Application Note 1

August 1984
Understanding and Applying the LT1005
Multifunction Regulator
Jim Williams
The number of voltage regulators currently available
makes the introduction of another regulator seem almost
unnecessary. However, a new device, the LT1005, offers
auxiliary functions which help solve problems often associated with voltage regulation in circuits.
The LT1005 (Figure 1) consists of a 5V, 1A1 regulator,
which is controlled by a positive logic enable pin, and a 5V
auxiliary regulator. The auxiliary regulators output is unaffected by the state of the main regulator. Thermal overload

protection and current limiting round out the device. The

enable pin is a high impedance input which floats in a high
state. 10A1 of current pulled from the pin will force it
below its 1.6V turn-off threshold, shutting down the main
output. Figure 2a shows a simple but useful application.
Here, the regulators enable pin is controlled by the state
of a toggling flip-flop which is triggered by a pushbutton
on a computer keyboard. The auxiliary 5V output powers
Note 1: A 3A version to the LT1005 is also available. See LT1035
L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear
Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

LT1005
INPUT 20V MAX
QUIESCENT
CURRENT
4mA

THERMAL
OVERLOAD

5V, 1A MAIN
REGULATOR

5V, 35mA
AUXILIARY
REGULATOR

5V 2%
MAIN OUTPUT
1.5A SHORT-CIRCUIT
CURRENT
DROPOUT VOLTAGE =
7.3V AT 1A
7.0V AT 0.2A

AN01 F01

GROUND

AUXILIARY OUTPUT =
5V 3%, 35mA
SHORT-CIRCUIT
CURRENT = 90mA
DROPOUT VOLTAGE =
6.8V AT 35mA
6.4V AT 1mA

ENABLE
NORMALLY FLOATS HIGH, 100A TO PULL LOW
VTHRESHOLD = 1.8V, TEMPCO 1mV/C

Figure 1

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Application Note 1
the flip-flop when the computer has been shut down. This
arrangement allows the normal separate power switch to
be eliminated. Although the enable pin interfaces directly
to CMOS and TTL, its relatively high impedance allows it
to implement a number of diverse functions.

in the load. When power is applied to the regulator, the

5V auxiliary output comes up, transferring charge through
the 10F unit. This forces the enable pin high, allowing the
main regulator to come up and power the load. If a load
short occurs, the regulator goes into current limit and the
main output falls to zero. This pulls the enable pin low,
completing a positive feedback latch which disables the
main regulator output. Under these conditions the output
will remain at zero, even after the load short is removed.
Also, the regulator will not have to dissipate power for the
duration of the short circuit. The output may be reset by
removing regulator input power or forcing the enable pin.

Figure 2b is a power-on delay circuit. Upon application of

power, the output is held low until the capacitor charges
beyond the 1.6V threshold of the enable pin. In this case,
the time required is about 100ms. The diode-1k combination drains the capacitor quickly when power is removed.
Figure 2c shows a simple arrangement which will latch
down the main regulator output if a short circuit occurs

VIN

LT1005

VIN
AUXILIARY
5V

OUT

TO MAIN
SYSTEM
POWER

ENABLE

+V

Q
7474
CLK

KEYBOARD
BUTTON
AN01 F02a

(a)

LT1005

VIN
AUXILIARY
5V
1N914

VIN

39k

10F

5V
MAIN

LT1005

VIN
AUXILIARY
5V

ENABLE

5V OUTPUT TO LOAD

ENABLE
10F

10k
AN01 F02c

1k

TO MAIN
CIRCUIT
POWER

OUT

VIN

AN01 F02b

(b)

(c)
Figure 2

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Application Note 1
Figure 3 illustrates a circuit which takes advantage of this
operation to achieve a cost-effective solid-state equivalent of a circuit breaker. This circuit will turn off the main
regulators output within 700ns of an overload. The trip
current and breaker delay times are settable over a wide
range. Under normal conditions the current through the
1 shunt is insufficient to bias Q1 into conduction. Q2
is also off and the regulator functions. When an overload
occurs (Trace A, Figure 4 is the regulators output current),
the potential across the 1 resistor rises, turning on Q1.
A1s collector drives Q2s base (Trace B, Figure 4) via the
1k resistor and the 100pF speed-up capacitor. This turns
on Q2, pulling the enable pin (Trace C, Figure 4) to ground
and shutting down the regulator output (Trace D, Figure4).
The 10k value from the main output to the enable pin
latches the regulator down in a fashion similar to Figure1
and the 4.7F capacitor shown in dashed lines may be
added (delete the 100pF unit) for applications where fast
response is not desirable. The 1 value can be selected
to accommodate any desired current trip point.

Figure 5 shows another circuit which uses the enable pin

to shut down the regulator under abnormal conditions.
9V
NOMINAL
FROM
RAW
DC

LT1005

VIN
750

AUXILIARY
5V

5V MAIN
OUTPUT

MAIN
OUTPUT

ENABLE

1N914
2N2907

360

10k

TYPICAL TRANSFORMER
TAP SWITCHING

11O/220
AC IN

110AC

220AC

TO BRIDGE
AND
FILTER CAPACITOR
AN01 F03

VIN

1k

Q1
2N2907

MAIN
OUTPUT

LT1005

VIN
AUXILIARY
5V
1F

1k

100pF

ENABLE
10k

1k

4.7F

5V MAIN
OUTPUT

Q2
2N2222
2k
AN01 F03

Figure 3

A = 500mA/DIV

B = 1V/DIV
C = 5V/DIV
D = 2V/DIV

HORIZONTAL = 500ns/DIV

AN01 F04

Figure 5

This configuration is useful in instruments or systems

meant to be powered from 110VAC or 220VAC. Powering
a regulator from a 220VAC primary when the secondary
transformer tap switch is set for 110VAC forces excessive
dissipation in the regulator, leading to thermal shutdown.
The circuit shown prevents this by sensing the abnormally
high input voltage and shutting down the regulator. Under
normal operating conditions the input voltage is low enough
to keep the transistor on, pulling the enable pin toward
the auxiliary output and maintaining regulator output. If
the circuit is inadvertently powered from 220VAC without
moving the transformer tap switch, the regulators input
voltage rises. This cuts off the transistor and the 10k resistor pulls the enable pin to ground, shutting down the
regulator. The diode in the transistors base line prevents
VBE zenering during the reverse bias condition which exists
during the shutdown. For the values given, this circuit will
function properly over ranges of 88VAC to 135VAC and
180VAC to 260VAC (110VAC to 220VAC 20%).

Figure 4
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Application Note 1
Figure 6 shows the LT1005 in another circuit where operation depends on input conditions. This circuit is useful in
systems where it is necessary to bring up and power-down
circuitry in a sequence. It is particularly applicable in situations where it is desirable to transfer and store data into
nonvolatile memory during power outages. It functions
by taking advantage of the differing dropout voltages
between the main and auxiliary outputs. When power is
first applied, the LT1005 input (Trace A, Figure 7) starts to
ramp up. The auxiliary output (Trace D, Figure 7) follows
this ramping action and clamps at its 5V regulated output.
During this interval, C1 monitors the difference between
the regulator input and the 5V auxiliary output. The resistor ratios at its inputs are scaled so that the enable pin
(Trace B, Figure 7) will be clamped until the regulator input
is high enough to support main output regulation. (The
small ramp segments visible at the enable pin are due to

the comparator outputs failure to clamp under very low

supply voltage conditions. The do not influence overall
circuit operation). When this point is reached, the main
output (Trace C, Figure 7) comes up quickly. Because the
auxiliary output precedes the main output, it can be used
to preset conditions in the circuitry being powered by the
regulator. When power falls below the threshold point, C1
pulls the enable pin (Trace B, Figure 7) low, forcing the
regulators main output to go off rapidly. The auxiliary
output, however, maintains regulation after the main output
has gone off. This allows the main output to be used as a
logic signal to alert auxiliary-powered nonvolatile memory
to store data. The amount of time the auxiliary output will
maintain regulation on power-down may be controlled by
regulator filter capacitor size. The diode-4.7k combination
provides regenerative action to assure a clean turn-off for
the main output.

A = 10V/DIV
7.2V MIN

MAIN
OUTPUT

LT1005

VIN

AUXILIARY
5V

ENABLE

5V MAIN
OUTPUT
4.7k
1N4148

B = 5V/DIV
C = 5V/DIV

2.7k

D = 5V/DIV
2.2k

C1

LT1011
+
5.1k

4.7k

5V AUXILIARY
OUTPUT

HORIZONTAL = 5ms/DIV

AN01 F07

Figure 7
AN01 F06

2.2k

Figure 6

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Application Note 1
In some systems it is more convenient, or advantageous,
to detect power outages by directly monitoring the AC
line. Figure 8s circuit does this by connecting an optoisolator across the AC output of the power transformer.
Normally, the AC line (Trace A, Figure 9) turns on the LED
every 8ms (1/2 cycle of the line), causing the Darlington
output transistor to reset the 0.01F capacitor to VCE(SAT).
When the line drops out (Trace B, Figure 9), the capacitor
charges at a rate dependent upon the setting of the 20k
potentiometer. This ramping voltage is compared by C1 to a

reference derived from the auxiliary output. When C1 goes

low, the regulator output goes low (Trace C, Figure 9). This
occurrence can be used as a logic signal to flag circuitry
which is powered by the auxiliary output. The trip set
potentiometer and the value of the capacitor can be used
to determine the number of missing line cycles required
to shut down the regulator. When using this circuit it is
important to recognize that the hold-up time of the raw
supply must be taken into account to determine how long
the auxiliary output will remain regulated.

TO FILTER
CAPACITOR AT RAW
DC OUTPUT
1N4148
(4)
TO AC
SECONDARY OF
POWER TRANSFORMER

AUXILIARY
5V

500k
TRIP SET

18k

0.1
4N46

LT1005

VIN

5V
MAIN
OUTPUT
ENABLE

3.3k

2k

DROPOUT
SIGNAL
5V AUXILIARY
POWER

C1
LT1011

+5V

AN01 F08

3k

Figure 8

A = 10V/DIV

B = 5V/DIV
C = 2V/DIV

HORIZONTAL = 10ms/DIV

AN01 F09

Figure 9

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Application Note 1
Figure 10 shows a latching circuit similar to Figure 2, except that a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) sharp
transition thermistor runs from the enable pin to ground.

VIN

MAIN
OUTPUT

LT1005

VIN
AUXILIARY
5V

5V OUTPUT

ENABLE
10k

AN01 F10

*= MOXIE THERMOSWITCH
TYPE TS-3-65
MSD, LTD.
QUEBEC, CANADA

C1
10F

65 TRIP*

Figure 10

This circuit will provide latching protection for circuitry

under thermal overloads due to blocked vents or fan
failures. The NTC device resistance decreases from 200k
at 60C to 10k at 65C, cutting off the regulator. The
thermistor is biased from the output, so latch-off occurs
when the trip temperature is reached. C1 ensures starting.
Unfortunately, the transition and hysteresis points of NTC
devices are fixed and cannot be user varied. Figure 11 takes
advantage of the relatively high impedance of the enable
input to circumvent this problem. A standard thermistor
(negative temperature coefficient) allows the trip point
and hysteresis band to be set at any desired point. For
the example shown, the regulator will shut down at 58C
ambient (8k thermistor resistance) and come back up at
42C (15.2k thermistor resistance). Other characteristics
are obtainable by shifting resistor and thermistor values.

Figure 12 shows another thermally-related use of the

regulator. The highest crystal oscillator stabilities are
achieved by temperature-stabilizing the crystal. In
frequency-measuring equipment and communications
work it is often important that the crystal frequency be
stabilized before the equipment is used. In this circuit,
the LT1005 combines with a typical commercial crystal
oven to prevent equipment use until oven temperature
has stabilized. When power is applied, pin 6 of the crystal
oven is high, biasing Q1. Simultaneously, the SCR gate
is triggered by auxiliary-generated output current coming
through the 4.7F unit. This disables the main regulator
output. When the oven reaches temperature, the thermoswitch opens, removing bias from Q1. This commutates
the SCR and the regulator comes up, allowing its load to
operate. The 4.7k resistor eliminates false SCR triggering and the diode suppresses reverse gate current when
regulator input power is removed.

VIN

AUXILIARY
5V

+V

LT1005
AUXILIARY
5V

MAIN
OUTPUT

ENABLE
51.1k

ENABLE

HEATING
4.7F

2N5060

5
1N4002

4.7k

NC

1N4002
10k

Q1
2N3904
AN01 F12

7
VIN

5V OUTPUT

220

HEATER

VIN

MAIN
OUTPUT

LT1005

VIN

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
MANSON TYPE
MC0-134

5V OUTPUT

Figure 12
51.1k

AN01 F10

Rt

Rt = YELLOW SPRINGS INST.

# 44008 30k AT 25C

Figure 11
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Application Note 1
The latching action used in many of the preceding applications is one form of feedback. Negative feedback to
the enable pin can be used to make closed loop servos.
Figure 13 shows a way to make a simple switched-mode
motor speed controller with the LT1005. This circuit uses
a tachometer to generate a feedback signal which is
compared to a reference supplied by the auxiliary output.
When power is applied, the tachometer output is zero
and the regulator output (Trace A, Figure 14) comes on,
forcing current (Trace C, Figure 14) into the motor. As
motor rotation increases, the negative tachometer output
pulls the enable pin (Trace B, Figure 14) toward ground.
When the enable pins threshold voltage is reached, the
regulator output goes down and the motor slows. C1
provides positive feedback, ensuring clean transitions.
In this fashion, the motors speed is servo-controlled at

a point determined by the 2k potentiometer setting. The

regulator free-runs at whatever frequency and duty cycle
are required to maintain the enable pin at its threshold.
Loop bandwidth and stability are set by C2 and C3. The
1N914 diode prevents the negative output tachometer
from pulling the enable pin below ground while the
1N4002 commutates the motors negative flyback pulse.
The servo-controlled pulse mode excitation allows the
motor to furnish excellent torque characteristics, even
when operating at 5% of its full speed rating. For example,
the small motor listed, with a shaft torque rating of 20
gram-cMs at 3300RPM, is almost unstoppable by the
unaided human hand at 150RPM. The thermal and current
limiting in the regulator prevents either the motor or the
regulator from burning up in the event of a shaft overload.

1N4002

+UNREG

MAIN
OUTPUT

LT1005

VIN
AUXILIARY
5V

ENABLE

+
+

2k
SPEED
SET
1N914

C2
1F

C3
1F

C1
1F

510

+
AN01 F12

MOTOR-TACH = CANON # EF-26-R1-N1

Figure 13

A = 5V/DIV

B = 5V/DIV

C = 0.5A/DIV

HORIZONTAL = 5ms/DIV

AN01 F14

Figure 14

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Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.

However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.

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Application Note 1
Figure 15 shows a way to run higher voltage motors. In this
mode the motor is placed in the regulator input line and
the output is terminated into a 3.3 load. The servo loop
operates in a similar fashion to the one in Figure13. In this
case, however, a large capacitor is placed at the regulator
to filter the transients generated by motor switching. When
the tachometer output (Trace A, Figure 16) calls for power,
the regulator comes on, allowing current to flow through
the motor. This forces the regulator input toward ground
(Trace B, Figure 16) for the duration of the on-time. The

+20V

circuits advantage is that it allows higher voltage motors

(up to 20V) to be controlled. In common with the previous circuit, the regulator provides thermal and current
overload protection for the motor. Its disadvantage is
that for servo setpoints which require high motor power,
the regulators DC input will go below dropout and the
auxiliary output will fall, destabilizing the servo setpoint.
Each of these circuits offers a simple, cost-effective, one
package solution to speed control of small motors at the
expense of efficiency.

LT1005

VIN
1000F
ENABLE

MAIN
OUTPUT

3.3

1F

AUXILIARY
5V
2k
SPEED
SET

510
MOTOR-TACH = CANON-CKT26-T5-35AE

1N914

1F
AN01 F15

Figure 15

A = 1V/DIV

B = 2V/DIV
AC-COUPLED

C = 5V/DIV
HORIZONTAL = 10ms/DIV

AN01 F16

Figure 16

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