LEYES DE LOS GASES

Da caluroso

LEYES DE LOS GASES

Da fro

Ley de Charles (1746 - 1823)

y
Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)
VT
V = kT
V1 = kT1 V2 = kT2
k = V1/T1 k = V2/T2
Charles

P y n constantes

Igualando:

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Gay-Lussa

LEYES DE LOS GASES

Cambios de presin

Ley de Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691)

P 1/V
P = k(1/V)
P1 = k(1/V1)
P2 = k(1/V1)
k = P1V1
k = P2V2
Igualando:

P1V1 = P2V2
T y n constantes

LEYES DE LOS GASES

Presin en funcin de la Temperatura

Guillaume Amontons (1663-1705)

PT
P = kT

P1 = kT1
k = P1/T1
Igualando:

P2 = kT2
k = P2/T2

P1/T1 = P2/T2
V y n constantes

LEYES DE LOS GASES

Volumen y Nmero de moles

Ley de Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856)

Vn
V = kn
V1 = kn1
V2 = kn2
k = V1/n1
k = V2/n2
Igualando:
A 0C y 1 atm, 1 mol de
cualquier gas ocupa 22,4 L

T y P constantes

V1/n1 = V2/n2

INVOLUCRANDO TODAS LAS

VARIABLES:
PRESIN
VOLUMEN
TEMPERATURA

Ley de los gases ideales

P 1/V V 1/P
VT
Vn
Por lo tanto:
V Tn/P
V = cte. (Tn/P)
V = R (Tn/P)

P1V1 = nRT1
nR = P1V1/T1
Igualando:

P2V2 = nRT2
nR = P1V1/T1

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Ley de John Dalton (1766-1844)

Mezcla de gases
gas A

gas B

What are some examples of the gas laws in

action in everyday life?
Charles's Law: Doubling the temperature of a gas doubles its volume, as long as
the pressure of the gas and the amount of gas isn't changed. A football inflated
inside and then taken outdoors on a winter day shrinks slightly.
A slightly underinflated rubber life raft left in bright sunlight swells up (Why
shouldn't you overinflate your life raft when your ship goes down in tropical
waters?)
The plunger on a turkey syringe thermometer pops out when the turkey is done
(The volume of air trapped under the plunger increases when the temperature
inside the turkey climbs).
Boyle's Law: Doubling the pressure on a gas halves its volume, as long as the
temperature of the gas and the amount of gas aren't changed. The bubbles
exhaled by a scuba diver grow as the approach the surface of the ocean. (The
pressure exerted by the weight of the water decreases with depth, so the volume
of the bubbles increases as they rise.)
Deep sea fish die when brought to the surface. (The pressure decreases as the fish
are brought to the surface, so the volume of gases in their bodies increases, and
pops bladders, cells, and membranes).
Pushing in the plunger of a plugged-up syringe decreases the volume of air trapped
under the plunger.

Amontons' Law: Doubling the temperature of a gas doubles its pressure, if the
volume and the amount of gas aren't changed.. The gauge pressure in a steel-belted
automobile tire will be higher when the car is traveling over hot asphalt than it was
when the car was in the garage.
Throwing an aerosol can into a fire may cause it to explode.
Avogadro's Law: Doubling the number of moles of gas doubles its volume, if
temperature and pressure aren't changed. A flat tire takes up less space than an
inflated tire.
Lungs expand as they fill with air. Exhaling decreases the volume of the lungs.
A balloon filled with helium weighs much less than an identical balloon filled with air.
(Avogadro's Law implies that equal volumes contain equal numbers of molecules,
when pressure and temperature are held constant. Since both balloons contain the
same number of molecules, and since helium atoms have lower mass than either
oxygen molecules or nitrogen molecules in air, the helium balloon is lighter.)
Wet air is less dense than moist air (see the FAQ on gases for an explanation).

Ley de los gases ideales

Gas hipottico cuyo
comportamiento de P, V y
T se puede describir
completamente con la
ecuacin del gas ideal.
Caractersticas:
Las molculas no se atraen
o repelen entre s.
Su volumen es
despreciable en
comparacin con el
volumen del recipiente que
lo contiene

1834 Emil Clapeyron