltage (Note 4)

LT1121-3.3

VIN = 3.8V, IOUT = 1mA, TJ = 25C

4.3V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < IOUT < 150mA

3.25
3.2

3.3
3.3

3.35
3.4

V
V

LT1121-5

VIN = 5.5V, IOUT = 1mA, TJ = 25C

6V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < IOUT < 150mA

4.925
4.85

5
5

5.075
5.15

V
V

LT1121 (Note 5)

VIN = 4.3V, IOUT = 1mA, TJ = 25C

4.8V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < IOUT < 150mA

3.695
3.64

3.75
3.75

3.805
3.86

V
V

1.5
1.5
1.5

10
10
10

mV
mV
mV

12
20
17
28
12
18

25
40
35
50
25
40

mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV

0.13

0.16
0.25

V
V

0.3

0.35
0.5

V
V

0.37

0.45
0.6

V
V

0.42

0.55
0.7

V
V

30
90
350
1.5
4
7

50
120
500
2.5
7
14

A
A
A
mA
mA
mA

150

300

nA

1.2
0.75

2.8

V
V

Line Regulation

LT1121-3.3
VIN = 4.8V TO 20V, IOUT = 1mA
LT1121-5
VIN = 5.5V TO 20V, IOUT = 1mA
LT1121 (Note 5) VIN = 4.3V TO 20V, IOUT = 1mA

Load Regulation

ILOAD = 1mA to 150mA, TJ = 25C

ILOAD = 1mA to 150mA
LT1121-5
ILOAD = 1mA to 150mA, TJ = 25C
ILOAD = 1mA to 150mA
LT1121 (Note 5) ILOAD = 1mA to 150mA, TJ = 25C
ILOAD = 1mA to 150mA

Dropout Voltage (Note 6)

LT1121-3.3

l
l
l
l
l
l

ILOAD = 1mA, TJ = 25C

ILOAD = 1mA

ILOAD = 50mA, TJ = 25C

ILOAD = 50mA

ILOAD = 100mA, TJ = 25C

ILOAD = 100mA

ILOAD = 150mA, TJ = 25C

ILOAD = 150mA

Ground Pin Current (Note 7)

ILOAD = 0mA
ILOAD = 1mA
ILOAD = 10mA
ILOAD = 50mA
ILOAD = 100mA
ILOAD = 150mA

l
l
l
l
l
l

Adjust Pin Bias Current (Notes 5, 8)

TJ = 25C

Shutdown Threshold

VOUT = Off to On
VOUT = On to Off

l
l

VSHDN = 0V

10

16

22

Shutdown Pin Current (Note 9)

Quiescent Current in Shutdown (Note 10) VIN = 6V, VSHDN = 0V

Ripple Rejection

VIN VOUT = 1V (Avg), VRIPPLE = 0.5VP-P, fRIPPLE = 120Hz,

ILOAD = 0.1A

Current Limit

VIN VOUT = 7V, TJ = 25C

Input Reverse Leakage Current

VIN = 20V, VOUT = 0V

Reverse Output Current (Note 11)

LT1121-3.3
VOUT = 3.3V, VIN = 0V
LT1121-5
VOUT = 5V, VIN = 0V
LT1121 (Note 5) VOUT = 3.8V, VIN = 0V

0.25

50

58
200

16
16
16

dB
500

mA

mA

25
25
25

A
A
A

1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The l denotes the specications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specications are at TA = 25C.

Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings

may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2: The shutdown pin input voltage rating is required for a low
impedance source. Internal protection devices connected to the shutdown
pin will turn on and clamp the pin to approximately 7V or 0.6V. This
range allows the use of 5V logic devices to drive the pin directly. For high
impedance sources or logic running on supply voltages greater than 5.5V,
the maximum current driven into the shutdown pin must be limited to less
than 20mA.
Note 3: For junction temperatures greater than 110C, a minimum load
of 1mA is recommended. For TJ > 110C and IOUT < 1mA, output voltage
may increase by 1%.
Note 4: Operating conditions are limited by maximum junction
temperature. The regulated output voltage specication will not apply
for all possible combinations of input voltage and output current. When
operating at maximum input voltage, the output current range must be

limited. When operating at maximum output current the input voltage

range must be limited.
Note 5: The LT1121 (adjustable version) is tested and specied with the
adjust pin connected to the output pin.
Note 6: Dropout voltage is the minimum input/output voltage required to
maintain regulation at the specied output current. In dropout the output
voltage will be equal to: (VIN VDROPOUT).
Note 7: Ground pin current is tested with VIN = VOUT (nominal) and a
current source load. This means that the device is tested while operating in
its dropout region. This is the worst case ground pin current. The ground
pin current will decrease slightly at higher input voltages.
Note 8: Adjust pin bias current ows into the adjust pin.
Note 9: Shutdown pin current at VSHDN = 0V ows out of the shutdown pin.
Note 10: Quiescent current in shutdown is equal to the sum total of the
shutdown pin current (6A) and the ground pin current (9A).
Note 11: Reverse output current is tested with the input pin grounded and
the output pin forced to the rated output voltage. This current ows into
the output pin and out of the ground pin.

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Dropout Voltage

0.6

0.6

TJ 125C

0.5
0.4
TJ 25C
0.3
0.2
0.1

0.5

Quiescent Current
50
ILOAD = 150mA
QUIESCENT CURRENT (A)

0.7

DROPOUT VOLTAGE (V)

DROPOUT VOLTAGE (V)

Guaranteed Dropout Voltage

0.7

ILOAD = 100mA

0.4
0.3

ILOAD = 50mA

0.2

ILOAD = 1mA

VIN = 6V
RLOAD =

40
VSHDN = OPEN
30

20

VSHDN = 0V

10

0.1
= TEST POINTS

0
0

20

40 60 80 100 120 140 160

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
1121 G01

0
50

25

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

100

125

1121 G02

0
50

25

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

100

125

1121 G03

1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1121-3.3
Quiescent Current

LT1121-5
Quiescent Current

120

120

TJ = 25C
RLOAD =

VSHDN = OPEN

60
40

80
VSHDN = OPEN
60
40
20

VSHDN = 0V

0
2

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

1121 G04

40

3.38

5.04

3.79

3.24

ADJ PIN VOLTAGE (V)

3.34

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

3.81

5.02
5.00
4.98
4.96

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

100

4.92
50

125

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

25

100

800

800

700
GROUND PIN CURRENT (A)

RLOAD = 130
ILOAD = 25mA*

500
RLOAD = 330
ILOAD = 10mA*

300
*FOR VOUT = 3.3V
200
RLOAD = 3.3k
ILOAD = 1mA*

100
1

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

10

1121 G10

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

25

100

600

800

TJ = 25C
700 VOUT = VADJ

500
RLOAD = 500
ILOAD = 10mA*

400
300

*FOR VOUT = 5V
200

125

LT1121
Ground Pin Current
RLOAD = 200
ILOAD = 25mA*

RLOAD = 5k
ILOAD = 1mA*

100

0
0

3.71

1121 G09

TJ = 25C

700

400

3.73

LT1121-5
Ground Pin Current

TJ = 25C

600

3.75

1121 G08

1121 G07

LT1121-3.3
Ground Pin Current

10

3.77

3.67
50

125

GROUND PIN CURRENT (A)

25

3.69

4.94

3.22
50

IOUT = 1mA

IOUT = 1mA

5.06

3.26

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

LT1121
Adjust Pin Voltage

3.36

3.28

1121 G06

3.83

5.08
IOUT = 1mA

3.30

10

LT1121-5
Output Voltage

3.32

VSHDN = 0V

1121 G05

LT1121-3.3
Output Voltage

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

VSHDN = OPEN
60

0
1

10

80

20

VSHDN = 0V

0
1

TJ = 25C
RLOAD =
VOUT = VADJ

100
QUIESCENT CURRENT (A)

80

20

GROUND PIN CURRENT (A)

120

TJ = 25C
RLOAD =

100
QUIESCENT CURRENT (A)

100
QUIESCENT CURRENT (A)

LT1121
Quiescent Current

RLOAD = 150
ILOAD = 25mA*

600
500
RLOAD = 380
ILOAD = 10mA*

400
300

*FOR VOUT = 3.75V

200

RLOAD = 3.8k
ILOAD = 1mA*

100
0

0
0

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

10

1121 G11

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

10

1121 G12

1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LT1121-3.3
Ground Pin Current
10

TJ = 25C

6
RLOAD = 33
ILOAD = 100mA*

5
4
3

RLOAD = 66
ILOAD = 50mA*

2
1
0

GROUND PIN CURRENT (mA)

GROUND PIN CURRENT (mA)

RLOAD = 22
ILOAD = 150mA*

TJ = 25C
9 VOUT = VADJ

8
RLOAD = 33
ILOAD = 150mA*

7
6

RLOAD = 50
ILOAD = 100mA*

5
4
3

RLOAD = 100
ILOAD = 50mA*

2
1

*FOR VOUT = 3.3V

0

10

TJ = 25C

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

10

LT1121
Ground Pin Current

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

2.0

10

TJ = 25C
TJ = 55C

4
2
0

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4

25

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

4
3
2
1
0
50

25

100

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

100

125

1121 G19

10

ILOAD = 150mA

1.4
1.2

ILOAD = 1mA

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4

0
50

125

25

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

100

125

1121 G18

LT1121
Adjust Pin Bias Current
400
ADJUST PIN BIAS CURRENT (nA)

SHUTDOWN PIN INPUT CURRENT (mA)

SHUTDOWN PIN CURRENT (A)

3 4 5 6 7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

0.2

25

1.6

Shutdown Pin Input Current

1121 G17

Shutdown Pin Current

*FOR VOUT = 3.75V

1.8

1.4

0
50

40 60 80 100 120 140 160

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

VSHDN = 0V

RLOAD = 75
ILOAD = 50mA*

2.0

1.6

1121 G16

Shutdown Pin Threshold

(Off-to-On)

0.2

10

RLOAD = 38
ILOAD = 100mA*

1121 G15

SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD (V)

TJ = 125C

20

ILOAD = 1mA

1.8
SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD (V)

GROUND PIN CURRENT (mA)

14

Shutdown Pin Threshold

(On-to-Off)

VIN = 3.3V (LT1121-3.3)

VIN = 5V (LT1121-5)
12 V = 3.75V (LT1121)
IN
DEVICE IS OPERATING
10 IN DROPOUT

RLOAD = 25
ILOAD = 150mA*

1121 G14

Ground Pin Current

*FOR VOUT = 5V

1121 G13

GROUND PIN CURRENT (mA)

10

LT1121-5
Ground Pin Current

20

15

10

350
300
250
200
150
100
50

0
0

7
3
8
2
5
6
4
SHUTDOWN PIN VOLTAGE (V)

1121 G20

0
50

25

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

100

125

1121 G21

1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Reverse Output Current

Current Limit
400

20
15
10
5

VOUT = 0V

350

VIN = 7V
350 VOUT = 0V

300

300

250
200
150
100
50

0
50

0
50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

25

100

125

Reverse Output Current

4
3
2
5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

80

60
58
56
54
52

LT1121-5

COUT = 47F
SOLID TANTALUM

70
60
50
40
30

COUT = 1F
SOLID TANTALUM

3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

10

50
50

10

0
25

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

1121 G25

OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DEVIATION (V)

ILOAD = 1mA TO 150mA

LT1121-3.3

15
20

10

100

1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)

100k

1M
1121 G27

LT1121-5
Load Transient Response

5
LT1121*

125

1121 G26

Load Regulation

10

100

LT1121-5
Load Transient Response

VIN = 6V
0.2 CIN = 0.1F
= 1F
C
0.1 OUT

OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DEVIATION (V)

125

IOUT = 100mA
90 VIN = 6V + 50mVRMS RIPPLE

20

10

100

Ripple Rejection

20

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

100

RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)

RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)

OUTPUT PIN CURRENT (A)

LT1121-3.3

25

1121 G24

VIN = VOUT (NOMINAL) + 1V

+ 0.5VP-P RIPPLE AT f = 120Hz
62
IOUT = 100mA

40

100

Ripple Rejection

LT1121
(VOUT = VADJ)

30

150

0
50

64

TJ = 25C
90 VIN = 0V
CURRENT FLOWS
80 INTO OUTPUT PIN
70

50

200

1121 G23

100

60

250

50

1121 G22

0
0.1
0.2

VIN = 6V
0.2 CIN = 0.1F
COUT = 3.3F
0.1
0
0.1
0.2

LT1121-5

30
35

* ADJ PIN TIED TO

OUTPUT PIN

40
50

25

50
25
0
75
TEMPERATURE (C)

100

125

1121 G28

LOAD CURRENT
(mA)

25
LOAD CURRENT
(mA)

LOAD REGULATION (mV)

Current Limit
400

CURRENT LIMIT (mA)

VIN = 0V
VOUT = 5V (LT1121-5)
25 VOUT = 3.3V (LT1121-3.3)
VOUT = 3.8V (LT1121)

SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA)

OUTPUT PIN CURRENT (A)

30

150
100
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
TIME (ms)
1121 G29

150
100
50
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
TIME (ms)
1121 G30

1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
PIN FUNCTIONS
Input Pin: Power is supplied to the device through the
input pin. The input pin should be bypassed to ground if
the device is more than six inches away from the main
input lter capacitor. In general the output impedance of a
battery rises with frequency so it is usually adviseable to
include a bypass capacitor in battery-powered circuits. A
bypass capacitor in the range of 0.1F to 1F is sufcient.
The LT1121 is designed to withstand reverse voltages on
the input pin with respect to both ground and the output
pin. In the case of a reversed input, which can happen if
a battery is plugged in backwards, the LT1121 will act as
if there is a diode in series with its input. There will be no
reverse current ow into the LT1121 and no reverse voltage will appear at the load. The device will protect both
itself and the load.
Output Pin: The output pin supplies power to the load. An
output capacitor is required to prevent oscillations. See
the Applications Information section for recommended
value of output capacitance and information on reverse
output characteristics.
Shutdown Pin: This pin is used to put the device into
shutdown. In shutdown the output of the device is turned

off. This pin is active low. The device will be shut down if
the shutdown pin is pulled low. The shutdown pin current
with the pin pulled to ground will be 6A. The shutdown
pin is internally clamped to 7V and 0.6V (one VBE). This
allows the shutdown pin to be driven directly by 5V logic or
by open collector logic with a pull-up resistor. The pull-up
resistor is only required to supply the leakage current of
the open collector gate, normally several microamperes.
Pull-up current must be limited to a maximum of 20mA.
A curve of shutdown pin input current as a function of
voltage appears in the Typical Performance Characteristics.
If the shutdown pin is not used it can be left open circuit.
The device will be active, output on, if the shutdown pin
is not connected.
Adjust Pin: For the adjustable LT1121, the adjust pin
is the input to the error amplier. This pin is internally
clamped to 6V and 0.6V (one VBE). It has a bias current
of 150nA which ows into the pin. See Bias Current curve
in the Typical Performance Characteristics. The adjust
pin reference voltage is 3.75V referenced to ground. The
output voltage range that can be produced by this device
is 3.75V to 30V.

1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The LT1121 is a micropower low dropout regulator with
shutdown, capable of supplying up to 150mA of output
current at a dropout voltage of 0.4V. The device operates
with very low quiescent current (30A). In shutdown the
quiescent current drops to only 16A. In addition to the
low quiescent current the LT1121 incorporates several
protection features which make it ideal for use in battery-powered systems. The device is protected against
both reverse input voltages and reverse output voltages.
In battery backup applications where the output can be
held up by a backup battery when the input is pulled to
ground, the LT1121 acts like it has a diode in series with
its output and prevents reverse current ow.

approximately 15ppm/C. The adjust pin bias current has

a negative temperature coefcient. These effects are small
and will tend to cancel each other.
The adjustable device is specied with the adjust pin tied
to the output pin. This sets the output voltage to 3.75V.
Specications for output voltage greater than 3.75V will
be proportional to the ratio of the desired output voltage
to 3.75V (VOUT/3.75V). For example: load regulation for
an output current change of 1mA to 150mA is 12mV
typical at VOUT = 3.75V. At VOUT = 12V, load regulation
would be:

12V 
 3.75V  ( 12mV ) = ( 38mV )

Adjustable Operation
The adjustable version of the LT1121 has an output voltage
range of 3.75V to 30V. The output voltage is set by the
ratio of two external resistors as shown in Figure 1. The
device servos the output voltage to maintain the voltage
at the adjust pin at 3.75V. The current in R1 is then equal
to 3.75V/R1. The current in R2 is equal to the sum of the
current in R1 and the adjust pin bias current. The adjust
pin bias current, 150nA at 25C, ows through R2 into the
adjust pin. The output voltage can be calculated according
to the formula in Figure 1. The value of R1 should be less
than 400k to minimize errors in the output voltage caused
by the adjust pin bias current. Note that in shutdown the
output is turned off and the divider current will be zero.
Curves of Adjust Pin Voltage vs Temperature and Adjust
Pin Bias Current vs Temperature appear in the Typical
Performance Characteristics. The reference voltage at the
adjust pin has a slight positive temperature coefcient of
IN

VOUT

OUT
LT1121

R2

SHDN

ADJ

R1

GND

1121 F01

VOUT = 3.75V 1 + R2 + IADJ R2

R1
VADJ = 3.75V
IADJ = 150nA AT 25C
OUTPUT RANGE = 3.75V TO 30V

Figure 1. Adjustable Operation

Thermal Considerations
Power handling capability will be limited by maximum
rated junction temperature (125C). Power dissipated by
the device will be made up of two components:
1. Output current multiplied by the input/output voltage
differential: IOUT (VIN VOUT), and
2. Ground pin current multiplied by the input voltage:
IGND VIN.
The ground pin current can be found by examining the
Ground Pin Current curves in the Typical Performance
Characteristics. Power dissipation will be equal to the
sum of the two components listed above.
The LT1121 series regulators have internal thermal limiting
designed to protect the device during overload conditions.
For continuous normal load conditions the maximum junction temperature rating of 125C must not be exceeded.
It is important to give careful consideration to all sources
of thermal resistance from junction to ambient. Additional
heat sources mounted nearby must also be considered.
Heat sinking, for surface mount devices, is accomplished
by using the heat spreading capabilities of the PC board
and its copper traces. Copper board stiffeners and plated
through holes can also be used to spread the heat generated by power devices. Tables 1 through 5 list thermal
resistances for each package. Measured values of thermal
resistance for several different board sizes and copper
areas are listed for each package. All measurements were
1121ff

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
taken in still air, on 3/32" FR-4 board with 1oz copper. All
NC leads were connected to the ground plane.
Table 1. N8 Package*
COPPER AREA
TOPSIDE

BACKSIDE

BOARD AREA

THERMAL RESISTANCE
JUNCTION TO AMBIENT

2500 sq mm

80C/W

Table 5. TO-92 Package THERMAL RESISTANCE

Package alone

220C/W

Package soldered into PC board with plated through

holes only

175C/W

Package soldered into PC board with 1/4 sq. inch of

copper trace per lead

145C/W
160C/W

135C/W

1000 sq mm 2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

80C/W

Package soldered into PC board with plated through

holes in board, no extra copper trace, and a clip-on type
heat sink: Thermalloy type 2224B

225 sq mm

2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

85C/W

Aavid type 5754

1000 sq mm 1000 sq mm

1000 sq mm

91C/W

2500 sq mm 2500 sq mm

* Device is mounted on topside. Leads are through hole and are

soldered to both sides of board.

Table 2. S8 Package
COPPER AREA
BOARD AREA

THERMAL RESISTANCE
JUNCTION TO AMBIENT

2500 sq mm 2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

120C/W

1000 sq mm 2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

120C/W

225 sq mm

2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

125C/W

100 sq mm

1000 sq mm

1000 sq mm

131C/W

TOPSIDE*

BACKSIDE

* Device is mounted on topside.

Table 3. AS8 Package*

BOARD AREA

THERMAL RESISTANCE
JUNCTION TO AMBIENT

2500 sq mm 2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

60C/W

1000 sq mm 2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

60C/W

225 sq mm

2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

68C/W

100 sq mm

2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

74C/W

BACKSIDE

* Pins 3, 6 and 7 are ground.

** Device is mounted on topside.

COPPER AREA
BACKSIDE

2500 sq mm 2500 sq mm

BOARD AREA

THERMAL RESISTANCE
JUNCTION TO AMBIENT

2500 sq mm

50C/W

1000 sq mm 2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

50C/W

225 sq mm

2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

58C/W

100 sq mm

2500 sq mm

2500 sq mm

64C/W

1000 sq mm 2500 sq mm

1000 sq mm

57C/W

1000 sq mm

1000 sq mm

60C/W

Power dissipated by the device will be equal to:

IOUT MAX (VIN MAX VOUT) + (IGND VIN)
where, IOUT MAX = 100mA
VIN MAX = 7V
IGND at (IOUT = 100mA, VIN = 7V) = 5mA

* Tab of device attached to topside copper.

P = 100mA (7V 3.3V) + (5mA 7V)

= 0.405W

If we use an SOT-223 package, then the thermal resistance

will be in the range of 50C/W to 65C/W depending on
copper area. So the junction temperature rise above ambient will be less than or equal to:
0.405W 60C/W = 24C
The maximum junction temperature will then be equal to
the maximum junction temperature rise above ambient
plus the maximum ambient temperature or:

Table 4. SOT-223 Package

(Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Tab 20C/W)
TOPSIDE*

Example: given an output voltage of 3.3V, an input voltage

range of 4.5V to 7V, an output current range of 0mA to
100mA, and a maximum ambient temperature of 50C,
what will the maximum junction temperature be?

so,

COPPER AREA
TOPSIDE**

Calculating Junction Temperature

TJMAX = 50C + 24C = 74C

Output Capacitance and Transient Performance
The LT1121 is designed to be stable with a wide range of
output capacitors. The minimum recommended value is 1F
with an ESR of 3 or less. For applications where space
is very limited, capacitors as low as 0.33F can be used if
combined with a small series resistor. Assuming that the
ESR of the capacitor is low (ceramic) the suggested series
1121ff

10

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

Table 6. Suggested Series Resistor Values

OUTPUT CAPACITANCE

SUGGESTED SERIES RESISTOR

0.33F

0.47F

0.68F

>1F

None Needed

Protection Features
The LT1121 incorporates several protection features
which make it ideal for use in battery-powered circuits.
In addition to the normal protection features associated
with monolithic regulators, such as current limiting and
thermal limiting, the device is protected against reverse
input voltages, reverse output voltages, and reverse voltages from output to input.
Current limit protection and thermal overload protection
are intended to protect the device against current overload
conditions at the output of the device. For normal operation,
the junction temperature should not exceed 125C.
The input of the device will withstand reverse voltages
of 30V. Current ow into the device will be limited to less
than 1mA (typically less than 100A) and no negative
voltage will appear at the output. The device will protect
both itself and the load. This provides protection against
batteries that can be plugged in backwards.
For xed voltage versions of the device, the output can
be pulled below ground without damaging the device. If
the input is open circuit or grounded the output can be
pulled below ground by 20V. The output will act like an
open circuit, no current will ow out of the pin. If the input
is powered by a voltage source, the output will source the

short-circuit current of the device and will protect itself by

thermal limiting. For the adjustable version of the device,
the output pin is internally clamped at one diode drop
below ground. Reverse current for the adjustable device
must be limited to 5mA.
In circuits where a backup battery is required, several
different input/output conditions can occur. The output
voltage may be held up while the input is either pulled
to ground, pulled to some intermediate voltage, or is left
open circuit. Current ow back into the output will vary
depending on the conditions. Many battery-powered circuits incorporate some form of power management. The
following information will help optimize battery life. Table
7 summarizes the following information.
The reverse output current will follow the curve in Figure
2 when the input pin is pulled to ground. This current
ows through the output pin to ground. The state of the
shutdown pin will have no effect on output current when
the input pin is pulled to ground.
In some applications it may be necessary to leave the
input to the LT1121 unconnected when the output is held
high. This can happen when the LT1121 is powered from
a rectied AC source. If the AC source is removed, then
the input of the LT1121 is effectively left oating. The
reverse output current also follows the curve in Figure 2
if the input pin is left open. The state of the shutdown pin
will have no effect on the reverse output current when the
input pin is oating.
100

OUTPUT PIN CURRENT (A)

resistor is shown in Table 6. The LT1121 is a micropower

device and output transient response will be a function of
output capacitance. See the Transient Response curves
in the Typical Performance Characteristics. Larger values
of output capacitance will decrease the peak deviations
and provide improved output transient response. Bypass
capacitors, used to decouple individual components
powered by the LT1121, will increase the effective value
of the output capacitor.

TJ = 25C
90 VIN < VOUT
CURRENT FLOWS
80
INTO OUTPUT PIN
70 TO GROUND
LT1121
(VOUT = VADJ)

60
50
40

LT1121-3.3

30
20

LT1121-5

10
0

3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

10

1121 F02

Figure 2. Reverse Output Current

1121ff

11

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
5

VOUT = 3.3V (LT1121-3.3)

VOUT = 5V (LT1121-5)

4
INPUT CURRENT (A)

When the input of the LT1121 is forced to a voltage below

its nominal output voltage and its output is held high, the
reverse output current will still follow the curve in Figure
2. This condition can occur if the input of the LT1121 is
connected to a discharged (low voltage) battery and the
output is held up by either a backup battery or by a second
regulator circuit. When the input pin is forced below the
output pin or the output pin is pulled above the input pin,
the input current will typically drop to less than 2A (see
Figure 3). The state of the shutdown pin will have no effect
on the reverse output current when the output is pulled
above the input.

0
1

3
2
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

5
1121 F03

Figure 3. Input Current

Table 7. Fault Conditions
INPUT PIN

SHDN PIN

OUTPUT PIN

<VOUT (Nominal)

Open (Hi)

Forced to VOUT (Nominal)

Reverse Output Current 15A (See Figure 2)

Input Current 1A (See Figure 3)

<VOUT (Nominal)

Grounded

Forced to VOUT (Nominal)

Reverse Output Current 15A (See Figure 2)

Input Current 1A (See Figure 3)

Open

Open (Hi)

Forced to VOUT (Nominal)

Reverse Output Current 15A (See Figure 2)

Open

Grounded

Forced to VOUT (Nominal)

Reverse Output Current 15A (See Figure 2)

0.8V

Open (Hi)

0V

Output Current = 0

0.8V

Grounded

0V

Output Current = 0

>1.5V

Open (Hi)

0V

Output Current = Short-Circuit Current

30V < VIN < 30V

Grounded

0V

Output Current = 0

1121ff

12

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
N8 Package
8-Lead PDIP (Narrow 0.300)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1510)
.400*
(10.160)
MAX
8

.255 .015*
(6.477 0.381)

.300 .325
(7.620 8.255)

.065
(1.651)
TYP

.008 .015
(0.203 0.381)

+.035
.325 .015
+0.889
8.255
0.381

.130 .005
(3.302 0.127)

.045 .065
(1.143 1.651)

.120
(3.048) .020
MIN (0.508)
MIN
.018 .003

.100
(2.54)
BSC

(0.457 0.076)

N8 1002

NOTE:
1. DIMENSIONS ARE

INCHES
MILLIMETERS
*THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .010 INCH (0.254mm)

S8 Package
8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow 0.150)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1610)
.189 .197
(4.801 5.004)
NOTE 3

.045 .005
.050 BSC
8

.245
MIN

.160 .005

.150 .157
(3.810 3.988)
NOTE 3

.228 .244
(5.791 6.197)

.030 .005
TYP

RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT

.010 .020
45
(0.254 0.508)
.008 .010
(0.203 0.254)

0 8 TYP

.016 .050
(0.406 1.270)
NOTE:
1. DIMENSIONS IN

.053 .069
(1.346 1.752)

.014 .019
(0.355 0.483)
TYP

INCHES
(MILLIMETERS)
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .006" (0.15mm)

.004 .010
(0.101 0.254)

.050
(1.270)
BSC

SO8 0303

1121ff

13

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
ST Package
8-Lead Plastic SOT-223
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1630)
.248 .264
(6.30 6.71)

.129 MAX

.114 .124
(2.90 3.15)

.059 MAX

.264 .287
(6.70 7.30)

.248 BSC

.130 .146
(3.30 3.71)

.039 MAX

.059 MAX

.181 MAX
.033 .041
(0.84 1.04)

.0905
(2.30)
BSC

.090
BSC

RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT

10 16
.010 .014
(0.25 0.36)

10
MAX

.071
(1.80)
MAX

10 16
.024 .033
(0.60 0.84)
.181
(4.60)
BSC

.012
(0.31)
MIN

.0008 .0040
(0.0203 0.1016)
ST3 (SOT-233) 0502

1121ff

14

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
Z Package
8-Lead Plastic TO-92 (Similar to TO-226)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1510)
.180 .005
(4.572 0.127)

.060 .005
(1.524 0.127)
DIA

.90
(2.286)
NOM

.180 .005
(4.572 0.127)

.500
(12.70)
MIN

.050 UNCONTROLLED
(1.270) LEAD DIMENSION
MAX

.016 .003
(0.406 0.076)

.050
(1.27)
BSC

5
NOM

.015 .002
(0.381 0.051)
Z3 (TO-92) 0801

.060 .010
(1.524 0.254)

.098 +.016/.04
(2.5 +0.4/0.1)
2 PLCS
TO-92 TAPE AND REEL
REFER TO TAPE AND REEL SECTION OF
LTC DATA BOOK FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

.140 .010
(3.556 0.127)

10 NOM

1121ff

Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.

However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.

15

LT1121/LT1121-3.3/LT1121-5
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Burst Mode is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.

1121ff

16 Linear Technology Corporation

LT 0907 REV F PRINTED IN USA

1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417

(408) 432-1900 FAX: (408) 434-0507

www.linear.com

LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1994