UNIT 2

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
I
Four alternatives are given under each complete / incomplete statement. Choose the correct answer and put a
tick mark against it:(1)
Microscope was invented by
(a) Leeuwenhock
(b) Parashara
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Robert Brown
(2)
Cell was discovered by
(a) Leeuwenhock
(b) Robert Brown
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Parashara
(3)
A true nucleus is present in
(a) Prokaryotic cell
(b) Baterial cell
(c) Virus
(d) Eukaryotic cell
(4)
The power house of the cell is
(a) Nucleus
(b) Ribosome
(c) Mitochondrion
(d) Lysosome
(5)
A group of cells with similar structure and functions is a
(a) Tissue
(b) Organ
(c) Organ system
(d) Organism
II
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:The combination of different organs which carry out a particular function is called system.
Ribosome helps in protein synthesis.
Lysosome helps in the digestion of organic substances.
Paramecium is an example for unicellular organisms.
The part which controls and co-ordinates all the activities of the cell is nucleus.
In a prokaryote, genetic material is represented by Deoxyribo nucleic acid.

III
(1)

Answer the following questions:Define a cell. Explain the structure of a typical cell.
A cell is described as basic structure and functional unit of an organism.
A cell is made up of colorless jelly like substance called protoplasm, enclosed by a membrane called cell
membrane or plasma membrane. Each cell is differentiated into a nucleus and cytoplasm. Protoplasm inside
the nucleus is nucleoplasm which is surrounded by nuclear membrane. Protoplasm between the nucleus and
plasma membrane is cytoplasm. Inside the cytoplasm, there are several tiny structures called cell organelles.

(2)

Draw a neat diagram of a eukaryotic cell and label its parts.

(3)

Differentiate between an organ and a tissue.

Combination of different types of tissues which performs a specific functions is called as organ. A tissue is a
group of cells with similar structure and function.
(4)
Mention the functions of the parts of the eukaryotic cell.
Nucleus
It controls and co-ordinates all the activities of cell.
Mitochondrion
It helps in producing energy from food. It is called the power house of the cell.
Ribosome
It helps in protein synthesis.

Centriole
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Lysosome

It helps in cell division function of vacuole. It stores wastes, secretions and reserve food
products produced in the cells.
It transports substances from one part of the cell to the other and from one cell to
another.
It helps the secretion of chemicals required for cellular activities.
Helps in digestion of organic substances present in the cell. It destroys its own cell when
cell becomes old or damaged. Hence it is called suicide bag of the cell.

(5)

Distinguish between the following pairs:

(a)
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
(b)
Unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Prokaryotic Cells
(a) Nucleus is primitive without a nuclear membrane
(b) Genetic material is represented by naked DNA in
the centre
(c) Cell organelles like mitochondria, golgi complex,
endoplasmic reticulum is absent
(d) Ribosomes are small in size
Unicellular Organisms
(a) Organisms made up of a single cell
(b) Cell feeds, grows, respires, excretes and reproduces
like complex organism
(c) They are microscopic or large
(d) Ex: Amoeba, Euglena

Eukaryotic Cells
(a) True nucleus is present with definite nuclear
membrane
(b) Genetic material is organized into definite
chromosomes
(c) Cell organelles are present
(d) Ribosomes are large in size
Multicellular Organisms
(a) Body is made up of many cells
(b) Cells are differentiated to perform specific functions
(c) They may be microscopic
(d) Ex: Hydra, Elephant

(6)

Name the four levels of body organization in organisms.

The four levels of body organization are:
Organism System Organ Tissue Cell.

(7)

Draw a neat labelled diagram of prokaryotic cell.

(8)

Describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell.

In lower organisms like prokaryotes, the body is made up of simple cell. In this cell the nucleus is not
surrounded by a nuclear membrane. The genetic material represented by Deoxy Ribo Nucleic Acid (DNA). The cell is
surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall. The cytoplasm shows small ribosomes but organelles like
mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex are absent. A cell with this pattern of organization is called
a prokaryotic cell and the organism that possesses this type of a cell is called a prokaryote.
(9)

Mention the advantage of tissue-organ level of body organization.

The advantages of tissue-organ level of body organization is the division of labour where many systems
work together in our body to carry out the life processes.