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kshuqjd m%ldYk

 kshuqjd m%ldYk
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ck;djd md,khla
01' rdcH jHqyh

1' rdcH n,h

2' rdcH l%shdld;ajh
02' uQ,sl whs;Ska
03' cd;sl wdrlaIdj
04' cd;sl iu.sh
05' foaY m%;sm;a;sh

Wiia udkj im;la

01' wOHdmkh
02' fi!LHh
03' c,h" wdydr yd fmdaIKh iy ikSmdrlaIdj
04' l%Svd iy Yr iqj;djh
05' oHd yd ;dlaIK

klrKh yd ldlrKh jQ rgla

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03' lDIsludka;h
04' mY= im;a
05' jr yd c,c ludka;h
06' je,s ludka;h
07' ixpdrl ludka;h

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09' c, l<ukdlrKh iy jdud.
10' foaYSh iy foaYSh fj<\u
11' uQ,H lafIa;%h
12' n,Yla;sh
13' m%jdykh iy uydud.
14' ksjdi
15' mirh
16' /lshd
17' foaY.; Y%S ,dxlslhska
18' .%dh ixjOkh

idOdrK iudchla
01' wdKavqf ldhNdrh

uQ,sl ksia whs;Ska
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ldka;d yd <ud whs;sjdisl

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03' mjq, iy mqoa., ldhNdrh

ksjy,a ksfila

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n,dfmdfrd;a;= fmd ne|f.kh' ksoyiska miq n,hg m;a tlai;a cd;sl mlaI wdKavqf
isg f jk g mqrd jir 67la wfma rf ck;djf.a Pkaofhka n,hg m;aj furg
md,kh lf<a tcdm yd Y%S,ksm m%uqL yjq,a wdKavqh'
rg ixjOkh lrk njg" mam;alu ke;s lrk njg" rg yok njg oyila
fmdfrdka ,nd foka n,hg m;aj rg md,kh l< md,l lKavdh fofla jir 67l
md,kfhka miq rg m;aj we;af;a b;du lK.dgqodhl ;;ajhlgh' ck;dj m;aj
iskaafka b;du Ialr yd la; ;;ajhlgh'
ksIamdok lafIa;%h uqukskau fkdi,ld yef yd kdY lsf m%;sM,hla f,i f
jk g wfma rg zKhg lkZ" foaY yd foaYSh Kh u; hefmk rgla njg m;alr ;sf'
tys m%;sM,h we;af;a" ,xldf iEu mqrjeisfhlau re' ,laI 04l muK Khldrfhla
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wfkla w;g ixjOkh ms<sn| mqridr" uqidjka njg m;ajoa rf wdodh fn
hdf Iu;djh je <skaoka m%udKh je we;' ,xldf ck.ykfhka fmdfydi;au
mjq,a 20] cd;sl wdodhfuka 55]la muK w;alr .ksoa ck.ykfhka mam;au mjq,a 20]
w;alr .kakd m%udKh cd;sl wdodhfuka 3'6]la ;r l=vd ;sf'
,xldj Yd, uQ,H wnqohlg uqyqK isk w;r meye,s wdl m%;sm;a;shla
fkdue;slka yd wjYH ;r uQ,H m%;smdok fjka fkdlsu;a ksid ck;djf.a wOHdmk"
fi!LH" .ukd.uk" ksjdi wd fiajd | je we;' ,xldf jirlg orejka 360"000la
mdie,aj,g we;=<;a fjoa YajoHd,j,g we;=<;aj Wmdhla ,nd msgjkafka Wmu
30"000la muKh' bka lshfjkafka" m<uq mka;sfhka mdie,aj,g we;=,;ajk <uqkaf.ka
330"000lau w;r u. wOHdmkfhka msgux flfrk njh' ,xldf jirlg /lshd
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65"000lg muKs' b;s 235"000 j;aug u`.la fkdue;s wh njg m;af' bka isj
we;af;a wkd.;hla ke;s ck;djla ysuh'
fuys m%;sM,h we;af;a" iudch ;=< wmrdO by< hEu iy iudch ixialD;sl

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50lgu u;ajHj,g weneysjQfjla is' ,xldf iEu klu 14 fofkl= kid
.kakd nj jd;d f' f jir 67l ;gqudre foaYmd,kfha wjika m%;sM,hh'
wfkla w;g ,xldf cd;sl iu.sh f.dvke.Su ;ju is fkdue;s w;r cd;sjdohka
yd wd.l wka;jdohkaf.ka ck;djg mSvdjg m;af'
rg ;=< jxpd" IK byjyd f.dia we;s w;r uokh jeu" n,h whq;= f,i
Nd;h ;=< m%cd;ka;%jdoh wNsfhda.hg ,laj ;sf' f ish,a, fmdf .;ag ,xldj
b;du;a nrm;< iudc" wdl" foaYmd,k yd ixialD;sl wnqohl .s,S we;s nj
meye,sh'
miq.sh 2015 ckjd 08jkod ckdm;sjrKfhka m%cd;ka;%jdoh iy hymd,kh
fjkqfjka furg ck;dj b mshjrla ;enqjo tu mshjr wdmiq yerf yd thg
msgqmEf l%shdoduhla isfjka ;sf' fuu lreKq u.ska Tmamqlr ;sfnkafka" fuf;la rg
md,kh l< lsis md,l lKavdhula ms<sn| Yajdih ;eh fkdyels nj i wka fohla
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i|yd ksjer oelaula u; ilia lrk m%;sm;a;s ud,djla yd th l%shdjg ke.Sug lemjk
Yajdijka; kdhl;ajhl wjYH;djh ;sfnk njh'
,xldj j;udkfha uqyqK we;s nrm;< wnqohkag we;af;a" tla ienE iula
muKs' tk mj;sk jer iudc wdl foaYmd,k l%uh tys mokkau fjkia
lrk .eUqre yd mq,a mj;khls' ienE wdl ixjOkh" iudc idOdrK;ajh"
m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ienE cd;sl iu.sh" ienE cd;sl ksoyi" mqoa., ksoyi yd hymd,kh
f.dvke.sh yels yd ;yjqre l< yels iudchls' ck;djf.a ffoksl oefjk .egj,g
jydu i ,nd h yels md,khls' tk j;udkfha wfma rgg .e,fmk kk
iudcjd m%;sm;a;s u; mok jQ ck;d md,khls' f fjkqfjka miq.sh 2014 fmnrjd
udifha meje;ajQ ck;d uqla;s fmruqfKa 07jk cd;sl uyd iuqj iska wkqu;
lrk ,o wfma oelau m%;sm;a;s ud,dj mok lr.kska" th j;auka ;;ajhg wjYH
m mq,a yd ia;SK lrka yd O ixOdkj," mqoa.,hkaf.a yd ta ta fCIa;%j,
m%Khkaf.a woyia yd fhdackd tl;=lr .kska ilia l< fuu cd;sl jevms,sfj<
yDoidlaIsfha iuq;sh f,iska ,dxflah ck;dj fj; fufia bm;a lruq'
f i|yd ish fhdackd yd woyia ,ndfoka yd wm u;a lrka fuu ldhhg odhl
jQ ishu fokdg wmf.a ia;=;sh mskeugo fuh wjia:djla lr .ksuq'
2015 cq,s 22

yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

ck;djd
md,khla

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01' rdcH jHqyh

1948 isg ,xldf mj;skafka" %;dkHhka iska wm u; mgjd .sh yd miqj
n,hg m;a foaYSh md,l lKavdh iska ;u n, wruqKq fjkqfjka fjkial lrka
mj;ajdf.k hk rdcH md,khls rdcH jHqyhls' fuu rdcH md,kh;a rdcH jHqyh;a
tys uQ,Ou;a ilia lr we;af;a" md,l wm;s lKavdhj, jqjukdjka /flk
wdldrfhka i ,dxflah isxy," fou<" uqia,s" n." uef,a we;= ish ck;djkaf.a
wNs,dIhka iy whs;Ska /flk wdldrhg fkdf'

fuf;la rg md,kh l< m%N+ mjq,a lSmhlg wh;a iq msif.a md,kh rf
jHjia:dodhlfha kS;s mekf isg mdi,g orejl= we;= lsu olajd jQ iEu iudc
wdh;khlgu" l%shdj,shlgu uey;ajk l%uhla ksudKh lr ;sf' ta ksidu ish
rdcH wdh;k yd l<ukdlrK moaO;Ska | jegqKq" foaYmd,k{hd muKla tlu
wdh;kh yd l%shdld;ajh jQ l%uhla njg fuh m;aj ;sf' wdKavq n,h ,nd .kakd
lKavdhu iy Tjqka jgd tl;=jk msila iska muKla wdl yd iudc m%;s,dN iy
jrm%ido N=la;s |skjd muKla fkdj Tjqyq iska idudkH ck;dj mSvdjg iy uq,djgo
m;a lr;s'

iudc ;fha tlu oYlh iy oYkh ,dNh" uqo,a iy jeu NdKav
yd fiajd m%udKhla N=la;s |Su u; mokj uqo,a fiug iudch fmd<Ujk
wmfNdackjdofhka ck;dj uxuq,d lrk wdl l%uhla tu ;gqudre md,k l%uh
iska oYl lSmhla mqrd mj;ajdf.k hka isk w;r rdcH md,kh;a rdcH jHqyh;a
kS;s ;s;a ilia lr we;af;a Bg wkqjh' tu ksid fuu ;;ajhka fjkia lr kj rdcH
jHqyhla yd rdcH md,khla ksudKh l< hq;=j we;'

ck;d uqla;s fmruqfKa wm rgg wejeis ck;djd md,khla f,i olskafka"
wm rg wkd.;hg f.k hd yels" ksil= iska ksil= iQrd fkdlk" cd;shla iska
;j;a cd;shla mSvdjg m;a fkdlrk" wdl iuDoafhka yd iudc idOdrK;ajfhka
hq;a Wiia ksia iudchla" tk kk iudcjd m%;sm;a;s u; mok jk kj iudchla
f.dvke.Su b,lal lr .kska ta i|yd mQj moku ilia lrk ck;djd md,khls'

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iudkd;au;djh" m%cd;ka;%jdoh" iudc idOdrK;ajh" mqoa., ksoyi yd
wdrlaIdj iy iycSjkh hk l=Kq my u; tu ck;djd md,kh f.dvkexf'

l%shdud.

1' rdcH n,h

isxy," fou<" uqia,s" n." uef,a we;= ishu ck;djkag wdl"

foaYmd,k" iudcuh yd ixialD;sl lafIa;%j, iudk whs;sh iy
m%cd;ka;%jd yslu ;yjqre lrk rdcH n,hla iy rdcH l%shdld;ajhla
ia:dms; flf' ta i|yd mj;sk wdKavq l%u jHjia:dj fjkqjg ck;dj
bm;a lrk fhdackd iy woyia ie,ls,a,g f.k flgqm;a flfrk kj
wdKavq l%u jHjia:djla jirla ;=< cku; pdrKhla u.ska iu; flf'

ck;d mrudm;Hh wdrlaId flf'

Odhl ckdm;s l%uh uqukskau wfydais flf'

md,sfka;= wdKavq l%uhla ia:dms; flf'

oekg mj;sk ue;sjrK l%ufha j,;d bj;a lrka rf ish ck

lKavhj, leue;a; uyck wdh;k ;=< idOdrK f,i ksfhdackh jk
jvd;a ksjer yd oHd;aul kj ue;sjrK l%uhla ilia flf'

mlaIh udre lrk md,sfka;= uka;%Sjrekaf.a uka;%SOQr wfydais flfrk

kS;s imdokh flf'

weu;s uKav,h 25 fofkl=g iSud flf' wdKavqf ish ;SrK" m%;sm;a;s

iy l%shdldrl inkaOfhka lek uKav,fha iduQysl j.lSu iy;sl
flf'

uyck ksfhda;hska i|yd wdpdrOu moaO;shla ykajd l%shdjg kef.a'

uyck ksfhda; wdh;kj, uka;%Sjreka iy ks,Odka i|yd jQ kdia;sldr

jrm%ido ish,a,u wfydais flf'

- md,sfka;= uka;%Sjrekag ,nd fok Y%du jegqm wfydais flf'

- uyck ksfhda;hskag fm!oa.,sl iqfLdamfNda.S jdyk n,m;% ,nd u

fjkqjg uyck ksfhda;hskaf.a lghq;= i|yd rcfhka jdyk iemfha'

;%ia;jdoh je<elaf mk; we;= uok wKmk;a wfydais flf'

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is,a hqoaO fyda fjk;a .eg ksid YS% ,xldjg ixl%uKh jk sO

ixl%uKslhkag /ljrKh iy wdrCIdj ,ndu fjkqfjka ixl%uKsl
hqla;sh ms<sn| cd;Hka;r m%;Skag wkqj lghq;= flf'

f;dr;=re oek.eksf whs;sh mk; ls%hd;aul flf'

cd;sl .Kk mk; ls%hd;aul flf'

2' rdcH l%shdld;ajh

cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy ie,iq ilia lsu i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd ie,iq

iNdjla msysgjkq ,nk w;r thg fmd ck;djf.kao foaYmd,k{hkaf.kao
Ihhka yd jD;a;Ska ms<sn| fYaI{hskaf.kao woyia iy fhdackd ,nd
.ekSug lghq;= flf'

cd;sl m%;sm;a;Ska ish ck;djg oek.; yelsjk fia f,aLk.; lr m%isoaO

lrkq ,ef'

oekg mj;sk m%dfoaYSh ixjOk l%shdoduh i|yd m%;smdok fjkau

islrkafka oHd;aul mokulska fkdj wod, m%foaYfha foaYmd,k
n,j;df.a re wrel u; yd uqo,a wud;HdxYfha ;SrK u; muKla
mokjh' ta fjkqjg iEu ia;%slalhlu mj;sk ixjOk Iu;djhka
iy wjYH;djhka ie,ls,a,g f.k ta ta ia;%slalj,g rdcH whjefhka
ksYa; m%;sY;hla kS;s.;lr fjka lrkq ,ef'

rdcH wdh;kj,ska uyck fiajdjka ksis m bgq fkdjk wjia:dj, ta

ms<sn| uiSug yd tajd bgqlr u i|yd uey;ajk uyck fiajd wlaIK
wldhla cd;sl yd ia;%sla ugka msysgqjkq we;'

rdcH wdh;kj,ska ck;d fiajh ksjerj bgq fkdjk wjia:dj, ta ms<sn|j

oekq u i|yd k 365 meh 24 mqrd l%shd;aul meKs,s uOHia:dk by;
wldhg iu.dj l%shd;aul flf'

02' uQ,sl whs;Ska

fuf;la n,hg meKs ish wdKavq iska fkdi,ld yk ,o m%Odk;u
lreKla jQfha uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdislh' fndfyda g ksia whs;sjdisl mj;sk l%uh
hgf;a jHjia:dj, j.ka;s muKla njg iSud h' fld;r f,aLk.; l<o fuu
whs;sjdisl ienE ;fha fkd,e f.dia we;af;a" tu whs;sjdisl ksrdhdifhka
ysjk foaYmd,k" mmd,k iy wdl l%uhla md,lhska iska mj;ajdf.k fkdhEu

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iy ck;djg ;ukag ys whs;sjdisl fudkjdoehs wjfndaOhla ,nd fkdu fya;=fjks'

ksoyfia j;aug wejeis mqoa., wdrlaIdj mjd wo jk g wys we;'

l%shdud.

rf uQ,sl kS;sh jk wdKavq l%u jHjia:dj u.ska uQ,sl ksia whs;Ska

wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lrkq ,ef' ta wkqj l:d lsf" /iaf" m%ldYkfha"
;uka leu;s foaYmd,kh lsf" leue;s wd.ula weoySf iy yDoidlaIsfha
ksoyi iy;sl flf' j;af whs;sh" jev lsf whs;sh" flh yd
fkdaodiajdoh i|yd we;s whs;sh" fi!LH imkakj j;af whs;sh"
wOHdmkh ,ef whs;sh" ksjilg we;s whs;sh" ixialD;sl M, m%fhdack
N=la;s |Sf whs;sh" oHd;aul Ys,amSh yd l,d;aul lghq;= i|yd jQ
ksoyi iy whs;sh" ia;%S mqreI iudk;ajh ms<sn| whs;sh hk uQ,sl whs;Ska
iy;sl flf'

foaYmd,ksl" wd.l" cd;sl;aj wd lsis mokula u; mqrjeishkag

fjkial is lsu ;yk flf'

uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdisl ysjk wdl" mmd,k iy foaYmd,k

hdka;%Khla mj;ajdf.k hkq ,ef'

uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdisl ms<sn|j mqrjeis iudch oekqj;a lr iudch

n,.ekaf'

rch iska fyda fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdh;k iska tu uQ,sl whs;ska W,a,x>kh
lrk wjia:dj, rchg tfrysj fukau fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,g tfrysjo
wlrKh bhg hdug mqrjeishkag we;s whs;sh ;yjqre flf'

wjqre 18 blaujQ iEu mqrjeishl=gu kEu uyck ksfhda; wdh;khla

i|yd f;am;a f whs;sh ,nd fok w;r jhi 16 blau jQ ish fokdgu
Pkao n,h ,ndfoa'

foaY.; Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishkag foaYhkays isg Pkaoh Nd;d lsu i|yd
jevms<sfj<la ilia flf'

03' cd;sl wdrlaIdj

rf iaffj;ajh;a fN!l wLKav;djh;a wNsudkh;a" rf ishu
mqrjeishkaf.a ksoyi iy ; wdrlaIdj mQK jYfhka iy;sl lsu;a kEu rdcH
md,khl m%Odk;u j.lSu f' ta wkqj cd;sl wdrlaIdjg isjk hqOuh" foaYmd,kuh"

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wdluh" ixialD;sluh" rdcH;dka;%sl ndOdjka iy mSvdjkaf.ka Y%S ,dxflah rdcHh;a

tys mqrjeishkq;a wdrlaId lsu wruqKq lr.;a ixhqla; wdrlaIl jevms<sfj<la wmf.a
md,khla ;=< l%shdjg kef`.a' tu.ska oekg ikakoaO fiajdjkag muKla iSud we;s
cd;sl wdrlaIdj ms<sn| mgq w:l:kfhka Tng .sh iqrlaIs; rgla ksudKh
lsug yelsjkq we;'

ls%hdud.

Y%S ,dxflah N+h" Y%S ,xldjg whs;s uqqyq iSudj yd .=jk wdrlaId flf'

;%sO yuqod iy fmd,Sish foaYmd,k n,mEfuka ksoyia flf'

fnjdoh" ;%ia;jdoh yd wka;jdofhka rgg yd ck;djg t,a,h yels

wk;=re je<elaug .; hq;= iEu mshjrlau wkq.ukh flf'

wdl" rdcH;dka;%sl yd ixialD;sl lafIa;% u.ska rf wdrlaIdjg yd

iaffj;ajhg t,a,h yels wk;=re ms<sn|j Yaf,aIKh lr ta mss<sn|
ie,iq ilia lsu i|yd fYaI{hskaf.ka ie,;a md,sfka;=jg
j. lshk fYaI lgqjla m;a flf'

;s%O yuqod iy fmd,Sisfha fiajh lrk ish fokd ;=< mj;sk mSvdld
;;ajh yd wm%ikak jgmsgdj wfydais lsu i|yd jydu mshjr .kq ,ef'

04' cd;sl iu.sh

%;dkH md,k iufha isg ck;dj fnod fjkalr md,kh lsf iy widOdrK
wdl m%;sm;a;sfha m%;sM,hla f,i Y%S ,dxflah cd;sh ksudKh u wvd, jQ w;r
1948ka miq n,hg meKs md,lhskaf.a w;a;fkdau;slNdjh iska th ;jrg;a ;Sj%
lrk ,' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i cd;sl;ajhka w;r rilhka jOkh u;a tajd hqo
;;ajhka olajd jOkh u;a miq.sh ld,h mqrd ish' ta fya;=fjka wm rg oejeka;
iudc-wdl wnqohlg ,lalr we;' hqoaOh ksud fuka miq ksudKh jQ kj ;;ajh
cd;sl iu`.sh f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdod .kakjd fjkqjg md,lhska iska th fhdod .kq
,enqf ;ukaf.a n,h ;rlr .ekSu i|ydh'

,xldj md,kh l< ish md,lhska ;u n,h fjkqfjka cd;sl;ajhka fnod
fjka lsu i|yd cd;sjdoh jemsrE w;r ta ioyd O l,a,s lKavdh ksudKh lsu
wog;a is lrhs' tu.ska Tjqka ish fkdyelshdj jid .kakd w;r ck;dj fnod ;nka
ish w;a;fkdau;sl md,kh .gu mj;ajdf.k hdu is lrhs'

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iu

ish ck fldgiaj,g m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd iudk;d moku u; whs;Ska ,ndu
;yjqre jk foaYmd,k iy wdl l%ufohla ia:dms; flf'

Y%S ,xldj ish cd;sl;ajhka" ish wd." ish ixialD;Skaf.a O;ajh ms<s.kakd
Yla;su;a m%cd;ka;%jd rdcHhla f,i mj;ajd .ekSu;a ta ;=< ienE cd;sl iu.sh
f.dvke.Su;a is flf'

l%shdud.

ck;d uqla;s fmruqK ;u wdrNl wjfha isg cd;sl .egj ksjerj

w:l:kh lrka oHd;aulj th iu i|yd .; hq;= l%shdud. we;=<;a
lr m%isoaO lrk ,o cd;sl .egj i|Su i|yd m%fYh u.ska bm;a
l< jevms<sfj< l%shd;aul flf' ta hgf;a"

1' cku; pdrKhlska iu; lrkq ,nk kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<ska

O cd;sl;ajhkag fjkia f,i ie,lSu;a ishu cd;sjdohkq;a O ck
lKavdh iy wd. w;r wiu.sh iy .egq ksudKh ug;a fya;=jk
ish l%shdjka wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjkau ;yk flf' tfukau ish ck
lKavdhj, iudk whs;Ska jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre flf'

2' O fya;+ka u; mSvdjg m;a ck lKavdh" tk cd;sl;aj fyda wd.l

mSvkhg ,lajQ ck lKavdh yd OfkaYajr ixjOkfha b;du;a msgqmiska
isk m%foaY b,lal lr .kska tajdfha wdl ixjOkh" mmd,k .eg
iu" ixialD;sluh wkkH;dj wdrlaId lsu yd mj;ajdf.k hdu wruqKq
lr.;a fYaI md,k jHqyhla f,i ck;d iNd ia:dms; flf'

ck;d iNd msysgqjk m%foaY ;SrKh lsu i|yd oaj;=kaf.ka" md,sfka;=j

ksfhdackh lrk foaYmd,k mlaI ksfhda;hskaf.ka" mmd,k ks,Odkaf.ka
iuka; ck;d iNd iSud ksKh lsf fldiula m;a flf'

ck;d iNd uyck Pkaofhka m;a lrk w;r tajdfha j,x.= ld, iSudj jir
05la h hq;=h' ksh; ld,hg l,ska ck;d iNd iqrejd fkdyef'

fuu ck;d iNdj,ska tla ksfhdacs;fhla ks, n,fhka md,sfka;=jg m;a

lsf whs;sh ck;d iNdjg ,ef'

ck;d iNdf wdl" iudc ixialD;sl jOkhg wod, ish lghq;=

i|yd wjYH jk uQ,H m%;smdok md,sfka;=j iska m%udKj;a f,i tajdg
,nd h hq;=h'

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3' NdIdjka ksid we;sjk mSvdjka wfydais lsu i|yd ff;%NdId m%;sm;a;sh
ms<s.kska ,xldf mqrjeishka Nd;d lrk isxy," fou<" bx.%sis NdId
cd;sl NdId f,i wdKavq l%u jHjia:dj u.ska ia:dms; lr tlS kEu
NdIdjlska lghq;= lsug mqrjeishkag we;s whs;sh ms<s.efka' ta wkqj
lghq;= flf' tys fYaIfhkau W;=re yd kef.kysr m%foaYj, Wid"
fmd,sia ia:dk" rcfha ldhd, jeks is,a md,khg wod, wdh;kj, yd
fi!LH" .ukd.ukh jeks fmd fiajd i|yd fou< NdIdfjka lghq;= lrk
ks,Odka yd rcfha fiajlhska m;a lsug mshjr .efka'

ta hgf;a wlrKfha" fmd,Sisfha" wdrlaIl yuqod yd rdcH wdh;kj,

fiajh lrk ish fokdg cd;sl NdId b.ekaug fYaI jevms<sfj<la
ilia lrk w;r ta i|yd Tjqka .ekauo wjYH ish myiql ,nd uo
is flf'

4' cd;sl;aj wd.l fyda fjk;a lsis fjkialula u; lsis mqrjeishl=

kskaodjg" wmydihg" widOdrKhg m;a lsu imqrd ;yk flfrk
w;r tjeks ;;ajhkag md;%jk ish fokdf.a meKs,s Ndr .ekSug" tajd
mlaIKh lsug yd ta ms<sn| pQ;hska wlrKhg meKug n,h
we;s fjkial je<elaf fldIka iNdjla ^Commission Against
Discrimination& ia:dms; flf'

5' W;=f mej;s ;sia wjqre hqoaOfhka Odldrfhka mSvdjg m;ajQ yd ydks
isjQ ieug ;u la .ek,s bm;a lsug;a tajd ms<sn| i;H fidhd n,d
mSvdjg m;ajQjkag iyk ,nd ug;a cd;sl iu.sh m%jOkh lsf yd
m%;sikaOdk.; lsf mk;la u.ska i;H uYk fldiula ^Truth and
Reconciliation Commission& m;a flf'

6' hqoaOh ksid ksjdi wyss jQ ck;djg iqiq iar ksjdihla blr .ekSug
miq.sh rchka iska ,nd ka uqo,a m%udKj;a fkdjk neka ksjdi wys jQ
ieug re' ,laI 05l ksjdi wdOdrhla ,nd foa'

7' hqoaOh ksid bkahdjg f.dia irKd.;hska njg m;aj isk Y%S ,dxlsl
mqrjeishka furg f.kajd .ekSug yd meK j;au i|yd wjYH myiql
ie,eiaf jHdmD;shla lkka wdrN flf'

8' W;=f u;=j we;s bv m%Yakh b;d nrm;< yd ixf m%Yakhlaj we;s ksid
jydu th iug mshjr .efka' ta i|yd W;=f bv wysjQjkaf.a .eg
ykd .ekSu i|yd;a bvj, uq,a whs;slrejka ykdf.k ;yjqre lr tu
bv Tjqkag Ndr u i|yd;a w;HjYH fya;+ka u; oekgu;a rchg mjrd
f.k we;s bv i|yd m%udKj;a jka uqo,a ,nd u fyda whs;slrejkaf.a

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

leue;a; wkqj l,am bv ,nd u i|yd;a ck;d ksfhda;hska" ia;%sla

f,aljreka yd bv wud;HdxY ks,Odkaf.ka iuka; mQK n,e;s bv
fldiula msysgqjd tu.ska bv .egj iug lkka mshjr .efka'

9' O cd;sl;ajhkaf.a whs;Ska jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre lsug mshjr

.ekSu;a Tjqka uqyqKmdk .egj,g laIKsl i ,nd u;a mmd,k
jHqyhla f,i ck;d iNd msysgqu;a iu. cd;sl .egj iug lsis
f,ilska fya;=ldrl fkdjk yd oekgu;a wid:lj we;s m<d;a iNd l%uh
wfydais hdug bv ie,eiaf'

05' foaY in|;d

fuf;la ld,hla n,hg m;ajQ wdKavqj, foaY m%;sm;a;s ilia jQfha wrdcH.e;s
yd ngysr.e;s nj mok lr f.kh' Y%S ,xldf iajdk;ajh yd iaffj;ajh .ek
fkd;el+ md,lhska iska Y%S ,xldj f,dalhg mrdk yd fldkajQ rdcHhla njg m;a lr
;sf'

n,hg m;a O md,l lKavdhj, mqoa.,sl re wrel u; foaY
m%;sm;a;sh ;SrKh lsu fya;=fjka fjk;a cd;Ska w;r wm rf wNsudkh yE,ajg
,la we;' wdl jYfhka kj hg;a;jdofha f.drla njg m;a lsug wu;rj
foaYmd,ksl jYfhka n,j;a rdcHhkaf.a w;fmug wjYH mirh ksudKh lr
we;'

i`u

Y%S ,xldf iaffjNdjh wdrlaId lrk" wrdcH frda" hg;a; frda
fukau ish rgj,a iu. iduld iyjkh iy iyfhda.S;dj jOkh lr .ekSu u;
mok jQ foaY m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lsu werf'

l%shdud.

ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.S;dj jOkh lr .ekSu i|yd m%uqL;djh

,nd foa'

foaY fiajh wdh;k.; fjkialj,g Ndckh lrk w;r wldhlaIu;dj"

foaYmd,k m;a iy kdia;sh j<lajd foaY fiajfha jeo.;anj yd j.lS
iy.;nj wdrlaId jk m foaY fiajdj m%;sixOdkh flf'

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

foaY fiajfha kshq;= ks,Odka i|yd fjkiajk cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r

;;ajhkao kj cd;sl foaYmd,k yd wdl jqjukd ms<sn|jo oekqu iy
wjfndaOh ,nd fok foaYSh iy cd;Hka;r oaj;=kaf.ka iuka; foaY
fiajd welvhla wdrN flf'

iudcjd rgj,a iu. im inkaO;djka mj;ajd f.k hk w;r

wrdcH frda iy udkj m%.;sh i|yd jk cd;Hka;r jHdhduhka iu
iyfhda.fhka lghq;= flf'

wjYH iudf,dapkhka islr foaY.; Y%S ,dxlslhska jemqr isk

^WodyrKhla f,i ihsm%ih& rdcHhka ;=< kj Y%S ,xld ;dkdm;s ldhd,
wdrN lsug mshjr .efka'

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iuq;sh

Wiia
udkj im;la

11

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iuq;sh

wm rf ixjOk Wmdh ud.fha flakah lr.; hq;af;a udkj
ixjOkhhs' 1948 isg oYl 07lg wdikak ld,hla mqrd rg jer yd
wdl Wmdhud.hl .uka lru fya;=fjka f,dal yd l,dmSh wdalhka
ta fudfydf;a w;am;a lr.; hq;=j ;snQ ldl yd lDIsldl ksIamdokfha
wjia:d rf ck;djg wys we;'

im;a
wrdl
;=< ta
ch.%dyS

wkd.; f,dalh ;=< Wiia ugf Ys,amSh mokula u; NdKav yd fiajd
ksIamdokh ixOdkh flfrk ;;ajhla ksudKh we;' Y%S ,xldjgo f.da,Sh
fj<|fmd<g fukau foaYSh fj<|fmd<g NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokfha by< ugf
;dlaIKfka yd jD;a;Shfka Yd, jYfhka wjYH jkafkah'

rf wdl ixjOkfha m%Odk Wmdh ud.h Wiia udkj im; jk neka
Bg wod, wOHdmkh" fi!LHh" l%Svd iy jHdhdu" oHd;aul mfhaIK yd jD;a;Sh
mqyqKqj we;= O lafIa;% mq,a lsu yd klrKh lsu is flf' ta i|yd lrkq
,nk ho iy ork W;aidyhka wdl jYfhka wksjdh m%;sM, ,efnk rdcH
wdfhdackhka f,i ie,fla'

01' wOHdmkh

fuf;la h m%udKhlg fyda mej;s ksoyia wOHdmkh wfydais lrka rch
l%udkql+,j wOHdmkfha j.lSfuka bj;a fjka is' oekgu;a rch wOHdmkh i|yd
fjka lrkafka o< foaYSh ksIamdokfhka 1'27] jeks b;d iq uqo,ls' Y%S ,xldf
wOHdmkh cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla fkdue;sj wrdl foumshkag;a YsIH YsIHdjkag;a
mqoa.,slj wl ho oeug isjk ;;ajh olajd fj<|m<lrKh lr we;'

mdie,a hd hq;= jhfia orejkaf.ka ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla mdi,aj,g we;=<;a
fkdjk w;r wOHdmkh ,nkakkaf.ka Yd, m%udKhlg w;ru`. wOHdmkh yer
hdug is we;' jirla mdid kj ore Wm;a 360"000 isjk w;r fuhska 60"000la

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iuq;sh

10jeks fY%AKsh fyda imQK fkdlr mdie,a yer h;s' Wiia fm< yeoEf wjia:dj
,efnkafka ,laI foll muK msilgh' jdIslj YajoHd, i|yd n|jd .kq
,nkafka Wmu 30"000la muK jQ isiq isiqhka ixLHdjls'

fjkiajk iudc-wdl jqjukdjkag wkqj wOHdmkh klrKh fkdu iy
wOHdmkfha merKs fkd.e,fmk l%uhka fjkqjg kj oHd;aul l%uhka tl;= fkdlsu
nrm;< .egjls' f.dvke.s,s" WmlrK wd fN!;sl im;aj, iy .=rejrekaf.a
oe yshla mj;S' ;sfnk iS; im;a m%udKh mjd fn hdf Iu;dj fya;=fjka
.%dh m%foaYj, wOHdmkh nrm;< wnqohlg ,laj ;sf' im;a ysh iy ;sfnk
im;a fn hdf Iu;djh;a" mdie,g we;=,a ug widOdrK ksKdhlhka ksfoaY
lsu;a fya;=fjka <uqkag ksoyfia m%d:l yd oa;shsl wOHdmkh ,eug we;s uQ,sl
whs;sh W,a,x>kh lr we;'

f,dal nexl= ksfoaYj,g wjk; fjka ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh i|yd ho wvq
lr fm!oa.,sl wxYhg wdOdr wkqn, u mej;s rchkaf.a m%;sm;a;shla u fya;=fjka
;D;Shsl wOHdmkho nrm;< wnqohlg ,laj we;'

iu

ish orejkag iy jeyshkag wOHdmkh ,ef whs;sh uQ,sl udkj
whs;sjdislula f,i ms,s.kakd w;r jdih lrk m%foaYh" cd;s" wd." l=," mx;s fyda
fjk;a kEu wdldrhl fNaohlska f;drj ish,a,kagu iudk wOHdmk wjia:d ,efnk
m wOHdmkh uqukskau rcfha j.lSula njg m;aflf'

l%shdud.

wOHdmkfha iu whs;sh uQ,sl whs;sjdislula f,i wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka

iy;sl flf' iEu mqoa.,hl=gu mqoa., olaI;d iy cd;sl wjYH;d u;
mokj wLKav wOHdmkhla" mqyqKqjla iy Wiia wOHdmkhla ,nd u
rch u.ska ;yjqre flf'

wOHdmkh i|yd lrkq ,nk hou wju jYfhka o< foaYSh ksIamd;fhka
06]la f,i fjkaflf' fuu m%;smdok wOHdmkfha iu whs;sh;a tys
.=Kd;aulNdjh;a wOHdmkhg wod< h;, myiql jOkh lsu;a
wruqKq lr.kska fhof'

ta ta lafIa;%j, Ih m%Khskaf.ka iy O jD;a;Skays fYaI{hskaf.ka

ie ,;a rdcH wOHdmk fldIka iNdjla u.ska cd;sl wOHdmk m%;sm;a;shla
jirla ;=< ilia lsu yd th wLKavj hdj;ald,Sk lsu is flf'

13

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fmr mdie,a wOHdmkh rcfha j.lSula fldg i,ld cd;sl wOHdmk

m%;sm;a;sfha w;HjYH fldgila njg m;alrk w;r oHd;aul mokula u;
tajd m%;slrKh lr .=rejhka oekqfuka iy l=i,;djkaf.ka fmdfydi;a
lsug;a ish fmr mdie,a w;HjYH myiqlj,ska ixjOkh lsug;a
mshjr .efka'

fuu ls%hdj,sh imQK jkf;la CIKsl wjYH;djhla f,i i,ld fmr

mdi,a ixjOkh lsu i|yd ,CI 03l Kh uqo,la ,ndfoa'

fmr mdie,a wOHdmkho we;= wOHdmkh i|ydu fjkajQ rEmjdyskS

kd,sldjla wdrN flf'

pkasld ;dlaIKh fhdod .kska .=re mqyqKq jevigyka fmr mdie,a

.=rejhka w;rg f.k hdu;a Tjqka we.hSu msKsi Nd. l%uhla ilia lr
iy;sl m;a mskeu;a wod, Nd.fhka iu;ajk iy;sl,dNS .=rejhkag
iar m;au ,nd u;a ukdjla f,i re' ,laI 02l uqo,la mskeu;a
is flf'

m<d;a iNd mdi,a" cd;sl mdie,a" ims mdie,a" kfjdaoHd mdie,a wd

Odldrfha woHd;aul iy foaYmd,ksl wruqKq u; is lrkq ,enQ iy
wkjYH ;rld;ajhlg u.mdod we;s ish fn wfydais flf'

m%d:l fY%AKsj,g <uqka we;=<;a lsug wod, ksKdhl yels;dla ir,

lrk w;r m%d:l wOHdmkh ,nd .; yels wdldrhg ish mdie,aj, iudk
im;a ,nd u ;=<ska m%d:l wxYhg <uqka we;=<;a lsf ;rld;ajh
bj;a flf'

m%d:l mdie,a Wiia m%;shg m;a lsf m%Odk wruqK we;sj oekg we;s
m%d:l mdie,aj,ska jirlg mdie,a 500 ne.ska f;dard f.k mdie,a w;r
we;s r" orejkaf.a wOHdmksl idOkh" hk ksKdhl u; jir 05 ;=<
m%d:l mdie,a 2500la i|yd m>kl uOHia:dkhla" l%Svd ixlSKhla"
<uqka 250lg myiql iys; kj fouy,a f.dvke.s,a,la" by< uguf
jeisls<s moaO;shla iy oka; yd <ud fi!LH idhkhla ,nd foa'

isiq orejka wOHdmkhg wdlIKh lr.; yels iy O Ihhka wjfndaO

lr u myiq lrk ^rg ;=< iy foaYhkays& Nd;djk fYaI l%ufohka
^Best Practices - Wod( .Ks;d.dr jeks& ykdf.k tajd jhsk mqrd m%p,s;
lsug m%uqL;dj ,ndfoa'

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ksmqK;djkag n,fkdmdk m m%d:l fYa%Ksj, isiqkag ksjfia fyda ndysr

mka;s u.ska lsug isjk wOHdmk lghq;= wjulr orejkaf.a iudc ;h
by< kexug;a foumshkag ug isjk wjysr;d wju lsug;a mshjr
.efka' ta hgf;a 1" 2" 3 jirj, orejkag f.or jev ^Home work& ,nd u
k;r lsug fhdackd flf'

mdi,a wOHdmkh ,nk ishu orejkag fkdf,a mdie,a fmd;a" ks, we

iy fmdaIHodhl jd wdydrhla iemfha'

iEu iri isiqjl=gu rch u.ska fkdf,a ,emafgdma m>klhla ,nd foa'

kk wOHdmkfha uQ,sl ,laIKhla we;s iEu isiqjl=gu m>klhla

,ndu yd mx;s ldur g,a ;dlaIKfhka hq;a tajd njg m;a lsu
wkd.;h i|yd w;HdjYH klrKhls' f i|yd m<uq jir ;=< mdi,a
100l mx;s ldur 500lao jir my ;=< mdie,a 1000l mx;s ldur 5000la
g,alrKh lsug lghq;= flf'

ish fm< fmd;a wka;cd,h yryd mYS,kh lsug myiql i,id foa'

m%d:l fY%aKsj, orejkaf.a fmdaIK W!K;d yd jer wdydr mqre

ykdf.k ta i|yd wjYH ms<sh fhug iy wjYH u`.fmka lsug
iEu mdie,lgu fmdaIKffhl=f.a fiajh ,nd foa'

fi!LH iy Ydl iqj;d wOHdmkh wksjdh lr jHdhdu iy l%Svd myiql

we;s flf'

orejkaf.a lshu hqKq lsu i|yd m%nqoaO mdGl iudc msysgqjd mdie,a
orejka w;r Bg wod, cd;sl ;rdj,shla wdrN flf'

mdie,a m%jdyk fiajd u;a iy wdrlaIdld lsu i|yd kS;suh ;;ajhka

iy ;dlaIKsl iydhhka ,nd ug lghq;= flf'

mdie,a isiqka m%jdykh i|yd fhdod .kakd nia r: iy jEka r: wdkhk

noafoka ksoyia flf'

orejkaf.a udkisl iqj;djh" jhi;a iu. isjk Ydl iy udkisl

fjkia" mdil yd mjq,a ;=< isjk .eg fya;=fjka orejka uqyqK
fok udkisl .eg i|yd wjYH WmfoaYkh ,nd ug iEu mdie,la
i|ydu mqyqKqj ,;a tla .=rejrhl= fyda m;a lsu yd isiqkaf.a udkisl
.eg ksrdlrKh lsu i|yd wjYH myiql iemhSu iy wjYH;djh
m m%;sldr i|yd fhduq lsu i|yd mshjr .efka'

15

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iuq;sh

idudkH fm< Nd.fhka miq kj Ih Odrdjka 09la ykajd fok w;r bka
;uka leu;s f;dard.;a Ih Odrdjla Tiafia bhg hdug isiq orejkag
wjia:dj i,id foa' ta wkqj ^i&oHd Ih Odrdj" ^ii&.Ks; Ih Odrdj"
^iii&iudc oHd Ih Odrdj" ^iv&jdKsc Ih Odrdj" ^v&;dlaIK Ih Odrdj"
^vi&m>kl Ih Odrdj" ^vii&jHdmdr Ih Odrdj" ^viii&fi!kaoh Ih
Odrdj iy ^ix&l%Svd Ih Odrdj f,i Ih Odrdjka kjhla ykajd foa'

mdi,aj, cd;sl NdIdjka ;=fkkau ^isxy," fou< yd bx.%Sis& Ihhka

b.ekaug wjYH ish myiql iemfha'

.=re ysh iy .=rejrekaf.a ldhlaIu;dj inkaOfhka oHd;aul

wOHhkhla is lr .=re ysh iy wldhlaIu;dj ke;s lsug mshjr
.efka' ta i|yd wdrNhla f,i Ialr mdie,aj, fiajh lrk .=rejrekag
jegqmg wu;rj uQ,sl jegqfmka 50]l ukdjla ,nd foa'

.=re jD;a;sh ;Dma;su;aj iy wd;au .re;ajhla we;s fiajdjla njg m;a

lsu i|yd .=reNj;=ka fmdf uqyqK fok ks, ksjdi" udre ls" jegqma"
Wiia" wLKav wOHdmkh" Kh yd iqNidOk myiql" jev yd j.lS
fn hdf Iu;djka jeks oefjk jD;a;Sh .eg inkaOfhka fidhd n,d
wod< jk m fjk;a rdcH wxY iu.o tlaj tajd iu i|yd fjkajQ
fYaIs; tallhla wOHdmk wud;HdxYh ;=< ia:dms; flf'

Wmd" mYapd;a Wmd we;= jer wOHdmkh iy fYaIfhkau mfhaIK

lghq;= i|yd .=rejreka fm<Uug lghq;= lrkq ,ef' ta hgf;a jirlg
.=rejreka 1000lg mYapd;a Wmd wOHdmkh i|yd wud;HdxYfhka uQ,H
wkq.%yh ,nd foa'

oekg mj;sk .=re mqyqKq y,a 18" .=rejreka mqyqKq lsf YajoHd,
njg m;a lr jirlg .=re jD;a;sh fjkqfjka lrkq ,nk n|jd .ekS
ixLHdj 3500 isg 6000 olajd je lsug mshjr .efka'

Wiia fm< iu;ajk ish isiqkag YajoHd,hg we;=,a f myiqlu ,nd

u b,lal lr .kska YajoHd, moaO;sh mq,a flf'

YajoHd, nqoafha flakaia:dkhka f,i i,lk w;r Wiia ;;ajfha

mfhaIK" nqoauh ixjdo" tajdfha ckkh jk oekqu iy ;dlaIKh fnod
yeug rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wdh;k inkaO lr.;a l%ufohla ilialr
l%shdjg kexf'

ish iri iy Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kj, wdpdhjrekag yd wkOHhk

ldh uKav,hg iy isiqkag fkajdisl myiql ,nd oSug lghq;= flf'

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iuq;sh

mYapd;a Wmd ,nd u i|yd oekg mj;sk wl%uj;a l%u ish,a, uOH.;
lr cd;sl mYapd;a Wmd wdh;khla ia:dms; flf'

iri wdpdh yshg yd nqoa.,khg iula jYfhkq;a je msila

iri wdpdhjreka f,i n|jd .ekSf wruqKskq;a jdIslj 10]lska
jejk m iar lldpdhjrhl=f.a wdrNl jegqm remsh,a 100"000
njg m;a flf'

mYapd;a Wmd imQK lr fjk;a /lshdj, ksr; W.;=ka iri moaO;shg

tla lr .ekSu i|yd Tjqka u;a lsf jevigykla ilia flf'

Y%S ,xldf irij, jdIslj by<u idud: ,nk isiqka 500lg foaYSh
hqKq YajoHd, iu. we;slr .kakd rdcH .siq u.ska mYapd;a Wmd
YsIH;aj mskef'

02' fi!LHh

miq.sh ishjfia uq,aNd.fha furg l%shd;auljQ fi!LHh iy wOHmkh we;=
iudc iqNidOk m%;sm;a;Skaf.a m%;sM,hla f,i tjlg nrm;< fi!LH .eg f,i
mej;s fndajk frda." ud;D yd <ud frda.dndO fukau fmdaIK W!K;d chf.k
mqrjeishkaf.a wdhq ld,h oYl follska muK by< oeug yelshdj ,eKs' ;=kajk
f,dalfha fjk;a fndfyda rgj,a w;r wmf.a fi!LH fiajdjg by< ms<s.ekSula ,eug
fya;=jQfha tu fiajdj ksoyia fi!LH fiajdjla f,i u;aj mj;ajd .kska jvd;a
ck;djg im fiajdjla f,i mj;ajd f.k .sh neks' tfy;a miq.sh oYl lSmh
;=< fi!LH fiajdf;a fi!LH wjY;djkaf.a;a uQ,sl fjkia lSmhla isjQ w;r tau
fjkiaj, wjidk m%;sM,h we;af;a" wm rf fi!LH fiajdjg rf uyck;djf.a
fukau foaYhkays ;snQ YajdikSh;ajh m u iy j;udk fi!LH wjYH;d bgq
lsug fkdyels j, ;;ajhg tu fiajdj m;auh'

wo jk g rf ck.ykh je we;' jeys ck.ykh jejk m ck
ixhq;sh fjkia we;' frda.dndO rgdj fjkia we;' f.da,Sh jYfhka .;a l< ffjoH
oHdj ;dlaIKsl f,i hqKq we;;a m%;sjl m%;sfrdaOh" foaY.=K mhdi" f.da,Shj
me;sr hk wdidok jeks ;dlaIKsl wNsfhda. nrm;< we;' ck;djf.a fi!LH ms<sn|
wfmalaIdjka by< f.dia we;' ta w;r mej;s md,khka iska wmf.a fi!LH fiajdjo
wmg fkdoekSu fjkia lrkq ,en we;' 1980 oYlh muK jkf;la uqukskau rcfha
j.lSu u; l%shd;auljQ fi!LH fiajdfjka rch l%ufhka bj;a fyda m%udKj;a m
uey;a fkd tu fiajdj fj<|fmd<g Ndrfoka ishs'

17

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yDoidlaIsh

yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

fi!LH fiajdj i|yd hou f,dalfha idudkH w.h o< foaYSh ksIamd;fhka
9'1] ls' wm rf th 3'3] ls' f,dalfha iuia;hla f,i .;al, rchka iska fi!LHhg
lrk hou iuia; fi!LH hoka 57] ls' tfy;a wm rf rch ork hou iuia;
fi!LH hoka 39]ls' 61]la jQ b;sh uyck;dj fm!oa.,slj ho lrhs' rch tla
mqrjeishl=f.a fi!LHh fjkqfjka fjka lrk uqo, we;e Okj;a rgj, we'fvd,
8000la muK jk w;r f,dalfha iudkHhla f,i we'fvd, 615la muK f' Y%S ,xld
wdKavqj fjka lrkafka we'fvd, 34lg wdikak uqo,ls' tys m%;sM,hla f,i ffjoHjreka
we;= fi!LH ldh uKav,fha;a T!IO we;= fN!;sl im;aj,;a oe yshla we;sj
;sf' rdcH fiajdf wvq jegqm;a w;Dma;su;a fiajd ;;a;ajhkq;a fya;=fjka fndfyda
mqyqKq fi!LH jD;a;slfhda rg yer hka is;s' furg WmdOd ffjoHjrekaf.ka 50]
la muK rg yer f.dia we;'

wjidk m%;sM,h f,i ck;dj w;aka iskafka ;ud;a ore oehkq;a ljr
fudfyd;l fyda h jix.;hl" frda.hl fyda wk;=rl f.drla njg m;ajkq we;ehso
tfia jqjfyd;a ksis m%;sldrhla ,efo fld;r uqo,la ho lsug isfoehs hk
ksrka;r ielfhka yd fhka j;auh' fvx.=" taia" WK jeks fndajk frda.j,g
wu;rj bka*afjkaid jeks jix.;hkao me;sfrka mj;S' jl=.vq frda." hjehdj"
ms<sld" yDohdndO" wxYNd.h" udkisl wdndO" I" mqoa., .egq" wk;=re jeks fnda
fkdjk .Kfha frda.S ;;ajhka jHdma; u jeu;a tajdhska hhk iy wdnd; jk
ixLHdj by< hdfukq;a fmkakq lrkafka" Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishkaf.a fi!LH ;;ajh b;d
wk;=reodhl ugul mj;sk nj;a fi!LHfha wdrlaIdjg mj;sk hdka;%Khka b;d
j, nj;ah'

iu

ish mqrjeishkaf.a fi!LHdrlaIdj cd;sl ugf m%uqL ldhhla h hq;=
w;r fi!LHh wdrlaId lsf j.lSu fj<|m<g Ndr fkd uqukskau rch iska
Ndr.efka' rcfha mQK j.lSfuka iy uey;afuka fi!LH fiajdj mj;ajdf.k hdu
f,dj mqrd mj;sk m%jK;djhla jk w;r f,dal fi!LH ixOdkh u.skao wjOdrKh
lr we;s m fi!LHh i|yd rdcH j.lSu ;yjqre flf'

l%shdud.

wfma

Wiia fi!LH ;;ajhlska fyj;a by<u udkisl" ldhsl iy iudcuh

iqj;dfjka j;au uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdislula f,i wdKavql%u jHjia:djg
we;=,a flf'

yDoidlaIsh

18

yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

wvq houlska by<u fi!LH fiajdjla mj;ajdf.k hk lshqndj we;=

Wiia fi!LH fiajdjkaf.ka fukau f,dal fi!LH ixOdkh jeks ixOdk
iska ykdf.k we;s M,odhS l%ufo ^fi!LH fiajdj ,nd .ekSf
ieug idOdrK wjia:dj" fi!LH i|yd jkajr mqoa.,slj ho lsf
wjYH;dj ke;s lsu" m%d:l fi!LHhg uq,a ;ek u" fi!LH i|yd nyq
lafIa;% iyNd.s;ajh wd& we;=,a lrka cd;sl fi!LH m%;sm;a;shla iy ta
u; f.dvke.=Kq taldnoaO cd;sl fi!LH fiajdjla ia:dms; flf'

tys jejk ck.ykh" ck ixhq;sfha fjkiau" ;dlaIKfha hqKqj iy

wNsfhda. ^Wod- m%;sjl m%;sfrdaOh&" rg m;alr we;s wdl wnqoh"
frda.dndO rgdjka iy tajdg uq,ajk iudc-wdl ;;ajhka we;= ish
idOl" ck;d wjYH;d wd ish,a, ie,ls,a,g f.k fi!LH m%jOkh"
frda.dndO ksjdrKh" m%;sldr" mqkre;a:dmkh hk fi!LH fiajdf ish
wxY u;a lsug;a wjYH m m%idrKh lsug;a mshjr .efka'

t<fUk jir 05 we;=<; iEu mqoa.,hl=gu rch fjkqfjka j.lshk mjqf,a

ffjoHjrhl=f.a wdjrKh ,nd fok w;r wju jYfhka jirlg jrla
mQK ffjoH mlaIKhlg ,la flf'

oekg wjqre 75laj mj;sk Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a wdhq wfmaCId ld,h by<
kexug wjYH ls%hdud. .efka'

m<d;amd,k" fj<|" wdydr" lDIs" jr" mY= im;a" wOHdmk" ckudOH"

rdcH uQ,H" c," mdil" ;dlaIK iy mfhaIK we;= O laafIa;%hkays
rdcH wdh;k fukau is,a iudc ixOdkj,o fmd uyck;djf.ao
foaYSh iy foaYSh fYaI{hskaf.a iy ixOdkj,o iyNd.s;ajfhka iy
iyfhda.fhka oekg nyq,j jHdma; fjka ;sfnk frda.dndO iy wk;=re
lkka md,kh lsu i|yd b,lal.; jevigyka l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk
w;r ta hgf;a c,NS;sldj iy fvx.= frda.h jir ;=kla ;=< uqukska ;=rka
lsug mshjr .efka'

ud;D" <ud iy ksjdrK fi!LH fiajdjkag uQ,sl;ajh ,nd fok w;r mdie,a
jhfia isg by<g jQ iEu mqrjeishl=gu j;udk frda.dndOhkag .e,fmk
uQ,sl fi!LH wOHdmkhla ,nd foa' tys ish wdldrfha udOH" foaYmd,k
fld" wd.l wjia:d" wOHdmk wdh;k" rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wdh;k iy
jev fhdod .efka'

rdcH wxYfha w;HjYH T!IO" WmlrK iy mlaIK myiql ysh iy

m%;shla fkdue;sf ;;ajh jir myla ;=< uqukska ;=rka lrk w;r ta
ish wxY i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYhgo n,mdk m cd;sl m%;sm;a;s ilia
flf'

19

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

T!IO mk; jvd;a ck;djdj ixfYdaOkh lr n,d;aul flf'

ksh; m%;sfhka hq;a T!IO muKla fj<|fmd<g ksl=;a lrk w;r

T!IOj, wka;.;h iy tajdhska we;sh yels w;=re wdndO ms<sn|
oekqj;a lrk m;%sldjla ^NdId ;=fkkau& T!IO iu. ,nd foa'

oekg nyq,j mj;sk jl=.vq iy ms<sld frda.j,ska fmf<k frda.Ska i|yd

wjYH ish T!IO yd wfkl=;a m%;sldr rch u.ska fkdf,a ,nd ug
mshjr .efka'

orejka fkdue;s jdyl mjq,a i|yd ore M, yslru msKsi fYaI ffjoH
myiql iys; tall rf m%Odk frday,a ;=< we;s flf'

myiq ,g .=Kd;aul T!IO ck;djg ,nd.; yelsjk m rdcH Tiqie,a

m%udKh jirlg 100 ne.ska jir myla ;=< 500la ia:dms; flf'

T!IO yd WmlrK foAYShj ksIamdokh by< kexu i|yd rdcH yd rdcHfm!oa.,sl jHdjidhl wxYj,g foa' ta fjkqfjka tu ksIamdokhka lrk
wdh;k m<uq jir fol ;=< nj,ska ksoyia flf'

fi!LH ldh uKav,fha jD;a;Sh ;Dma;sh iy ldhlaIu;djh by< kexu

msKsi oekqu iy l=i,;d hdj;ald,Sk lsug;a Tjqka uqyqK fok jegqma"
ukd" ks, ksjdi ysh" iqN idOk j,;d we;= jD;a;Sh .egj,g
idOdrK i ,nd ug;a Wmu mshjr .efka'

m%cd fi!LH m%jOkh i|yd ffjoH" fyo" mmQrl$w;=re ffjoH iy fiiq

jD;a;slhska 50"000la jir 05 la ;=< rdcH fi!LH fiajdjg wkqhqla; flf'

iEu .%du fiajd jiulau wdjrKh jkfia m%cd fi!LH tallhla msysgqjkq
,ef' frda. je<elau iy wjodk wvq frda. i|yd m%;sldr ug wjYH
ffjoH" fyo ldhuKav,hka f i|yd wkqhqla; lrk w;r tu.ska rcfha
frday,aj, ;onoh wju flf'

ffjoH wOHdmkh we;= ish fi!LH jD;a;Sh wOHdmkh rdcH YajoHd,

yd rdcH wdh;k u.ska muKla is flf' ta i|yd ffjoH fkdjk jD;a;Skao
we;=,a jk m fi!LH oHdjka ms<sn|j iri mSG wdrN flf'

furg oekg mj;sk 11la jk rcfha fyo y,a ixLHdj jelsug mshjr
.kakd w;r tu wdh;k YajoHd, ugu olajd Wiia lrkq ,ef'

ffjoH iNdjkays iajdk;ajh" n,;, iy myiql mq,a lr rg ;=<

fiajfha kshq;= ish fi!LH jD;a;slhska Wiia oekqfuka" l=i,;dfjka iy
kfhka hq;a nj ck;djg iy;sl flf'

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

yis fi!LH wjYH;d i|yd fYaIfhka fjkajQ meh 24 mqrd l%shd;aul

rl:k wxlhla ykajd fok w;r fi!LH fiajdjka ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd
f uOHia:dkhla msysgqf'

ckdjdi" fiajd ia:dk wdh mok lr .kska yis m%;sldr iy frda.S

m%jdyk fiajdjla m jHdma; ugka l%shd;aul flf'

oekg f.dv.eiS we;s w;HjYH Y,Hlu ^yoj;a" jl=.vq jeks& lkka

is lsu i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfhao iydh we;=j jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul
lrk w;r ta i|yd fld< noao fhdod .kska fYaI wruqo,la ia:dms;
flf'

m<uq fY%AKshg isiqka we;=,;a lsf tla tla isiqjdg wod, ffjoH jd;djla
ieliSu yd fi!LH wjOdkula we;s isiqka i|yd ksrka;r mlaIdjg ,la
lsula is flf'

mqoa.,hska 200lg jvd fiajh lrk fiajd ia:dkj, cx.u mlaIKd.dr

iy cx.u T!IOYd,d fhdod .kska fnda fkdjk frda. i|yd udisl idhk
meje;aug lghq;= flf'

jevlrk ck;djg ndysr frda.S iy idhk m%;sldr ,nd .ekSu myiqjk

fia i;sfha kj, WoEik yfha isg rd;%s 10 olajd iy bod khkao
wdjrKhjk fia tu fiajdjka > lsug mshjr .kq ,ef'

wdhqfo" foaYSh ffjoH" fydafhdam;s" hqkdks wd ffjoH l%u jehqKQ

lsu i|yd;a tajd ck;djg imlr,Su i|yd;a fYaI jev ms<sfj<la
ls%hd;aul flf'

ngysr" wdhqfo" fydafhdam;s" hqkdks yd foaYSh jeks O ffjoH l%u

oHd;aul mokula u; taldnoaO fiajdjka f,i ck;djg ,nd f
yelshdj tu lafIa;%j, fYaI{hskaf.a iydhfhka fidhd nef,a'

ngysr iy foaYSh fi!LH fiajdjka md,kh tla wud;HxYhla hg;g m;a

flf'

f wdldrhg fi!LH lafIa;%h ixjOkh lsf wjYH m rcfha

m%;smdok o< foaYSh ksIamd;fhka 05] olajd je lsug mshjr .efka'

21

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

03' c,h" wdydr yd fmdaIKh iy ikSmdrlaIdj

jir oyia .Kkla mqrd ksia jfha meje;aug f,dalfha jvd;a iqiqu rgla
njg Y%S ,xldj m;ajQfha msis c,h m%udKj;a m ;su" wdydrj,ska iajhxfmdaIs;
u" foaY.=K mhdihka wju u iy ikSmdrlaIdj yd iyfhda.S;dj w.hk
ixialD;shla meje;Su hk idOl u;h' tfy;a wo jk g isj we;af;a l=ulao@
wu;a ldlrKh" jer foaYmd,k iy wdl m%;sm;a;s fya;=fjka f ish,a,
wnqohg ,laj fuu uQ,sl wjYH;d mjd ,dxlslhskag wys fjka ;sf'

wdydr ksIamdolhd" w;rue hdka;%Kh yiqrejkakka iy mdfNda.slhd
hk ish fokd rch iska wrdl jD; fj<|fmdf<a w;rux lr we;' wms wo
w;aolska iskafka f uQ,sl wnqofha u;=msg m%ldYkhh' ksIamdolhd ;ukag
ksis ,la fkd,efuka" wiajekakg w;ajk brKu ms<sn| wksYa;Ndjfhka iy
;dlaIKsl u.fmkaula fkdue;s lka mSvd hs' w;HdjYH fiajdjl ksr;jk
w;rue hdka;%Kh yiqrejkakka fyg oji .ekjQ wdl wia:djr;ajh fya;=fjka
je ,dNhla Wmhd .ekSug wdydr mdk lD;s lsf;a ji i tl;= lsf;a" ,
by< oef;a ksr;jk w;r mdfNda.shd wl , iy ji i tl;= we;soehs
ksrka;r hlska ksis fmdaIKhla fkd,nka j;a fjhs' <ud mrmqr iy we;e jeys
fldgia ukaofmdaIKfhka fmf<k w;r Kq" foh iy iSks wl wdydr .ekSug n,
flfrk wdl rgdj fya;=fjka ;j;a fndfyda msila hjehdj" wrer mSvkh"
ms<sld" ;rndrej" jl=.vq frda. jeks frda.dndOj,skq;a fmf,a' idudkH Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a
ffoksl iSks" msIaG" f;,a" fo mfNdackh ksh; m%uKdhg jvd fo.=Khla muK
jqjo ud" t<j" kejq ls iy m<;=re mfNdackh ksh; m%udKhg jvd wvlg;a
wvq nj mfhaIlhska iska fidhdf.k ;sf' fuu ;;ajh hjehdj" wrer mSvkh"
ms<sld" ia:Q,;dj" yDohdndO iy wd>d;h jeks frda.dndOj,g fya;= we;'

fYaIfhka c,fha ridhksl ;;ajh inkaOfhka iy;sl f hdka;%Kh j,
u fya;=fjka c,h u.ska je<f|k frda.o jefjka ;sf' wdydr yd fmdaIKfhka
iajhxfmdaIKh h yels wm rg wdydrmdk iy gka wdh wdkhkh lsug foaY
ksuh ,shk .Kkla jeh lrhs' fuh nrm;< fojdplhls'

iu

fmd ck;djf.a wdydr" fmdaIKh iy mdkSh c,h ms<sn|j ksrka;rfhka fidhd
ne,Su;a m%;sm;a;s ilia lr l%shd;aul lsu;aa wdKavqf wkq,x>kSh j.lSula njg m;a
flf'

wfma

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iuq;sh

l%shdud.

jir mylg jrla cd;sl fmdaIK ;;a;aj wOHhkhla is flf'

fl yd .= ld,Sk ukao fmdaIKfhka fmf<k orejkag fkdf,a fYaI

wdydr ,nd ug lghq;= flf'

ishu fmr mdie,a iy mdie,a orejkag fkdf,a fmdaIKfhka msreKq jd

wdydr f,la ,nd ug lghq;= flf'

fi!LH imkak wdydr rgdjla i|yd <uqka yqre lsug wod, cd;sl
jevms<sfj<la yd wOHdmk jevigyka ilia fldg l%shd;aul flf'

.eKs yd ls fok ujrekag yd fcHIaG mqrjeishkag re'2000l uqo,la

fmdaIK iykdOdrhla f,i udislj ,nd fokq we;'

fj<|fmdf<a iy .DydY%s; ishu wdydr iy c,fha iqrlaIs;;dj iy;sl

lsu i|yd wjYH lafIa;%.; ks,Odka iy mfhaIKd.dr we;= fjk;a
myiql je flf'

m%;sfhka hq;a jeisls<s fkdue;s ish mjq,a tallj,g m<d;amd,k wdh;k

yryd fkdf,a jeisls<s blr foa'

oekg k.r iy ud.j, jeisls<s myiql fkdue;sf .egjg ms<shula

f,i ixpdrlhska" fmd ck;dj .ejfik m%udKhka iy k.r w;r
uydud.hkays r jeks lreKq ie,ls,a,g f.k by< m%;sfhka hq;a fmd
ikSmdrlaIl taall moaO;shla ^Sanitary Unit& jhsk mqrd ia:dms; flf'

wdydrmdk ilia lsf yd wf,fha Bg ji I tl;= lrk yd m%;sfhka

f;drj wdydrmdk ksIamdokh lrk yd fj<|df fhfok mqoa.,hskag
tfrysj kS;sh oe f,i l%shd;aul flf'

m<;=re iy t<j ksIamdokfha" fnodyef iy wf,fh fi!LHdrCIs;

nj iy ksh; m%;Ska wdrCId lsu iy;sl flf'

04' l%Svd iy Yr iqj;djh

ksfrda.S" kh .rel iy iudcYs,S ukd fm!reIhlska hq;a mrmqrla ys lsfuys,d
l%Svdj jeo.;a wx.hla ;sf' ish,a, uqo,g , lrk j;auka fld,a,ld wdlh
;=< l%Svdf ;sh hq;= idOkSh ,laIK wfydais lr oud ;sf' j;udkfha l%Svdj m;a
lr we;af;a" uqo,a Wmhk iQjl ;;ajhlgh' ta ksidu l%Svd lafIa;%h ;=< jxpd" IK"
w,a,ia iy O wmpdr rc lrka ;sf' l%Svdj i|yd wjYH rdcH uey;au is
fkdjk w;r cd;sl l%Svd ie,eiaula fkdue;s uo .egjla ;sf' l%Svlhska i|yd

23

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l%Svdms" l%Svd.dr" l%Svd WmlrK wd myiql fkdue;su;a l%Svl l%Sldjka mqyqKq

lsu i|yd jk mqyqKq jevigyka iy mqyqKqlrejkaf.a ysh;a fya;=fjka rg mqrd is
isk O olaI;d iys; l%Svl l%Sldjkag ;u olaI;djh oelau i|yd wjia:dj
wys we;'

<ud jhfia isg jfhdajDO mqoa.,hd olajd h ldhsl jHdhduhl ksr;u
w;HjYH jqjo ta i|yd wjia:djka ksis m mq,a fkd we;s w;r ck;dj w;r
wjfndaOho b;d wju ugul mj;S' je ck>k;ajhla iys; m%foaYhkays fuh
nrm;< .egjla jk w;r mdie,aj,ska wvlg;a jvd je m%udKhl l%Svdms we;=
wfkl=;a myiql fkdue;' jHdhdu iy l%Svd i|yd fhduqjkakkaf.a fi!LH ;;ajh
mlaId lsf iy uey;af rdcH hdka;%Khla fkdue;slu fya;=fjka jkd ;
.Kkdjla wys jQ w;r ;ju;a tjekakla ia:dms; lr fkdue;'

iu

ishu l%Svdj,g iudk;ajh ,efnk m l%Svd hqKq lsu;a" mj;ajdf.k hdu;a
rcfha j.lSula njg m;a lrk w;r l%Svd k.d isgqu i|yd jQ b,lal iys;j cd;sl
l%Svd m%;sm;a;shla iy jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul flf'

l%shdud.

l%Svd lafIa;%h kj mmd,k" kS;s yd kh moaO;shla u; m%;sixOdkh

flf'

l%Svl l%Sldjka /l n,d .ekSu" rlaIKh lsu" uQ,H yd fN!;sl im;a

,nd u" jD;a;Sh l%Svl l%Sldjkag jegqma iy fjk;a ukdo ksjdi
myiqlo l%Svd WmlrKo iemhSu i|yd cd;sl jevms<sfj<la flf'

jD;a;Sh l%Svl l%Sldjka i|yd l%Svdfjka Y%du .ekSfuka miq Y%du jegqmla
,nd ugo lghq;= flf'

iEu ,shdmx mdie,a l%Svdjla i|ydu ia;%sla ugf l=i,;d fmkajk

mdie,a l%Svlhska 1000lg uilg re' 2000 ne.ska jQ l%svd YsIH;aj
jevms<sfj<la wdrN flf'

mdie,a isiqka fmd; m;g muKla iSudu fjkia lsug;a Tjqkaf.a Yr

iqj;djh by< kexu;a wruqKq lr.kska idudkH fm< Nd.hg Ihla
f,i l%Svdjla wksjdh lrkq ,ef'

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cd;sl ugf l%Svlhska cd;Hka;r ;,hg f.k tau wruqKq lrf.k O

l%Svd bi wdjrKh jk fia jirlg l%Svlhska 50lg foaYSh l%Svd mqyqKq
YsIH;aj ,nd foa'

l%Svdjg olaIl we;s wdnd; mqoa.,hskag m,mqre mqyqKqlrejka fhdod

mqyqKqlr cd;Hka;r ;r i|yd fhduq lsug mshjr .efka'

mdie,a ugf l%svdj hqKq lsu i|yd jirla ;=< mdi,a l%Svdx.K 100la
imQK myiql iys;j ixjOkh lsu i|yd l%svdx.khlg re' ,shk
50 ne.ska fjka flf'

wju jYfhka tla ia;%slalhlg tllajk m wx. imQK l%Svdx.Khla

iys; l%Svd ixlSKhla ne.ska msysgqjkq ,ef'

iEu uQ,sl frday,la wdY%s;ju l%Svd ffjoH tallhla msysgqjd l%Svdjg wod<
fi!LH fiajdjka iy wOHdmkh foumshka" l%Svlhska" mqyqKqlrejka iy
ixOdhlhska w;rg jHdma; lsug mshjr .kq ,ef'

ish mdie,a orejka" Wiia wOHdmk yd jD;a;Sh wdh;kj, isiq isiqhka iy

kd.l yd wO kd.l mirhkays j;ajkakka i|yd jHdhdu myiql
je hqKq lsug lghq;= flf'

l%Svd ix.ys ks,;, oef m%K l%Svl l%Sldjkag wjia:dj ,efnk

m tajdfha jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh flf'

l%Svlhka" l%Svd lafIa;%fha ;dlaIK Ys,amSka" l%Svd l<ukdlrejka"

mqyqKqlrejka" ;r ixOdhlhska" l%Svd WmlrK ksIamdolhska" l%Svd
udOHlrejka wdka ksudKh lrk iy mqyqKq lrk l%Svd i|yd fjkajQ
cd;sl l%Svd mdi,la m<uq jir ;=<o l%Svd i|yd fjkajQ cd;sl irihla
m<uq jir 03 ;=<o wdrN flf'

fi!LH i|yd jehjk ho md,kh l< yels m%Odku l%uh ksfrda.S Yrhla
we;s ck;djla ys lsuh' Ydl fhda.H;djh Fitness je lsu u.ska iqj;djh
wellness we;s lsu fuys uQ,sl wruqKhs' ta i|yd"
1'

iEu rdcH yd mqoa.,sl wdh;khlu Ydl iqj;d uOHia:dk wdrN lsu

u;a flf' ldh uKav,h 250g je iEu wdh;khlg fuh wksjdh
flf'

2' oekg Ydl fhda.H;d mqyqKqlrejka 20"000l muK wjYH;djhla wm

rg ;=< mj;S' b jir my ;=< fuu b,lalh imqrd .ekSug rdcH iy
mqoa.,sl wdh;kj, wdOdr iy wkqn, foa'

25

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3' Yr fhda.H;d mqyqKqj i|yd wjYH WmlrK u; mkjd we;s n bj;a

flf'
4' iqNidOl ix." l%Svd i;s jeks rg mqrd ys we;s m%cduQ, ixOdkj,g
Yr fhda.H;d uOHia:dk wdrN lsu i|yd ixOdk 500lg re' 100"000
ne.ska ,nd foa'

05' oHd yd ;dlaIK

21jk ishjfia ksia j.hdf.a brKu iy wdlh uqukskau r|d mj;skafka
oHdj iy ;dlaIKfha hqKqj u;h' oHdj iy ;dlaIKh inkaOfhka wm rg fm<k
miq.d;ajhg m%Odk fya;=jla jkafka rf kdhl;ajhg m;ajQjka iy Tjqka jgd tl;=jk
msia oHdj Yajdi fkdlsu iy oHdka ;u mgq wruqKq fjkqfjka fhdod .ekSuh'
rdcH wdh;k moaO;sh |oeu iy kj ,snr,a wdl l%uh iska wo jk g oHdj"
;dlaIKh yd oHdka ,dNh bmehSf jHdmdl wruqKq fjkqfjka fhdod .kska
;sf' ck ;h b;d Wiia ;;ajhlg m;a l< yels oHd yd ;dlaIKh l%ufo f,dj
mqrd;a wm rf;a ys jqjo bka ,dxlsl ck iudchg;a foaYSh wdlhg;a ,efnkafka
b;d wju m%fhdackhls' T!IOj,ska iy kk ffjoH oHdfjka ,eh hq;= m%fhdack
ck;djg fkd,e hkafka rcfha jer fi!LH iy T!IO m%;sm;a;s fya;=fjks' rcrg
jl=.vq frda.hg jir 30lg miqjo iula fkd,efnkafka wdKavq l< foaYmd,lhska
oHdjg ksis ;ek fkduh'

oHdj iy ;dlaIKh hqKq jkafka;a thska ck ; Wiia jkafka;a oHdjg iy
;dlaIKhg ksis ;ek ,efnk foaYmd,k iy wdl l%uhla ;=< muKs' rf wOHdmk
l%uh ;=< mj;akd woHd;aul nj;a Nd. b,lal lr ilid we;s wOHdmk rgdj;a
iska .fIKhg" mfhaIKhg yd ksudKYS,S yelshdjkag bv m%ia:dj fkd,e hduo
oHdj iy ;dlaIKh hqKq fkdug fya;= we;' O jD;a;Skag inkaOj /lshd
lrkakkag tu jD;a;Skag w;HjYH jQ mfhaIK iy ;dlaIKsl oekqu ,nd .ekSf
jevms<sfj<la fkdue;s fuka Wiia ;dlaIKsl oekqu iys; jD;a;slhska ysu wvmK
we;'

oHd yd mfhaIK lghq;= i|yd rch u.ska fjka lrk uqo,a m%udKh b;d
wvqu" O mfhaIK wdh;k w;r inkaOhla fkdue;slu" mfhaIKhkays m%;sM,
iy kj ksmehq ^fN!;sl ksmehq iy kj l%ufo& cd;sl wdlfha wNsjDoahg
iy ck;h by< kexug rf md,lhska iska fhdod fkd.ekSu;a mfhaIK iy
ixjOk lghq;= wffOhu;a lsug n,md we;'

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iu

oHdj iy ;dlaIKh ixjOkh lsu;a Bg ish wod, ish myiql je
hqKq lsu;a uqukskau rcfha j.lSula f,i ie,fla' cd;sl oHd yd ;dlaIK
m%;sm;a;shla iy mia wjqre ie,eiaula l%shd;aul flf'

ck;hg n,mdk m%Odk lafIa;% ish,a,gu oHdj yd ;dlaIKh fhdod .kakd
w;r foaY ksuh bmhSu we;= wdl l%shdj,sfha m%Odk ;ekla kk mfhaIK iy
ixjOkhg ys lr foa'

l%shdud.

oekg oHd yd ;dlaIK wud;HdxYh hgf;a mj;sk ishu wdh;k

ms<sn|j;a oekg msysgqjd ke;s lafIa;% ms<sn|j;a wjOdkh fhduq lr oHd
;dlaIK wud;HdxYh m%;s jHqy.; flf' wud;HdxYh hg;g fkd.efkk
YajoHd," fjk;a rdcH fyda wO rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl mfhaIK iy
ixjOk wdh;k iu. iy tajd w;r inkalrKh iy wlaIKh i|yd
ksYa; tallhla oHd yd ;dlaIK wud;HdxYh hgf;a ia:dms; flf'

oHd yd ;dlaIK wud;HdxYh hgf;a kj wdh;ksl jHqyhla msysgqjkq ,nk

w;r th my; i|yka wdh;kj,ska iuka; f'

^w& cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| fldIka iNdj

wfma fm!rdKsl yd mdrml oHd;aul oekqu yd ;dlaIKsl oekqu fidhd .ekSu;a

tajd ,s; yd bf,lafg%dksl udOH ;=< ixrlaIKh lsu;a merKs oekqu yd l%ufohka
b.ekau;a tajd ms<sn| kj mfhaIK lsu yd tlS oekqu kQ;k ;dlaIKsl oekqu yd
tlalr ixjOkh lsu;a fuys wruqK f'

^wd& oHd jHdma;s fldIka iNdj

u;a wdh;ksl wOHdmk Odrdj ;=< isk isiqkag oHd yd ;dlaIK oekqu ,nd ug
wod, u`.fmka lsu;a fmdf iudcfha we;s woHd;aul wdl,am /,Su i|yd
W;aidy lsu;a iudcfha ishu fokdg w;HjYH uQ,sl oHd yd ;dlaIK oekqu ,nd
u;a ksIamdok yd fiajd lafIa;%j, ksr; mqoa.,hkag wu;r oHd oekqu ,nd u;a
fuys wruqK f'

27

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^we& cd;sl oHd mlaIK welvh

rf uyd mudK ksIamdok l%shdj,shg w;HjYH ;dlaIKsl u`. fmkau ,nd u;a
lDIsluhg" i;aj md,khg" jr ludka;hg yd ludka; lafIa;%hg wod< hka;%
iQ;% yd WmlrK ksudKh lsu yd ixjOkh lsu;a kj oHd;aul oekqu ixjOkh
lsu;a fuys wruqK f'

^wE& uyck Wmfhda.s;d ;dlaIK ixjOk uOHia:dkh

ck;djf.a ffoksl yd .Dyuh ;hg wjYH WmlrK yd fiajdjka jehqKq lsu;a

tajd Nd;h ms<sn| oekqu ,nd u;a msueiqodhS" ,dNodhS" ldhlaIu" myiq yd
mir ys;ld .Dy WmlrK ksIamdokh lsug u fmkau;a tys wruqK f'

^B& kj ksmehqlrejkaf.a fldiu

fuu.ska mdie,a iy Wiia wOHdmkfha fhfok isiqkao we;= fmd ck;dj kj oHd;aul
w;ayodne,S yd fidhd .ekS flfrys fm<Uu;a kj ksmehqlrejkaf.a ksudK
ixjOkh lr jdKscuh jYfhka ksIamdokh lsug u;a kj ksudKlrejkag
jer wOHdmkh i|yd wkq.%yh ,nd u;a kj ksudKlrejka ,shdmx lr Tjqkag
foia-foia mqyqKqj" wOHdmkh" uQ,H yd ;dlaIK wkq.%yh ,nd u;a wruqKq lr .kS'

oHd idys;Hh m%p,s; lsug ish wkq.%yhka imhk w;r ta hgf;a oHd
idys;H iudkh kej; ykajd u" oHd f,aLlhkag w;ys; u" fjk;a
NdIdj,ska m<jk oHd;aul lD;s foaYSh NdIdjkag mj:kh lsu" kj
oHd lD;s imdokh lsu jeks mshjr .efka'

wksjdh oa;shsl wOHdmkfhka miqj mdie,a yer hkakka i|yd ir,

ugf mdGud,dj, isg ;dlaIKh ms<sn| mYapd;a Wmd olajd isr .sh
mq,a ldl y,a" ;dlaIKsl mdi,a yd Wiia ;dlaIK YajoHd, iys;
wOHdmk cd,hla ia:dms; flf'

oekg foaY.;j isk oHd{hska" mfhaIlhska yd nqoau;=kaf.a fiajh

rgg ,nd.; yelsjk fia fYaI jevigyka l%shd;aul flf'

fjk;a rgj,a iu oHd yd ;dlaIK oekqu yqjudre lr .ekSf

jevigykao" yjq,a mfhaIK jHdmD;so wrN flf'

l=vd yd uOHu mudK ludka;" lDIsluh" jr ludka;h wd iq yd

uOH mudK ludka; i|yd kj oHd oekqu ykajd ug lghq;= flf'

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iEu wud;HdxYhlgu oHd yd ;dlaIK WmfoaYl iNdjla m;aflf'

rdcH fiajdj yels Wmufhka m>kl .; lrk w;r wka;cd,fhka

fiajdjka bgq lr .; yels ;;ajhg m;a flf'

wka;cd, myiql fkdf,a ,nd f jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul flf'

wkd.;fha jvd;a wjOdkhg fhduqjk iajNdl iy fYaIfhkau mir

ys;ld jH wdY%s; ksIamdok inkaOfhka mfhaIK iy ixjOk
lghq;=j,g mQK wkq.%yh ,nd fok w;r tajd ksIamdokfha fmdis,
bkaOk wvqfjka Nd; jk ludka;j,g je m%uqL;djla ,nd foa' YdL
we;= iajdNdl uQ,dY%j,ska flfrk ksIamdok Y%S ,xldjg wl foaY
ksuhla Wmhd ug iu;ajkq we;'

29

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klrKh yd
ldlrKh jQ rgla

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01' wdl lafIa;%h

wm .kakd yqiau fmdo" lEu" u" jdyh" /lshd" wOHdmkh" fi!LH we;=
ish,a, ;SrKh jkafka rf wdlh u;h' 1948 g fmr cd;Ska lSmhl iDcq hg;a
;hla f,i;a t;eka isg 1977 olajd taldld rdcH Okjdohg;a 1977ka miq jD;
fj<|fmd, wdlhla f,i;a O iajrEmfhka l%shd;aul jQ Y%S ,xldf wdlh
f jk g oe wnqohg ,laj ;sf' fuf;la ,xldj md,kh l< ish md,lhkaf.a
fld,a,ld wdl m%;sm;a;sh yuqf w.dOhg je we;s Y%S ,xldj Kh iy n u;
/Kq whdf,a hk wdlhla njg m;aj we;' ;gqudre wdKavq hgf;a wm rg ixj;
;;ajhg m;a fkdjQjd muKla fkdj wojk g remsh,a flda 800"000la ^fyj;a ,shk
8000& jQ rdcH Kh m%udKhlao wm u; mgjd we;' tal mqoa., Kh nr remsh,a ,laI
y;rla muK f' ksIamdok wdlhla we;s fkdlsf m%;sM,hla f,i ksIamdokh lvd
je wmkhk wdodhu b;d my< w.hlg je we;' ta fya;=fjka wmkhk wdodhu fuka
fo.=Khla jeh lr wdkhkhka lsug isj we;' wjidkfha .ska .gu rg Yd,
fj<| yshlg iy uQ,H wnqohlg uqyqK foka is'

uq rdcH wdodhu ;=< jl% n by< w.hla .ekSu fya;=fjka ck;djg Yd,
n nrla oeug isj ;sf' wdlfha uyd mudK rdcH wdh;k jk ,sh n,
uKav,h" LKsc f;,a ixia:dj" jrdh" fg,sfld" .=jkaf;dgqfmd<" c, imdok" Lksc
im;a jeks wdh;kj,ska ,eh yels ,dN fkd,nd tajd Yd, f,i jxpd" IK" kdia;s
isjk wdh;k f,i cd;sl wdlhg nrla iy ck;dj u; megjQ mSvdjla njg
m;alr ;sf'

foaYSh yd foaYSh wdfhdack lvd jefukao rdcH wxYh yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh
ksis l<ukdlrKhla fkdue;s fukao ksIamdok lafIa;%h lvd je we;s w;r ta
fya;=fjka NdKav yd fiajd , by< hdu" /lshdj by< hEu iy Y%u iQrdlEu
by< hEu Yd, .eg f,i mj;sk w;r ,xldf wdlh fkka k hka we;af;a
wnqohgh'

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iu

rg ;=< l%shd;aul flfrk wid:l fld,a,ld jD; fj<|fmd< wdl
m%;sm;a;sh fjkqjg kk iudcjd m%;sm;a;su; msysgd NdKav iy fiajd ksIamdokhg
m%uqL;djh fok ksIamdok wdlhla f.dv kefa' ta i|yd ck;d iyNd.s;ajh ,nd
.kakd w;r wdlfha m%;s,dN ck;dj w;r idOdrK f,i fn hdu wmf.a iuia;
iudc-wdl ie,eiau ;=,ska iy;sl flf'

udkj imf;a Wiia ixjOkh wdlfha m%Odk Wmdhud.h njg m;a flf'

02' ludka;

.=ld,Sk b,lal iy.; ldl jevms<sfj<la fkdue;s fuka ,xldf
ludka; lafIa;%h ;ju;a b;d fkdhqKq ;;ajl mj;S' blgqf isg ish,a, msgrka
f.fkk ;;ajhg m;aj we;af;a" ludka; wxYfha mj;sk fkdhqKq nj fya;=fjks'
oYl .Kkdjlg miqj;a ,xldjg wkkH jQ jdisiy.; ludka;hla f.dvk.d
.ekSug yels ke;' Bg wu;rj foaYSh fj<|fmd< b,lal lr .kska l< yels
ksIamdok fkdlsu iy foaY fj<|fmd< b,lal lr.;a jdis iy.; ludka;j,
rch wfhdackh fkdlsu fya;=fjka ludka; lafIa;%h tl ;ek m,afjka mj;S'

iu

ldl lafIa;%h k.d isgqf ckiyNd.s;aj ludka; m%;sm;a;shla iy
ludka; .ug f.k hdf m%;sm;a;shla ielfia'

ishu ksIamdok wxYj, M,odhS;djh yd ldhlaIu;djh by< kxjka
foaYSh iy foaYSh wdfhdackho" foaYSh ;dlaIKh yd oekqu ,nd .kskao rdcH yd
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha kj ludka; wdrN lrk w;r oekg mj;sk ludka; l%udkql+,j
iy oHd;aulj ixjOkh lsug mshjr .efka'

l%shdud.

ksIamdok wdlh f.dvke.Sf rdcH wxYh yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh fmd

wdl Wmdhud.hlg yd ie,eiaul wkqj fufyhf'

ksIamdok wdlh f.dv ke.Sf ldhhg iyNd.s jk fm!oa.,sl wxYhg

m<uq jir my ;=< n ksoyila iy wod< fjk;a myiql iy;sl flf'

33

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ldlrKfha m<uq whr f,i foaYSh wjYH;d imqrd,k NdKav iy fiajd

ksIamdokh i|yd ludka; wdrN flf'

ldl ixjOkfha oekg rg ;=< ksmoh yelsj ;sfnk tfy;a wdkhkh

lrk ldl ksIamdok rg ;=<u ksmou wruqKq lr.;a wdkhk wdfoaYk
ludka; wdrN lrk w;r wmkhkh b,lal lr.;a kj ludka;
moaO;shla wdrN flf'

;eka ;ekaj, woHd;aulj ludka;Yd,d msysgqjkjd fjkqjg wuqjH

imhd .ekSu" h;, myiql imhd .ekSu" Y%uh ,nd .ekSf myiqj"
wmjH neyer lsu wdh mok lrf.k iqiq m%foaYj, ldl l,dm"
ldl WoHdk" iq yd uOH mudK ldl ckmo ia:dms; flf'

rg ;=< yd Y%S ,xld uqyq iSudj ;=< we;s iajdNdl im;a ms<sn|j
mQK ilaIKhla is lrk w;r wuqjH wmkhkh fjkqjg ks NdKav
wmkhkhg m%uqL;djh foa'

kj ;dlaIKh" l<ukdlrKh yd m%d.aOkh rf ldlrK jevms<sfj<g

fhdod .ekSu fjkqfjka foaY rdcH wdh;k yd iud. iu. taldnoaO
ug lghq;= flf'

rg ldlrKh i|yd w;HdjYH jk ridhk jH ksIamdokh i|yd

ridhk ludka; we;s flf' ta hgf;a"

foaY ksuh b;slr .ekSug;a /lshd W;amdokhg;a f.d ck;djg

j;auka fmdfydr ,g jvd wvlg wdikak wvq ,g fmdfydr ,nd u;a
wruqKq lr .kska tmamdj, fmdiafma ksh mok lr .kska iqm
fmdiafma ludka;Yd,djla wdrN flf'
Y%S ,xldf fndfyda ludka; i|yd w;HdjYH jk i,amshqla w,h
ksIamdokh lrk ludka; Yd,djla wdrN flf'
wm rg ;=< g fmr mej; oekg wl%Shj we;s lkalika;=f isfuka;s
ludka; Yd,dj;a bf,lafg%dksl ludka;hg w;HdjYHjk fudkihs
ksIamdokh lsu i|yd frej, m%foaYfha meje;s fudkihs ksiaidrK
ludka;Yd,dj;a ,xldf ludka;j,g wjYHjk hlv ksIamdokh lsu
i|yd tf`ruq,a, m%foaYfha meje;s wn,s hlv ^Scrap iron& ludka;Yd,dj
kj mokula u; h<s wdrN flf'
Y%S ,xldf oka;df,amk ksIamdokh i|yd jdIslj le,aish ldnfka
fgdka ,laIhla wdkhkh flf' ta fjkqjg" ta i|yd wjYH le,aish
ldnfka ksIamdokh i|yd fhdod.; yels n,xf.dv m%foaYfha msysgd

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we;s le,aihs ksh Wmfhda.S lr .kska le,aish ldnfka ksIamdok

ludka;Yd,djla ia:dms; flf'
,xldf we;s b;du;a msis ksrka ks Wmfhda.S lrf.k neg
bf,lafg%dav" fudag jdyk iy lDisn,a ^crusible& i|yd wjYHjk ldnka
n%Ia yd mekai,a ksIamdok ludka;Yd,d wdrN lrkq ,ef'

lDIs ludka;h iy jr ludka;h ldlrKh b,lal lr.;a fhojq

wdmkak ksIamdokfhys ,d ludka; moaO;shla ys flf'

m%;spl%SlrKh we;= wmjH l<ukdlrKh fYaI iy w;HjYH lghq;a;la

f,i i,lkq ,nk w;r fhdod .; yels iEu lafIa;%hlu m%;spl%SlrKh
fyda oa;Shsl ksIamdok is lsug ;dlaIKsl l%u fhdod .efka'

foaYSh ldl ksIamdok k.d isgqf wruqKg ndOdld f,i is lrk

ldl NdKav wdkhkh fjkqjg foaYSh ksIamdokhg Wmu wdrlaIKh
ie,fik wdkhk m%;sm;a;s l%shdjg kef.a'

foaYSh ludka;hkag wjdis iy.; f,i oekgu;a tl;djhkag meK

we;s cd;Hka;r fj<| .siq ms<sn|j h<s uIKhg ,la lrk w;r
foaYSh ludka;hkays jOkhg jdisodhl kj .siqj,g t<ug l%shd
lrkq we;'

foaYhkays we;s Y%S ,xld ;dkdm;s ldhd, ;=< wmkhk m%jOk ldhxYhla
msysgqjd foaYSh wmkhk ludka; m%jOk jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lsu

f;dard .;a lafIa;% lSmhla i|yd uyd mudK ludka; werug foaYSh
wdfhdaclhskag fYaI iyk ,nd ug;a tjeks ludka; f,i T!IO" ffjoH
WmlrK" bf,lafg%dksla NdKav" m>kl oDvdx." ke" jdyk tl,ia lsu
yd ksIamdokh" hka;%iQ;% ksIamdokhg m%uqL;dj ,nd foa'

ludka; mj;ajdf.k hdf wjYH;djh jk ,sh" c, myiqlu"

.xj;=frka wdrCIdu" wmc,h msmyj" >k wmjH l<ukdlrKh
wd ish,a, iemfhk fiao jdKscH nexl=" f.= ldhd," fj<| uOHia:dk
mdie,a yd frday,a wd fiajdjkaf.ka hqla; jQo jrdh yd .=jka f;dgqfmd<
yd wfkl=;a m%jdyk myiql imsreKq ludka; k.r ia:dms; flf'

fYaIfhkau mir ys;ld yd laIhf wk;=rla fkdue;s wuqjH

^wmjH" YdLuh jH" ue" .%emhs wd& iy kk;u ;dlaIKh
^mqkckk n,Yla;s" kefkda" wKql" ffcj oHd;aul wd& fhdod .kska
l=vd iy uOH mudK ludka; 1000la uq,a jir my ;=< hqKq lsug;a

35

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iuq;sh

tajdfhys ksIamdok foaYSh iy foaYSh fj<|fmdf<a m%p,s; lsug;a wdOdr

wkqn, ,nd u is flf'

wuqjH ms<sn| ksIamdolhska oekqj;a lsug f;dr;=re yqjudre lsu wruqKq

lr.;a o;a; uOHia:dkhla msysgqf'

cd;sl fukau cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< wjia:d foaYSh ludka;lrejkag ,nd

ug rch uey;af'

l=vd yd uOH mudK ludka;lrejka uqyqK fok m%Odk m%Yakhla jk

ksIamdokhkays .=Kd;aul ugu by< oeu i|yd wjYH kk ;dlaIKsl
yd oHd;aul oekqu ,nd ug l%shd flf'

iq yd uOH mudk ksIamdok ldhhkays ksr;jkakka uQ,H wdh;k iu.

.kqfokq lsf uqyqK fok .eg wju lsu i|yd ludka; wud;HdxYfha
fjku tallhla ia:dms; flf'

03' lDIsludka;h

Wiia ;;ajfha c fkdue;su" c , wlu yd fmdfydr" wdrlaIdld yd
M,odhS lDIs ridhk" WmlrK wd lDIs fhojqj, m%;sfha j,;d iy wl ,o
lDIsludka;fha hqKqjg ndOdjls'

.nvd iy fjk;a miq wiajkq ;dlaIKsl myiqlj, ysh" ;reK m%cdj
lDIsludka;hg fhduq fkdfuka M,odhS Y%uh ys u iy rcfha uey;afuka
hqKq fj<|m<la ksudKh fkdlsuo m%uqL .eg w;r f'

foaY.=Ksl mhdi" mdxY= Ldokh" kdh hE" c, IKh" ksh" .xj;=r iy
lDIs bv fjk;a m%uqL fkdjk wjYH;d i|yd fhdod .ekSu wd iajdNdl iy ksia
l%shdjkaf.ka isjk jHikhka je<elaug u;a l%shdud. fkdue;' jk w,ska"
jrka" W!rkaa" b;a;Ejka" fudkreka jeks i;=kaf.a wdl%uK fya;=fjka f.dka u;a
j.d fukau f.j;= j.djkao w;ayer oeug isj ;sf'

lDIs lafIa;%fha uyd mudK rdcH fyda fm!oa.,sl wdfhdaclhska fkdue;s
u;a ldhlaIu iy ixOdkd;aul jHdma;s fiajdjla fkdue;slu;a lDIs fNda.
Odx.SlrKh fkdlsu;a nrm;< .eg w;r we;' lDIsldl ksIamdokj,g
iy;sl , fkdue;su;a mdfNda.slhd i|yd md,k ,la fkdue;slu;a ksid f.dhd
iy mdfNda.slhd hk fofokdu widOdrKhg ,laj we;' lDIs ksIamdokfha mdil
iy fi!LHhg jk n,mE ksis m uevmeje;aug jevms<sfj<la fkdue;'

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iu

lDIsldl" mY+ im;a iy jr ksIamdokh iy fnod yeu rcfha j.lSula
njg m;alrk w;r foaYSh mfNdackfha iy wmkhkfha jqjukdjka uQ,sl f,i
ie,ls,a,g .kska cd;sl lDIsldl m%;sm;a;shla iy jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lrkq
,ef' rdcH" fm!oa.,sl iy iuqmldr hk wxY lDIs ksIamdokhg iyNd.s lr .kakd
w;r foaYSh wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj iy;sl lsu" hemq ugfuka Tng .sh jHjidhsl
lDIsludka;hla we;s lsu" wdkhkh lrkq ,nk wdydr yd lDIs fhojq jH
kshdukh lr foaYSh lDIs ksIamdokj, b,au yd mdil iqrlaIs;;dj iy;sl lsu"
lDIs ksmehq wmkhkfhka ,nk cd;sl wodhu lSm .=Khlska by< oeu" M,odhS
mfhaIK iy jHdma;s lghq;= u;a lsu iy lDIs ksIamdokh iy fnod ye wdhg
wod, ish udkj im;a hqKq lsu f hgf;a is flf'

l%shdud.

lDIsludka;h wdlfha m%uqL lafIa;%hla f,i i,ld rg ;=< wdydr

iqrlaIs;;dj we;s lsu yd wmkhk fj<|fmd< b,lal lr.;a
ldlrKhla lDIsludka;h ;=< we;s flf'

cj, whs;sh f.d ck;dj i;=jk m c mfhaIK wdh;k yd c

f.dfmd,j,a k.d isgqu iy c ksIamdok f.d ck;d cd,hla f.dv
kefa' kj jeoshqKq l< c m%fNao iy foaYSh fouqyqka m%fNao ^F1&
ksIamdokh lr f.dkag ,ndoSug;a fouqyqka c ^F1& ieliSf ;dlaIKhka
f.dkag ykajd oSug;a mshjr .efka'

lDIs fhojqj, .=Kd;aulNdjh ;yjqre lsu yd , md,kh i|yd rdcH

hdka;%Khla ilia flf'

lDIs ksmehq yd mfNdack m%udKhka" m%jdyk iy fnod yef cd,hka

fukau j.dj, iajNdjhka" ld,.=Ksl iy foaY.=ksl ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|
wLKav wOHhkhka is lrka jhsk mqrd is isk " m<;=re" t<j"
w," f,dl= Ekq wd j.djkays ksr; f.d ck;djg bfha j.d l<
hq;= fNda. j. iy m%udKhka inkaOfhka wjfndaOhla ,nd ug kk
;dlaIKfhka iuka; mfhaIK wxYhla ia:dms; flf' tu.ska f.dkag
isjk mdvq" kdia;sh iy mdfNda.slhska uqyqK fok .eg wju lsug;a
wk;=reodhl f,i lDIs ridhk wdh fhdod .kska wiajekak by< oeug
f.dka .kakd W;aidyh;a wju jkq we;'

37

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mqrkajQ fyda j.djka w;yer oeuQ f.d ms<sn|j oHd;aul mfhaIK

is lr M,odhS fNda. j.d l< yels wdldrhg iy whs;shg n,mEula
fkdjk m ixjOkh lsug rcfha fyda fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wod< ish
wdh;k fufyhjkq we;'

j.djka is lrk l=vd bv l ys f.dkaf.a bv whs;sh ksrjq,aj

mj;ajd .kska j.dj" c, l<uKdlrKh" m,sfndaOkdYkh iy wiajkq
fk<Su wd lDIslufha ish lghq;= by< ;dlaIKfhka iy taldnoaO
iduQysl f.dfmd< mokka is lsug wjYH ixOdk jHqyhka we;s
flf' tu.ska iuia; M,odj by< kxjd .ekSug;a j.d ydks wjulr
wdodh ia:djr lr .ekSug;a yelsjkq we;'

ldnksl fmdfydr iy ksidg ys;lr ffcj ;dlaIKfha fhdod .ekS

m%jOkh flf'

lDIs ksYamdokj, , Wpdjpkh md,kh lsu wruqKq lr.;a cd;sl j.d

ie,eiaula ilia fldg l%shd;aul lrkq ,ef'

, .ekSu i|yd rdcH odhl;ajh by< ouk w;r , ;SrKh lsf

iQ;%hla ykajd foa' jdIslj ia:djr , m%ldY lsu yd , i|yd kS;suh
wdjrKhla ia:dms; flf'

miq wiajkq kdia;sh wju lr .kska wiajkq fk<Su" weiqrelrKh"

m%jdykh iy .nvdlrKh ms<sn| oekg mj;sk ;;ajhka inkaOfhka
cd;sl ugf ilaIKhla islr ta i|yd ;sridr l%ufohka ilia
flf'

idm%odhslj wmkhkh lrkq ,nk fnda.j,g wu;rj fjk;a fnda.

wmkhkh b,lal lr j.d flf' ^f i|yd foaY fj<|fmd<j, ysj
mj;sk je b,aula we;s w;HjYH fnda. m%jOkh flf'&

lDIs lafIa;%hg wod< oHd;aul mfhaIK iy ixjOk lghq;= fukau

kj ;dlaIKh ugf jHdma; lsu inkaOkaOfhka oekg we;s ish
.eg inkaOfhka oe wjOdkh fhduq flf'

lDIs ksIamdok u; l%shd;aul wdydruh fkdjk ksIamdok ^Wod- u,a" T!IO

me,E& wdY%s; ludka; moaO;shla we;s flf'

lDIsldl bv ria:dhS Nd;hg wjYH uQ,sl Wmudk ieliSu islrk

w;r bv whs;sh" w|f.d whs;sh" lDIs bv f.dv lsu iy kj bv
,ndoSu jeks jeo.;a uQ,sl wx. i|yd m%cd iyNd.s;ajh ;yjqre lsu'

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lDIs ;dlaIKh yd hqKq l<ukdlrKh f.d ck;dj fj; f.k hdu

i|yd;a M,odhS;dj je lsu i|yd;a bjy,ajk wdoY f.dfmd,
moaO;shla we;s flf'

ieliSu iy wfkl=;a hka;% iQ;% iq,n lsu i|yd rch ueosy;a fuka
m<d;amd,k wdh;k u.ska f.dkag iyk l=,S mokula u; hkaf;%damlrK
,nd foa'

rgg wjYH hka;% WmlrK rg ;=<u ksIamdokhg wjYH mfhaIK

isflfrk w;r tajd ludka;hla f,i ksmoug wjYH rdcH uey;au
iy;sl flf'

mfhaIK lafIa;%hg wod< h;, myiql oshqKq lsug ^mqyqKq" wruqo,a"

mfhaIkd.dr wdoS& foaYSh wjYH;djhka ykd .kska tajdg m%uqL;djh
ysjk m mfhaIK islsug iy f.d iyNd.s;ajfhka hq;a mfhaIK
l%ufohla ykajd l%shd;aul lsug mshjr .efka'

f.dka ksYa; m%udKhla iu .kqfokq l< yels jk mos lafIa;% ugf

ks,Odka m;a lsu yd f.dka iduQysllrKh flf' ksIamdok tallhka
b,lal lr lDIs jHdma;sldrlhka uska wjika ksIamdokfha m%udKh by<
oeu is flf'

lDIs iuqmldr l%uh ykajd u" lDIs ksIAmdok i;s ykajd foa' f.d
mjq,a 400la fyda ksIamdok .udkhla$ tallhla f,i i,ld kj ;dlaIKhka
wdoYkhla uska f.dka fj; f.k hEf l%shdj,shla we;s flf'

rf lDIsldl ksIAmdokh mok lrf.k lDIsldl mqyqKqj yd lDIs

wOHdmkh fufyhf'

oekg mj;sk b;d ixlSK yd by< fmd,S wkqmd;sl iys; Kh l%u fjkqjg
ir, jQ;a idOdrK jQ;a lDIs jHjidhl;aj Kh fhdackd l%uhla ykajd
l%shd;aul flf'

mj;sk foaY.=Ksl mhdi wdjrKh jk mos rdcH ueosy;au iys;j

f.d iyNd.s;ajfhka f.dkag je m%;s,dN ,ndfok lDIs rlaIK l%uhla
l%shd;aul flf'

f.d ck;djg Wiia ixialD;sl ;hla Wreu lr u iy Y%dl

f.dck ;h iq/lSu rcfha m%uqL;u ldhNdrhla njg m;aflf'

lDIsludka;h u; mokjQ oa;Shsl yd ;D;Shsl ludka; moaO;shla

wdrN flf'

39

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lDIslu" mY= im;a iy jr lafIa;%hkays ksr; mqoa.,hska oekg fmf<k

Kh nka ksoyia lsug rch uey;ajk w;r ludka;h i|yd wjYH
;dlaIKsl iydh iy uqo,a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| wOHdmkhlao we;=<;a
kj iykodhS Kh l%uhla we;s flf'

iy wfkl=;a fnda. i|yd;a O foaY.=Ksl mokkq;a oekg msysgqjd

we;s mfhaIK wdh;k moaO;shg wjYH fN!;sl yd udkj im;a ,nd u
iy wjYH ia:dkj, kj m%foaYSh mfhaIK wdh;k msysgqf'

w wiajkq c ksIamdokh i|yd foaYSh mfhaIKd.dr fhduq lsu yd

foaY c fj<| wldh | oeh yels foaYSh c ksIamdokh hqKq
flf'

cdk uxfld,a,h je<elau iy wm rgg wdfKsl cj, cdk i|yd

fmagka whs;sh Y%S ,ld rch fj; ,nd .ekSug lghq;= flf'

lDIs ridhkj, m%;sh" ksIamdokh" wf,h" m%pdrKh yd fjk;a .eg

ms<sn| j.lshk cd;sl md,kdldhla msysgqf'

hQhd we;= w;HdjYH fmdfydr ksmou i|yd rdcH fmdfydr ksIamdok

iud.ula wdrN flf'

cx.u mdxY= mfhaIKd.dr wdrN lrk w;r tau.ska m%foaYfha mfia

iajNdjhg W; j.djka iy lDIs fhdojqj, m%udKhka ;SrKh flf'

ldnksl yd wldnksl fmdfydr fhu l%udkql+,j lsu yd ldnksl fmdfydr

ksIamdokh ludka;hla f,i m%p,s; lsug ls%hd flf'

miq wiajkq ydksh wju lsrSug wjYH weiqre" m%jdyk udOH" YS;d.dr"
.nvd jeks kk ;dlaIKhka ykajdu;a ta i|yd ck iyNd.s;ajh fhdod
.ekSu;a isflf'

w;HjYH fmdfydr j. ishu f.dkag iykodhS ,lg ,nd foa'

i;=kaf.ka we;sjk ydks wju lsu i|yd oHd;aul mfhaIK is lr Bg

wod, ;dlaIKsl l%ufo f.dka w;r m%p,s; flf'

m%dfoaYSh ugka lDIs wf,ie,a cd,hla rcfha uey;afuka wdrN

flf'

is;=re u,a yd me< fYaIfhka wmkhk fj<|m< b,lal lr .kska je

hqKq lrk w;r u,a yd me< j. wmkhkh b,lal lr.;a rdcH f.dm<
msysgqf'

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lDIs rlaIK l%uhla iy f.d mjq,aj, orejka wOHdmkslj k.d isgqjk

jevms<sfj<la hdj;ald,Sk yd Yla;su;a lrk w;r f.d Y%du jegqma l%uh
f.dkag Wmu jdis ,efnk f,i ilia flf'

fi!LHhg iy ffcj moaO;shg ydksodhl fkdjk iy M,odhS ;dlaIKsl

l%u f.dka w;r m%p,s; lsu rcfha m%uqL j.lSula njg m;af'

lDIs ludka;hg wod< c, l<ukdldrKhg yd c,fha wdrlaIdjg msysgqjd

we;s Odldrfha wdh;k taldnoaO lr f.d ck;djf.a iyfhda.h iys;
kj c, l<ukdlrK l%ufohla we;s flf' jeis c,h .nvd lsu" laIq
yd isre moaO;s jeks kk c, ;dlaIKhka f.dkag ykajd foa'

hqKq ;dlaIKhka fhdod .kakd foaYSh f.dfmd<j, w;aoelS ,nd .ekSu

i|yd f.dka oyi ne.ska jdIslj fhduq flf'

iEu ksjilu th msys bvf m%udKh wkqj by< jkdlka hq;a oej
,ndfok .ia j. isgqug f.dka u;a flf'

by< jkdlulska hq;a wmkhk ;;ajfha lDIs ksIamdok la;l ;dCIKh

Tiafia weiqre fldg ieliSf myiql ielfia'

04' mY= im;a

fYaIfhkau rcfha uey;au wju ;su fya;=fjka mY= im;a lafIa;%fha
mq,a ixjOkhla lrd .uka lsug fkdyels we;' /lshd .egj if wdydr
jqjukdjka imQK lr .ekSfo wmkhk wdodhu jelr .ekSfo fuu lafIa;%h
uyd mudKfhka odhl lr.; yelsj ;snqKo tu b,lal imqrd .ekSug wms wo jk;=re
wiu;a isuq' mfNdackh lrk ls wdY%s; ksIamdokj,ska 65]la wdkhkh lrk w;r
ta i|yd jdIslj re' ,shk 40"000la muK jeh lrhs' mY= im;a lafIa;%h i|yd
uOHu ie,eiaula iy fufyhula fkdue;slka tu lafIa;%h wix; we;s w;r
tu ksidu ho wl u;a wvq ,g wf, lsug isj ;su;a Yd, jYfhka ls"
uia" ;a;r iy tajdhska ilia l< wdydr wmf;a hdu;a m%Odk .eg we;'

;ks ldh iy oa;aj ldhh Wiia ;;ajfha ksIamdok i;=ka fkdue;su
iy tu i;=ka foaYShj ksIamdokh lr .ekSug fkdyels u;a m%Odk .egjls' mY=
md,kh i|yd u;a jHdma;s fiajhla fkdue;su;a m%udKj;a mY= ffjoH fiajdjla
fkdue;su;a ksid hqKq ;dlaIK l%u iy hqKq mY= md,k l%u ms<sn|j f.dka fj;
wOHdmkh yd Wmfoia ,nd f l%uj;a jevms<sfj<lao fkdue;'

41

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;DK N+ j.d lsf iy ixjOkh lsf cd;sl jevms<sfj<la fkdue;s
fuka fmdaIK .=Kfhka by< foaYShj ykajd we;s yels ;DK j. iy Ydl j.
m%fhdackhg fkd.ekSu;a uy lkakfha wl ;DK wiajekakla wmf;a hk w;r h,
lkakfha ;DK yshla mej;Su;a lafIa;%fha mj;sk ;j;a .egjls'

iu

mY= im;a lafIa;%fha ixOdkh" l<ukdlrKh" ksIamdokh" foaYSh , .ekS
iy wf,h" wmkhkh iy w;HjYH wdkhkh" wNsckkh" mfhaIK iy oekqu yd
;dlaIKh f.dka w;r jHdma; lsu hk wxY fufyhu i|yd cd;sl mY= im;a
ixjOk uOHu wldhla msysgqjd cd;sl mY= im;a ixjOk ie,eiaula l%shd;aul
flf'

l%shdud.

mY= im;a ksIamdokhg odhljk ishu mudKfha jHjidhlhskaf.a

ksIamdok msjeh wju jkq msKsi fukau Tjqka .ekau Wfoid ls"
;a;r yd uia ksIamdokfhys O wj yd neKq wNsfhda. b,lal lr.;a
jHdmD;s cd,hla tlS jHjidhlhska Wfoid ie,iq lr l%shd;aul lrug
rcfha wdh;k fufyhf'

ls" ;a;r yd uia ksIamdok fj<|fmd< f,ka jeu m%;sY;hl yslu

ksIamdolhkag ,nd .ekSug yelsjk m fukau ;u ludka; yd ksIamdok
ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;Skago n,mE yels i;aj ksIamdolhka we;=<;a f.dck
wldhla msysgqf'

;DK j.d l< yels iEu N+hlu ta ta foaY.=Ksl yd mdxY= ;;ajhkag

Tfrd;a;= fok iy je wiajkq ,nd fok hqKq ;DK j. yd Ydl j.
j.d lsu iy m%p,s; lsug rch uey;af'

ls .udk 1000 k.d isgqf jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul flfrk w;r fhda."

ia" uqojmq ls we;= fjk;a ls wdY%s; ksIamdok foaYSh iy cd;Hka;r
fj<|fmdf<ys m%p,s; lsug rch uey;af'

ls ksIamdokh f.j;aj jOkh lsf wruqKska uOH mudK jHidhlhka

tu fCIa;%hka ;=< wdfhdackh lsu u;a lsug mshjr .efka'

wfma

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iuq;sh

rgg wjYH ishu kejq ls iy ls wdY%s; ksIamdok uqukskau rg ;=<

ksmoug wjYH ie,eiaula l%shd;aul flf'

05' jr yd c,c ludka;h

jr lafIa;%fha mj;sk m%Odk .egj we;af;ao ta ms<sn| cd;sl ie,eiaula
fkdue;s uh' bkaOk" jr wdmkak" fndagq we;= wfkl=;a ksIamdok fhojq ,
by<hdu ksid ksIamdok , wl we;' kdYld wiajkq fk<Sf l%u Nd;h;a
whsia ksIamdokd.dr iy YS;d.dr m%udKj;a fkdu;a fya;=fjka u;aiH wiajekak Yd,
m%udKhla wmf;a hEu;a fnod yef l%u fofha mj;sk j,;djhkq;a lafIa;%fhys
hqKqjg uy;a fia n,md ;sf'

wNHka;r jr lghq;= i|yd rcfha wvq uey;au;a lrj, iy Wn,lv
we;= u;aiH ksIamdok i|yd ix; jevms<sfj<la fkdue;slu;a .egjla we;'
ish jr ldlhska i|yd mq,a wOHdmksl iy mqyqKq jevms<sfj<la fkdue;slu;a
jrhskag n,mdk ksjdi" fi!LHh" c,h jeks nrm;< .egj,g fuf;la fuf;la
lsis md,lfhla ms<s;=re fiug wiu;a u;a jr ludka;fha m%.;sh wvd, lr
;sf'

iu

wdl jYfhka iuDu;a rgla f.dv ke.Su i|yd cd;sl jr m%;sm;a;shla
hgf;a jr ludka;h mq,a ldlrKhg ,la lrkq we;' foaYSh u;aiH ksIamdok
b,au iemsu;a u;aiH ksIamdok wmkhkh b,lallr .kska jr ludka;h
uqukskau m%;sixOdkh flf'

l%shdud.

jr lafIa;%h inkaO ish msia inkaO lr.;a mq,a idlPdjlska

ish lafIa;% wdjrKh lr.kska cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla udi yhla ;=< ilia
flf'

jr ludka;h i|yd oekg msysgqjd we;s jr jrdhka 19 iy bos jir

fol ;=< w;ska blrk jr jrdh 10la ^l,ueh" .kaor" is,dj;=r"
fmaidf,a" fmare ;=vqj" uq,;s wd& flaka lr.;a u;aiH ksIamdok ieliq
ludka;Yd,d ^Processing factories& msysgq'

43

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iuq;sh

oekg we;s kex.=rfmd<j,a 58g wu;rj kj kex.=rfmd<j,a msysgqjkq

we;s w;r m<uq jir ;=< bka 25la ia:dms; flf' oekg we;s 880la muKjk
f;dgqfmd< m%udKh ixjOkh flf'

oekg ;sfnk h u;aiH wNsckk uOHia:dk m%udKj;a fkdjk fyhska

tajdfha myiql je lsu;a wNHka;r c, j.djg m%udKj;a f,i
wNsckk uOHia:dk we;s lsug;a ,xldjg jvd;a W; kj u;aiHh fYaI
ykajd u;a is flf'

Y%S ,xldjg wh;a uqyq iSudf we;s c,c im;a ms<sn|j u;a
ilaIKhla is flf'

u;aiH iy c,c me,E wdY%s; wdydr ksIamdokh i|yd ludka;Yd,d

wdrN flf'

uqyqfoa isjk iajNdl m;a l,awe;sj oekqj;a lsu i|yd jrdh" kex.=r
f;dgqfmd< yd f;dgqfmd< ugf l%uj;a jevms<sfj<la ilia lsug;a
jr hd;%dj,g hqKq ;dlaIKsl fuj, ,nd ug;a lghq;= flf'

bkahdj we;= foia rgj, jr hd;%d u.ska isjk jr wdl%uKh

imQKfhka je<elaug lghq;= flfrk w;r furg jrhkag wjYH
wdrlaIdj ie,iSug lghq;= flf'

.%dh l=vd je 10"000l u;aiH j.dj jHdma; lr h jr ludka;h

k.disgqug wjYH wfkl=;a ish Wmldrl fiajdjka k.disgqug lghq;=
flf'

jr ck;dj uqyqKmd isk nrm;< .eg jk ksjdi" mdkSh c,h" fi!LH

jeks .eg jydu iu i|yd Bg wod, wxY iu. tlaj lk l%shdud.
.efka'

ish jr jD;a;slhska i|yd rcfha fmd Y%du jegqma jevms<sfj< hgf;a

Y%du jegqma ,nd foa'

uqyqfoa isjk jrfhl=f.a ; ydkshla fjkqfjka remsh,a ,CI 10l

rlaIKdjrKhla mskef'

jr m%cdj iudchSh" ixialD;sl yd wOHdmksl f,i k.d isgqug lk

mshjr .efka'

mdfNda.sl ck;djg iyk ,g ;;ajfhka Wiia u;aiH ksIamdok ,

.ekSu i|yd jr ixia:d wf, ie,a cd,hla rg mqrd jD; lrk w;r
m<uq jir ;=< 100la w;ska wdrN flf'

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iuq;sh

06' je,s ludka;h

f;a" fmd,a iy rn j.djka i|yd rf N+ m%udKfhka ie,lsh hq;= bv
m%udKhla fjkalr ;snqKo tu bv m%udKh iy jeh lrk Y%uh ie,lSf uyck;djg
wjidkfha ,efnk m%;s,dNh b;d wvq ugul mj;S' tu j.djkag hqKq ;dlaIKh
tlajkafka b;d wvqfjka jk w;r Yd, N+ m%udKhla j,a ys we;' fm!oa.,SlrKh
lrk ,o j;= ixjOkh lsu ksis m is fkdjk w;r wvq jegqma iy myiql
fya;=fjka Y%lfhda Yd, jYfhka je,s ludka;fhka bj;a fjka is;s' ksIamdok
Odx.SlrKhg iy wf,hg rcfha uey;au m%udKj;a fkduo ;j;a .egjls'

i

oekg |je we;s ,xldf je,s ludka;h k.disgqu yd klrKh lsu
i|yd kj ;dCIKsl oekqu ,ndfokao ta ms<sn|j jk merKs wdl,am fjkqjg kj
wdl,am we;s lrjkao th foaY fj<|fmd< b,lal lr.;a yd rgg foaY ksuh
,nd.; yels fCIa;%hla f,i ixjOkh lsug lghq;= flf' f i|yd rdcH iy
fm!oa.,sl hk wxY folu Yla;su;a lsug mshjr .efka'

l%shdud.

f;a" rn" fmd,a ksIamdokh yd tajd wdY%s;j ludka; kj ;dlaIKh yd

hqKq l<ukdlrKh fhdod.kska klrKhg yd ldlrKhg ,la
flf'

f;a ksIamdokh" rn yd fmd,a wdY%s; ksIamdok by< .=Kd;aulNdjhlska

hqla;j is flfrk w;r tajd i|yd foaY fj<|fmd< mq,a lr .ekSug
fj<| ;dkdm;s fiajdj Yla;su;a flf'

fm!oa.,SlrKfhka miqj ;jrg;a M,odhS;djh yd ksIamdokh jOkh

fkdue;s uyd mudKfha f;a" rn" fmd,a" j;= ms<sn| uYkhla isfldg
Y%lhskao we;=<;a kj l<ukdlrKhla hg;g m;a flf'

j;= lafIa;%fha /lshdj, kshq;= ck;djf.a /lshd iqrlaIs; lsu" tu

ck;djg Wiia jk ;;ajhla yd by< ixialD;sl ;hla Wreulr u
iy Y%dl Y%lhska iq/lSu rcfha m%uqL;u ldhhla njg m;a flf'

ffoksl jegqm re' 1000 olajd je l< yels wdldrhg rcfha iy fm!oa.,sl
j;=j, uQ,H l<ukdlrKh lkka u;a flf'

45

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iuq;sh

j;=lrfha j;ajk ck;djf.a bv m%Yakhg iula f,i Tjqka fiajd

lrk m%foaY wdY%s;j mxhg iqiq N+ f;dardf.k Tjqkg ksjila b lsu
i|yd bv fldgila ne.ska ,nd ug lghq;= flf'

l=vd f;a j;= yshka we;= iq mudK iy uOH mudK ksIamdolhka

i|yd wjYH uQ,H iy l<ukdlrK iydhka ,nd foa'

rn iy wuq f;a o i|yd mj;sk ksIamdok ;;ajhg .e,fmk iy;sl

,la kshulr th kS;s.; flf'

li< f;a cdjdru uqukska keje;aug mshjr .kq ,nk w;r je

wdodhula we;s f;a ksIamdokh i|yd j;= yshka iy ludka;lrejka
.ekaf'

iajNdl rn wdY%s; ks ksIamdokh i|yd mj;sk ludka;Yd,d mq,a

lsug;a kj ludka;Yd,d ys lsug;a mshjr .efka'

l=re j.dj kj mokula u; jOkh lsu;a" l=re j.djg inkaO

ish fokd uqyqK fok .eg i|yd lk i ,nd ug;a wjYH
mshjr .efka'

.ia" lrdnqke" idlald wd iq wmkhk fnda. f,i i,lk fnda.

j.djka foaYSh fj<|fmd< b,lalr lrf.k hqKq lsu yd mq,a lsu
i|yd wjYH mshjr .efka'

j;= j.djka wdY%s;j wu;r wdl jkdlula we;s u,a" m<;=re" oejuh
YdL jeug;a ixpdrl ludka;h hqKq lsug;a mshjr .efka'

llrfha kej; j.d lrk bv inkaOfhka oHd;aul Yaf,aIKhla

is lr mir ydks wju jkfia jk" oej" ;DK iy wdl je,s j.djka
u;a flf' mdxY= ixrlaIKhg m%uqL;djla u i|yd kS;s ilia lr
wdod< ;dlaIKhka u;a flf'

iq wmkhk fNda. iy l= nvq i|yd jQ j.djka i|yd yels Wmu rdcH

uey;a is lr foaYSh jYfhka iajxfmdaIs; ug;a by<u foaY ksuh
Wmhd .ekSug;a lghq;= flf'

oej wjYH;dj b oYl lSmfha furg ;=<skau imhd .; yelsjk m

uqvq wdY%s;j foaYSh YdL j.d jHdmD;s l%shd;aul flf'

foia fj<|fmdf<a by< b,aula we;s YdL iy T!IO j.djka jHdma; lr

foaYSh wjYH;dj imQK lsug;a /lshd iy cd;sl wdodhu ;r lsug;a
mshjr .efka'

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07' ixpdrl ludka;h

j;auka ixpdrl ludka;h l%uj;a iy uOH.; fufyhulska f;drj
l%shd;aul f' ixpdrl wud;HdxYhla mej;sho tu.ska ixpdrl jHdmdrh my< isg
by< olajd ie,iq lr klrKh lr wm rgg ys;lr m f.dvke.Sug wjYH u`.
fmkaula is fkdf'

ixpdrl fydag,a" ksjdvq ksfla;k blsf ixpdrl jHdmdrh ms<sn|
ukd wjfndaOhla iys; msia fj; tu wjirh ,nd fok l%uhla fkdlsu;a
m%dfhda.slj tajdfha m%;shla fkdue;su;a ksid ixpdrl fydag,a" ksjdvq ksfla;k
.=Kd;aul jYfhka wvq ;;a;ajfha mj;S' ;jo ixpdrlhska uqyqK fok Odldrfha
ysxidjka" wk;=re iy fjk;a n,mE ;=rka lsu i|yd m%udKj;a jevms<sfj<la
fkdue;su;a ixpdrlhskag u`.fmkajkakka u;a wdh;khla u.ska ksh; wOHdmkh
iy iodpdrd;aul f.dvke.Sula hgf;a ys fkdu;a ksid Y%S ,xldf f.!rjhg ydks
jk w;r ixpdrlhskaf.a wdlIKh wvq ug fjd fya;= we;'

ukd f,i f.dvk.k ,o l%uj;a yd ukd wdlIKhlska hq;=j mj;ajd f.k hkq
,nk ixpdrl l,dmhka fkdue;' l,d" ixialD;sl" l%Svd wd l%shdldrl ixpdrlhka
b,lal lr .kska is fkdflfrk w;r ixpdrlhska b,lal lr .;a;djQ kk l,d
ixialD;sl ry,a iy m%oYkd.dr fkdue;su;a ixpdrl lafIa;%fha wdlIKh
wvqug fya;= we;'

iu
fuu
ludka;h
ms<sn|j
Ih
oekqu
we;s
nqoau;=kaf.kao
mqrdoHd{hskaf.kao mirfkaf.kao w;aoelS we;s jD;a;Shfkaf.kao l,d
ixialD;sl lafIa;%hka ksfhdackh lrkakkaf.kao fmd uyck;djf.kao woyia iy
fhdackd ,nd .kska uOH.; cd;sl m%;sm;a;shlg wkql+,j ixpdrl ludka;h
ixjOkh flf'

l%shdud.

ixpdrl jHdmdrh hqKq lsu msKsi my; i|yka ldKav hgf;a jk

ixpdrl ludka;hkag Wmu wjOdkhla fhduq flf' tjdk"

1' mir ys;ld ixpdrl ludka;h

2' lDIs ludka;h neKq ixpdrl ludka;h

3' fkdaoh iy flh iu. neKq ixpdrl ludka;h

47

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iuq;sh

4' wOHdmkh mok lr.;a ixpdrl ludka;h

5' mjq,a tall mok lr.;a ixpdrl ludka;h

6' Ydl iqj;djh" iamd iy wdhqfo m%;sldr mok lr.;a ixpdrl

ludka;h

rf ixialD;sl jkdl" wdpdrOu yd iajNdl odhdohka wdrlaIdjk

m yd foaYSh foaYSh ixpdrl m%cdj wdlIKh lrk m fjr< wdY%s;j"
llrfha jfkdaoHdk wd jYfhka jk mdil l,dm iy mqrdoHd;aul
ixpdrl l,dm fjkaflf'

f;dard.;a fYaI ixpdrl l,dm wdY%s;j m%dfoaYSh ludka; yd yia;

ludka; jehqKq lsug;a fj<|fmd<j,a we;s lsug;a mshjr .efka' ta
hgf;a wdrNhla f,i Wiia ;;ajfhka hq;a Y%S ,xldjg wdfKsl NdKav
ksIamdokh lrk .udk 30la ys flf'

Y%S ,xldf wdfKsl l,djka mok lr.;a ixpdrl jHdmdrhla jOkh

lsu msKsi fhdjqka l,dlrejkaf.a je odhl;ajhla ,efnk m Tjqka
Wkkalr Tjqkaf.a ksudK Wiia ugf l,d.dr yryd foaYSh fukau
foaYSh ixpdrlhska fj; wf, lsf jevms<sfj<la ilia flf'

ixpdrlhskag idmamq ijdhl w;aoelSu jvd;a mq,a f,i | .ekSug

wjia:dj i,id foka rg mqrd ixpdrlhska b,lal lr.;a idmamq ixlSK
iy m%oYk Yd,d f.dv kef.a'

ixpdrl ludka;hg wod< /lshd Wiia jD;a;Sh ksmqK;ajhla iys; tajd

njg by< oeu i|yd mdGud,djka iys; uOHia:dkhla m<uq jir ;=<
wdrN flf'

.=jkaf;dgqm<j,a ixjOkh lsug;a oekg ,xldjg ffokslj mefKk

70la muKjk .=jka .uka ixLHdj 150 olajd jelr jirlg mefKk
ixpdrlhska ixLHdj ,shk 03 olajd je lsug Wmu W;aidy oef'

ixpdrlhska uqyqK fok fm!oa.,sl .egj, meh 24 mqrd k 365u

laIKslj uey;ajk ixpdrl fmd,Sisho we;=<;a wdh;k jHqyhla ia:dms;
lrk w;r rgg we;=,a jk ish ixpdrlhskag .=jkahdkfha fyda kefu
Bg inkaOh yels rl:k iy Bf,a f;dr;=re iemfha'

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iuq;sh

ixpdrlhskaf.a iq meKs,s fjkqfjka ixpdrlhka i|yd jQ Widhla

we;s lsu yd tu.ska fmd,Sish iy wfkl=;a kS;s lghq;= l%shd;aul lsf
jehjk ld,h wju lsug mshjr .efka'

O mqoa.,hskaf.ka ixpdrlhskag ug isjk ysyerj,g tfrysj

blauka iy oe mshjr .ekSu u.ska rf m%;srEmh iy ixpdrlhskaf.a
YajdikSh;ajh wdrlaId flf'

Y%S ,xldf ixpdrl jHdmdrh inkaOfhka Tjqkaf.a woyia" fhdackd

iy fpk rch fj; ,nd .ekSf wruqKska fYaI tallhla msysgqjk
w;r f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd rl;k" Bf,a wdhg wu;rj lafIa;%
ilaIK is flf'

ixpdrl jHdmdrh m%p,s; lsu i|yd mqrdoH;aul jkdlka hq;a ia:dk

yd wd.l isoaOia:dko we;= ish f;dr;=re we;=<;a wdlIKSh fj
wvhla iy cx.u rl:k jevigykla ^Mobile app& f,dj mqrd l%shd;aul
lrk w;r ta i|yd rcfha foaY fiajdj iy foaY .; ,dxlslhskaf.a
iydho Wmufhka ,nd .efka'

ixpdrl jHdmdrh m%jOkh lsf wruqKka Beutiful SL kka cx.u

rl:k jevigykla ^Mobile app& ilid ixpdrlhskag Y%S ,xldj ;=<
,nd.;a PdhdrEm fuu jevigykg hdj;ald,Sk lsug wjia:dj i,id
iEu i;shlgu jrla bka fyd|u PdhdrEmh f;dard ;Hd. mskef
jevigykla wdrN flf'

ixpdrl l,dmhkays im%odhsl ffjoH l%u" foaYSh l,d ksudK yd foaYSh

wdydr ixpdrlhska w;r ckm%sh lrug lghq;= flf'

k" cuka" bkahdkq NdId we;= foaY NdIdjka b.ekau i|yd wOHdmk
wdh;k rcfhka wdrN flf'

mdil ixpdrh je hqKq lsu msKsi jk WoHdk iy WoaNso WoHdk

tajdfha iqrlaIs; nj /flk m wdlIKSh lsug mshjr .kq ,nk w;r
jk.; ixpdrl l|jqre ys lsu i|ydo ie,iq ilia flf'

fydag,a we;= kjd;eka ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla iy m%;Ska ykajd

foa' tys <ud mrmqf wdrlaIdj we;= iudchSh" mdil iy ixialD;sl
;;ajhka ms<sn|j oe ie,ls,a,la fhduq flf'

ixpdrl fydag,a yshka uqyqK fok .eg fidhd n,d Bg i ,nd ug

wjYH mshjr .efka'

49

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iuq;sh

fm!oa.,sl ixpdrl u.fmkajkka yg Y%du jegqma l%uhla ykajd foa'

ixpdrl ludka;hg inkaO fydag,a yshka" l<ukdlrejka" iQmfka

iy wfkl=;a fiajd imhkakka i|yd f,dalfha hqKq ixpdrl l,dmj,
w;aoelS yd oekqu ,nd .ekSu i|yd rch u.ska YsIH;aj l%uhla yd oekqu
yqjudrelr .ekSf jevigykla we;s flf'

fld<U k.rh ol=Kq wdishdf iuka;%K yd m%oYk flakah f,i hqKq

lsu wruqKq lr.kska foaYSh yd foaYSh m%Odk fmf<a iud.j,g tu
h;, myiql blsug wjYH .eka ,ndfoa'

08' bv

wo isk ,shk 20'5 la jQ ,dxflah ck.ykhg jdIslj 220"000 ne.ska
tl;=ug ksh; jqjo wmg we;s bv im; w;sYhska iSudiys;h' 2035 jkg
,shk 25l ksia m%cdjlg wjYH uQ,sl myiql imhd .ekSf wNsfhda.h ch.ekSu
i|yd lsis cd;sl ie,eiaula fkdue;s w;r ys;=uf;a bv myrKh lsu fya;=fjka
,xldf bv ms<sn| .egj fkka k W.% fjka ;sf' uqyq Ldokh iy kdh hE
we;= iajNdl fya;+ka u; oekg ;sfnk bv m%udKh wys u;a bv Nd;d l<
fkdyels m wl%uj;a blso l=Kq iy fjk;a wmjH tlajkakg bvyer Is;
;;ajhg m;a lsuo ;;ajh ;j;a nrm;< lr we;'

Bg wu;rj bv whs;sh ksrjq,a fkdlsu;a bv wys Yd, msila isu;a
iska ,xldf bv .egj W.% iudc wnqohkao ksudKh lr ;sf'

iu

bv yd bv myrKh ms<sn| cd;sl bv m%;sm;a;shla ilia lsu iy kS;s.;
flf' ta hgf;a mdil ixrlaIKh" ckdjdi" ludka;" lDIsldl" jdud.
iy fjk;a bls wd ish fN!;sl ixjOk lghq;=j,;a mmd,k lghq;=j,;a
Nd;d l< hq;= wdldrh cd;sl m%;sm;a;shg we;=<;a flf'

l%shdud.
bv mfNdackh" ffk;sl yd mmd,k ;;ajhka ms<sn| lk oHd;aul
.fIKhla is flf'

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

ckdjdi" lDIsldl fmd bls" ludka;" mdil moaO;s" fjk;a

fmd mdil jqjukdjka jdud. yd c,dY hkdh ms<sn|j .=ld,Sk
ie,eiaula iys; mq,a bv m%;sixialrK jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul flf'

bv lsKSf wixOdkd;aul iy jxpksl iajrEmh fjkia lr bv

meju iy lsKSu jvd;a YajikSh ;;ajhg m;aflf'

bv whs;sh ksrjq,alr ishu bv ms<sn| ksrka;rj hdj;ald,SkjQ

f;dr;=re we;=<;a f;dr;=re uOHia:dkhla msysgqf'

oekg bv fkdue;s ishu fokdg wjYH;djh u; bv ,ndug mshjr

.kakd w;r ;djld,sl bv n,m;% ys wh i|yd iar Tmamq ,ndug
mshjr .efka'

mdxY= Ldokh" mig I ridhk yd wys;lr lsrK jH tlau" kdh hE"

leKS lghq;= wdh ksid isjk ydks yels Wmufhka wju lsug mdxY=
iy bv ixrlaIK jevms<sfj<la l%shd;aul flf'

lfvd,dk Ydl m%cdj we;= fjk;a fYaI mdil moaO;so ish f;;a
o ixrlaIKhg jyd mshjr .efka'

c,dOdr m%foaYj, we;s " m%md;dldr nEjq iy Wia l uqka jeks N+

m%foaYj, lkka kej; jkdka;r j.d flf'

oHd;aul k.r ie,iqlrKh u.ska kd.l m%foaYj, bv myrKh

M,odhS flf'

kdh hE iy .s,d neiSf ;ckhg uqyqK md we;s ish N+ m%foaYhka

wdrlaId lsu;aa foafmd< iy ; ms<sn| wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsug;a
m%uqL;dj ,nd foa'

bv im; foia iud.j,g yd foaYslhkag lskSu k;r flf'

09' c, l<uKdlrKh iy jdud.

rg uOHfha iody; jkdka;rj,ska hq;a jdIsl jIdm;kh ,s g 3000
blaujk uOHu llrhla iy rf uq N+ m%udKfhka 90] muK wdjrKh lrk
uOHfha isg whj .,d nisk m%Odk .x.d fdaKs 103la muK ;sfnkakdjQo rf N+
m%udKfhka 80] lg jvd je ;eks;,d ula iys;jQo iqkaor rgla jk Y%S ,xldj f
jk g c,h inkaOfhka wnqohlg ,la lr we;' .my r;=miaj," W;=reueo
fukau W;=f pqkakdl m%foaYfha mj;sk c, .eg fuu wnqoh u;=msgg meKs

51

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iuq;sh

wjia:djka f' iajdNdl odhdohla jQ c,hg fkka k by< hk ,la kshu lr

;j;a fj<| NdKavhla njg m;alr ;sf' >k wmjH" ridhksl jH iy lsrK
ldrl tlau fkka k by< hka ;sfnk w;r c, im;a idOdrK iy M,odhS f,i
fnod yeuo wnqohg ,laj we;'

iuia; f,dalhgu wdoYhla jQ wmf.a jdud. moaO;sh wdrlaId lsu;a je
hqKq lsu;a ksis m is fkdfuka f.d ck;dj iudc-wdl jYfhka wia:djr
;;ajhg weooud we;'

iu

ck.ykfha uQ,sl jqjukdjka imqrd .ekSu;a .= l,Skj ksidf.a iy mirfha
iy meje;au /l .ekSu;a wruqKq lr .kska oHd;aul c, l<ukdlrKhlg
wjYH cd;sl c, iy jd ludka; cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla iy jevms<sfj<la rgg ykajd
foa' ta hgf;a mdkSh" ludka;" lDIs" c, ,s" m%jdyk" ixialD;sl iy mdil
jqjukdjka uQ,sl jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kska u;=msg iy N+.; c,h oHd;aul f,i
l<ukdlrKh flfrk w;r c,h fmd im;la f,i ie,lSug lghq;= flf'

l%shdud.

c, fmdaIl m%foaY ixrlaIKh lsu;a kdY fldg we;s c, fmdaIl m%foaY

h:dj;a lsu;a is flf'

uyd mudK kj jdud. jHdmD;s 10la wrN flf'

uyd jd ud. jHdmdr" iq yd uOH mudK je moaO;s m%;sixialrKh

i|yd lk l%shdud. .efka'

W;=re" kef.kysr fukau W;=re ueo l,dmfha iy ynkaf;dg m%foaYfha

mj;sk mdkSh c, .egj imQKfhka i|Sug lghq;= flf'

c, im; fm!oa.,SlrKh lsu k;r lrk w;r ta wruqKska rg ;=<

l%shd;aul rdcH iy rdcH fkdjk wdh;k iqrejd yeug mshjr .efka'

lDIs wdlhg yd mirfha meje;aug iDcq f,i n,mdk je iy c,dY

ixpdrl jHdmdr fjkqfjka n u kj;d oef'

,xldf N+.; c, uQ,dY% m%Yia: f,i Nd;d lsu i|yd oHd;aul

wOHhkhla lr N+.; c,h Nd;d lsug u;a hdka;%Khla ielfia'

wfma

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

c, ixrlaIKh iy c, mfNdackh ms<sn|j rf ck;dj oekqj;a lsu iy

oejeka; wdl,amuh mj;khla lsu i|yd wOHdmkh ,nd ug mshjr
.kakd w;r tu.ska c,h jkd im;la f,i wrmsueiafuka mfNdackh
lsug;a c, uQ,dY% iy c, fmdaIl m%foaY /l .ekSug m%cdjf.a iydh
,nd .ekSug;a lghq;= flf'

,xldf mej;s wdKavq iska foaYmd,k jdis ;ld lsis N+ oHd;aul iy

mdil YlH;d wOHkhka fkdue;sj ksudKh l< wid:l ish nyq
ldh fhdackd l%u ^Wod- Wud Th& kj;d oeu fyda wOHhkhka lr rgg
hym;ajk wdldrhg ilia flf'

10' foaYSh iy foaYSh fj<\u

cd;sl wdlh Yla;su;a lsf iy f.dvke.Sf l%shdj,sfha fj<|fmd<
l%shdld;ajh w;sYhska jeo.;a f' j;udkfha uQ,sl wnqoh jkafka ksIamdokh"
wdkhkh" wmkhkh" fnodyeu rf;a ck;djf.a fmd wjYH;djhka ;Dma;
lrkjd fjkqjg foia-foia w;f<diailf.a wjYH;d" ,dN wruqKq ;Dma;su;a jk
wdldrhg l%shd;aul uh' tksidu wdkhk iy wmkhk rgg Yd, wjdisodhl
whqka isu fya;=fjka foaYSh yd foaYSh fj<|du oe wnqohlg m;aj we;' o ekg
,xldf wmkhk wdodhu fuka fo.=Khla wdkhkh hou f,i oeug is we;'
1978 jk g f,dal fj<|fmdf<a Y%S ,xldf wmkhk mx.=j 1$200 la jQ w;r th
2014jk g 1$2000 la olajd oreKq f,i my; je ;sf'

mdfNda.sl wdrlaIl mk; iy wldh" idOdrK fj<| fldIka iNd mk;
iy fldiu" mdfNda.sl wdrlaIl wruqo, jeks kS;suh iy jHjia:duh Odk
yq mk;a iy wdh;k njg m;aj wl%Shj ;sf' fmd ck;dj fj<|fmd< ;=< w;rux
h widOdrKhla isjQ g ;ukag NdKav fyda fiajd imhk mqoa.,hdg muKla fpdaokd
lsu yer fjk;a idOkSh mshjrla .ekSug wmyiq ;;a;ajhg m;aj we;'

iu

f i|yd foaYSh iy foaYSh fj<|df fm!oa.,sl wxYfha mq,a odhl;ajho
ie,ls,a,g f.k rcfha mQK wlaIKh iy w;HjYH uey;a isjk m cd;sl
wdlh k.d isgqug wod< foaYSh yd foaYSh fj<| m%;sm;a;shla ielfia'

53

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iuq;sh

l%shdud.

cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd ie,iq iNdj hgf;a cd;sl jdKsc fufyhq uKav,hla

m;a fl'

lk wdl ixjOkfha b,lal imqrd .ekSu wruqKq lr.;a wmkhk

n m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul flf'

foaY fj<|fmdf<ka ksIamdok wdkhkh lsf iudka;r foaYSh ksIamdok

i|yd jQ fj<|fmd< wdrlaId flf'

T!IO" w;HjYH wdydr wdh yshlska f;drjo .=Kd;aulNdjh /flk

m fnod yeugo" idOdrK f,i fj<|dugo rch uey;af'

w;HjYH Ndkav i|yd cd;sl , m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul flf'

NdKav yd fiajd ms<sn| f;dr;=re" <" .=Kd;aulNdjh iy mdfNda.sl

whs;Ska hkd lreKq ms<sn| mqK oekqula iy wjfndaOhla ,nd fok
jevms,sfj,la rcfha uey;afuka l%shd;aul flf'

.%dh ugf ksIamdok m jHdma;j fnodyeu i|yd l%uj;a fj<|fmd<

hdka;%Khla f.dvke.Su" ta i|yd .nvd" fnod yef uOHia:dk .%dh
ugka msysgqf'

iajhx /lshd f,i is,a,r fj<|i,a mj;ajdf.k hkakkaf.a .eg

inkaOfhka uey;au" ;dlaIKsl u`.fmkau iy uQ,H Wmfoia i|yd
rdcH wdh;k cd,hla m%dfoaYSh ugka msysgqf'

Odldrfha NdKav iy fiajd inkaOfhka m%;s kSKhg iy wlaIKhg

wod< wdh;k ish,a, wjYH m mq,a flfrk w;r oekg we;s wdh;kj,
Ih m:hg yiq fkdjk NdKav iy fiajd inkaOfhka wdh;k iy
ffk;sl ;;ajhka we;s flf'

fj<|dug inkaO ishu rdcH" iuQmldr iy fm!oa.,sl wxYj, ; yd

foafmd< i|yd rlaIK l%u we;= wdrlaIK l%shdud. .efka'

fuf;la ish rchka fj<|dug wod,j t< we;s ishu cd;Hka;r

iy l,dmSh ugf oamdYh iy nyq mdYj fj<| .siq h<s
iudf,dapkh ,la flf'

wka;cd,h we;= kk m%pdrK l%u Nd;d lrka foaYSh ksIamdok

wkkH;djka cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<g ykajd u;a cd;Hka;r fj<|
m%oYk i|yd ,dxflah fj<| m%cdj rcfha wkq.%yfhka inkaO flf'

wfma

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

foaY fj<|dfuka Wmhk ksuh fl ld,hla ;=< ,xldjg /f.k tk

jHdmdlhskag" ludka;lrejkag n iyk ,nd foa'

kj ir, wdkhk iy wmkhk n l%uhla ykajd foa'

NdKav wdkhkfha iy wmkhkfha wdkhk wmkhklrejka uqyqK fok

Odldrfha .eg ^w,a,ia ug isu" m%udo wd& wju lsu i|yd
lk uey;a is flf'

oekg f,dalfha;a wm rg ;=<;a jHdma; fjka mj;sk ^Online trading&

wka;cd,h u.ska NdKav , .ekSf m%jK;djh mq,a jYfhka jHdma;
flf' oekg wka;cd,h ud.fhka NdKav , .kakd mdfNda.slhka
uqyqK fok .eg jkafka tla tla NdKavh f,i ke.; lsug isjk ksid
Yd, m%jdyk msjehla NdKavhg tlau;a ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla .;u yd
NdKavhla , .;a miq th m%;sfCIam lsug fkdyels uh'

fuhg i f,i online trading i|yd mdfNda.sl wdrCIl fr.=,dis

ilia flf'
;ks ;ks NdKav ke.; lsu yd ld,h .;u wju lsug online
trading i|yd muKla fhdod.kakd .nvd ixlSK ^online trading ware
houses& blrk mqoa.,sl jHidhlhska i|yd m<uq jir fol ish n
ksoyia jrm%idohla ,ndfoa'

11' uQ,H lafIa;%h

rf uQ,H moku ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha yelshdj u.ska fmkakq lrk w;r uQ,H
mokf we;s Yla;su;aNdjh u; wdl Yla;su;aNdjho ;SrKh f' j;udkfha
,xldj ;=< wLKavj isjk , by< hdu" Kh u; r|d mej;Sf .= ld,Sk jer
Wmdh ud.sl uQ,H m%;sm;a;Ska wkq.ukh lsu" foaY fj<|du wjdis iy.; ;;ajfha
mej;Su" fkdlvjd .ska .gu mj;sk rdcH whjeh ysh iy ksIamdok wdlhla
fkdue;su ;=< Y%S ,xldj oe uQ,H wnqohlg uqyqK foka is' fYaIfhkau fuf;la
l,a mj;ajd f.k hkq ,enQ jD; wdl m%;sm;a;sj,g wkql+,j uQ,H m%;sm;a;s
yeisru fya;=fjka fuu uQ,H wnqo mek ke.S we;'

ksishdldrfhka rdcH wxYh cd;sl wdlhg uey;a fkdu;a ie,eiaulska
f;drj is jk foaY wdfhdackh;a tu.ska isjk ksuh wia:djr;ajh;a remshf,a
w.h .ska .gu wjm%udKh u;a uQ,H lafIa;%fha lvd jeug fya;= we;' jxpd"

55

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iuq;sh

IK" kdia;sh" foaYmd,k uey;au iy wldhlaIu l<ukdlrKh fya;=fjka Yd,

mdvq ,nk rdcH wdh;k moaO;shla mj;ajdf.k hdu;a rfgys uQ,H ;;ajh msySug
n,md we;'

rdcH whjeh ilia lsf rdcH wdodhu imQKfhkau n u; hemSu;a
wldhlaIu n m%;sm;a;s;a fya;=fjka ck;djg Yd, n nrla oeug isu;a
whjeh ysh mshjd .ekSug wkq.ukh lrk j, uQ,H m%;sm;a;s;a uQ,H lafIa;%fha
msySug fya;= we;'

uQ,H wdh;k inkaOfhka ksjer uQ,H m%;sm;a;s wkq.ukh fkdlsu iy
mj;sk uQ,H kS;s;s yd wKmk;a kQ;k;ajhg .e,fmk wdldrhg hdj;ald,Sk fkdlsu
fya;=fjkq;a uQ,H lafIa;%h wnqo .Kkdjlg uqyqK foka is'

j;udk Y%S ,xld wdlh ;=< l%shd;auljkafka foaYSh ksIamdok fyda cd;sl
wdlh ms<sn|j jk lsis wdrlaIKhlska fyda j.lSulska f;drj uqukskau fm!oa.,sl
m%d.aOk jqjukdjka iy IKh fmroe lr.;a foaY wdfhdack l%shdj,shls' fuh
foaY taldld n,j;=kaf.a iy f,dal nexl=j iy cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, we;=
wrdcHjdkaf.a Wmfoia yd ksfhda. u; l%shd;aul fjka mj;S'

iu

.= ld,Sk iy fl ld,Sk ixjOk b,lalhka imqrd .; yels wdldrhg
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lrkq ,ef' ta hgf;a rdcH wdodhu" rdcH hou
iy wdfhdackh ldhlaIuj iy M,odhS wdldrhg yeisrug;a tys m%;s,dN iuia;
ck;djg fn hk wdldrhg;a uQ,H m%;sm;a;s ms<sfh< flfrk w;r wldhlaIu;dj"
jxpdj" IKh" wh:d myrKh" kdia;sh msgqoelSu rcfha wkq,x>kSh j.lSula njg
m;a flf'

rdcH uQ,H l<ukdlrKfha cd;Hka;r wdlhkays yeisu;a kQ;k uQ,H
fj<|fmd<j,ays l%shdld;ajh;a rgg jdis iy.;jk wdldrhg yiqrejd .ekSug
lghq;= flf'

uyd mudK ksIamdok iy jHdmD;Ska fjkqfjka foaY wdfhdackh ,nd .ekSu
ms<sn|j i,ld nef,a'

l%shdud.

wfma

ksuh md,k lghq;=" fldgia fj<|fmd< yd rcfha m%Odk uQ,H l%shdj,s

rf wdl iqrlaIs;;djh yd uQ,H ia:djrNdjh wdrlaIdjk m kshdukh
lsug wjYH ffk;sl yd mmd,k mshjr .efka'

yDoidlaIsh

56

yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

rdcH nexl= we;= uyck Wmfhda.s;d wdh;k fm!oa.,SlrKhg ,la

fkdflf' Yd, rdcH yslula we;sjk m Yd, nexl= moaO;shla
ksudKh flf'

ir, yd idOdrK kj n l%uhla l%shd;aul flf' f.= n u;a lsu

iy by< kexu i|yd ialEka myiql we;= kk ;dlaIKsl l%u ykajd
ug;a ish wdldrfha jxpd IK uqukska k;r lsug;a lghq;= flf'

Y%S ,xldf wdl ie,iqj, ienE wjYH;d wkqj muKla Kh ,nd

.ekSug lghq;= flf' oekg ,ndf.k we;s oejeka; Kh lmdye iy
fjk;a iyk ,nd .ekSu i|yd idlPd wdrN flf'

uyd mudK rdcH fj<| jHjidhka jk ,sh" jrdh" LKsc f;,a" c,

imdok" fg,sfld" .=jka jeks wdh;khkays mj;sk jxpd" IK iy
wldhlaIu;d imQKfhka kj;d tajd Wmu wdodh iy ,dN ,nk
;;ajhg ldhlaIuj fufyhf'

rdcH uQ,H fr.=,dis ^Financial Regulations& iy rdcH mmd,k fr.=,dis

^(Administrative Regulations& j;udk ;;ajhg .e,fmk m hdj;ald,Sk
flf'

rcfha m%imdok l%shdj,sh ^ia:djr j;al w;am;a lr .ekSu& u;a lrk

w;r ta hgf;a fgkav l%shdj,sh ksoNdjhlska hqla;j rdcH hdka;%Khla
hgf;a l%shd;aul flf'

oekg l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk ;r.ld , .Kka le|ulska f;drj

rch u.ska fgkav m%odkh lsf l%uh ^Unsolicited tenders& wfydaislr
;r.ld , .Kka le|f ^Competitive bidding& moku u; fgkav
ksl=;a lsu is flf'

rdcH .Kk l%shdj,sh jvd;a Yla;su;a lrkq ,nk w;r th uqukskau

iajdk md,sfka;=jg j.lshk wdh;khla f,i mj;ajd f.k hk w;r
O lafIa;% ksfhdackh lrka fYaI{ oekqu we;s jD;a;slhska thg
n|jd .ekSu;a .Kk wdh;kj,g wjYH im;a iy wdrlaIdj rch iska
iy;sl flf'

rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s iy fr.=,dis ms<sn|j ishu wdh;kj, fiajlhkq;a

uyck;dj;a oekqj;a lsf jevigyka l%shd;aul flf'

ksIamdokh iy kk ;dlaIKh mok lr.;a foaY wdfhdack u;a

lsu i|yd ;Sre n" n" nexl= myiql" wd.uk .uk myiql we;=
iykhka ms<sn|j i,ld nef,a'

57

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iuq;sh

12' n,Yla;sh

,xldf n,Yla;s lafIa;%fha mj;sk m%Odk .eg jkafka fnod yef iy
mfNdackfha isjk wl kdia;shhs' fYaIfhka ,s n,d.dr wjYH m%;Skag wkqj
f.dvk.d fkdue;s u;a l<ukdlrK n,;d ksid;a tajd wfmalaIs; b,lal iemsug
wiu;a we;' f;,a msrjqy,a" ,sh fnod yeu wd n,Yla;s lafIa;%hka .Kkdjla
fm!oa.,SlrKh lr ;su;a l,am n,Yla;s m%Njhka ms<sn|j mfhaIK i|yd
m%udKj;a wjOdkhla fhduq fkdlsu;a iska n,Yla;s lafIa;%h .eg rdYshlg uqyqK
;sf'

,xld ,sn, uKav,h" ,xld LKsc f;,a ixia:dj jeks wdh;k ;=< isjk
foaYmd,k uey;a u" wl jxpd iy IKhka iy ,sh" LKsc f;,a" .Eia wdfha
, fnfyka by< hdu;a n,Yla;sh Wmu M,odhS;dfjka hq;=j Nd;d lsu i|yd
ck;dj ;=< oHd;aul oekqu iy ;dlaIKh ixjOkh fkd ;su;a iskao ,xldf
n,Yla;s lafIa;%h wnqohg ,lalr ;sf'

,sh , wl u fya;=fjka kj ludka; ysu wvmK we;s w;r ,s
mfNdackfhka 60]la .Dyia: mfNdackh u u.ska fmkakq lrkafka fuu wnqohhs'
^ie,iq.;j hqKqjk rgj, ludka; wxYh 60]lg jvd ,sh mfNdackh lrhs&'
,s n, ckkh foaYmd,k ys;j;alu u; f;dard.;a jHdmdlhska lSmfofkl= w;g
l%ufhka m;a lrka ;sf' f,dalh mqrd LKsc bkaOk Nd;h wvq lrka l,am
n,Yla;s m%Njhka lrd blaukska .uka lrka isho wm rf lsis u;a ie,eiaula
ta i|yd fkdue;'

iu

n,Yla;s W;amdok" l<ukdlrKh iy l,am n,Yla;s ms<sn| mfhaIK yd
ie,iq ms<sn|j j.lshk n,Yla;s ms<sn| uOH ie,iq uKav,hla ia:dms; flf'

cd;sl ,s n, b,au 100]la foaYSh im;aj,ska imqrd .ekSug wjYH ish
W;aidyhka oef'

l%shdud.

wfma

n,Yla;sh ms<sn|j f jkg;a Y%S ,xldj foaYhka iu t<U we;s

.siq rf iaffjNdjh wdrlaId lsu yd cd;sl wjYH;d imqrd,Su
wruqKq lr.kska iudf,dapkhg Ndckh flfrk w;r tajd ixfYdaOkh
lsug fyda wfydais lsug lghq;= flf'

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iuq;sh

n,Yla;sh" wdl lafIa;%hg fukau ck ;hg w;sYhskau jeo.;a f,i

i,ld n,Yla;s wnqoh iug mshjr .efka'

iq<x n,h" iQh ;dmh" N+ ;dmh" uqyq r<" id.r c,h" uqvqj, j.d
l< YdL fYaI" je fidfrd" WKqh W,am;a we;= mqkckkSh n,Yla;s
moaO;shla f.dvke.Sug mshjr .efka' iq<x n,fhka rg ;=< ksmoh yels
fu.d fjd 20"000ka 10-15]la muK uq,a jir my ;=< ksmof'

m%jdykh" f.dvke.s,s bls yd fiiq lafIa;% ;=, n,Yla;s ixrlaIKh

w;HjYH wruqKla fia i,ld kS;s imdokh iy Wmfoia we;= ;dlaIKsl
iydh ,nd ug lghq;= flf'

f;,a yd .Eia im;a .fIKh yd leKS lghq;= i|yd oekg mj;sk

l%shdj,s iudf,dapkh lr tajd rgg ys;lr m ixfYdaOkh flf' f;,a
yd .Eia ksIamdok lghq;= lk flf'

,s n, uKav,h" LKsc f;,a ixia:dj jeks rdcH wdh;kj, kdia;sh iy

IKh ;=rka lr tys mmd,kh u;a flf'

m%jdyk lafIa;%fha islrk m%;sixialrK u.ska Bg jehjk n,Yla;sh

b;slr .ekSug;a ksIamdok ludka; i|yd tu b;sh fhdod .ekSug;a
lghq;= flf'

kk n,Yla;s ckk" fnod yef iy Nd;d l%u ykajd u u.ska

n,Yla;s kdia;sh fukau ; yd mdil ydks wju flf'

13' m%jdykh

cd;sl m%jdyk m%;sm;a;shla fkdue;su fya;=fjka fmdf uquy;a ck;dju
m%jdyk lafIa;%h ;=< .eg rdYshlg uqyqK foka is' fmd m%jdyk fiajdj, mj;sk
wl ;onoh" rdcH m%jdyk fiajdjka j, u" rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha m%jdyk
fiajd fmd ie,eiaula iys;j l%shd;aul fkdlsu" ud.j, mj;sk wl jdyk
;onoh ksid ud.j, ria;shd ug isu iy M,odhS ksia meh ,laI .Kkla
wmf;a hdu" mir IKh" cd;sl Okh kdia;s u" Yd, f,i isjk ud. wk;=re"
u;a ld,igyka wkqj nia iy h Odjkh fkdu" rd;%sfha iy .no m%foaYj,
.ukd.uk myiql j, u" ud. kv;a;=j u;a fkdu" ie,eiaulska f;drj
jdyk wdkhkh" ud. kS;s l%shd;aul u wl%uj;a u" jdyk .d,alrk fmd ia:dk
iSudiys; u iy kv;a;= fkdu" jdyk wu;r fldgia fukau fjk;a kv;a;= ho
by< hdu jeks .eg rdYshla fuu lafIa;%fha ykd.; yel'

59

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iuq;sh

tfukau jdyk wdkhkh" ksIamdokh" ud. ;ekSu" ud. kv;a;=j" wk;=re
wvq lsu" bkaOk jeks m%jdykhg wod, fCIa;%hka inkaOfhka rdcH wdh;k rdYshla
mej;sho tajd w;r ksis inkalrKhla fkdue;suo m%jdyk lafIa;%h wnqohg
,laug fya;= we;'

iu

m%jdykh myiql ie,iSu rch i;= j.lSula yd uyck fiajdjla f,i i,lk
w;r u.S ck;djg khdkql+," iqjodhS" ldhlaIu yd wdpdrYS,S m%jdyk fiajhla ,nd
ug wjYH cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla iy jevms<sfj<la ilia flf'

l%shdud.

u.S iy NdKav m%jdykh wdl l%shdj,sfha b;d jeo.;a ;ekla ysjk nj

ms<s.kakd neka th ck;dj fyn;a fkdjk whqka fufyhf j.lSu
rcfha j.lSula f,i i,ld lghq;= flf'

rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl m%jdyk fiajd k.d isgqug mshjr .kakd w;r rdcH
iy fm!oa.,sl m%jdyk wxY fmd uOH.; ie,eiaulg wkqj l%shd;aul
flf'

h fiajdj lk mQK klrKhg ,lalr th u.S iy NdKav

^fYaIfhkau lDIs" mY=" jr ksIamdok fukau f.dvke.s,s jH iy ldl
ksIamdok& m%jdykh i|yd mq,a flf' m%Odk k.r ;=< yd ckdlSK k.r
w;r Wux h fiajd wrUkq ,ef' ta i|yd yels Wmufhka foaYSh
udkj iy fN!;sl im;a fhdod .efka'

Y%dlhska iy fcHIaG mqrjeishka i|yd iykodhS ,lg .ukd.ukfha

fhug jevms<sfj<la ilia flf'

m%Odk ud.hg msiSu i|yd lsf,dag 2lg jvd je rla f.jd hd

hq;= .%dh m%foaY 1400la ykdf.k ;sf' ta ish .%dh m%foaY i|yd
fm!oa.,sl wxYfhao iyfhda.h we;sj zks nia r:Z iemfha'

rd;%S ld,fha iy iuyr m%dfoaYSh udj;aj, nia Odjkh isfkdfuka

u.Ska mSvdjg m;au je<elau i|yd rd;%S ld,fha iy u.Ska wvq m%dfoaYSh
udj;aj, nia Odjkh i|yd l%uj;a jevms<sfj<la ilia flf'

ixpdrl l,dm taldnoaO lrka nia" h" kdl yd .=jka m%jdyk fiajd
mq,a flf'

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iuq;sh

rf ixjOkh iu. we;sjk wkd.; wjYH;d mok lr .kska kj

ud. moaO;s b lsu;a oekg mj;sk ud. w;ajehd lsu;a m<,a
lsu;a wjYH;djh u; r:.d,a blsu;a i|yd fmd ie,iqula ;=< lk
l%shdud. .efka'

w;ska ud. bl< miq yd ud. mq,a l< miq fjk;a fiajd wjYH;d
fjkqfjka ^WoyrK f,i ,s /yeka" c, k," rl:k /yeka& ud.
lvd oeu iy lvf;d lsu ksid isjk ydksh" kdia;sh iy wjysr;d
u.yeru i|yd ud. ilia lsf tu fiajd imhk wdh;k iu.
taldnoaO ie,iqula iys;j lghq;= flf'

u.S m%jdykh iy NdKav m%jdykh i|yd uqyqo" wNHka;r .=jka .uka iy

wNHka;r c, ud. Wmufhka fhdod .efka'

ish uyd ud. iy wNHka;r ud.hka fomi mhska .ukalrk u.Skag

wdrlaIs;j iy myiqfjka .uka l< yels wdldrhg ml fld iy ml
udre ixjOkh lsug m%uqL;dj ,nd foa'

/lshd iy fjk;a fiajd wjYH;d fjkqfjka uyck;djg ksrka;rfhka

.ukd.ukfha fhug fya;=jk lrekq inkaOfhka mq,a wOHhkhka
islr u.S iy ud. ;onoh wvq l< yels M,odhS l,am ie,iq ykajd
foa' ^Wod- m;a iy udre mmd fjkia lr mxhg wdikak ia:dkj,
fiajh lsug fyda fiajd ia:dk wdikakfha mxug myiql ,ndu"
rdcH fiajd yels Wmufhka uOH.; lsu" mdie,a hqKq lr <uqkag
;ukaf.a mxhg wdikak mdie,a ,nd u&

m%jdyk .dia;= my< oeu b,lal lrf.k fmd m%jdyk fiajdjkays

fhfokakkag jdyk wdkhkh lsf iy wu;r fldgia wkhkfha n
iyk ,nd fok w;r iyk ,lg bkaOk ,nd f l%uhlao we;s flf'

md me" h;=reme iy ;%S frdao r: Nd;h u;a lr tajd wdrlaIdld

m%jdyk udOH njg m;a flf'

;%S frdao r: yshka yd hrka uqyqKmdk .eg yd Ialr;d wju lsug

iy Tjqkag jD;a;Sh .re;ajh iys;j lghq;= lsug wjYH mshjr lkka
.efka' ta i|yd m%jdyk wud;HdxYhg wkqnoaO wdh;khla msysgqf'

w;ajehdjg iy klrKhg ,lal< yels tfy;a Nd; fkdlrk nia"

jEka iy h ue yd tkaka rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYj, taldnoaO
jevms<sfj<lska w;ajehd fldg kej; m%jdyk moaO;shg tla lsug
lghq;= flf'

61

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iuq;sh

k.rdikak h ia:dk imQKfhkau klrKh lr oekg mj;sk ue

06lska hq;a h fjkqjg ue 15lska hq;a je wdik ixLHdjla iemfhk
h fhof'

fld<U k.rh i|yd jk m%Odk m%fY ud. yfhys Wfoa iy yjia ld,fha
we;sjk r:jdyk ;onoh u.yeu i|yd jdhq ilrKh lrk ,o wdik
ixLHdfjka je ;gq fofla niar: fhof'

niar:j, yd fha .uka lrk wh ,lajk wk;=re ksid isjk urK

i|yd ,CI 10l jkahla ,ndfoa'

,sfhka l%shd;aul lrk jdyk i|yd wdfrdamK uOHia:dk fkdue;slka

tu jdyk jHdmD;sh iSud ;sf' fuu ;;ajhg iula jYfhka tjeks
jdyk i|yd jQ ,sh wdfrdamK uOHia:dk 6000la jir 05 ;=< rg mqrd
ia:dms; flf'

fuu wjYH;djh imqrd .ekSu i|yd wjYH kS;s imdokh m<uq udi 06
;=< is flf'

oekg by< kxjd we;s yhs% jdyk i|yd jQ noao wvq flf'

14' ksjdi

ksjila hkq ;a;s y;rla iy jy,la iys; kEu f.dvke.s,a,la fkdj c,h"
,sh" jeisls<s" fi!LH myiql wdh iys; m%udKj;a bvlvla iys; jQjla h hq;=
jqj;a ,xldf nyq;r ksjdi m%udKhla fuf,i j;aug iqiq ;;ajfha fkdmj;S'
ck;djf.ka Yd, fldgila uqvqlal=" me,am;a" ,hska ldur jeks b;du my< ugf
jk ;;ajhla N=la;s k w;r jejk ck.ykh;a iu. wu;aj b flfrk
ksfjia ksid fYaIfhkau kd.l m%foaYj, u;= ;sfnk ;onoh yd ta wdY%s; iudc yd
mdil .ego ,xldf ksjdi .egj ;Sj% lsug fya;= we;'

yq f.dvke.s,s tallh muKla fkdj ksji msysgk m%foaYfhka ksjeishkag
,efnk wdrlaIdj" wOHdmkh" c,h yd fi!LH myiql wd fjk;a myiql" m%jdyk
myiql" /lshd wjia:d iy iajdNdl /ljrKh wdho w;sYhska jeo.;ajk w;r
jhsfka we;e N+ Nd.hka mxhg f;dard fkd.ekSug;a kd.lrKh W.% .egjla
ug;a Iu ixjOkh fya;= ;sf'

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iu

ishu mqrjeishkag ksYa; myiql iys; fi!LHdrlaIs; iy iodpdrj;a
f,i j;ah yels ksjila ,nd .ekSug we;s whs;sh uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdislula f,i
ms<s.kq ,nk w;r ta i|yd uey;au rcfha j.lSula f,i ie,fla'

l%shdud.

mxhg ksjila fkdue;s iEu mqrjeishl=gu ksjila ,efnk jevms<sfj<la

l%shd;aul flf'

rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha uey;afuka uQ,sl myiql ish,a, we;=<;a

uy,a ksjdi jHdmD;s we;s flf'

mjq,a tallfha iajNdjh u; O;ajfhka hq;a ksjdi jHdmD;s ish k.rj,

werf' ta hgf;a

tla hqj,lg m%udKj;a jk ksjila ^tla ksok ldurhla" wd,skaoh"

kdkldurh iy uq;ekaf.hlska iuka;&
orefjl= iu tla mjq,lg m%udKj;a ksjila ^ksok ldur 2" wd,skaoh"
kdk ldurh yd uq;ekaf.hlska iuka;&
orejka ;sfofkl= iu j;ajk mjq,la i|yd m%udKj;a jk ksjila
^ksok ldur 3la" wd,skaohla" kdkldur 1la iy uq;ekaf.hlska iuka;&
f,i ksjdi bflf'

rdcH yd mqoa.,sl iud. uska idudkH ck;dj b,lal lr.;a kj ksjdi

ixlSK blsu uska jdIslj ksjdi tall 20"000la blrkq ,nk w;r
tu ksjdi ,nd.ekSug ck;djg uQ,H fiajd ,ndfoa'

w;ska bjk iy mj;sk iEu uy,a ksjdi jHdmD;shla iuu jdy iy

wju=,a lghq;= i|yd Yd,d myiql ia:dms; flf' ta iuu <ud l%Svdx.
Khla ieliSu" WoHdk" lvidmamq" ffjoH uOHia:dk" wdmkYd,d wd jQ
fmd myiql iemfhk fiajd mshila f.dvke.Su wksjdh flf'

wjodk m%foaYj, j;ajkakka" uqvqlal= iy me,am;ajdiS ish fokdg rch

u.ska myiql iys; ksjdi ixlSKj,ska ksjdi ,nd fok w;r oekg ,hska
ldurj, j;ajk j;= llrejkag myiql iys; ksjdi ,nd u i|yd
lk mshjr .efka'

ksjdi blsu i|yd rdcH nexl=j,ska b;d wvq fmd,S ksjdi Kh fhdackd
l%shd;aul flf'

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iuq;sh

ksjdi blsu i|yd Kh iemhSf mrmrdjlska mrmrdjlg th ord

.; yels jk fia Kh wdOdr l%uhla ykajd foa' ^Inter-generation housing
loans&

m%;shg ke;s ksjdi m%;s ugug f.k tau i|yd jdIslj ksjdi yshka
25"000lg remsh,a ,CI 01;a ,CI 05;a w;r Kh uqo,la 01] fmd,shg
,ndfoa'

wvq ho ksjdi blsug wod, mfhaIK iy jHdma;s fiajd u;a flf'

bls lafIa;%fha fika" w;ajev" jvq" ,s ldl" c,k, ldl"

ie,iq Ys,amS wd ish jD;a;shlhskaf.a oekqu" l=i,;d m%jOkhg
Tjqkaf.a jD;a;Sh iqrlaIs;;djg fukau Tjqkaf.a fiajdjka jvd;a YajikSh
;;ajhg m;a lsug jevms<sfj<la ia:dms; flf'

ksjdi blsug wjYH wuqjH iy WmlrK iykodhS ,g ,nd u i|yd

f.dvke.s,s jH ixia:dj m%;sjHq.;lr u;a lrk w;r tys YdLd iEu
m%foaYhlau wdjrKh jkfia mq,a flf'

ksjdi l=,shg ug iy l=,shg .ekSug wod< m%;shla fkdue;su fya;=fjka

isjk wl%l;djhka iy wmyiq;djhka u.yeru i|yd l=,S ksjdi
inkaOfhka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSf l%ufohla" kS;s iy jHjia:dms; kj
wdh;k jHqyhla ia:dms; flf'

rdcH wxYfha fiajfha kshq;= mqrjeishka i|yd ksjig wdikak fiajd ia:dk
,nd u" rcfha uey;afuka l=,S ksjdi ,nd u iy kj ks, ksjdi
ixlSK b lsug m%uqL;dj ,nd foa'

15' mirh

jejk ck.ykh iy wu;a ldlrKh fya;=fjka f.da,Sh jYfhka
oejeka; foaY.=Ksl iy mdil mhdihka rdYshla isfjka ;sfnk w;r wm
rfo WKqiqu by< hdu" jIdm;kfha fjkial we;su" i;aj iy Ydl fYaIhka
j| hdu jeks fjkiaj, f.h W;aikak we;' isjk mdil iy foaY.=Ksl
mhdihka nrm;< fi!LH .eg fukau wdydr ksIamdokh iy wdl jOkh
wvd, lsugo fya;= we;'

mgq ,dN wruqKq lrf.k mirh kdYjk wdldrfhka is lrkq ,nk wdl
l%shdldrl fya;=fjka iy tajd l<ukdlrKhg msysgqjd we;s rdcH wdh;k wluKH

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iuq;sh

lsu fya;=fjkao mirh YS>% f,i IKh fjka ;sf' foaYmd,lhska ;u n,h
whq;= f,i fhdod .kska is lrk mir kdYhkao ^le,E fy<s lsu" jk i;=ka
ovhu" j.=re f.dv lsu wd& wdfKsl i;aj iy Ydl m%cdjka cd;Hka;r cdk
uxfld,a,fha f.dre njg m;ajkakg bv yeuo miq.sh ld,h mqrd olakg ,eKs'

iu

j;udk iy wkd.; mrmrdjka fjkqfjka mirh wdrlaId lsu
imQKfhkau rcfha j.lSula f,i i,lkq ,ef' fidndoyf m%;sW;amdok Yla;sh
je l< yels iudc wdl foaYmd,ksl ixjOksl l%shdld;ajh i|yd Yla;su;a
mdil m%;sm;a;shla iy ffk;sl jHqyhla f.dvke.Sug mshjr .efka'

j;auka yd wkd.; mrmqfrys meje;au ;yjqre lsu Wfoid c,h" jd;h" mi
we;= ish iajNdl im;aj, wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsu yd ;sridr Nd;h u;a
lsug mshjr .kakd w;r rg ;=< f.dv mirh muKla fkdj wkkH id.l
l,dmfha ish iajNdl im;aj, whs;sh yd iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre flf'

ixjOkh hkq yqfola fN!;sl l%shdj,shla muKla fkdj ck;dj wdrlaId
jkakdjQo fidndoyf m%;sW;amdokh kej; f.dvk.kakdjQo l%shdj,shla h hq;=h'
mdil m%;sm;a;s ilia lsf my; i|yka lreKq 04 u; mokj l%shdflf'

1' ish m%cdjf.a mdil whs;sh ;yjqre lsu

rf ish m%cdjf.a ksoyia iqrlaIs; jk meje;au Wfoid ish iajNdl

im;a ish ck;djf.a iqN isoah i|yd muKla Nd;hg .; hq;= w;r
wdluh jqjukdjka i|yd wjNd;h je<elaug lghq;= flf'

2' ;sridr ixjOkh we;s lsu

rf ixjOkh Wfoid l%shd;aul lrk iEu l%shdud.hla ;=<u mirfha

iqrlaIs;Ndjh we;s lsu ;=<ska ish m%cdjf.a hymeje;au ;yjqre flf'

3' iajNdl im;a wdrlaId lsu

mirh yd tys ish iajNdl im;a ixrlaIKh fukau jehqKq lr

mj;ajdf.k hdu iy wjNd;h je,elaug lghq;= lsu'

4' y; wdlh f.dvkexu

rf iajNdl im;a u; l%shd;aul jk y; wdlhla f.dv kexu

i|yd rf ish m%;sm;a;s ilia flf'

65

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l%shdud.

iajNdl im;a iy mirh cd;sl wjYH;djkag wkqj ixrlaIKh iy

l<ukdlrKh i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla ilia flfrk w;r oekg mj;sk
mirhg wod< mk;a iy fr.=,dis iudf,dapkh lr Yla;su;a flf'

iajNdl mirh" c,h" fjr<" N+h" jd;h" iajNdj Oufha y~ IKh

u yels Wmufhka je<elau i|yd jQ ;dlaIKsl u`.fmka fukau
kS;sh oej l%shd;aul lsuo is flf'

mirfha wdrlaIdjg ;ckhla jk ;dlaIKsl ksmehq iy fhojq fjkqjg

l,am fidhd .ekSug wod< jQ mfhaIK i|yd wdOdr wkqn, ,nd foa'

mdil kS;s l%shd;aul lsu i|yd ukd wka; in|;djla iys; wdh;ksl
moaO;shla ia:dms; flf'

mirh iq/lSu i|yd m%cd iyNd.s;ajh b,lal lr .;a udOH Nd;djla

we;s lrk w;r mirh /lSf jeo.;alu ms<sn|j ck;dj oekqj;a lsf
wOHdmk jevigyka ilia flf' mirh wdrlaId lsf jeo.;alu
ms<sn|j isiqka oekqj;a lsu i|yd mdie,a wOHdmk lafIa;%h ;=<g mir
Ih we;=<;a flf'

mj;sk ish iajNdl mir moaO;sj, /ljrKh ;yjqre lrk w;r

tajd LKavkh u je<elau yd tu rlaIs; m%foaY ksis m cd, .; lsug
yd je hqKq lsug;a wkdrlaIs; mir moaO;s rlaIs; m%foaY ;;ajhg
m;a lsug;a mshjr .efka'

iajNdl im;a wdrlaId lsu i|yd oekg l%shd;aul fkdjk f;;a

ixrlaIKh" mqrd ffcj ixrlaIKh" c, fmdaIl m%foaY ixrlaIKh" ffcj
im;a yd neKq im%odhsl oekqu ixrlaIKh iy wdl%uKsl ka md,kh
i|yd jk m%;sm;a;s yd wKmk;a ilid l%shdf fhdojkq ,ef'

Odldrfha mdil ydks oekq u i|yd meh 24 mqrd k 365 l%shd;aul

uOHia:dkhla ia:dms; flf'

O lD;s cdk iys; mir kdYld Ydlj. iy i;aj fYaI wd

foa ,xldjg f.k taug tfrys jevms<sfj< Yla;su;a lrk w;r oekg
jHdma;jQ tjeks fYaI ;=rka lsug fyda ksis m l<ukdlrKh lsug
mshjr .efka'

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rf mj;sk mdil wKmk;a yd m%;sm;a;s fukau cd;Hka;r jYfhka

jQ mir ys;ld wka;cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd iuq;Skag t<ug iy tajd
u;aj l%shdf fhoug lghq;= flf'

iEu m%foaYhlau wdjrKh jk m rcfha ks,Odka" mir ixOdk

iy mirfka we;=<;ajk mir lgq msysgqu iy ta ;=<ska m%foaYfha
mdil .eg ykd .efkk w;r tajd i|yd ms<sh fhfoa'

w,s ksia .egqu we;= mirh iy ksid .efgk ish m%Yak i|yd
oHd;aul lk i ,nd ug mshjr .efka'

jeis" iqkd" kshx" WIaK;aj fjkia jeks Odldrfha mdil fjkia

l,a we;sj ykd.; yels iy wod< wdh;k iy ckfldgiaj,g l,a we;sj
oekq h yels wdldrhg ;dlaIKsl myiql je hqKq flf'

ffch fkdjk iajNdl im;a fyda Lksc im;a fyda mdIdK im;a
Nd;h i|yd ,nd .ekSf leKS lsu fyda Wlyd .ekSu u;a
ixrlaIKhkag hg;aj yd wfkl=;a iajNdl im;a fyda ck;djg wys;lr
n,mE we;s fkdjk f,i is lsu i|yd u;a m%;sm;a;s yd l%ufohka
ilialr l%shd;aul flf'

wmjH oHd;aulj l<ukdlrKh m<d;amd,k wdh;kj, w;ayeh

fkdyels j.lSula njg m;alr wjYH ;dlaIKsl u.fmka is lrk
w;r Bg tfrysj lghq;= lrk wdh;k inkaOfhka kS;sh oej l%shd;aul
flf'

O jH wdkhkfha iy ksIamdokfha tajd u.ska mirhg ish

yels ydks ie,ls,a,g f.k wdkhk iy ksIamdok m%;sm;a;s ksrka;rfhka
hdj;ald,Sk flf'

rf wjYH;dj u; mokj is lrk ludka;Yd,d" jdKsc lDIsludka;h"

ixpdrl jHdmD;s" n,Yla;s W;amdok n,d.dr jeks ish ixjOk jHdmD;s
l%shd;aul lsug fmr ksishdldr YlH;d we.hS l%shdj,shlg hg;aj is
lrkq ,nk w;r tys iajNdl im;aj,g fyda ck;djf.a hy meje;aug
t,a,jk wys;lr n,mE wju lsug iy l,am ixrlaIK l%fudamdhka
l%shd;aul lsug mshjr .efka'

j,a ys we;s bv fukau ffcj O;ajhg ydksjk fia j.d lr we;s

*hskia" gmkaghska jeks j.djka fjkqjg foaYSh fldia" fo,a" " l=Uqla"
ljr jeks Ydl j.dj uyd mudKfhka jHdma; flf'

67

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16' /lshd

/lsh hqla;sh iy /lshd kshqla;sh ms<sn| ksjer f;dr;=re ix;hla
fkdue;' Y%u n,ldfha fndfyda fokd ksr;jkafka wia:djr fyda ksIamdokhg odhl
fkdjk ldhhkaysh' nyq;rhla fokd /lshdfjka ,nk wdodhu wdydrmdk jeks
uQ,sl wjYH;d imQK lr .ekSug fyda m%udKj;a fkdf' foaYmd,k jdis ,nd
.ekSf wruqKska rdcH wxYfha /lshd ksudKh l<o /lshdjkays kshqla; lr we;af;a
/lshd,dNshdg fyda uyck;djg jevodhl fkdjk wdldrhgh' fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
fiajd imhk fndfyda /lshdjka ksudKh we;af;a rcfha u;a wdl ie,eiaulska
f;drj jk w;r jD;a;Sh whs;sjdisl wys lrka fldka;%d;a mokka fiajhg n|jd
.ekSu ;=< Y%lhska orekq Y%u iQrdlEulg ,lauo m%Odk .egjls'

W.% /lshdj iy W!K /lshd kshqla;sfhka wiykhg m;a ;reK fldgia
fukau jD;a;slhska b;d Yd, jYfhka Y%s ,xldj w;yer hka isk w;r ldka;djka
tfia kqiqiq /lshdjka i|yd msgrg heu iska oreKq iudc .eg rdYshla ksudKh
lr we;'

jD;a;Sh wOHdmkh f.dvk.d fkd;su;a mj;sk wOHdmk rgdj jD;a;Sh
ksmqk;djka jOkh jk wdldrhg ie,iq lr fkd;su;a kj /lshd ksudKh lsug
wjYH ldl" lDIsldl iy fYaIfhkau mfhaIK wxYfha jHdmD;s wdrN
fkdlsu;a kj mrmqr n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk /lshd ys fkdug n,md we;'

iu

/lshdjl ksr;u uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdislula f,i ms<s.kq ,nk w;r th
jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre flf'

fld,a,ld fj<|m< wdlh fjkqjg mqrjeishdf.a jk ;;ajh jvd;a Wiia
;;ajhlg m;a lrk oejeka; iy b;du;a hqKq ksIamdok wl ie,eiaula ;=<
/lshd n,dfmdfrd;a;= ish mqrjeishkag ;u wOHdmk iy jD;a;sh iqiql wkqj
/lshdjla ,nd .ekSug we;s wjia:dj ;yjqre flf'

l%shdud.

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Y%u n,ldh ms<sn|j" /lshd kshqla;sh iy hqla;sh ms<sn| meye,s iy

YajikSh w.ehSula is lrkq ,nk w;r /lshd ,nd f cd;sl ie,eiaula
l%shd;aul flf'

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ixjOkhg wjYH mqyqKq iy fYaI{ Y%uh jejk wdldrhg ;dlaIKsl

iy wOHdmksl oekqu ,nd ug m%uqL;djla ,nd foa'

/lshd ,nd f lsis wdldrhlska foaYmd,lhskf.a uey;au

imQKfhkau k;r lrkq ,nk w;r ms<s.;a n|jd .ekSf mmdhlg
wkqj rdcH fiajhg n|jd .ekS is flf'

rdcH fiajfha Wiia" ia:dk udre i|yd ms<s.;a oHd;aul ksoNdjhlska

hq;a l%ufohka ilia flf' wkjYH n,mEj,ska f;drj iajdkj ;u
fiajh bgq lsug yelsjk fia kj wdpdrOu moaO;shla ykajd foa'

rdcH fiajl ishu ukd uQ,sl jegqmg tl;= flf'

ndysr n,mEj,ska f;drj iajdkj ;u fiajh bgqlsug yelsjk m

rdcH fiajh iqrCIs; flf'

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ldhCIu;djh iy fiajd iemhSu iu iuj ;r

jeh yels rdcH fiajhla yslsu Wfoid rdcH fiajlhdf.a wdl,am
jOkh msKsi mqyqKq wlaIK jevigyka ls%hd;aul flf'

rdcH wxYfha fiajh n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka mefKkakka yg jvd;a wdpdrYS,S

fiajhla ,ndu fjkqfjka uyck inkaO;d meje;au mss<sn|j rdcH
fiajlhd mqyqKq flf'

/lshd hqla;sh wju lr .ekSf b,lal iy.; jevms<sfj<la u;

f.dvke.=Kq jD;a;Shuh yelshd iys; mqoa.,hska foaY /lshd i|yd fhduq
lsu rdcH uey;afuka is flf'

wOHdmkfha ish ugj,ska bj;aj hkakka i|yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk

iqiql imQK lsug wjYH jD;A;Sh mqyqKq uOHia:dk ia:dms; flf'

ish jevlrk ck;djkag ish ;h hym;a ugka mj;ajd f.k hd

yels wdldrfha wju jegqma ;SrKh lrkq ,nk w;r ishu wdldrfha
jD;a;Sh whs;sjdisl wdrlaId flf'

oekg rdcH fiajfha mj;sk jegqma Iu;d bj;a lr,ka ish rdcH
fiajlhskaf.a uQ,sl jegqm mj;sk jk wjYH;djkag wkqj by< oeug
cd;sl jegqma m%;sm;a;shla ykajdu wruqKq lr.kska cd;sl jegqma
fldIka iNdjla w;ska ia:dms; flf' ta i|yd jD;a;Sh i;sj, woyiao
,nd.ekSug lghq;= flf'

/lshdjla ,efnk f;la /lshd l< hq;= jhfia iEu flfkl=gu j;aug
m%udKj;a ukdjla rch u.ska ,nd foa'

69

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fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ish /lshd i|yd wju jegqmla ;SrKh flf'

;;ald,Sk jk ;;ajhka moklr .kska fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhkaf.a

jegqma je lsu i|yd jk ksYa; l%ufohla rcfha uey;afuka kS;s.;
lr l%shdjg kef.a' f hgf;a oekg re' 2500l jegqma jeula ,nd ug
wjYH kS;suh mshjr .efka'

rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ish fiajlhskaf.a fi!LH wdrlaIdj

^Occupational Health& ;yjqre lsu i|yd wjYH l%ufohka iy ffk;sl
Odkhka ilia lr l%shd;aul flf'

wksh mokka fyda ksian, iud. ^Man Power Agency& u.ska fiajfha
fhdojd we;s ish fiajlhska fiajfha iar lsug jydu lghq;= flf'

iEu ia;s%lalhlu foaY rgj, wdh;kj,g fiajd imhk ^Back Office

Services& wdh;kj,ska iuka; ldhd, ixlSKhla blrkq ,ef'
tajdfhys weu;= uOHia:dk" kS;s{ ldhd," .Kldld ldhd," udkj
im;a l<ukdlrK ldhd, wdh i|yd bv myiql imhd u;a u.ska
rf wju jYfhka /lshd ,CI 03la ksudKh flf'

rcfha > ld,Sk wdl ixjOk ie,eiaug wkql+,jk fia iq jHdmdr

iy iajhx /lshdjka i|yd u`.fmka" ;dlaIKsl iydhhka" wvq fmd,S
Kh myiql" uQ,H l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| uQ,sl wOHmkhla iy foia foia
wf, myiql fidhd ug rch uey;af'

foaY /lshd b,lal lr.kska cd;Hka;r ms<s.ekSula iys; mqqyqKq

iy wOHdmk wdh;k ysl< hq;=f' oekg furg we;s ;dCIKsl mqyqKq
uOHia:dk w;=ka r;au,dk cuka fgla wdh;khg iqfYaIS jkdlula
ysh' tjeks ;dCIKsl mqyqKq wdh;k ia;%slalhlg tl ne.ska 24la fiiq
ia;%slal ;=<o jir 03la ;=< ia:dms; flf' fuu.ska jirl wju
jYfhka mqyqKq Y%lhka 40"000la foia /lshd i|yd fhduql< yel'

wdfhdack uKav,h u.ska rg ;=<g le|jk wdfhdaclhka wvqfjka mj;sk

w;r hkduh" ;dhs,ka;h" uef,aishdj iy nx.,sfoaYh fj; fhduqjk
wdfhdaclhkaf.a ixLHdj by< hka mj;S' wdfhdaclhka wdlIKh lr
.ekSf tu rgj,a iu ;r l< yels ugug wdfhdacll uKav,h
m%;sjHqy.; fldg wjqreoaolg /lshd 60"000la muK w;ska yslsug
lghq;= flf'

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foaY rgj, r:jdyk meoug .e,fmk fia r:fha jmiska iqlaldku

yiqrejk hre mqqyqKqj ,ndug mshjr .efka'

17' foaY.; Y%S ,dxlslhska

foaYhkays /lshd i|yd msg;ajk mqoa.,hskaf.a fiajd ld,h ksYa; lr

.ekSu;a Tjqkag f.h hq;= wju jegqm ;SrKh lr .ekSu;a Tjqkag ys
iudc rlaIK m%;s,dN wruqo, fiajh wjika lr ,xldjg tkg ,nd
.ekSf myiqlu iy;sl lsu;a i|yd Y%S ,xldj iy ,dxlslhska fiajhg
hk rgj,a w;r .siq w;aika lsug lghq;= flf'

foaY.; Y%lhska Wmhk wdodhu ,xldjg tf uqyqK fok ish ndOd

bj;a lsug yd tu uqo,a ish nj,ska ksoyia lsug mshjr .efka'

foaY.; Y%lhska uqyqKmdk .eg yd la .ek,s fidhd n,d Bg

uey;au i|yd iEu ;dkdm;s ldhd,lu ta i|yd jQ wxYhla msysgqf'

foaY /lshd kshqla;slhkag isjk ysyer" Y%u iQrdlEu wd wlghq;=l"

fi!LH .eg wdh inkaOfhka oekqj;a lsu i|yd meh 24u ls%hd;aul
fYaI tallhla iy .dia;=fjka ksoyia weu;= wxlhla ,nd foa' wdod<
oekqj;a lsu inkaOfhka ls%hd;aul ug wu;rj kS;s iy udkisl
WmfoaYk fiajd iemfha'

foia.;j /lshdj, ksr; jkakkag Tjqkaf.a jegqma ldKavh iy YS%

,xldjg tjk ,o uqo,a m%udKh i,ld ;Sre n rys; jdyk , .ekSu
i|yd wjia:dj ,nd foa'

/lshd iy wOHdmkh i|yd foaY .;jQ mqrjeishkag foaYhkays isg

Pkaoh Nd;d lsu i|yd myiql ie,fia'

foia rgj, mx /lshdf ksr; Y%S ,dxflah mjq,aj, isk foia

wOHdmk l%ufohka ;=< wOHdmkh ,enQ orejkag" Y%S ,xldf wOHdmkh
,eug isjqjfyd;a ta i|yd rcfha mdi,a yd Nd. moaO;sh ;=< wjYH
bvlv i,id foa'

foaY /lshdjkays ksr;jkakka yis wdmodjkag fyda wk;=rej,g ,lajQ

g iy h.sh g Tjqka ,xldjg f.kajd .ekSf ta i|yd rch uey;a
jk w;r ta i|yd jk ho rch u.ska Ndr .efka'

71

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/lshd i|yd foaY.; jQjkaf.a orejka iy foumshka uqyqK fok

wkdrlaIs;Ndjhg yd fjk;a iudc .egj,g iula f,i Tjqka i|yd
u;a iudc wdrlaIK l%uhla ilia flf'

18' .%dh ixjOkh

wm rf ck.ykfhka 55]la muK .%dh m%foaYj, jdih lrk w;r Y%u
n,ldfhka 50]la .u mok lr.;a lDIs ludka;fha fh is' .%dh wdlfha
;dlaIKsl fkdhqKq nj" m%d.aOk ysh" wf,lrK .eg" m%jdyk" fi!LH" wOHdmk"
n,Yla;s wd im;aj, fkdhqKq nj" u;ameka$u;ajH$je Nd;h" kS;s frda
jHdmdr" <ud yd ldka;d wmpdr" mqoa., >d;k" wd.l fyda fjk;a .egq" ;Hd Yajdi"
jeyshka uqyqK fok .eg" .%dh fyda kd.l ldlrKfhka we;sjk mdil
.eg" foaYmd,k iy uern,h iska we;sl< h.= iajNdjhka wd miq.d ,laIK
/ilska wo .%dh ck;dj fyn;a is;s' ta ksidu Tjqyq cd;sl wdlhg M,odhSj
inkaOug fkdyelsf;a tys m%;s,dN idOdrK f,i fkd,ef;a wnqohg uqyqK
is;s'

iu

kk Y%S ,dxlsl iudchla f.dvke.Sf 30"000la jk . m%udKh kk;ajhg
f.k tau w;HjYHh' w.k.rfha YS; ldurj, ie,iq lr nf,ka .%dh ck;dj u;
mgjk ixjOk ;Hdjka fjkqjg ienE ixjOkhla ugf we;s lsf wruqKska
ckdjdi tall fyj;a ." wO kd.l iy kd.l ckdjdi tall mok lr.;a
oHd;aul ixjOk l%ufohla ykajd foa' fYaIfhkau .%dh ixjOkh fjkqfjka
oYl lSmhla mqrd l%shd;aul jQ ixl,amSh f,i Wiia tfy;a l%shd;aul ;,fha ck;dj
uq<dlrjk nxfldf,d;a jHdmD;sjk .%dfudaoh" ckih" iuDh iy ke`.=u jeks
jevigyka wid:l ug n,mE fya;= ish,a, .eUqka fidhd n,d tjeks j,;d
lsisfia;a we;s fkdjk m fuu ixjOk l%ufohka ie,iq flf' ^WodyrK f,i
.%dh ksIamdok hgm;a hk wdldrhg nyq cd;sl iud.j, ksIamdok fj<|fmd<g
tla lsug bv ,nd fkdu&

fuys m%dfoaYSh ck;d ksfhda;hska iy O lafIa;%j, fYaI{ oekque;s
mqoa.,hska fukau wod< jk rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wxYj, ks,Odka . fyda ckdjdi
mokug f.dia .jeishka iu. tlaj .ug fyda ckdjdi tallhg wod< iEu lafIa;%hlu
hqKq ;dlaIKh .ug ,efnk wdldrfha ie,iq iy.; ixjOk ie,eiaula ksudKh
lr l%shd;aul flf'

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m%dfoaYSh jYfhka ;sfnk udkj iy fN!;sl im;a" ixjOkh i|yd we;s
wNsfhda. wdh ykdf.k ta ta ;;ajhkag iqiq jvd;a by< ;dlaIKsl iy l<ukdlrK
l%ufo ck iyNd.s;ajh we;sj .%dh ugug tla lsu fuys is flf' WodyrK
f,i .%dh ugka wdydrj,ska fyda n,Yla;sfhka iajhxfmdaIKh f yelshdj"
iduQyslj wdodh bmehSf l%ufo ^Wod- mY= im;a ludka;h" ixpdrl ludka;h"
wmjH l<ukdlrKh" iq fyda uOH mudK n,Yla;s ckkh" oekq wdlhg
inkaOu" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" mir ixrlaIKh" jr ludka;h& m%dfoaYShj
we;s udkj yd fN!;sl im;a fhdod .kska ksjdi" c, iemhq" ud. wd h;,
myiql ixjOkh wdh ms<sn|j we;s ish YlH;djka fidhd n,d wod< ck fldgi
oekqka" l=i,;dfjka" ;dlaIKfhka iy uQ,sl wdl yelshdfjka Yla;su;a flf'

cd;sl ugf wdl iy ixjOk ie,iq ilia lsf fuu m%dfoaYSh fyda
.%dh ixjOk ie,iq ms<sn|j oe wjOdkh fhduq lrk w;r tu ie,iqj,g
mgyeKs fkdjk wdldrhg iy ta yd iu.d jk wdldrhg ilia flf' .%dh ksIamdok
cd;sl wdlhg ukdj noaO jk nj ta wkqj iy;sl flf'

l%shdud.

.eg iu i|yd ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla .;jkq we;s w;r mxp O

m%;sm;a;s u; mokj my; l%shdud. .efka'

^1& .%dh wdlh Yla;su;a lsu i|yd ksIamdok n,f. ixjOkh lsu
u.ska fmdfydi;a .ula"
^2& .%dh ck;h hqKq lsug wod, fiajdjka u;a lsu u.ska hqKq
.ula"
^3& iudc wmpdr iy miq.d ixialD;sl ,laIK bj;alsf l%shdud. u.ska
kk .ula"
^4& .%dh mirh wdrlaId lsfuka iy u;aj ixjOkh lsfuka iqkaor
.ula"
^5& .%dh ;h yd mmd,kh idOdrK;ajh" iduQysl;ajh yd iudkd;au;djh
u; f.dvke.Sfuka m%cd;ka;%jd .ula'

.u fmdfydi;a lsu Wfoid"

1' lDIs ludka;h iy .%dh ludka; hqKq lsug iEu .%du ks,Od
jiulgu remsh,a ,shk 50 ne.ska jir myla ;=< fjka flf'

73

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iuq;sh

2' iEu .%du ks,Od jiulgu ,sh n,h ,nd foa'

3' iEu .%du ks,Od jiulu kj jHjidhlhska 10la i|yd remsh,a ,shkh
ne.ska 3] fmd,shg Kh ,nd foa'

.u hqKq lsu Wfoid"

1'

ish .%dh ud. jir myla ;=< ldm w;=rd wdrlaIs; ml udj;a iys;j
ixjOkh flf'

2' jirlg mdi,a 1000 ne.ska jir my ;=< .%dh mdie,a 5000la .=rejreka"
m>kl iy fjk;a fN!;sl im;a iys;j hqKq flf'
3' iEu .%du ks,Od jiulu oekg we;s lvms, fyda yxh fj<| ixlSK
f,i f.dvk.d .%dh jHjidhlhskag wjYH h;, myiql ,nd foa'

kk .ula ksudKh lsu Wfoid"

1'

iEu .%du ks,Od jiulu iqNidOk ix. msysgqjd jirlg remsh,a ,laIh
ne.ska m<uq jir my ;=< ,nd foa'

2' O weneys iy m%pKavld l%shd je<elau i|yd .%dh kdhl

kdhsldjka mqyqKq flf'
3' ;Hd Yajdi we;= miq.d woyia fjkia lsu i|yd oHd jHdma;s
fldif lghq;= mq,a flf' rEmjdyskS" .=jka ,s iy uqs; udOH f
i|yd fhdod .efka'
4' l,d" idys;H iy ixialD;s lghq;= by< kexu i|yd myiql imhkq
,ef' . lsysmhla wdjrKh jk m w;HdjYH myiql iys; ^mqia;ld,"
l=vd rx.Yd,djla we;=<;a& iqnidOk f.dvke.s,a,la ,nd fokq we;'
iqkaor .ula Wfoid"
1'

.u ;=< fyda .ug n,mdk ish ixjOk iy ludka;j, .f nyq;rfha

leue;a; ,nd .efka'

2' iEu .ulgu fi!LHdrlaIs; mdkSh c,h ,nd foa'

3' Yo ^Wod - fmd leue;a;g mgyeKsj Nd;d lrk Yo ldYkhka& iy
oYk ^fj<| yd foaYmd,k m%pdrK mqjre fyda oeka wd& IKh u
yels;dla wju lsu i|yd mshjr .efka'

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iuq;sh

m%cd;ka;%jd .ula Wfoid"

1' iEu .ulu md,sfka;= mk;lska n,h mejfrk j.lS iys; .%dh
iNdjla ^bkahdf mxpdh;a l%uh fuka& msysgqjd thg iafPd uyck
ksfhda;hska m;alr .ekSf l%shdj,shla we;s flf' tys ksfhdackfhka 50]
la ldka;djka h hq;=h'
2' whq;= foaYmd,k" uqo,a" iudcuh fyda uer n,h uqukska msgq oelSug wjYH
ffk;sl iy fjk;a l%shdud. .efka'
3' ldka;djkag isjk wiudk;djka re lsug wjYH l%shdud. .efka'

m<uq jir 05 ;=< by; mxpO wruqKq ish,af,ka msmqka . 10"000la we;s
lsug ish W;aidyhka oef'

75

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iuq;sh

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76

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idOdrK
iudchla

77

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yDoidlaIsfha

iuq;sh

iudchl hymeje;au i|yd wdl iuDoah iy iudc idOdrK;ajh hk wx.
folu w;HjYH f' kk iudcjd rdcHhl m%Odk wruqK jkafka iudc idOdrK;ajh"
iudkd;au;djh" hqla;sh bgq lsu yd ck ;fha hymeje;aug wjYH wdl
iuDoah w;am;a lr .ekSuh' wdKavqj" fm!oa.,sl iud." wdh;k yd ixOdk" mjq,
yd mqoa.,hd hk iudc ixOdk y;ru idOdrK iudchla f.dvkexu fjkqfjka
wka; inkalrKfhka hq;=j fufyhh hq;=h'

fuu wruqK bgq lr .; yels m udkj ysl yd uQ,sl whs;Ska" ffk;sl yd
wlrK lafIa;%" mdfNda.sl wdrlaIK wdh;k" uQ,H yd uyck Wmfhda.S;d ms<sn|
lafIa;% wdh iudc idOdrK;ajh Wmu jYfhka rlska my; i|yka m fmr<sldr
fjkialj,g ,lal< hq;=h'

01' wdKavqf ldhNdrh

uQ,sl ksia whs;Ska

cd;Hka;r udkj ysl ms<sn| .siq yd udkj ysl ms<sn| m%{ma;s

ms<s.kakd w;r mqrjeis whs;Ska wdrlaId lr ;yjqre lsu i|yd kS;s
imdokh flf'

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska llre" f.d" ;reK" YsIH" ldka;d" <ud"

jeys yd yelshdjka iS; njg m;a mqrjeishkaf.a whs;Ska wdrlaId flf'

ish mqrjeishkag f;dr;=re oek.ekSf whs;sh iy;sl flf'

ish mqrjeishkag mqoa.,sl wdrlaIdj ,eu iy;sl flf'

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iuq;sh

wlrKh iy kS;s mis|,Sf l%shdj,sh

h,a mek.sh merKs kS;s fjkqjg kQ;k ;;ajhkag .e,fmk m kS;s

moaO;sh ilia flf'

wlrKfha iajdk;ajh ;yjqre flf'

kS;s wdOdr fomd;=fka;=jla ia:dms; lr tys m%;s,dN uyck;djg b;d

myiqfjka ,nd .; yels wdldrhg uOH.; flf' ;dlaIKsl myiql
fukau udkj im;aj,ska tu fiajdj mq,a flf'

uQ,sl whs;Ska W,a,x>kh ms<sn|j rchg tfrysj muKla fkdj fm!oa.,sl

wxYhg yd fjk;a wdh;kj,g tfrysjo wlrK l%shdud. .ekSf
whs;sh mqrjeishkag ys flf'

oekg f.dv.eiS we;s w;s Yd, kvq ixLHdj blaukska if ms<shula

f,i ksYaphldrjrekaf.a m%udKh jelr kvq Nd. lrk ld, iSudj
> flf' tu.ska wlrKj, jirl ksud lrk 875"000 jQ kvq ixLHdj
,laI 12 olajd je flf'

jirl f.dkqjk 290"000la r:jdyk kvq ixLHdj ,laIh olajd wvq lsf
mshjrla f,i r:jdyk jer inkaOfhka fmd,Sish u.ska ksl=;a lrk ov
u.ska iug lghq;= flf'

Wid l%shdj,sh m>kl iy wka;cd,.; lsu u.ska jvd;a ldhlaIu

flf' ^e-Court&

.egqld ;;a;ajhkays wjkS;shg fhduqu fjkqjg kS;suh w: .%yhka

iy kS;sfha msysg ck;djg ,nd u jvd;a myiq lsu Wfoid wlrK fiajd
fldif;a kS;S{ m%cdjf.a;a iyNd.s;ajfhka kS;suh l%shdud.j,ska
ck;dj wE;aug n,mdk lreKq ms<sn| .eUqre wOHkhla is lrk w;r
ta u; fmd jevms<sfj<la ilia flf'

wmrdO yd nkaOkd.dr

wmrdO je<elau i|yd fhduqjQ lk wOHdmk yd oekqj;a lsf cd;sl

jHdmdrhla wdrN flf'

iudc wdrlaIKh wysu mqoa.,hska wmrdOj,g fm<Uula jk neka

wmrdO je<elau i|yd ish mqrjeishkaf.a iudc wdrlaIKh iy;sl
flf'

79

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iuq;sh

wmrdOj,g jerlrejkajk ish fokd hym;a mqrjeishka njg m;a lsu

i|yd jQ mqkre;a:dmk yd wOHdmk uOHia:dk" nkaOkd.drj,g wkqnoaOj
msysgqf'

/|hkag jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj yd Wiia wOHdmkhg we;=j jer wOHdmkh

,nd u i|yd wjYH myiql ie,fia'

u;ajH Nd;h uqukska ;=rka lsu i|yd ;r;sru fkdn,d kS;sh ;kau
l%shd;aul flf'

<ud yd ldka;d whs;sjdisl

<uqkaf.a wdrlaIdj iy;sl lsu i|yd oekg we;s kS;suh Odk iy

wdh;kuh jHqyhka Yaf,aIKh lr mmQK <ud wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;shla
iy ffk;sl Odk ilialr l%shdjg kefa'

<ud wdrlaIKh inkaOfhka lghq;= lrk ks,Odka i|yd fmd,sia fyda

kS;suh l%shdud." uYkh" mqkre;a:dmkh jeks lafIa;% inkaOfhka
jD;a;Sh mqyqKq iy l=i,;d jOkh lsu i|yd wjYH l%shdud. .efka'

mdi,a wOHdmkh ,ef wksjdh jhia iSudj wjqre 16 olajd je flfrk

w;r jhi 16g wvq orejka /lshdj, ksr; lsu imqrd ;yk flf'

<ud ysxikh yd wmfhdack je<elaug wjYH mmd,k yd iudchSh

m%;sixialrK is lrk w;r tajd W,a,x>kh lrkakkag tfrysj kS;s u.ska
lghq;= flf'

jd iq/l= uOHia:dk ms<sn|j m jHdma; ilaIKhla is lr jhsk

mqrd tajd u;aj msysgqf jevms<sfj<la wdrN flf' /lshdjkays ksr;
ujrekaf.a orejka fjkqfjka ksji fyda /lshdj lrk ia:dkh wdikakfha
tjeks uOHia:dk ia:dms; flf'

ks,a ;%mg iy wiNH fj wvj,g orejka f.dreu je<elau i|yd

bka isjk udkisl iy Ydl .eg ms,sn|j foumshka mdie,a ugka
oekqj;a lrk w;r ksfjiaj, tjeks oYk yd wiNH fj wv ne,Sug
we;s bv weysug foumshkaf.a iydh ,nd .ekSu;a ta i|yd kk ;dlaIK
l%u ykajd u;a is flf'

<ud wmpdr yd ks,a ;%mg keru ms<sn|j orejkaf.a wkkH;djh fy<s

fkdjk fia mdie,a ugka ilaIKhla is flfrk w;r tu l%shdj,ska
orejka uqod .ekSu i|yd Tjqka fjkqfjka wOHdmk jevigyka l%shd;aul
flf'

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ldka;djka mSvdjg ,lalrk iudc wiudk;djhka" mSvdjka" fjkial ls

yd ndOdjka wfydais lrk w;r iEu lafIa;%hlu ldka;djkag ms yd iu
whs;sjdisl iy;sl flf'

ysxidld weu;= yryd islrk mSvkh iy jdl w;jrhka ms<sn| kS;s

;s ilia flfrk w;r jrolrejkag o~qj meKug lghq;= flf'

kS;sh bfha fukau im%odhka yd iudc wdl,am bfha ldka;djkaf.a

.re;ajh yd iudk whs;Ska ;yjqre flf'

jdy ;h ;=< ldka;djka uqyqK fok .eg iy wiudk;djh wfydais

lsu i|yd oEje l%uh ;yk flfrk w;r orejka ,eu ms<sn| ;SrK
.ekSf mQK whs;sh ldka;djka i;= flf'

id:l jdy ;hla iy;sl lsug;a lalido" ldka;d ysxik" <ud

ysxikh" udkisl mSvkh" wka; mqoa., .egq" ish kid .ekS wju
lsu;a Wfoid jdy wfmalaIs; ish ;reK ;reKshkag bv , .ekSu"
ksjdi b lsu" uqo,a l<ukdlrKh" ldhsl udkisl fi!LHh wdrlaId
lsu" ,sx.sl wOHdmkh yd m%ckk fi!LHh" .egq je<elau" orejka
/l n,d .ekSu wd wod, ish lreKq we;=<;a k foll mdGud,djla
jhsk mqrd l%shd;aul jk m wdrN flf'

Y%dlhska" jeys mqrjeishka" wdnd; iy fjkiajQ

yelshdjka iys; mqrjeishka

fuu ish mqrjeishka Tjqkf.a leue;a; wkqj ksIamdok wdl l%shdj,shg

yjq,alr .kakd w;r ta i|yd wjYH wOHdmkh iy ;dlaIKsl myiql
rch u.ska ,nd foa'

ixjOk l%shdj,sfha fuu mqrjeishkaf.a whs;sjdisl wdrlaId lsu

i|yd jQ ffk;sl ;;ajhka ia:dms; lrk w;r wod, rdcH wdh;k u`.ska
;dlaIKsl u.fmka is flf'

jeys mqrjeishkaf.a oekqu iy w;aoelS m%fhdackhg .;yels wdldrhg

O wdh;k yd fiajdjkaj, lghq;= i|yd Tjqka yels Wmufhka
inkaOlr .efka'

oekg fiajfha kshq;= rcfha fiajlhskaf.a uQ,sl jegqmg tl;= lrkq ,nk
jegqma jOlhka rcfha Y%dlhskago f.ug lghq;= flf'

81

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iuq;sh

jhi wjqre 65g je jhfia miqjk mqoa.,hka fjfik ksjdi ksh;

ksfoaYhkag wkql+,j blsu ;=<ska .Dyia:j isjk wk;=re j<lajd
.ekSu fjkqfjka wod< wjYH;djh i,ld Tjqkag Kh wdOdr ,ndfoa'

iudc iqNidOkh

iudchSh /ljrKh ,eh hq;= ish mqrjeishka fjkqfjka iudc iqNidOkh

yd mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd mQK n,e;s wldhla ia:dms; flf'

iudc iqNidOkh i|yd wjYH ish uQ,H m%;smdok rch u.ska iemfha'

mqrjeishkaf.a jk ;;ajh ms<sn|j jkajr ilaIK islrka jk

;;ajh kd isgqh hq;= mqrjeishka ish fokdg m%udKj;a iyk ,ndug
lghq;= flf'

foudmsh /ljrKh fkdue;s orejka" /ln,d .ekSu i|yd j.lsj hq;=

lsisjl= fkdue;s jeyshka" u;ajHj,g weneysjQjka" nd, wmrdOlrejka
wdka /l n,d .ekSug yd mqkre;a:dmkh lsug lghq;= flf'

u;al=vq i|yd fhduqu wmrdOhla f,iska fkdj n,;djhla f,iska i,ld

mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd jevigyka we;s flf' tu mqkre;a:dmk wdh;k
kk myiql iys;j ia:dms; flf'

jD;a;Suh u;a cdjdrlrejka i|yd oe o~qj mekf'

kdia;sh" IKh iy jxpd je<elau

oekg jd;d we;s ish jxpd iy IK lkka mlaId lsu;a pQ;hskag

jyd ovqj lsu;a rcfha m%uqL ldhhla f'

IK iy jxpd ms<sn|j mlaId lsug iy j.lsjhq;a;kag o`vqj lsu

i|yd msysgqjd we;s ish wdh;k jvd;a Yla;su;a iy uqukskau iajdk
wdh;k njg m;aflf'

pQ;hskag lsis wdldrhl foaYmd,k /ljrKhla ,nd ug bv fkdfok

w;r tfia ,nd ug W;aidy lrkakkao jerj,g yjq,ajQjka njg m;a
lsug wjYH kS;s ilia flf'

o`vqj fuka muKla fkdkej;S f olajd isjQ jxpd" IK iy kdia;s isjQ

wdldrhka iy Bg fya;=jQ rdcH hdka;%Kfha j,;d ^Wod- kS;s;s" kS;s;s
ms<sn| fkdoekqj;alu" by<ska tk ;ck" fmd,sia" nqoa wxY" .Kk"

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n" f.=" fldIka iNd wd O lafIa;%hkays j,;d jeks& .eUqka

wOHhkh lr jxpd" IK iy kdia;s kej; kej;;a we;su je<elaug
wjYH u;a mshjr .efka'

jxpd" IK" kdia;s yd wmrdO wdh ie,iq ls fyda l%shd;aul ls

inkaOfhka f;dr;=re tla /ia lsu i|yd k 365 meh 24 mqrd l%shd;aul"
Bf,a iy rl:kj,ska f;dr;=re ,nd h yels uOHia:dkhla msysgjkq
,nk w;r oekq fokakka ^Whisleblower& wdrlaId lsug;aa j<lajk ,o
kdia;sfha fyda jxpdf fyda wmrdOfha m%udKh wkqj h ukdjla oekq
fokakdg f.ug;a lghq;= flf'

ixjOk jHdmD;s ms<sn| fj wvhla wdrN lr uyck uqo,a re' ,laI

100 blaujk ish jHdmD;s inkaO uQ,sl wOHhk jd;d" mir jd;d"
weia;fka;=" l,am fhdackd" fgkav le|" m%odkhka" ie,iq fjkia
ls ^variations - scope changes) iy m%.;s jd;d fuu fj wvh yryd
lkka m%isoaO flf' f i|yd jQ mk;la md,sfka;=jg bm;a flf'

ish uOHu iy uyd mudK jHdmD;s i|yd M,odhS iy ,dNodhS l,am

fukau M,odhS fpk bm;a lsf wjia:dj fmdf ,nd u i|yd
rdcH fyda fm!oa.,sl wdh;k u.ska ilik uq,a fudv,h fyda jHdmD;s
fhdackdj NdId ;%s;ajfhka m%isoahg m;aflf'

02'fm!oa.,sl iud.j, yd wdh;kj, ldhNdrh

idOdrK iudchla f.dvkexf fm!oa.,sl iud. iy wdh;k iska islrkq
,nk wm;sjd m%fYhka yd l%shdjka k;r l< hq;=h' ta i|yd"

uQ,sl whs;Ska W,a,x>kh f fm!oa.,sl iud. iy wdh;k wdjrKh

jk m ffk;sl Odk ilia flf'

Yd, uQ,H" udOH fyda msia n,hla we;s iud.j,ska iy wdh;kj,ska

ish yels wm;sjd l%shdldrl iSud flfrk fr.=,dis yd wdpdrOu
moaO;shla ilia flf'

ck ;hg mq,a f,i n,mdk wdl" uQ,H yd ixialD;sl lafIa;%j,

taldldrhka f.dv ke.Sug fkdyelsjk fia kS;s yd fr.=,dis ilia flf'
tjeks iud. yd wdh;k md,sfka;=jg j.lshk wdldrfhka jHjia:d
m%;smdok we;s lsu u.ska iudcfha idOdrK meje;au iy;sl flf'

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mdfNda.sl wdrlaIdj iy whs;Ska wdrlaId lsu i|yd ta ta wxYj,g wod,

ish rcfha wdh;k ^Wod - mdfNda.sl fiajd wldh" uyck fi!LH
mlaIl" ud.ia: u.S m%jdyk wldh jeks& Yla;su;a lrk w;r
mdfNda.slhska f,i fmkS isk wyUq mlaIlhska ^Mystery Shoppers& u.ska
kS;s fyda iodpdr frda f,i NdKav fyda fiajd imhkakkaf.a f;dr;=re
/ia lsug lghq;= flf'

03' mjq, iy mqoa., ldhNdrh

iudc idOdrK;ajh iys; iudchla f.dvkexf mjq, ;=<o tu
idOdrK;ajfha uQ,Ou l%shd;aul u w;HjYH f' .Dyia: ysxikh" ldka;d ysxikh"
<ud ysxikh" fYaIfhkau ldka;djkag jdyh" /lshdj yd ixialD;sh N=la;s u yd
iudkhka f,i ;h mj;ajdf.k hdug ndOdld ;;ajhka mjq,a tallh ;=< jOkh
u keje;au idOdrK iudchla ys lsf w;HjYH f'

;ks ;ks mqrjeishgo idOdrK iudchla f.dvkexf l%shdj,shg odhl u
wksjh j.lSula f'

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ksjy,a
ksfila

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iuq;sh

kk iudcjd iudchl uQLH mrud:h jkafka ksjy,a mqrjeishl= fyj;a ;ud
.ek yd ;u rg .ek iajdNsudkfhka hq;a" ;u hq;=l" j.lS yd whs;Ska .ek okakd"
ish ksoyi yd wdrlaIdj ms<sn| oe Yajdifhka hq;a" W.;a yd ixf ukila we;s
;Dma;su;a mmQK mqoa.,hl= f.dvkeSuh'

mdie,a yd iri wOHdmkho" ixialD;sl yd l,d lafIa;%fhao by; wruqKska
h<s ixOdkh l< hq;=h' wm rf w;S; mrmrdjka iska odhdo lr we;s hym;a
fN!;sl yd wOHd;al Wreuhka ms<sn| w.hSula we;s mqoa.,hska njg m;a lsug tu
lafIa;%hka fuu wruqKg fufyh h hq;=h' tfukau f,dj wkH cd;Ska iy ck;djkaf.a
ksoyi yd iaffj;ajh .re lrk mqoa.,hl= f.dvke.Su Wfoid ckudOH yd fmd ck
lghq;= fufyhh hq;=h' f ,laIKj,ska hq;a ksjy,a ksil= f.dvke.Su fjkqfjka
wOHdmk" ixialD;sl yd l,d" ffk;sl m%;sixialrK" ckudOH yd iodpdrh jeks
lafIa;% tu wruqKg wkqj ilia l< hq;=h'

iEu mqrjeishl=u Wiia rikaokfhka hqla; jQjl= njg m;a lsu rcfha
m%uqL ldhNdrhla f,i i,ld lghq;= flf'

isxy," fou<" uqia,s we;= ish ck;djf.a l,d yd ixialD;sl Wreuhka

wdrlaId lr fmdaIKh lrk w;r tajd u.ska ck;dj w;r ;%;ajh"
ifydaor;ajh yd iu.sh f.dvke.Su i|yd lghq;= flf'

l,dlrejkaf.a wd;au m%ldYkh i|ydjk whs;sh yd mqrjeishdg tu l,d

ksudK riug we;s whs;sh iqrlaIs;jk m ta ms<sn| cd;sl m%{ma;shla
ilia flfrk w;r ta i|yd lafIa;%fha kshq;= jQjkaf.ka iuka; uKav,hla
m;a flf'

l,d ksudKlrejkaf.a whs;sh ;yjqre lsu i|yd cd;sl nqoauh foafmd<

ldhdxYh n,.ekaf'

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iuq;sh

rEmjdysksh" kdgH" ;%" uQ;s wd l,d udOH i|yd u;a mqyqKqjla ,nd
f mqyqKq wdh;k ys lrk w;r wdrNhla f,i m<uq jir ;=< tjeks
wdh;k folla ia:dms; flf'

cd;Hka;r ugf rx.l,d iy ;%mg wNHdi oHd,hla wdrN flf'

kdgH l,dj ck;dj w;rg f.khdu wruqKq lr .kska m%dfoaYSh ugka

kdgH yd rx. Yd,d f.dvkeSug lghq;= flf'

cd;Hka;r ;%mg Wf<,la rcfha uey;afuka iEu jirlu meje;af'

;% m%oYk meje;au i|yd oekg fld<Ug iSud we;s m%oYk Yd,djg

^Art Gallary& wu;rj m<d;a ugka m%oYk Yd,d b flfrk w;r ;%
Ys,amSkag b;du iyk ,lg tajd ,nd foa'

Y%S ,dxflah ;% Ys,amSka fjkqfjka Wiia ugf ;% l,d m%oYkhla yd

iudk Wf<,la mej;ajd olaIhska u;a lsu i|yd iudk m%odkh
flf'

wka;cd;sl iy cd;sl ;% ;r.hla" m%oYkhla yd iudk Wf<,la

jdIslj meje;af'

mdie,a yd .%dh ugf isgu olaI l,dlrejka ykdf.k Tjqka cd;sl

yd cd;Hka;r ugug m;a lsug wjYH mq,a hdka;%Khla ia:dms; flf'

l,dlrejka Wfoid ; rCIK l%uhla" fi!LH rCIK l%uhla fukau

Y%du jegqma l%uhla ykajd foa'

idys;H iy wfkl=;a l,d lD;s ksudKh msKsi l,dlrejkag wvq fmd,S

nexl= Kh mskef'

kjl ;reK l,dlrejka" iskudlrejka iy fld kdgH ksudKlrejkaf.a

ksudK t<soelaug rdcH wdh;k i;= rx. Yd,d iyk ,g ,nd foa'

iudcfha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl ckudOH ixialD;sl

ma,h fjkilg Ndckh lr tajd rcfha fyda n,Odkaf.a fyda fjk;a
n,f.hkaf.a u;jdohka ck;dj u; mgjk fkdhqKq ;;ajfhka uqod
.efka'

orejkaf.ao fmdf mqrjeishkaf.ao wOHdmkh" idys;H yd l,d rikaokh"

kj f;dr;=re yd m%jD;a;s oek .ekSu hk wruqKq fjkqfjka m%Odk jYfhka
ckudOH fhdod .ekSug lghq;= flf'

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mqrjeis whs;sh yd udOH j.lSu ms<sn|j oekg mj;sk ixjdohka ms<sn|j

i,ld n,d Bg wod< m%{dma;shla ilia lsu i|yd udOHfka" udOH
yshka yd mqrjeis ksfhdacs;hkaf.ka iuka; lgqjla ia:dms; flf'

Y%S ,xldf ft;sydisl Wreuhka jQ fm!rdKsl ia:dk yd NdKav ixrlaIKh

lsu" tajdfha ;sridr meje;au ;yjqre lsu yd wkd.; mrmqr Wfoid tajd
cd;sl Wreuhka f,i iq/lSu rcfha m%uqL j.lSula njg m;a flf'

mqrdjia;= jekiSf wmrdOld l%shdj,sh uqukskau k;r lsug jydu

mshjr .efka'

ksjy,a mqrjeishka ysjkafka" Y%S ,xldj f,dalh ;=< ksjy,a cd;shla f,i ia:dms;
u;a iu.h' ta wkqj wrdcHjd foaYmd,k" wdl yd ixialD;sl kj hg;a;jd
wdl%uKj,ska ud;DN+h wdrlaId lr.ekSu;a ck;djf.a mrudm;H n,h yd rf
wdl" foaYmd,k" iudh yd ixialD;sl iaffj;ajh by<skau mj;ajdf.k hEu;a
rf .re;ajh yd lS;skduh lsis f,ilska fyda flf<iSug bv fkdu;a Y%S ,dxflah
cd;sh i;= yelshdjka yd jkdl ms<sn| iajdNsudkfhka msreKq mqrjeis iudchla
f.dvke.Su;a kk iudcjd rdcHfha m%;s{djla iy uqLH mrud:hla njg m;af'

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