TOWARD A HISTORY FROM o Demanded

BELOW resignation of
President Marcos in
INTRODUCTION May 1967.
• Black Sunday Massacre
• Lapiang Malaya o Resulted from the
o A freedom party dismissal of
o Like the other Valentin Delos
freedom parties, it’s Reyes’ demand for
goals were also President Marcos’
simple: true justice, resignation.
true equality and • The Lapiang Malaya affair
true freedom for the was not an isolated event
country. in the Philippines History.
o Uses bolo and • We should consider it as
anting-anting during just fanaticism, nativism
fights instead of and millenarianism.
automatic weapons. • We should be able to find
• Valentin Delos Reyes meaning in it.
o Charismatic
Bicolano The “Revolt of the Masses”
o Leader of the • From Teodoro Agoncillo’s
Lapiang Malaya Book.
o Some calls him a • For Agoncillo, the meaning
hero, while for some of independence was the
he is a madman. same: separation from
o Claims that he was a Spain and the building of a
regularly sovereign Filipino nation.
communicating with • Illustrados
Bathala and past o Revolutionary
Filipino patriots. Movement
o Claims that he also o The enlightened
communicates with o Educated Filipinos
Rizal. o Wanted to be
o Subscribe in the
treated equal to the
ancient beliefs in Spaniards
the magical potency o Focused on friar
of sacred weapons
abuse.
like inscribed
o Died in the early
objects (anting-
1890’s
anting) and
formulaic prayers. • Masses
o Declared himself as o Katipunan
a Presidential o The Katipunan
candidate in 1957. movement was
 initiated by petty the republic
clerks, laborers and were
artisans in Manila. antinationalist,
o Only later joined by irrational, and
educated and doomed to
propertied Filipinos fail.
that were drawn into o Great Tradition
struggle. o Elite-led
o Split into two: movements
Magdiwang and o Rational and
Magdalo realistic goals
o The early popular • Renato Constantino
movements were o Interpreted the
failures and Bonifacio-Aguinaldo
continued to do so. conflict as the
o The peasants view cooptation of the
the 19th century Katipunan mass
situation differently movement by the
from that of their Caviteno elite.
relatively more o He puts Bonifacio as
sophisticated and the head of the
urbanized Little Tradition
compatriots. because of he “had
o The latter the instinct of the
movements were masses” whose
led by local messiah desires where
and bandit chiefs. inchoate, his own
o They embodied rural declarations were
aspirations such as “primitive”
freedom from taxes,
reform of the
tenancy system, and
restoration of village
harmony and
communalism.
• David Sturtevant
o Little Tradition
 Peasant
tradition of
unrest .
 Peasant-
based,
religious
oriented
challenges to