Digital Line Unit G (DLUG)

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Digital Line Unit G (DLUG)
A30828-X1150-K109-2-7618
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Important Notice on Product Safety

Elevated voltages are inevitably present at specific points in this electrical equipment. Some of the
parts may also have elevated operating temperatures.
Non-observance of these conditions and the safety instructions can result in personal injury or in property damage.
Therefore, only trained and qualified personnel may install and maintain the system.
The system complies with the standard EN 60950 / IEC 60950. All equipment connected has to comply
with the applicable safety standards.
The same text in German:

Wichtiger Hinweis zur Produktsicherheit
In elektrischen Anlagen stehen zwangslufig bestimmte Teile der Gerte unter Spannung. Einige Teile
knnen auch eine hohe Betriebstemperatur aufweisen.
Eine Nichtbeachtung dieser Situation und der Warnungshinweise kann zu Krperverletzungen und
Sachschden fhren.
Deshalb wird vorausgesetzt, dass nur geschultes und qualifiziertes Personal die Anlagen installiert und
wartet.
Das System entspricht den Anforderungen der EN 60950 / IEC 60950. Angeschlossene Gerte
mssen die zutreffenden Sicherheitsbestimmungen erfllen.
Trademarks:
All designations used in this document can be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their
own purposes could violate the rights of their owners.
Copyright (C) Siemens AG 2000-2001.

Issued by the Information and Communication Networks Group
Hofmannstrae 51
D-81359 Mnchen
Technical modifications possible.
Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as
they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract.
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This document consists of a total of 34 pages. All pages are issue 2.
Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
DLUG Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Central Functional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Peripheral Functional Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Functional Units for Remote Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
DLU for V5.1 Interfaces (DLUV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Transmission Systems in the DLUG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.8
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
DLUG Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Central Functional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control for Digital Line Unit (DLUC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus Distributor Module (BDG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peripheral Functional Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module, Analog (SLMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module, Digital (SLMD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access,
Feature-Programmable Modem (SLMI:FMx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SLMI:AMx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SLMI:SDx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Packet Hub
(SLMI:PHUB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Modem
Pool Card (SLMI:MPx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metallic Test Access Type B (MTAB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Units for Remote Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standalone Service Control (SASC-G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
External Alarm Set (ALEX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safeguarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
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19
19
20
21
21
22
24
24
25
26
26
27
28
28
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1 Introduction
The digital line unit G (DLUG) is used to connect subscriber lines to the switch and to
concentrate the traffic on those lines in the direction of the network node.
DLUGs can be installed as an integral part of the network node or located outside the
node, in the vicinity of a group of subscribers. Remote DLUGs can be installed, for instance, in permanent buildings, containers or shelters (for a very small group of subscribers). Reducing the length of the subscriber lines in this way, and concentrating the line
traffic to the network node onto digital and optical transmission links, results in an economical line network with optimum transmission quality.
The following types of line can be connected to a DLUG:
analog subscriber lines (plain old telephone service, POTS)
ISDN basic access arrangements (ISDN-BA)
high bit-rate xDSL lines operating at up to 8 Mbit/s, such as: G.Lite (asymmetrical
digital subscriber line (ADSL) with reduced bandwidth), asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL), symmetrical digital subscriber line (SDSL)
V5.1 interfaces (DLUV)
line/network termination modules LTCD
Analog subscriber lines and ISDN basic access lines provide subscribers with reliable
access to conventional telephone services and access to the Internet via a point of
presence (PoP).
Internet traffic using xDSL services is separated from voice traffic in the DLU, before reaching the rest of the switch. It is concentrated in the packet hub (PHub) and routed directly to the Internet service provider (ISP), without placing any load on the network
node.
The DLUG provides a V5.1 interface for the connection of other vendors access networks (AN). V5.1 is the name of an interface standard that allows different vendors
hardware to inter-operate, for instance an AN and a network node.
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Switching
network
Access
RSU
HTI
DLU
SN
LTG
LTG
Signaling
CCNC
SSNC
* alternative
Management
Control
MB
NetManager
CP
CCG
Features
The DLUG offers the following main features:
High traffic capacity (up to 390 erlangs)
High level of reliability, assured by
connection of the DLUG to up to four line/trunk groups (LTG)
duplication of DLU units, with centralized functions and load sharing
continuous self-tests
High transmission capacity to the Internet (data rate up to 8 Mbit/s)
Cost-effective deployment, with a choice of local or remote operation
Separation of Internet traffic, sparing the load on the network node
Emergency mode in remote DLUs in the event of total failure of the transmission
links to the network node
Reduced footprint (50% less)
30% reduction in the power dissipation of analog ports
Small failure units of 32 analog ports
Complete freedom to mix SLMA and SLMD
Up to 8 packet data channels between DLUG and frame/packet handler
For more detailed performance data, see Technical Data.
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Structure
The hardware units of the DLUG are grouped in three major sets of functional units:
central functional units
peripheral functional units
functional units for remote operation
The central functional units of the DLUG are duplicated and together form DLU systems
0 and 1.
The peripheral functional units comprise:
subscriber line modules (SLM)
test equipment
The high bit-rate subscriber line modules for ADSL, G.Lite and SDSL, and the packet
hub, are add-on units to the peripheral functional units.
The functional units for remote operation comprise:
standalone service control (SASC)
external alarm set (ALEX)
For information on the mechanical design of the DLUG see Maintenance Manual Mechanical Design.
Bild 1.1 gives an overview of the structure of the DLUG functional units.
Analog lines
SLMA
Digital lines
(ISDN-BA)
SLMD
V5.1 interfaces
DLUV
Internet
users
SLMI
DLU side 1
(DLUC)
LTG
DLU side 0
(DLUC)
HBRS (high bit-rate

star interface)
PHub
Internet
Test bus
LTBAM
Standalone service control
SASC
External alarm
set
ALEX
Line/network termination LTCD
Central functional units

Peripheral functional units
Functional units for
remote operation
Bild 1.1
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DLUG functional units
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Interfaces
The DLUG has the following external interfaces:
Subscriber line interfaces
POTS and ISDN functions are provided via the analog and digital subscriber line
modules in the DLUG.
The high bit-rate xDSL subscriber lines offer cost-efficient access to the Internet.
Interfaces to LTG
The DLUG can be connected to line/trunk group N (LTGN) via up to 16 primary digital carriers (PDC).
The local DLU interface (LDI) in the LTG allows the DLUG to be connected to an
LTGN via four 4096-kbit/s links instead of eight 2048-kbit/s links.
ISP (Internet service provider) interface
The DLUG has the following internal interfaces:
ATM interfaces
Data traffic and Internet protocols (simple network management protocol, SNMP)
are transmitted between the xDSL modules and the packet hub via the ATM interfaces.
Control network (CN) interface
The CN interface is used for module control by means of MML and for line signaling
for analog calls.
Transmission systems in the DLUG
The transmission systems implemented in the DLUG support connections to the network node and to other remote DLUs (e.g. remote shelter), and if required to other 2Mbit/s interfaces such as to V5.1 networks.
For these functions, the DLUG can be equipped with HDSL (high-rate digital subscriber
line) transmission systems for copper cable.
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2 DLUG Functions
The sequence of functions required to handle a call request and their path through the
network node are illustrated in Fig. 2.1
Calling party
DLU
SLM
DLUC
DLU
SLM
DLUC
SN
LTG
GP
LTG
GP
CP
Fig. 2.1
Schematic of the functional sequence of a call request
Call request by a calling subscriber

The subscriber line modules (SLM) detect the calling subscribers call attempt through
their cyclic polling of the subscriber lines, and report detection to the control for DLU
(DLUC).
The DLUC forwards the call request to the group processor (GP) in the LTG.
The GP then identifies the subscribers line category by interrogating its database, selects a free timeslot for the call on the channels leading to the switching network (SN),
and sends a message to the coordination processor (CP) with information on the call
request and the selected timeslot. The GP makes a corresponding selection for the connection to the DLU and sends a message identifying the selected timeslot to the DLUC.
The outgoing and incoming timeslots are then connected together in the subscriber line
modules in order to test the circuit on the side of the calling party.
The CP analyzes the dialing information, determines the destination of the call request
and identifies the tariff zone. The CP checks its database to see whether the called party
is free. If the called party is busy, the call request is rejected. The CP selects a path
through the switching network.
The following sections describe the method of working of the various functional units of
the DLUG and their components in detail.
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Central Functional Units

The central functional units of the DLUG are duplicated and together form DLU sides 0
and 1. The central functional units are:
control for DLU (DLUC)
bus distributor module (BDG)
bus systems (voice bus and data bus, CD bus)
The central functional units of the DLUG are failure units. If a fault occurs in a central
functional unit on one DLU side, call processing is still able to continue via the other DLU
side (load restriction).
Control for DLU (DLUC)
The control for DLU (DLUC) controls the execution of functions inside the DLU and performs safeguarding tasks for all of the functional units in the DLUG. In addition, the
DLUC controls communication with the LTGs in both directions.
The DLUs internal control bus leads from the DLUC to the shelves. All functional units
that are equipped with their own input/output processor for DLUC (IOP:DLUC) are addressed via this bus. The units are polled cyclically for messages waiting to be sent, and
are accessed for the transfer of commands and data.
Another task of the DLUC is to execute test and monitoring routines with the aim of detecting errors. It also interrogates external alarm information.
The control for DLU (DLUC) performs a variety of functions:
Digital interface unit (DIU)/local DLU interface (LDI) function
The DIU/LDI function provides the following interfaces:
PCM30 interfaces (or PCM24 interfaces)
The DIU function has eight 2048-kbit/s interfaces for the connection of eight
PCM30 primary digital carriers (PDC). The PDCs provide the links between the
DLU and the line/trunk groups N (LTGN). Balanced or coaxial cables can be used
for these links.
LDI interface
The LDI function has four 4096-kbit/s interfaces for the connection of one local
(co-located) DLU to the LTGNs. Balanced copper cables are used for this link. On
the LDI connection, the content of 240 voice or data circuits and four signaling
links (common channel signaling, CCS) are transmitted over four 4096-kbit/s multiplex lines (instead of eight PCM30 multiplex lines).
Group clock generator (GCG) function
The GCG function generates the 4096-kHz system clock (CLK) required for the
DLUG and the associated frame synchronization (FS) signal from the regenerated
2048-kHz line clock from the PDCs and the line frame signal. To ensure dependability, the GCG is duplicated.
GCG0 and GCG1 operate on the master/slave principle. Under normal operating
conditions, the clock generator designated as the master is active and selects the
clock signals for both DLU sides. If the master clock generator fails, there is a
changeover to the slave generator, which then takes control of the selection of clock
signals for both DLU sides.
External alarm set (ALEX) function
There are two groups of ALEX functions: one group implemented on the DLUC module and another group implemented as an independent ALEX (external alarm set)
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module. The external alarm set forwards alarm signals (e.g. power failure, overheating, unauthorized entry,...) to the network node.
The choice between the ALEX function implemented in the DLUC and that provided
by the external alarm set (ALEX) module depends on the operators alarm requirements.
The principle difference lies in the interfaces. The external alarm set module (ALEX)
has 16 outputs, all at 60 V. The ALEX function in the DLUC only has 15 outputs, 11
at TTL level (e.g. for shelter applications) and 4 at 60 V.
The DLUC supports the ALEX function for alarm lines of up to 2 m in length. If the
length of the alarm lines exceeds 2 m, the ALEX module must be used.
Bus distributor module (BDG)
The bus distributor module (BDG) forms the link between the subscriber line modules
(SLM) and the central functional unit DLUC on one DLU side. A DLUG can accommodate up to four BDG modules per DLU side.
Each BDG is assigned to a specific DLU side in terms of control bus, voice and data bus
and collision detection (CD) bus. The BDGs in shelves 0, 2, 4 and 6 are assigned to DLU
side 0, while the BDGs in shelves 1, 3, 5 and 7 are assigned to DLU side 1. One BDG
serves one system side containing 32 SLMs.
Bus systems
Communication between the central functional units and the peripheral functional units
takes place over a duplicated bus system. The components of the DLUG duplicated bus
system are:
Voice and data bus
The voice and data buses transfer user information (voice and data) to and from the
SLMs at a rate of 4096 kHz or 8196 kHz. There is a fixed allocation between the
channels of the voice and data buses and the channels of the PDCs, determined by
the DIU/LDI function in the DLUC.
Each voice and data bus has its point of departure in one of the functional units
DLUC0 or DLUC1 (star network from the DIU component to the BDGs, star bus from
the BDGs to the SLMs).
Within a shelf, the flow of information on each bus system is routed via the BDGs to
all mounting locations for SLM. This means that every SLM can be reached from
both sides of the DLU.
The bus signals are synchronized with the system clock.
Collision detection (CD) bus
The collision detection bus is duplicated and is used exclusively by the digital subscriber line modules (SLMD) or the Internet subscriber line modules (SLMI:SDx). It
runs parallel to the voice and data bus. The collision detection bus regulates bus access. If two different SLMs try to send data over the Bd channel (a B channel used
for a packet data connection) to the LTG at the same time, the collision detection bus
prevents them from accessing the Bd channel simultaneously. One timeslot is reserved for the Bd channel on the voice and data bus.
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Control bus 0/1 (CN bus)

The two control buses carry control information, i.e. line signaling and commands
from the DLUC to the SLMs and line signaling and messages in the opposite direction. They have a bit rate of 187.5 kbit/s or 375 kbit/s in both directions.
Each control bus has its point of departure in one of the functional units DLUC0 and
DLUC1. The DLUC addresses each SLM separately over a star network.
At the output of the BDG units, the control bus is distributed onward in groups to the
mounting locations for functional units equipped with microprocessors. The control
buses are routed to every mounting location in the shelves, enabling the second bus
to serve all mounting locations in the event of failure on one control bus.
In the BDG units, the signals are regenerated and fanned out to further outputs leading to the periphery, and signals arriving from the periphery are concentrated onto
fewer lines.
2.2
Peripheral Functional Units

The interface to the subscriber is formed by the subscriber line modules (SLM) and the
test equipment.
The peripheral functional units comprise the following modules:
Subscriber line modules (SLM)
Subscriber line module, analog (SLMA)
Subscriber line module, digital (SLMD)
Asymmetrical digital subscriber line, G.Lite standard (G.Lite)
Subscriber line module with Internet access, asymmetrical digital subscriber line
(SLMI:AMx)
Subscriber line module with Internet access, symmetrical digital line (SLMI:SDx)
Subscriber line module with Internet access, packet hub (SLMI:PHUB)
Subscriber line module with Internet access, modem pool card (SLMI:MPx)
Test equipment
Metallic test access, type B (MTAB)
Subscriber line module, analog (SLMA)
Analog subscribers are connected to the DLU by means of the Subscriber line module,
analog (SLMA). The SLMA provides self-healing protection against short circuits on the
subscriber line.
An SLMA module contains 32 analog subscriber line circuits (SLCA) and a common
control unit containing the processor (DOLCE). Subscriber lines with normal and special
functions (e.g. coinbox lines) can be connected to the SLMA.
The full range of ILTF functions is implemented in the available SLMA modules by
means of test functions integrated in the line circuits:
Periodic access test (PAT)
All of the connected subscriber lines are tested at 5-minute intervals. If the line parameters, such as capacitance or resistance, lie outside defined, programmable limits, an error message is sent to the NetManager.
Open test interface (OTI)
The OTI replaces the use of test probes for external test systems with integrated line
test functions, providing access to test data recorded in the LTG or CP through the
OTI. In systems where the OTI is used, there is no need for module LTBAM to pro-
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vide test access between the individual shelves and the test interfaces and the test
switching relays on the SLMAs.
Several versions of the SLMA are available:
SLMA:ITFG
Subscriber line module, analog, with integrated test and measurement functions (integrated line test function, ILTF), without classical MTA, for 32 subscriber lines
SLMA:ITMG
Subscriber line module, analog, with ILTF, for classical MTAB, for 32 subscribers
SLMA:ITHG
Subscriber line module, analog, with ILTF, for classical MTAB, for 32 subscribers,
with higher loop current at ports 0, 1 and 2
Module SLMA:ITHG provides the option of connecting special-purpose terminals
that require a higher amperage, up to 45mA (e.g. certain coinbox phones) to the first
3 ports.
Subscriber line module, digital (SLMD)
A Subscriber line module, digital (SLMD) contains 16 digital subscriber line circuits
(SLCD). Each subscriber line circuit provides an interface for ISDN basic access (BA).
Tab. 2.1 lists the SLMD variants that can be deployed.
SLMD type
Number of
line circuits
Line code*
(depending on ISDN BA)
ILTF
SLMD:TFB
16
4B3T
SLMD:QFB
16
2B1Q
2B1Q = 2 binary signals to 1 quaternary signal

4B3T = 4 binary signals to 3 ternary signals
Tab. 2.1
SLMD types
The SLMD (with ILTF) provides a periodic access test (PAT) function. This test involves
activating layer 1 at the SLMD ports at regular intervals of 5 minutes; if it is possible to
activate the layer at least as far as the ISDN network termination (NT), the line is considered to be accessible.
The PAT does not test the ability of the line circuit to receive power feed nor the analog
line parameters of the SLMD; if an error is detected when layer 1 is activated for testing,
the SLMD performs further fault analysis on the line circuit and reports the cause of the
error to the system.
If needed, the system is capable of starting other analysis routines. The ability of the
SLCD to receive power feed and the analog parameters of the ISDN line can be tested.
To do this, a selected SLMA with ILTF function is used in pure ILTF mode. The first 8
SLCAs (0...7) on this ILTF test SLMA are reserved for special test functions. The special
test functions are: test of the ability of the ILTF-SLMD to receive power feed, measurement of the analog parameters of the ISDN line for fault location, monitoring functions.
Subscriber lines can be connected to the other 24 SLCAs (8...32) on the ILTF test SLMA.
Ringing ac voltage is not fed to the SLMD. The SLMD sends a digital ringing command
to the terminal and ringing tone is generated in the terminal itself.
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Asymmetrical digital subscriber line, G.Lite standard (G.Lite)

The G.Lite function is implemented on the subscriber line module with Internet access,
feature-programmable modem (SLMI:FMx). It has data functions in accordance with
ITU-T standard G.992, and always has to be deployed in conjunction with the packet
hub.
Each SLMI:FMx module offers combined data and POTS functions for up to 16 subscriber lines. Incoming voice and data traffic arriving over the subscriber line is separated in the SLMI:FMx. Analog telephone signals are treated in the same way as by the
classical analog subscriber line module (SLMA). Data traffic is forwarded to the packet
hub over HBRS connections.
Subscriber line module with Internet access, asymmetrical digital subscriber line
(SLMI:AMx)
The ADSL function is implemented on the subscriber line module with Internet access,
asymmetrical digital subscriber line (SLMI:AMx). It always has to be deployed in conjunction with the packet hub.
Each SLMI:AMx module offers combined data and POTS or ISDN functions for up to 8
subscriber lines. Incoming voice and data traffic arriving over the subscriber line is separated in the SLMI:AMx. Analog telephone signals are treated in the same way as by
the classical analog subscriber line module (SLMA). Digital telephone signals are treated in the same way as by the classical digital subscriber line module (SLMD). Data traffic
is forwarded to the packet hub over HBRS connections.
Subscriber line module with Internet access, symmetrical digital line (SLMI:SDx)
The SDSL function is implemented on the subscriber line module with Internet access,
symmetrical digital subscriber line (SLMI:SDx). It always has to be deployed in conjunction with the packet hub.
Each SLMI:SDx module offers combined data and ISDN functions for eight subscriber
lines.
The SLMI:SDx module emulates the functions of the analog subscriber line module (SLMA) for low transmission-rate services at any analog subscriber interface, or the functions of the digital subscriber line module (SLMD) at ISDN basic access interfaces. The
voice and data streams arriving from the SDSL network termination (SDSL-NT) are separated in the SLMI:SDx. From there, the data stream is routed via HBRS interfaces to
the packet hub (PHub), a concentrator for ATM. The DLUG is also designed for internal
ATM between SLMI and PHub.
Subscriber line module with Internet access, packet hub (SLMI:PHUB)
The subscriber line module with Internet access, packet hub (SLMI:PHUB) is used in
conjunction with the G.Lite module SLMI:FMx, the ADSL module SLMI:AMx and/or the
SDSL module SLMI:SDx.
The main function of the packet hub is to transfer the data received from SLMI:FMx and
SLMI:SDx to the network interfaces (e.g. 100BASE-T, E3/T3 or E1/T1, STM1).
Various options are available for transporting the data onward to the Internet service
provider (ISP) via:
ATM multiplexer (cross-connect function)
remote access server (RAS)
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Up to eight SLMI:FMxs, up to six SLMI:AMxs and up to eight SLMI:SDxs can be connected to the packet hub.
Redundancy is a further feature of the packet hub. When a complete shelf is equipped
with redundant modules, every Internet subscriber line module is linked to both packet
hubs via HBRS interfaces. The packet hubs communicate via the ATM cross channel
and operate in master/slave mode. In the event of failure of the master unit, the other
packet hub takes over the traffic handling for all Internet subscriber line modules.
Subscriber line module with Internet access, modem pool card
(SLMI:MPx)
The subscriber line module with Internet access, modem pool card (SLMI:MPx) is used
in conjunction with the SLMI:PHUB.
The main function of the modem pool card to assist in signal processing tasks and to
provide an interface between the subscriber lines (analog or ISDN) and the packet hub.
A maximum of two packet hubs can be connected to the modem pool card.
Metallic test access (MTA)
Metallic test access (MTA) allows external subscriber-line test systems to access the
subscriber lines connected to the DLUs. The DLU utilizes metallic test access type B
(MTAB), which is implemented by module LTBAM.
To provide the type-B metallic test access function (MTAB), as shown in Fig. 2.2, one
LTBAM module is installed in each DLU. This gives the DLU two test interfaces. External
test equipment is connected to the analog subscriber lines to be tested by means of
module LTBAM in the DLU and the test matrix units in the SLMAs. Two tests can be performed simultaneously on a DLU using external test equipment.
All tests and measurements are performed via the test interfaces, which are located in
the DLU. They provide metallic test access for the external test equipment and measuring instruments installed locally in the network node. The test interface of a specific DLU
is used to test the subscriber lines connected to that DLU.
The test interfaces are activated and deactivated via the control interface, which is implemented by an MF-PC (PC with switching functions) located in the network node. It is
connected to an external test system and to the coordination processor (CP) by means
of control lines. The MF-PC converts the test systems message format into the standard
message format used by the switching system.
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DLU
Metallic test
access
CP
LTBAM*
DLU
External
test
equipment
LTBAM*
DLU
LTBAM*
DLU
LTBAM*
Conversion of
activation commands into MML
commands
Activation
command
Activation command
(signaling)
MF-PC
* The SLMs are accessed via the LTBAM (tip/ring)

Fig. 2.2
2.3
Metallic test access type B (MTAB)
Functional Units for Remote Operation

The following additional modules are required for remote operation:
standalone service control (SASC-G)
Standalone service control for remote DLUG
A DLU switches to standalone service in situations where it is unable to communicate
with at least one LTG over a PCM system (PDC) with common channel signaling (CCS),
e.g. in the event of a total failure of all connections to the LTGs.
When a remote DLUG is operating in standalone mode, the Standalone Service Control
(SASC-G) allows the connected subscribers to set up calls to other subscribers served
by the same DLU (DLU internal traffic). For subscribers with DTMF dialing served by that
DLU, the SASC-G reconfigures the tone receivers to allow them to continue to use
DTMF dialing.
The SASC-G handles signaling and speech-path control within the DLU and for subscribers served by a remote DLUG (e.g. remote shelter DLU).
DLU internal traffic allows a maximum of 30 calls (or 60 channels) to be processed simultaneously. The 31st call request does not receive dial tone because no more channels are available.
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The main functions of the SASC-G under normal operating conditions are:
Supervisory functions, e.g.
Storing DLU data (SLM information, subscriber data, e.g., directory numbers)
Verifying the integrity of stored code and data
Performing diagnosis at the request of the DLUC
Monitoring information received from the DLUC, e.g. changes of state
Receiving and storing data sent by the LTG via the DLUC relating to changes to or
additional properties of subscriber lines and ports
Starting standalone service, on receipt of simultaneous requests from both DLUCs.
The SASC-Gs switch to standalone service after a guard time of <60 s (after the request for standalone service from the two DLUCs).
The main functions of the SASC-G in standalone service are:
controlling the setup and release of calls made by subscribers served by that DLUG
verifying the database and updating it when necessary (after restoral of normal operating conditions)
carrying out internal hardware routine tests and some supervisory functions (equivalent to those carried out under normal operating conditions)
controlling the tone receivers
terminating standalone service when the connection between at least one DLUC
and the network node has been restored
Alarm treatment
The External Alarm Set (ALEX) is used to forward up to 16 different external alarms (e.g.
power failure, unauthorized access) to the NetManager and/or the network node.
Operators can choose to use the DLUC ALEX function or install external alarm set modules (ALEX), according to their requirements.
The ALEX performs the following functions:
reading, identifying and evaluating the states of up to 16 alarm contacts
handling data communication with DLUC0 and DLUC1
monitoring its own firmware and terminating the exchange of data with the DLUCs
on detection of firmware errors
monitoring its own hardware and sending analysis reports on detection of hardware
faults
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2.4
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DLU for V5.1 Interfaces (DLUV)

The DLUV is used for the connection of up to 10 V5.1 interfaces. The DLUV is an autonomous DLU without any logical connection to the DLUG.
Further information can be found in the description entitled Digital Line Unit V (DLUV)
2.5
Transmission Systems in the DLUG

The transmission systems in the DLUG provide support for connections to the network
node or to other remote DLUs (e.g. remote shelter) and, if required, to other 2-Mbit/s interfaces such as V5.1 networks.
For such purposes, the DLUG can be equipped with transmission systems supporting
the HDSL (high bit-rate digital subscriber line) standard for copper cable.
Transmission systems for the DLUG:
Line termination equipment consisting of:
line/network termination for 2 lines operating at 2 Mbit/s each, copper cable using
HDSL standard (LTCD)
The network components for transmission functions can be configured according to customer requirements and allow remote DLUs to be deployed in a star configuration in the
network. The required number of transmission units depends on the necessary transmission capacity, the network structure and the number of subscribers to be served by
the DLUs.
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3 DLUG Hardware
The DLUG hardware is composed of a number of functional groups:
The functions of the functional units are implemented in hardware modules.
1
32
SLMA32
DLU side 0
PDC0
DLUC
1
16
BDG
PDC7
DIU/LDI
SLMD16
LTBAM (opt.)
GCG
PDC8
ALEX
function
PDC15
1
n
SLMI:AMx
Packet hub
to Internet via:
1
16
1
4
SLMI:FMx
E1,T1
E3,T3
SLMI:SDA
SLMI:SDx
STM1
HBRS
100BaseT
SASC-G
ALEX
1
10
Fig. 3.1
3.1
LTCD
DLUV (V5.1)
LTG
Hardware structure of the DLUG

The central functional units comprise the following modules:
control for digital line unit (DLUC)
bus distributor (BDG)
3.1.1
Control for Digital Line Unit (DLUC)

The control for DLU (DLUC) controls the internal sequence of functions under normal
operating conditions and during DLU standalone service. It distributes and concentrates
the signaling between the subscriber line modules.
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Fig. 3.2
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Module DLUC
The main functions of the DLUC are:

transfer of messages to and from the LTGs
clock synchronization
cyclic polling of the SLMs
direct addressing of the subscriber line circuits (SLC) for the transfer of commands
and data
execution of monitoring and test functions
3.1.2
Bus Distributor Module (BDG)

The bus distributor module (BDG) is responsible for distributing all signals from the bus
system to the various mounting locations of the shelves.
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Fig. 3.3
Bus distributor module (BDG)
The functions of the BDG module are:

distribution of the internal DLU 4096-kHz clock CLK and the associated 8-kHz frame
synchronization signal
transferring voice information to and from the subscriber line modules
transferring signaling information to and from the subscriber line modules
3.2

The peripheral functional units comprise the following modules:
Subscriber line modules (SLM)
Subscriber Line Module, Analog (SLMA)
Subscriber Line Module, Digital (SLMD)
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Feature-Programmable Modem
(SLMI:FMx)
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
(SLMI:AMx)
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
(SLMI:SDx)
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Packet Hub (SLMI:PHUB)
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Modem Pool Card (SLMI:MPx)
Test equipment (optional)
Metallic Test Access Type B (MTAB)
3.2.1
Subscriber Line Module, Analog (SLMA)

The analog subscriber line module with integrated test function (ILTF) for the subscriberline access network is the standard SLMA for use in the DLUG and handles subscriber
lines with normal and special functions.
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Fig. 3.4
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Subscriber line module, analog (SLMA:ITFG)
The following main functions are implemented on the SLMA:ITFG module:

high-impedance loop supervision for the detection of events when the line is idle
constant power feed at selectable current values during talk state, transferring to resistance feed at high loop resistance values
extended range (boost battery)
reception of pulse dialing signals (rotary dialing)
forwarding of DTMF dialing signals
transmission of meter pulses at 12 or 16 kHz
duplicated PCM interface with 2 x 64 programmable timeslots
integrated circuit test (self-test)
periodic access test (PAT)
integrated line test (on demand, by test command)
integrated terminal test (on demand, by test command)
short-circuit protection (self healing)
foreign voltage protection up to 300 Vac (self healing)
3.2.2
Subscriber Line Module, Digital (SLMD)

A digital subscriber line module (SLMD) can contain 16 digital subscriber line circuits
(SLCD). Each subscriber line circuit provides one interface for ISDN basic access (BA).
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a/b
SLCD0
IDEC
NT
D channels
Ports 0...3
SCA
Flash
EPROM
D-RAM
IDEC
IOM2 bus 1
D channels
Ports 4...7
Reset
ELIC
EPIC
SACCO
4096-kbit/s bus 0/
collision bus 0
4096-kbit/s bus 1/
collision bus 1
SACCO
LCP
IOM2 bus 2
IDEC
D channels
Ports 8...11
SAP
a/b
NT
SLCD15
IDEC
D channels
Ports 12...15
Control bus 0
Control bus 1
ILTF test
SLMA
Fig. 3.5
Block diagram of subscriber line module SLMD:QFB
Main functions of SLMD:

transmitting user data at 144 kbit/s in each direction (two channels at 64 kbit/s each,
one channel at 16 kbit/s) over two-wire subscriber lines
transmission using adaptive echo cancellation
conformance with required transmission standards (e.g. ETSI)
remote feeding of the network termination (NT) over the subscriber line
supervision of the subscriber line for short circuits and shorts to ground
protection against overvoltage and foreign voltage
test switching between subscriber line and SLCD
controlling the flow of data on the B and D channels by the line card processor (LCP)
duplicated 4096-kbit/s bus with 64 selectable timeslots for voice/data transmission
(B channels)
separation and merging of D-channel information comprising signaling and packet
data
duplicated collision detection bus for the regulation of packet data transfer in one
timeslot (Bd channel) on each of the 4096-kbit/s buses
exchange of signaling data with the DLUC by the system adapter processor (SAP)
over the duplicated control bus
support for DLU system maintenance, e.g. diagnosis, online supervision
periodic access test (PAT)
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3.2.3
Information
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support for the ILTF test procedure

Feature-Programmable Modem (SLMI:FMx)
Module SLMI:FMx implements POTS and data functions in accordance with the ITU-T
G.Lite standard.
Ring/Tip
0
Ring/Tip
7
PCM
BSLIC
0...3
BQAP
0
BSLIC
4...7
BQAP
1
Dolce
BMuPP 0
CN
DPRAM
Flash
B-MuSLIC
SDRAM
BSLIC
8...11
BQAP
2
BSLIC
12...15
BQAP
3
BMuPP 1
MPC
860
ATM
ATM
PLD
for FS
Fig. 3.6
G.Lite DSP
block
Block diagram of module SLMI:FMx
The main features of module SLMI:FMx are as follows:

high bit-rate access over the subscriber line
possibility to transmit voice and data simultaneously
upstream transmission rate of 512 kbit/s
downstream reception rate of up to 1.5 Mbit/s
compatible with G.Lite
plug-and-play solution
3.2.4

Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SLMI:AMx)
The main features of module SLMI:AMx are as follows:
high bit-rate access over the subscriber line
possibility to transmit voice and data simultaneously
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3.2.5
upstream transmission rate of 800 k/bit/s

downstream reception rate of up to 8.1 Mbit/s

Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SLMI:SDx)
The SLMI:SDx provides an additional 12 B channels over and above the standard ISDNBA channels (2B+D). It also offers the option of using each of the additional B channels
for packet-switched or circuit-switched services, as required. If a service requires superior transmission quality, this can be achieved by circuit-switching the 12 B channels;
otherwise the data stream is fed directly into the packet-switched network.
a0
MuBIC
b0
a1
MuBIC
b1
T
D
M
/
I
O
M
Core
controller
CPU
ATM
interface
CPM
SIU
ATM
ATM
SDRAM
a2
FSRAM
MuBIC
b2
a3
MuBIC
b3
B
u
f
f
e
r
EPLD
FEPROM
ASIC
SCA2
CN, CD, PCM, CLK (DLU
interface)
DRAM
Fig. 3.7
Block diagram of module SLMI:SDx
The main features of module SLMI:SDx are as follows:

simultaneous ISDN and data services
compatible with the ISDN standard
high bidirectional transmission capacity up to 1048 kbit/s
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3.2.6
Information
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Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Packet Hub

(SLMI:PHUB)
The packet hub provides access to the Internet by means of IP over PPP (Internet protocol over point-to-point protocol). Internet traffic is routed directly onto the ATM backbone.
Fig. 3.8
Module SLMI:PHUB
The main features of this module are:

through-forwarding of IP traffic without placing load on the network node
traffic concentration
a high degree of flexibility offering adaptation to the requirements of differing network
environments
3.2.7
Subscriber Line Module with Internet Access, Modem

Pool Card (SLMI:MPx)
The modem pool card (MoPC) performs signal processing tasks and provides an interface between the subscriber lines (analog or ISDN) and the packet hub (PHub).
The MoPC converts voice/data signals received from users of analog data modems into
digital signals and packetizes them, concentrates the traffic and forwards the data to the
PHub. Data arriving from the PHub are de-packetized, allocated to a user port and sent
to the user as analog signals. The module supports all standard modem protocols.
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Fig. 3.9
3.2.8
Module SLMI:MPx
Metallic Test Access Type B (MTAB)

The metallic test access type B (MTAB) allows test connections to be set up from external test equipment to a subscriber line to be tested.
The metallic test access type B (MTAB) is implemented by module LTBAM.
One LTBAM module is installed per DLU. This gives the DLU two test interfaces. The
external test equipment is connected to the LTBAM module and via the test matrix in the
SLMA to the analog subscriber line under test. This arrangement allows two tests to be
performed simultaneously on a DLU using external test equipment.
The subscriber line under test is connected to the test interface via the test matrix integrated in each subscriber line circuit using four-wire lines leading to the DLU test bus in
each half-shelf of the DLU. The LTBAM module, in turn, connects this test bus to the test
interface 0 or 1.
In order to establish a test connection, the control unit of the external test equipment
sends a command in a standardized format over one of several serial data interfaces to
a special-purpose converter PC. The latter converts the activation command into an
MML command and forwards it to the coordination processor (CP). From the parameters in the command, the CP identifies one of the two possible LTGs and forwards the
activation request. The LTG converts this request into two setting commands, one for
the test matrix in the subscriber line circuit and one for the LTBAM module.
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3.3
Information
Access

The functional units for remote operation comprise the following modules:
standalone service control (SASC-G)
3.3.1
Standalone Service Control (SASC-G)

The standalone service control (SASC-G) handles signaling and speech paths in the
DLU or subscriber lines within a remote DLUG. The SASC-G also handles standalone
service for DTMF subscribers served by the DLU. It contains the code receiver functions
needed to enable pushbutton subscribers to use DTMF dialing during DLU standalone
service.
Channel
allocation unit
(TSU)
Inter-DLU interface
0
EMU
LDIMX
DLU bus interface (CPI)

4096-kbit/s bus
0
4096-kbit/s
Bus 1
Control bus 0
Control bus 1
EMU
LDIMX
HDLC
Control section
Fig. 3.10
3.3.2
Block diagram of module SASC-G
External Alarm Set (ALEX)

The ALEX module is employed in remote DLUs. The ALEX responds to system-external
alarms (e.g.: fire, unauthorized access, excessive temperature level, ...) and routes the
alarm information via the CP to the NetManager.
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Supply
voltage
UPS
Control section
Polling
circuit
Port
expansion
ALEXCP
Hardware test
circuit
Alarm 0
Alarm 15
Fig. 3.11
Alarm
indicator 0
Alarm
indicator 15
Watchdog
Control bus 0
Signal
transmission
Control bus 1
Failure
test
Backplane
Voltage supervisi
on
Reset
circuit
Peripheral
reset signal
PRS from
DCC
Block diagram of module ALEX
The main functions of the module are:

evaluating the status of external alarm signaling units
reporting changes of state to the DLUC
testing the selector circuits by means of alarm simulation
testing the alarm simulation circuits
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4 Safeguarding
Only small proportion of the safeguarding software is implemented in the DLU itself. All
of the more important parts of the DLU safeguarding software are implemented in the
LTG and in the CP. The main safeguarding functions in the LTG are error detection, fault
analysis and recovery, i.e. initializing and reloading the DLU.
The CP coordinates those safeguarding tasks which the LTG is unable to handle alone
(e.g. combined error messages).
The main safeguarding functions are described below.
Fig. 4.1 shows the DLU-specific safeguarding system and how it is distributed among
the functional units.
Processors
Hierarchy
DLUCx
LTGN
CP
Fig. 4.1
Units containing DLU safeguarding functions
Error detection
Errors are detected by various means:
Plausibility checks
Plausibility checks are performed throughout the system. Safeguarding processes
provide their own protection with the aid of consistency checks and watchdog timers.
When a process detects an error, it activates fault analysis for software errors and in
doing so updates the error records.
Audits
The task of audits is to monitor certain software areas of the LTG and DLU.
Routine test and diagnosis
The DLU routine test (automatic) and diagnosis (started by the system operator)
functions test hardware units and locate hardware faults. The purpose of diagnosis
is to verify errors that were detected by the routine test. DLU diagnosis provides support in the following activities:
testing the operability of a DLU before it is taken into service
identifying faulty modules
checking the operability of a DLU after module replacement
The routine test and diagnosis functions detect hardware faults that cannot be detected during normal program execution.
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Fault analysis
The fault analysis function in the LTG processes error messages issued by the error detection programs in the LTG and DLU. Fault analysis functions are spread throughout
the whole system (CP, LTG, DLU, SLM). The tasks performed by fault analysis are:
analyzing error events
choosing the method of fault treatment
collecting error symptoms
compiling and maintaining error statistics
In order to analyze error events, they are assigned error numbers by fault analysis.
These numbers identify the error events and classify them according to error types that
call for the same type of fault treatment. The location of the fault is specified relative to
a configurable unit of the DLU and LTG (DLU equipment, DLU module, DLU port, DIU
in LTG). Types of fault treatment comprise:
re-configuring the affected unit to isolate the fault
releasing, blocking or allowing call-processing activities for the affected unit
informing the CP of the occurrence of the fault and reporting the operating state of
the faulty or no longer faulty unit
executing recovery in the failed unit after it has been repaired or when an end-offault message is issued
measuring the recovery duration (downtime)
ignoring the error
compiling error statistics
Depending on the type of unit affected by the fault or the type of fault, fault analysis passes control to:
fault analysis for DLU
fault analysis for DLU unit (e.g. SLM)
fault analysis for common channel signaling (CCS)
software error treatment
statistical fault analysis
subscriber line fault analysis
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Recovery
The recovery function performs actions designed to restore the faulty units to an operable condition.
Recovery in the DLU itself is triggered by software errors or in connection with the execution of configuration commands. The recovery actions are graduated according to the
severity of their effect on the system as a whole:
Restart
Resetting and initializing a specific process to a defined initial state. This recovery
affects no more than one call.
New start
Resetting of all processes and restarting operation, whereby all calls are maintained
Initial start
Resetting of all processes and initializing the periphery, combined with the release
of all established calls and, if necessary, the reloading of code and/or semipermanent data
Hardware faults cannot be cleared by means of recovery. All that can be done is to reinitialize and reload the database after a power outage.
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5 Technical Data
Connection options
Subscriber lines
(per rack)
V5.1 interfaces
(in F:DLU(G))
Transmission systems
Transmission system used on
PDCs
max. 1984 analog subscriber lines

max. 720 digital subscriber lines (ISDN)
max. 304 SDSL subscriber lines
max. 864 ADSL.Lite subscriber lines
max. 4 x 10 V5.1 interfaces (DLUV)
conformant with CCITT Recommendations G.703,

G.704
(HDB3 transmission format) or ISDN-PRA

4096-kbit/s multiplex highways
proprietary method

HDSL
transmission system
Traffic capacity (voice/data circuits)

Up to sixteen 2048-kbit/s PDCs up to 400 erlangs
Up to eight 2048-kbit/s PDCs
up to 200 erlangs
Equivalent values apply to systems equipped with
four 1544-kbit/s PDCs (94 voice/data channels) and
two 1544-kbit/s PDCs (46 voice/data channels).
Transmission system in the DLU (optional)

Line/network termination,
2 ports each operating at 2.048 Mbit/s, bidirectional,
copper cable (LTCD)
copper cable via HDSL (electrical)
Interface to DLU (DIU)
conformant with CCITT Recommendation G.703
Control buses between SLM and DLUC (DLUS)

Number per DLUG
2 control buses, star topology
Physical bit rate
187.5 kbit/s or 375 kbit/s
Clock pulses
4096 kHz and 8 kHz (frame alignment bit)
Internet interfaces to the data networks

4 x E1/T1
2 Mbit/s (PCM30) or 1.5 Mbit/s (PCM24)
E3/T3
34Mbit/s or 45 Mbit/s
STM1
622 Mbit/s
Ethernet 100Base T
100 Mbit/s
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Operating voltages
+5 V, +52 V, 68 V, 97 V
Battery voltage
48 V or 60 V
A30828-X1150-K109-2-7618

Digital Line Unit G (DLUG)

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