Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Fall 2012
Lecture 19: Output Stages
Sam Palermo
Analog & Mixed-Signal Center
Texas A&M University
OTA
Three-Stage OpAmp
Av > 1
ViVi+
Av >> 1 Av = 1
+
Input
Stage
Vo
Gain
Stage
Output
Stage
Output stage
Power Amplifier
Large current gain and near unity voltage gain
Small output impedance
4
ELEN-474
VDD
M2
M2
i01
M3
2i01
r0
vy
i02
v+
M4
vout
v-
i01
i01
vd
R1
C1
CM
gm1(v+-v-)
v0
-vd
M1
A2A3(vy)
R1
C1+(1+gm3ro3)CM
M1
IB2
IB1
Internal pole
IB3
AVDC
VSS
A2 g m 3 ro 3
A3 1 0.5
AVDC
GBW
p1
GBW
Jose Silva-Martinez
p2
g m1
CM
Rout = r0 1 / g m 4
Notice that load capacitors must satisfy the
following condition, otherwise phase margin is
not good enough
GBW <
-5-
1
r0 C L
Adc =
g m1
g m1 RL
1 (Optimistic)
g m1 + g o1 + g mb1 + g o 2 + g L 1 + g m1 RL
1
1
Rout =
g m1 + g o1 + g mb1 + g o 2 g m1
6
V
2 I Q + o
RL
Vo = Vi VT 1
nCox (W L )1
[Gray]
Maximum Vo
Minimum Vo
Vm
Vm2
2
=
Pac =
RL
2 RL
The average power consumed by the source follower is
Pav = ( I Q )( VDD ) + (I Q )(VDD ) = 2 I QVDD
The output stage power efficiency is
Pac
Vm2
=
Peff
Pav 4 RL I QVDD
Maximum power efficiency is achieved when the output
V
amplitude approaches VDD and I Q is designed to be DD
RL
1
Max P eff = or 25% (not that good! )
4
8
Rout
1
g m 2 (1 + Av )
9
10
11
Vm
Vm2
2
Pac =
=
2 RL
RL
The current consumed by the push - pull stage from the two supplies
V
consists of half - sine wave of peak amplitude m
RL
V
The average current will be m
RL
V
V
2V V
Pav = m ( VDD ) + m (VDD ) = m DD
RL
RL
RL
The output stage power efficiency is
P
Vm
Peff ac =
Pav 4VDD
Maximum power efficiency is achieved when the output
amplitude approaches VDD
Max P eff =
14
Next Time
Bandgap Reference Circuits
15