mrmqka mrmqrg isxyf,a iqrlsk iudchla Wfoid jQ

foaYmd,k nqoa fufyjr

isxyf,a ch.%yKh
^isxyf,a wdrlaIdj yd ixjrOkh Wfoid jQ
cd;sl jevms<sfj< i|yd jQ m%;sm;a;s rduqj&

tla rgla''' tla cd;shla''' tla kS;shla'''

2015 cq,s ui 23 n%yiam;skaod"
isxyf,a uykqjr o<od ud,s.dj bmsg
^1815 uykqjr wmg wys l< zisxyf,aZ kej; kug&
isxyf,a ch.%yKhg

rg fjkqfjka''' tla mjq,lska''' tla ckaohla'''

fnd ck fmruqKg
is we;s ish foaYmd,k n,f. z
cd;sl kHdh m;%hlgZ f.dkq lsu Wfoid
cd;sh i n, .kajd zrg yok nqoau;a ck;d fmruqfKaZ
iu;a mqrella jkakg lrkq ,nk f.!rjkSh wdrdOkhhs

fnd n, fiakdf - kd. rdc n<ldh

fnd ck fmruqK
isxyf,a wdrlaIlhd
1

zisxyf,a ch.%yKhZ

^isxyf,a iajhx ksrK whs;sh" wdrlaIdj yd ixjrOkh Wfoid jQ

cd;sl jevms<sfj, i|yd jQ m%;sm;a;s rduqj&
cd;shg bm;a fldg"
ta wkqj cd;sl l;sldj;la ;=<ska
th ck;d wNs,dIfhka ;jrg;a fmdaIKh lsug;a"
bla;sj mq,a ck;d iyNd.S;ajfhka hq;=j
iudc.; fldg m%dfhda.slj
ls%hd;aul lsu i|yd lghq;= lrkq ,nk nj
f.!rj im%hqla;j m%ldY lr iskafkuq'
ck;d iyNd.S;ajfhka ilia lrkq ,nk
fuu jevms<sfj< ls%hd;aul lsu i|yd
cku; uiqula mej;aug
uyck n,mEula isfldg
ksis ck wkque;sfhka hq;=j ls%hd;aul lsug
lghq;= l< hq;= nj wgka lr iskafkuq'
fuu cd;sl m%;sm;a;s rduqj lshjd
yels yeu wjia:djlu
tk" /iaj," idlPdj," OrufoaYkdj,"
f.orfodr yd jevf wd jYfhka jQ O wjia:dj,
rg" cd;sh iq/lSu .ek;a
isxy,hdf.a iajhx ksrK whs;sh wNsudkh yd
fm%!V;ajh kej; ia:dms; lsu ms<sn|j;a"
ft;sydisl cd;sh jQ isxy,hkag
miq.sh Y;l lsysmh ;=< meyer.;a
iajhx ksrK whs;sh h<s w;am;a fldg
is l< widOdrKhkaf.ka frd .; hq;= nj;a
fmr isxyf,a jHjia:dj yd kS;sh ia:dmkh fldg
wdrlaId fldg hqKq l< hq;= nj;a
tu wruqK Wfoid fuu m%;sm;a;s rduqj
Tf nqoafhka yd woyiaj,ska fmdaIKh l< hq;= ksid
wNS; isxy,hl= f,i
fuu cd;sl j.lSu yd hq;=lu bgq lsug
fmruqK .kakd f,i b,a,d isuq'

1' miqu
wm ish fokdu jr;udkfha miq lrkqfha wmf.a
foaYfha" wmf.a cd;sfha ria:;sh inkaOfhka b;du;a
;SrKd;aul hq.hla nj meye,sh' fuu foaYfha ft;sydisl
cd;sh jk isxy,hd wo foaYSh jYfhkq;a" cd;Hka;r
jYfhkq;a O n,mE yd wNsfhda.j,g ,la fjka oe
mSvkhlg yiq fjka iskd nj fkdryils' isxy,hd ish rg
;=< ixLHd;aulj cd;sl nyq;rhla jqjo" wrdcHjdka iska
we;s l< jHqyhka ;=< ysru" Tjqkaf.a Wml%uhkays meye,s
f,i foNskak lru yd fYaIfhka wrdcHhjdka
iska mx lrjk ,o yd O ld,j, ixl%uKh jQ
wisxy, ckjr.j, flaj,a ls yd wjia:djd /j ;=<
w;rux we;s iehls' ish bjis,sjka;lu" iykYS,S nj"
mrdr:ld nj" iqyoYS,S ys;j;alu yd wjxlNdjh ksid
wdr:l" foaYmd,ksl yd ixialD;sl wd jQ O whs;sjdisl
ksis f,i N=la;s ug wjia:d wju jQ" tfukau wisxy,
ck jr.j, n,mEu hgf;a j;a ug isjQ cd;shla njg
m;a j we;' f.da,Sh jYfhka ls%hd;aul jk uQ,H" wdr:l"
iudc" ixialD;sl" foaYmd,ksl muKla fkdj" ;%ia;jdoh
mjd wo isxy, fn!oaOhskag tfrysj ls%hd;aul jk w;r rf
ft;sydisl cd;sh jk isxy, nyq;rhg zf.da,Sh iq;rhlaZ
ug is we;' isxy,hka hkq ,xldf muKla j;a
jk cd;Hka;r jYfhka iq;r cd;shla jk w;r f,dalfha
m%udKd;aul f,i j| ff.k hk cd;shla njg m;a fjka
;sf'
isxy,hska hkq wjqre 2500lg wl ,s; b;sydihla
we;s" jir oyia .Kkdjl b;sydihla we;s cd;shls'
wo wm b;du Nhdkl cd;sl wk;=rlg uqyqK isuq'
Y;l .Kkdjla ;siafia wrdcHjdofhka yd f.da,Sh kj
hg;a;jdoh ksid wo wmg uqyqKug is we;s fuu
wk;=r ksid wfma cd;sh jk isxy,hd;a" wfma rg jk zisxyf,aZ
3

foaYh;a wo b;du;a nrm;< Wjrlg uqyK

q we;' fkka
k" fudfyd;ska fudfyd; fuu Wjr ;jrg;a Ndhkl
ugulg m;a jkjd i fmakf;la udkhl fuu wrnoq fhka
f.dv taug W;aiyd .kakd njlao fmfkkakg fkdue;' fuu
wrnO
q ld jd;djrKh ;=< cd;sl n,f. iu tl;=
h lKavdh iska m%cd;ka;j
% dofha kdufhka f rg ;=<
ksru
dKh lrkq ,enQ foaYmd,k wia:djr;ajh iska fuu
wk;=re iajNdjh b;d by< ugulg m;a lr we;'
wo isxy, cd;sh kdY f ;rckhlg uqyqK foka
is' thg fya;= jQ yd jk lreKq rdYshls'

ld,sx." fpda," fr" mdKavH wd ol=Kq bkah

wdl%uK

mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais" bx.S%is wdl%uK wdl%uK

wm rgg ka g fjf<|df me uqia,s" uef,a

ck fldgia mx u

wrdcHjdka iska j;=lrfha l=,S jev i|yd ol=Kq

bkahdkqka fou< ck fldgia f.k tau

wrdcHjdka iska isxy,hska urd oeu" isxy,

kdhl;ajh rj, lsu" bv w;am;a lr .ekSu" ck
ixhq;sh fjkia lsu" foaYSh ixialD;sfha moku jk
isxy, fn!oaO ixialD;sh rj, lsug yd kdY lsug
lghq;= lsu fukau mr.e;s wruqKq fjkqfjka fmkS
isk foaYSh mka;shla jk zl iqoaokaZ ys lsu

miq.sh oYl lsysmh ;=< 1971" 1989 yd 1970-2009

ld,hka ;=< ls%hd;aul jQ ler,s yd ;%ia;jd Wjre
ksid fYaIfhka Yd, f,i isxy, ;reKhska h
hdu yd frda.S u

isxy, fn!oaOhska ls%ia;shdks wd.ug yerug mD;=.Sis"

,kafoais" bx.S%is hg;a;jdka l< n,mEu
4

isxy, fn!oaOhska b,lal fldg fYaIfhka isxy,hskag

wys;lr ck.yk md,k m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka
ls%hd;aul lsu

isxy, fn!oaOhskag wys;lr fmd kS;s;s

orejka yslsug iqiq jhfia isk ldka;djka iy

ls ujqjreka foaY /lshdj,g msg;a lr yeu ksid
we;sjk iudc .eg yd Wm;a wvq u

;%ia;jd wr., ksid ;reKhska h hdu

wOHdmk l%uh ksid jdy jk jhi m%udo u

wdr:l yd wfkl=;a myiql . ugug ksis f,i

fn fkdhdu yd jer wdl,am

iodpdrd;aul fkdjk wkHd.llrKh

Wm;a md,kh" jkaoHlrKh wd ;;aj ksid ore Wm;a

wvq u

isxy,hkaf.a wdr:lh rj, u

Wiia wOHdmkh rj, u

ySkudkh

olaIhska rg yer hdu

fi!LH msySu

f.da,Sh n,f. cd;sh jekiSu Wfoid ls%hd;aul u

bv ysh yd l+g f,i isxy,hskaf.a bvu w;am;a

.ekSu

isxy,hd kq;k fkdu" oHdj yd ;dlaIKh ksis f,i

fhdod fkd.ekSu ksid zkk isxy, cd;shZ keSu is
fkdu

isxy,hka foaYmd,kslj fnu ksid nyq;rh rj,

u yd iq;rh widudkH f,i n,j;a u

lD;s nyq ixialD;sfha n,mEu

5

f. .sh miq.sh i;<sia jirl ld,mfoh b;d

lk.dgqodhl hq.hls' 1971 wdrN jQ z;reK wr.,hZ
kka ykajka f.k .sh ;%ia;jd ls%hd l,dmh fukau
bka wk;=rej jir 30la ;siafia zfou< uqla;s wr.,hZ
f,i ksrjpkh lrka f.k .sh fou< fnjdofha
;%ia;jd ls%hd l,dmho cd;shg;a rgg;a b;s lf<a lDDr
u;lhls' h<s;a 1988-89 jljdkqf kej; Woa.; jQ ol=fKa
z;reK kesZ o ta w;r mefkhs' tfiau" fuu ;%ia;jd
ls%hdldrl ue~,Sug ks, yuqod yd fmd,sia wxY iska .kq
,enQ kS;suh ls%hdldrl fukau iuyr mdrYaj ls%hd;aul
l< kS;suh fkdjk ieyeislj,o wjidk M,h jQfha
iuia; ,dxlslhkau NS;sfhka hq;=j" wia:djrj j;aug
mgka .ekSuhs' tkhska ixjrOkhg ;snQ il,O wjia:do
wm wys lr .;af;uq' isxy, fn!oaO .%dh ck mokf
;reK W.;a nqoau;=ka Yd, m%udKhla ngysr l=uka;%K
u.ska .ekajQ ler,s ksid isxy, cd;shg wys h'
2009 fou< ;%ia;jd t,a'''B' ixOdkh hqouh
jYfhka mrdch lsfuka miq wm h wdldrhl wiajeis,a,la
,enQjo iudch ;=< jir y;<sylg wl ld,hla ;=< l%lj
ksrudKh jQ O m%pKavld udkisl jHqyhka fukau
ck;djf.a mrudm;Hh h wdldrhlg n,mEulg ,la jk
ck;dj iska ;djld,slj foaYmd,lhskag mjrd fokq ,nk
ck;d n,h O ;,j, foaYmd,lhska iska ish Wreuhla
f,i Nd; lsuo" Is; yd mSvdld rdcH ks,Odjdoho ;=<
ck;dj h mSvkhl j;a jk nj fkdryils'
foaYmd,lhska" ks,Odka" uyck fiajlhska fia ls%hd
lrkjd fjkqjg idudkH ck;dj yd Tjqka w;r b;d Yd,
mr;rhla ksrudKh lr.kska Tjqka i;= n,h ck;djf.a
Y=N isoah fjkqfjka fhu fjkqjg Tjqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl
iqLyrKh i|yd fhdod .ekSu ksoyiska miq jir yeg
.Kkla ;=< cd;sh w;agq i;Hhhs' iudch mqrd me;sreKq
;%ia;jdoh ksid miq.sh i;<sia jirl ld,h ;=< fuu
;;a;ajh ;jrg;a ;Sj% lr we;'
6

ta wkqj m%pKav;ajh" IKh" jxpdj" kdia;sh"

fydrl" uerl rf ixialD;sh njg m;aug ;%ia;jdoh
fukau" Bkshd m%cd;ka;%jdoh;a" ksje/ oelaulska f;drj
jD; wdr:lhg yd f.da,ShlrKhg rg wkdjrKh lsu;a
Rcqj;a jl%j;a odhl we;s nj meye,sh' ir,j m%ldY
l<fyd;a zwOruh iska Oruh hgm;a lr.ekSu;aZ miq.sh
Y;l lsysmh mqrdjg olakg ,enqKq ldrKhls'
hg;a; md,lhka wmg odhdo l< kS;sl%uh yd
wfkl=;a rdcH jHqyhkao ilikq ,enqf isxy,hdf.a iajhx
ksrK whs;sh flf,id Tjqka fhdod .;a fnod fjka lr
md,kh lsf kHdho wmf.a cd;sfha hqKqjg oe ndOdjla
jqjo" Bkshd ksoyiska miq wmf.a md,lhskag wmsgu wkkH
jQ md,khla ilid .ekSug wfmdfydi;a u cd;sfha
wjdikdjls'
wm rf mj;sk isxy, ixialD;sh yd fn!oaO odrYksl
idrOru u; mok jQ rdcH md,kh kdY lsu fuu
.egj,g m%Odk fya;=jla jk neka zmrmqka mrmqrg
isxyf,a iqrlsk iudchlaZ wm iska ksrudKh l, hq;=hs'
ish wd. yd ck jr.j,g ft;sydisl cd;sh jk isxy,hska
yd fiiq iajfoaYsl ckhd iu iekis,af,a j;a h yels
zisxy, uyd iudchlaZ wm iska h<s ia:dms; l< hq;=j ;sf'
hg;a; md,kh iska is lrkq ,enQ je/ wm iska
fkdmudj ksje/ l< hq;=h'
zfnd ck fmruqKZ ys lrkq ,enqfha fuu W;=
mrudr: fmroe lrf.kh' wrdcHjdkaf.a l=uka;%K
kue;s W.=,aj,g yiq" fndre j<j,aj, je bnd.df;a
f.dia r> ld,hla kskaog je we;s ck;djla wj lsu
Ialr lreKls' ta i|yd wmg Bg iqiq iajrhlska l:d
lrkakg isjkjd h yelsh' th cd;sjdohla" m%pKav;ajhla"
;%ia;jdohla f,i ykajkakg wrdcHjd u; orK Bkshd
f.da,Sh iudcfha ksfhda;hska lghq;= l<o tu idjoH
7

m%pdrj,g je wdhqI fkdue;s nj j.lSfuka m%ldY lrkq

leue;af;uq'
wOHdmk ugu by< hehs Wo wekqjo Y%u n<ldfhka
10]lg wl msila yd fYaIfhka ldka;djka ueofmr.g
hjd wdodh Wmhk rgla njg wm m;a we;' id
,efnkafka k ;reKhskaf.ka 95]lg jvd msgrg mxhg
hdug iqodk jQ rgla wmg wo ys we;' ish ydks lr
.ekSj,ska by<u m%;sY;hla wm ys lrf.k we;' ;jo"
fi!LH lafIa;%fha iudc orYl by< ugulhehs m%ldY
jqjo" rg ;=< hjehdj" yoj;a frda. yd fYaIfhka jl=.
vq frda.h b;d YS>%fhka jHdma; fjka ;sf' fuu frda.
fukau u;ajHo isxy, cd;sh jekiSu msi fhdod .;a j
wh' fufia fndfyda foa .ek m%ldY l< yelsh'
ta w;r rf j;ajk N= mq;%hska jk isxy,
fn!oaOhskaf.a wNsudkh | oeug lghq;= is fjka mj;S'
ish lfIa;% wkjYH f,i foaYmd,kSlrKh ulao wms
olskafkuq' mj;sk Bkshd m%cd;ka;%jdoh ;=< ft;sydisl
cd;sh jk isxy, fn!oaOhd yeugu iq ckjr.j, mohg
kegefjk ;;a;ajhla Wod we;s w;r" ta wkqj m%cd;ka;%jdoh
ilS%hj nyq;rh ksfhdackh lsu i|yd ls%hd;aul fkdu
lk.dgqodhl ;;a;ajhls' isxy, fn!oaOhd ;uka id;sYh
nyq;rh yd ft;sydisl cd;sh jk rgla ;=< isr is' iqoaoka
iska ksrudKh l<" l iqoaoka iska fmdaIKh lrkq
,enqjd jQ jHqyhka" kS;srduq yd ka;khka ;=< wms isr
iskafkuq' idudkHfhka m%cd;ka;%jdoh ls%hd;aul jkafka
nyq;rhg ys;lr f,ih' tfy;a" wm rf nyq;rhla jQ isxy,
fn!oaOhskag ys;lr f,i m%cd;ka;%jdoh ls%hd;aul fkdf'
iqoaoka iska fnod fjkafldg md,kh lsf W.=f,ka
ksoyia ug" iqoaod wm oudf.dia oYl yh y;la .; fjoaj;a
fkdyels we;' isxy,hd" isxy, cd;sh .ek l;d lrk g
th zcd;sjdohZ f,i;a uqia,s - v wka;jdka cd;sjdoh
jmqrk g th ziq cd;sl whs;sjdislZ f,i olajd iudc
8

u;hla we;s lsug Bkshd mr.e;s ckudOH b;d iqlaIauj

lghq;= we;af;uq'
1948 wm wrdcHjdkaf.ka ksoyi ,ef l<
hq;=j ;snqfKa 1815 Tjqka iska wfmka ,nd .;a rg kej;
,nd .ekSuh' tk wfmka Wrd .;a Wreuhka kej; kd
.ekSuh' tfy;a' is we;af;a hg;a; md,kh iska
ksrudKh lrkq ,enqjd jQ kS;s" wdh;k yd jHqyhka ;=<
isr j;a jk kj hg;a; rduqjlg fldgq is;k l
iqoaoka /,la iska md,kh lrk zwmg wys wfma rglZ
j;a jkakg isuh'
1948 miq ld,h ;=< wm rg hqKq lr .ekSug wmg
fkdyels h' jir 70lg wdikak fuu ld,h ;=< je
ld,hla .; jQfha fnjd igka" is,a wr., wd wrnqo
iugh' 1948 tal mqoa., wdodhu weuldkq fvd,r 90g
wvq jQ iajNdl im;a wju jQ isx.mamqrej wo jk g th
fvd,r 60"000g wdikak m%udKhlg je lr .ekSug iu;a
fjoa wfma rgg tu ld,h ;=< fvd,r 90 isg je lr.; yels
jQfha fvd,r 3000 olajd mu' ka woyia jkafka isx.mamqre
cd;slhl= jirlska ,nk wdodhu ,eug isxy,hl= jir
20la .; l< hq;= njh' wm h h lfIa;%j, fYaIfhkau
f.da,Shj ms<s.;a orYlhkag wkqj iudc ixjrOk b,lal
<d lr .;a;o f.da,Sh wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK h yels
Yla;su;a mqrjeishka ksrudKh lr .ekSug wfmdfydi;a
iskafkuq'
zfnd ck fmruqfKaZ wms h;a lrka iskafka
zisxy,hd ksoyia cd;shlaZ njg m;a lsug;a" zisxy,hdg
ksoyia rglaZ kd ug;a i|yd jQ ft;sydisl igkls'
isxy,hd kf kj cd;sl uqla;s mqkreo jHdmdrhls' wo
wm is lrkqfha mlaI - mdg - l=, jYfhka fnod fjka lr
fNao fldg we;s zisxy,hd tlai;a lsfZ ft;sydisl j.lSu
bgq lsuh'
9

fuu wysxidjd ksrdhqO jHdhduh fldhs f,ilska

fyda wisxy, ckjr.j,g ysyer lsu" h .ekau" Tjqka
fjkiafldg ie,lSu fyda iudcfhka fldka lsu msi jk
jevms<sfj<la f,i O mdrYaj ksrjpkh lsug lghq;=
l<o th wi;Hhls' fuh yqfola isxy,hdg wys lrk ,o
cd;sl Wreuh h<s ,nd .ekSu msi jQ iajhx ksrK whs;sh
ms<sn| wr.,hls' isxy,hd n,j;a u hkq fiiq ckjr.
ish,a,o iqrlaIs; u wfma w;S; w;aoelSuhs'
th yqfola uE; ld,Sk foaYmd,k" wdr:l" iudh
ikaOrNhka ;=< w.;shg md;%j we;s isxy,hd Yla;su;a
lru;a" oefha;a iiqfka;a wNsjDoah msiu mu' flfia
fj;;a fuh myiq ls%hdoduhla fkdjk nj wms mey,sj
oksuq' th Wvq.x n,d msyskSula nj" tk mfida;.d
.ukla njo wms oksuq' isxy,hd /lSug th tfia ls%hd l<
hq;= njo" th l< yelafla yd lrkq ,nkafka isxy, wm ygu
yd wm iskau nj;a m%ldY lr iskafkuq'

2' zisxyf,a wmg we;s ztlu rgZ wk;=fr

f rg" oeh" iuh frd .ekSug we;s wjidk wjia:djhs'
isxy, fnjdka" fou< wka;jd fn jdka yd uqia,s
wka;jd fnjdka we;= fnjdka iska wfma ujqu
fnod fldgia lsf ls%hdoduhl ld,hla ;siafia ksr;j we;'
miq.sh Y;l lsysmhla ;siafia isxy, cd;sh m%udKd;aulj
yd .=Kd;aulj rj, lsf l=uka;%Ko ls%hd;aul fjka
mj;S' fuu Wjrej,g iu.dj isxy, cd;sfha wNsudkj;a
moku jQ wm ieug ksOdkhla jeks jQ nq oyu yd fn!oaO
ixialD;sh kdY lsf lghq;=o is flfrka mj;S' rf
wkkH;dj jQ" rf mru Okh jQ" jir oyia .Kkla ;siafia
jejhs od.enhs ;=<ska f.dvkd .;a wfma cd;sl Wreuh jQ
fn!oaO ixialD;sh wo kdY lrka ;sf wmg wys lrka
mj;S' ish,a, msgqmi mr.e;s ngysr n,f. Okfhka yd
n,fhka uey;aj isk meye,sh'
10

ta ish,a,gu jvd ksoyiska miq wfma rg ksis f,i

ixjrOkh lsug wfma md,lhska wfmdfydi;a we;'
whdmkh fi!LH" wdodh W;amdokh" lDIslruh" wdydr
imdokh wd jQ ish lafIa;% oe wrnqOld ;;a;ajhlg
m;a lr we;'
isxy, cd;sh f.da,Sh iq;rhlaj ish ujqf wkd:hska
njg m;a fjka ;sf' isxyf,a N= mq;%hska rlskakg
Tjqkaf.a nyq;r ckaofhka m;a jQ fndfyduhla uka;S%jreka
lghq;= fkdlrk nj miq.sh oYl lsysmh ;=< meye,sj
olakg ,enq' Tjqka cd;sfha .eg i|kjd fjkqjg ish
fm!oa.,sl kHdhm;%j,g jev lrk nj b;d meye,sh'
z;uka yd mlaIh kjkZ foaYmd,kfha isg zrg
kjkZ foaYmd,khg fukau z80] ;ukau .ek is;kZ
foaYmd,kh fjkqjg z80] rg .ek is;kZ foaYmd,kh wkqj
rg fjkqfjka lem jev l< yels" ish wdldrfha iudc
fnjdoj,g yd m%pKav;ajhg tfrysj cd;sl wdrlaIdj"
ixjrOkh yd iduh m%uqL;djfha i,lk cd;sl Wreuhka
iq/lSug fmruqK .kq ,nk cd;sl kdhlhska wo wmg
w;HjYHj we;' tjeks ck;d kdhlhska f;dard m;a lr
.ekSug lghq;= lsu wo cd;sl j.lSu we;'
3' iu - fnd ck fmruqK - foaYmd,khg m%;shla'''
.=Kd;aul m%fYhla''' jD;a;Suh mokula'''
f rf ienE whs;slrejka jQ isxy,hska rj, u"
rf YsIagdpdrh ksrudKh l< fn!oaO Ydikh msySu
jeks lreKq ksid wd.l wka;jdka" iudc fnjdka
yd ;%ia;jdka yg wfma rg rj, lsug" rg fnug yd
rg kdY lsug meye,s wjia:djla ksrudKh we;' ta
wkqj rg ;=< ksrudKh lr we;s foaYdmd,k wia:djr;ajh
iska isxy,hskag f,dalfha we;s tlu rg oekgu;a W;=re
11

kefkysr m%foaY wisxy,hskg ys we;' isxy,hskaj

m,jd yer we;'
nyq;rhla jk isxy,hska ish kscf wkd:hska njg
m;a we;' W;=re kefkysr m%foaYo isxy,hskaf.a kscu nj
m%ldY lsu mjd wka;jd ls%hdjls' isxy,hskaf.a whs;sjdisl
.ek l;d lsu mjd zlDr cd;sjdohZ f,i yqjd olaj;s' isxy,
Pkaofhka m;a jQ md,lhskaf.a wkque;sfhka m%cd;ka;%jdoh
IKh lrka lghq;= lrka is' tjka mirhla ;=<
miq.sh jir ;=kla jQ fl ld,hla ^2012-2015& ;=< rf
n,j;au cd;sl n,f.h njg m;a jQ fnd n, fiakdj
b jir 10 ;=< ^2015-2025& rf ;SrKd;aul foaYmd,k
n,f.hla f.dvkeSu i|yd ish cd;sl n,f. iu.
ikaOdk .; zfnd ck fmruqKZ kka nqoau;a ck;d
jHdmdrhla ;=<ska zrg rlsk" rg yokZ kj foaYmd,k
ixialD;shla ys lsug lghq;= fhdod we;'
rg oeh iuh rlskak" rg yokak fo " rj,
we;s nyq;r isxy,hd tlai;a fldg Yla;su;a lsug
ish cd;sl n,f. zcd;sh f.dv keSfZ fmd cd;sl
foaYmd,ksl kHdh m;%hla fjkqfjka tla udj;lg f.k
tau fukau" jHjia:dodhlh ;=< isxy, iajhx ksrK whs;sh
fgkqfjka isxy, kdhlhska fmkS fkdisk miqul ish
ujqf wkd: fjka isk isxy, fn!oaOhska fjkqfjka
mdr,sfka;=j we;= ish md,k ug ;=< fmkS isug"
y~ keSug" igka lsug lKavdhula m;a lr .ekSu hk
wruqKq fjkqfjka zfnd ck fmruqKZ lghq;= lrkq we;'
fuys

isxy,hdf.a wdr:l Yla;sh f.dvkeSu

isxy,hdg ft;sydislj is lr we;s je/ yd

widOdrKhka ksjer lsu

isxy, fn!oaO ixialD;sh rf hqKqj msi jQ

ksOdkhla" im;la njg m;a lsu
12

uq,sl fldg .kska isxy, fn!oaOhdf.a f.!rjh

wNsudkh kej; f.dvkd isxy, cd;sh" nqoaO Ydikh"
zisxyf,aZ foaYh wdrlaId lsu fjkqfjka zfnd ck
fmruqfKaZ foaYmd,k jHdmdrh lghq;= lrkq we;'
fnd n, fiakd foaYmd,k fmruqK tlai;a ,xld uyd
iNdj we;= cd;sl n,f. iu tlaj zfnd ck fmruqKZ
f,i wo Tn bhg tkafka rg f.dvkeSf wruqka" ish
wdldrfha cd;s fo" wd. fo jeks ish iudc fnjdohka"
wka;jdohka yd m%pKav;ajhka mrod isxy, cd;sh tlai;a
fldg iEu mqrjeishl=f.au udkj whs;Ska rlska wNsudkj;a
cd;shla f.dvkeSf mfida;.d foaYmd,k jevms<sfj<
f,ih' th myiq lghq;a;la fkdf' th w;sYh Ialr
.ukls' wo 2015 mdr,sfka;= ue;sjrKfha wm ;nkafka
tu Ialr .ufka uq,a mshjrhs' fnd n, fiakdf zkd. rdc
n,ldhZ jk fnd ck fmruqfKa wfmalaIdj jkqfha 2025
jk g cd;sl foaYmd,kfha ;SrKd;aul n,f.h fjka
b oYlh ;=< cd;sh in, .kajd wfma rg" cd;sh" wd.u
wdrlaId fldg rg hqKq lsuhs'
fnd ck fmruqfKa foaYmd,k jHdhduh my;
oelafjk uq,sl ls%hdoduhka m%jrOkh lrkq ,ef'

rf talShNdjh" cd;sl wdrlaIdj yd foaYmd,k

ia:djr;ajh uq,sl lr .ekSu

foaYmd,lhskaf.a mqoa.,sl wruqKqj,g uq,a ;ek u

fjkqjg rf ixjrOkhg uq,sl;ajh u

cd;s fojd" wd. fojd yd fjk;a iudc fnjd

ms<sfj;a iys; foaYmd,kh mrod cd;sl iu.sh
jrOkh lrkq ,nk ksje/ jQ;a M,odhS jQ;a iudc
taldnoaO;djhla ia:dms; lsu

m%pKavld yd wka;jd ms<sfj;a iys; foaYmd,kh

mrod ksje/ iduld m%cd;ka;%jd mirhla ys
lsu
13

m%cd iyNd.S;ajh yd m%cd ugf isg cd;sl ugu

olajd mxp n, ksfhdackh iys; m%cd;ka;%jd
foaYmd,k ls%hdoduhla m%jrOkh lsu
foaYSh yd m%cd wdr:lh Yla;su;aj f.da,Sh wNsfhda.
ch.; yels idudc iqnidOkh wdrlaId lrkq ,nk
fjf<|fmd< wdr:lhla fjkqfjka fmkS isu
pdrYS,S jQ oHd;aul ka;kh m%jrOkh lrka
kj oHdj yd ;dlaIKh rf ixjrOkhg ksis f,i
fhdod.ekSu
tl rgla" tl cd;shla" tl kS;shla hk ixl,amh
Yla;su;a lrka ieu rgjeishl=f.au udkj
whs;sjdisl iqrlsk ieug idOdrKh bgq lsu
wdydr yd fmdaIKh" ksjdi" fi!LH" wOHdmkh yd
jfkdamdh wd jQ uq,sl ksia wjYH;djka ms<sn|
ie,lSf ieug iudk wjia:d Wod lsu
rf iajdNdl im;a ksis m Nd; fldg Yla;su;a
lrudka; moaO;sh we;s lsu ;=<ska kj cd;sl
wdr:lhla f.dvkeSu
;reK Y%u Yla;sh" keK Yla;sh ksis f,i fhdod
.kska ls%hdYS,S w.yslka f;dr n,j;a mrmqrla
ksrudKh lsu
rf b;sydih yd ixialD;sh lsisjl=g;a widOdrKhla
fkdjk f,i wdrlaId fldg mj;ajd .ekSu Wfoid
foaYSh Wreuh" l,dj yd ixialD;sh ixjrOkh fldg
wdrlaId lsu
rf meje;aug" ixjrOkhg yd cd;sl wdrlaIdjg
ys;lr jk oHd;aul mokulska hq;=j lghq;= lrk
foaY m%;sm;a;shla mj;ajdf.k hdu
yqfol,d jQ;a" ys;=jlald jQ;a foaYmd,k ;SrK .ekSu
j<lajd,Su Wfoid ienE ck;d iyNd.S;ajfhka ilia
lrkq ,nk Orh cd;sl m%;sm;a;s u; msysgd oi
rdc Oruh wkqj lghq;= lrkq ,nk rdcH md,khla
ksrudKh lsu
14

4' m%fYh
zfnd ck fmruqfKaZ foaYmd,k hdhdufha wruqKq
folls
zisxyf,aZ wdrlaIdj
zisxyf,aZ ixjrOkh
fuu wruqKq fol bgq lr .ekSu msi zisxyf,a
cd;sl;ajhZ iudc.; lsu yd zisxyf,a cd;sl wNsudkhZ
f.dvkeSu Wfoid mlaIfha u;jdoh iudc.; lsug yels
iEu wjia:djlu fnd ck fmruqK lghq;= lrkq we;'
fuu wruqKq bgqlr .ekSu Wfoid ztla cd;shla" tla
rgla' tla kS;shlaZ hk moku u;

i;=g m%d.aOkh jQ" wjia:d yd im;a idOdrK f,i

fn hk m%cd iyNd.S;ajfhka Orhj ls%hd;aul
jk fn!oaO idrOru u; mok jQ zoHd;aul cd;sl
ixjrOk jevms<sfj<laZ

ue ms<sfjf;ys msysgd oHd;aul ka;khlska

lghq;= lrk" fn!oaO idrOru wkqj lghq;= lrkq
,nk ;drlsl" nqoau;a" ls%hdYS,S" ksrudKYS,S" wdorh
yeSj,ska msmqka rgjeishka j;ajk iduld kj
iudchla

ieug idOdrKh bgq lsu msi iudk wjia:d

Wod lsu msi z.=Kj;a" keKj;a" n,j;aZ uyck
fiajd kdhlhska ^foaYmd,lhska&" uyck fiajd
l<ukdlrejka ^rdcH ks,Odka& f.ka hq;a oi rdc
Orufhka kdhl;ajh fokq ,nk yd l<ukdlrKh
lrkq ,nk rchla

uq,sl fldg wmf.a zfoaYmd,k nqoa fufyjrZ

ls%hd;aul jkq we;'

15

5' fhdackd
5'1 zisxyf,aZ kej; kd .ekSu

1815 %;dkH iska zisxyf,aZ k jQ wmf.a foaYh

w;am;a lr .ekSug fmr ;snq ;;a;ajhka kej; isxy,
fn!oaOhskag ,nd .; yelsjk m isxy, fn!oaOhskaf.a
wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsu'

oekg f.da,Shj isjk fjkial yd fYaIfhka

f.da,Sh wNsfhda. yuqf f.da,Sh iq;rhla u ;=<
isxy, fn!oaOhskag uqyqK ug is we;s widOdrKl
ie,ls,a,g f.k isxy, fn!oaOhskaf.a wdrlaIdj
;yjqre lsu'

rdcHfha ku - rdcHfha ku f,i 1815 g fmr ;snQ rf

ku zisxyf,aZ f,i kS;s .; lsu' isxyf,a ku mjd
isxy,hskag wys lr fhdok ,o ,xld ^bx.S%isfhka
isf,daka" miqj ,xld& ku fjkqjg kej;;a isxyf,a
^isxyf,a ckrch fyda isxyf,a foaYh& f,i k lsu
yd rf ku ish NdIdj,ska fmd f,i WpdrKh
lsug ie,eiau hq;=h'

1815g fmr yd 1948 Tijk ,o zisxyZ fldh cd;sl

fldh f,i kS;s .; .; lsu'

rf j;a jk cd;sh zisxyf,aZ cd;sh f,i kej;

ia:dms; lsu'

cd;sh - isxyf,a j;a jkafka tlu cd;shla mu'

ta isxyf,a cd;sh mu' isxy, fn!oaOhka foaYfha
ft;sydisl cd;sh jYfhka ms<s.; hq;=h' ;jo" NdId
moku i,ld n,d isxyf,a fou< ckjr.hlao
iajfoaYS NdIdj l;d lrk isxyf,a iajfoaYS ckjr.ho
wd jYfhka isxyf,a O ckjr. j;a h yelsh'
wd. mok lrf.k isxyf,a fn!oaO" isxyf,a yska"

16

isxyf,a lf;da,sl" isxyf,a ls%ia;shdks" isxyf,a bia,d

hk wd.l lKavdh mej;sh yelsh' ck fldgia
ms<sf.k Tjqkaf.a NdId yd wd.l whs;Ska udkj
whs;sjdisl ms<s.ekSu'
z isxyf,aZ N+ mq;%hska ksis f,i ksrjpkh fldg
Tjqkaf.a wdrlaIdj yd fmdaIKh rdcHfha ^isxy,
foaYfha& m%Odk j.lSula jkakd jQ kS;s rduqjla ilia
lsu'

hg;a; md,lhska iska ykajd fok ,o ish m<d;a"

ia;s%la" m%dfoaYSh N+f.da,Sh fn rf ixjrOkhg yd
wdrlaIdjg wjYH m oHd;aul mokulska hq;=j
kej; m%;sjHqy.; lsu'

cd;sl fldh - isxyf,a cd;sl fldh 1815g fmr

;snq zisxy fldhZ f,i kej; ms<s.ekSu' cd;sl
fldh Nd;h ms<sn| ksje/ udrf.damfoaY ilia
l< hq;=h' cd;sl fldh lsis fgl;a w,xldr lsu
fyda fudaia;r f,i Nd; lsu fyda kqiqiq ia:dkj,"
kqiqiq wjia:djkays Nd;h ;yk l< hq;=h' cd;sl
fldh tajdg ksis f.!rjh ,nd ksis f,i muKla
Nd; l< hq;=h'

talSh rdcH ixl,amh - isxyf,a talSh rdcHhla f' rg

fnu fyda tfia yefk lsis woyila m%ldYhg m;a
lsu yd lsis wdldrhlska lghq;= lsu imqrd ;yk
f'

isxy, ck.ykh Yla;su;a ck fldgila f,i

foaYShj;a" cd;Hka;r jYfhkq;a wNsudkfhka keS
isu msi lghq;= flfr'

isxy, ck.ykh m%udKd;aul jrOkhla ;=< mj;ajd

.ekSug wjYH mshjr .ekSu'

17

cd;sl .Sh - isxy, NdIdfjka muKla .ehSu l< hq;=h'

th lsis gl;a lsis fjkia ula iys;j Nd; lsu
imqrd ;yk flfr'

rdcH NdIdj - isxy, NdIdj rdcH NdIdj f'

5'2 isxyf,a ixjrOkh lsu

oHd;aul rdcH md,khla''' .=Kj;a" keKj;a" n,j;alka
imsreKq rdcH md,khla'''
iu;=,s; jHqyhla ;=< ls%hd;aul jk ck;d ys;jd Odhlh"
jHjia:dodhlh" wlrKh'

rdcH m%;sm;a;s fufyhef idrOru - isxy, foaYfha

rdcH md,k" fmd mmd,k yd ixjrOk lghq;=
fn!oaO idrOru yd m%;sm;a;s u; msysgd is l< hq;=h' ta
wkqj Wla; lghq;= i|yd fn!oaO idrOru yd m%;sm;a;s
m%Odk m%jdyhg tla lsug ieu wjia:djlu lghq;=
lsu wksjdrh f'

m%cd;ka;%jdj" ir," m%dfhda.sl" oHd;aul wdKavql%u

jHjia:djla ilid ish fokdf.a iyfhda.fhka
ls%hd;aul l< hq;=h' fuys 1815 isg f olajd
isxy, fn!oaOhskag lrk ,o je/" widOdrKl" /
jj,ska jQ ydksh wju lr .ekSu yd lv lrk
,o fmdfrdka bgq lr .ekSu ms<sn| fYaI wjOdkh
fhduq l< hq;=h' isxy, fn!oaOhskag ;%YS,S jQ kj
wdKavql%u jHjia:djla ilia flfr'

mq,a ck;d l;sldj;lska miqj jirla ;=< wfma rgg

.e<efmk kj wdKavq l%uhla ilia fldg ls%hd;aul
l< hq;=h' fuu jHjia:dj ish fokdg meye,sj
f;are .; yels f,aLkhla f,i ir,j" ;drlslj
yd oHd;aulj ilia fldg jHjia:dj oekf.k
18

;su" f;ref.k ;su yd ta wkqj lghq;= lsu

rgjeis ieuf.a j.lSula njg m;afldg ta wkqj
iEu rg jeishl=f.au whs;sjdisl iqrlaIs; jk m
jHjia:dj ilid ls%hd;aul flfr' wkjYH f,i
ixlSrK ;;a;ajhg m;a lr we;s jHjia:dj ir,
uyck ,she,a,la njg m;a flfrkq we;' f,i ilia
flfr'

oekg ls%hd;aul ish wK mk;a yd wdh;k ms<sn|

mq,a urYkhla isfldg ft;sydisl cd;shg ys;lr
f,i tu wK mk;a yd wdh;k kej; ia:dms;
flfr'

rf jHjia:dodhl n,;, zcd;sl uyck ksfhda;

iNdjZ i;= f' f olajd ls%hd;aul jk mdr,sfka;=f
lghq;= wjYH ixfYdaOkj,g hg;aj cd;sl uyck
ksfhda; iNdjg mjrkq ,nk w;r" ta wkqj oekg
mj;sk mdr,sfka;=j wfydais jkq we;' mdr,sfka;=
uka;S% hk moh zcd;sl uyck ksfhda;Z f,i k
flfr' cd;sl uyck ksfhda; iNdj zby< uyck
ksfhda; uKav,hZ yd zmy< uyck ksfhda;
uKav,hZ jYfhka ugu follska hqla;j ls%hd;aul
flfr'

my< uyck ksfhda; uKav,h - uyck

ksfhda;jreka 200 fofkl= uy ue;sjrKfhka cd;sl
uyck ksfhda; iNdf my< uyck ksfhda;
uKav,h f,i f;dard .efka'

by< uyck ksfhda; uKav,h - rf ixjrOkhg

wjYH ish jD;a;Sh oekqu yd l=i,;d ksfhdackh"
ish ckjr. ksfhdackh i,ld n,d O foaYmd,k
mlaIj, Wmfoia yd Tjqkaf.a iuia; Pkao m%;sY;hka
yd m%K jD;a;Sh ixOdkj, Wmfoia i,ld n,d zmxp
n,f.Z j, ksfhdackfhka by< uyck ksfhda;
19

uKav,h i|yd uyck ksfhda;jreka 100 fofkl=

m;a lrkq ,ef'

rcfha m%Odkshd w.ue;sjrhd jkq we;' w.ue;sjrhd yd

wud;H uKav,h iska rf md,kh uyck fiajh yd
tys fiajlhska fhdod is lrkq ,ef' cd;sl uyck
ksfhda; iNdf my< yd by< uyck ksfhda;
uKav,j, je nyq;rhlf.a iydh ,nd .; yels
foaYmd,k mlaIfha uyck ksfhda;hd w.ue;sjrhd
f,i m;alrkq ,ef'

ksfhdacH w.ue;sjrhd - cd;sl uyck ksfhda;

iNdf my< yd by< ksfhda; uKav,j, leue;a;
wkqj w.ue;sjrhdg miq j je leue;a; ,nd .; yels
ksfhda;hd" ksfhdacH w.ue;sjrhd f,i k lsfuka
wk;=rej m;a lrkq ,ef'

rcfha wud;H uKav,h lek uKav,h muKlau

h hq;= w;r" tu msi ;sia fofkl=g ^30& je fkdjk
f,i jHjia:dfjka kS;s mekeh hq;=h' fuu wud;H
uKav,h ;=< m<d;a ixjrOkh Ndr weue;sjreo
we;=<;ah'

jr;udkfha ls%hd;aul jk Odhl ckdm;s OQrh b

jir yh we;=<; wfydais flfr' tfia lsug m%u:u
miq.sh oYl lsysmhla ;=< ia:dms; lr we;s fnjd"
wka;jd yd ;%mia;jd lghq;=j, fh isk fyda Bg
wkqn, fok ish wdh;k yd jHqyhka kej; we;s
fkdug lghq;= lsu m%uqL;djla f,i i,ld wjidk
Odhl ckdm;sjrhd iska lghq;= l< hq;=h'

iuia; rdcH l%uh m%;sixialrKh fldg oHd;aul

mokula u; ish rdcH wdh;k m%;sjHqy.; lsug;a"
ir, wdKavq l%u jHjia:djla ykajd ug;a mshjr
.efka'
20

m<d;a md,k wdh;k zm%dfoaYSh uyck ksfhda;

uKav,Z f,i m%;sixOdkh lrkq ,ef'

mmd,kuh jYfhka n,h fnod yeu ish hq;= nj

ms<s.kq ,nk w;r" th ish hq;af;a mq,a m%cd;ka;%jd
rduqjla i fuu lD;s m%cd;ka;%jd rduqj ;=<
fkdf' m<d;a md,k wdh;k ^k.r iNd" m%dfoaYSh
iNd& Yla;su;a lsu yd n,h uOH.; lsu" rgg
wkjYH nf,ka mgjkq ,enQ m<d;a iNd l%uh wfydais
lsug mshjr .kq ,ef' m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,g
n,h mejfrk f,i rdcH yd foaYmd,ksl n,h uOH
.; lrkq ,ef' mdi,a wOHdmkh" fi!LH wd lghq;=
ixjrOkh yd mj;ajd .ekSu m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,
wlaIKh hgf;a is jkq we;'

rf oekg mj;sk ue;sjrK l%uh imqrKfhkau

m%m;sixOdkh lsu yd kj ue;sjrK l%guhla
ia:dms; lsu l< hq;=h'

m%dfoaYSh uyck ksfhda; uKav, ue;sjrKh yd cd;sl

uyck ksfhda; iNd ue;sjrKh tla ue;sjrKhla
^uy ue;sjrKh& h hq;= w;r" th uy ue;sjrKh
f,i k l< hq;= h' bx.S%is md,lhska iska rgg
fkd.e<fmk f,i ilia lr we;s m<d;a" ia;s%lal
yd m%dfoaYSh udb rf ixjrOkhg wod< jk m
kj ksrKdhl hgf;a m%d;sixOdkh l< hq;=h' ish
wxYj, m<d;a" ia;s%la yd m%dfoaYSh fn tl;shlg
f.k wd hq;=h' uy ue;sjrKfha wod< ue;sjrK n,
m%foaYfhka jeu Pkao .kq ,nk mqoa.,hd tu m<d;a
md,k tallfha m%dfoaYSh uyck ksfhda; uKav,
m%Odkshd ^k.rdm;s$m%dfoaYSh iNdf iNdm;s& fukau
wod< m%foaYh ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk cd;sl uyck
iNdf uyck ksfhda;hd f,i m;a flfr'

21

ish ugj, ue;sjrKj,g ;r. lsf

wfmalaIlhska yg uQ,sl Wmdhla fyda ta yd iudk
ms<s.;a wOHdmk fyda jD;a;Sh iqiqlula ;su wksjdrh
l< hq;=h' O lafIa;% ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk ms<s.;a
oeye mqrjeishka foaYmd,khg f.k tau m%jrOkh
flfr'

cd;sl uyck ksfhda; iNdjg m;ajk ksfhda;hska

mQrK ld,Skj tu ldrhh i|yd fhh hq;= w;r"
fjk;a iud. fyda jD;a;Shj, ksr; fkdh hq;=h'
Tjqka IKhg yd jxpdj,g fhduq ug we;s bvlv
je<elau i|yd by< jegqma f.h hq;=h' foaYmd,kh
uqo,a yn lsf yd n,h fmkaf l%ufohla f,i
jr;udkfha mj;sk ;;a;ajh ke;s lsu i|yd ls%hd
flfr'

uyck uqo,aj,ska lrkq ,nk ixjrOk ls%hdj, ish

foaYmd,k wruqKq i|yd W;aij meje;au yd m%pdrl
lghq;= is lsu fukau" fYaI mqjre ilsu ;yk
lsug lghq;= flfr'

wud;H uKav,j,g m;alsf ms<s.;a YajoHd,j,

oHdm;s fyda wdpdrh Wmd ;su wksjdrh flfr'
lafIa;%j, m%Khka yd w;aoelS we;s rg hqKq l<
mqoa.,hska muKla m;a flfr'

rcfha /lshd ,nd u iqiql u; ;SrKh h hq;=

w;r" foaYmd,k iy wfkl=;a ys;j;al u; yd
w,a,ia u; isu je<elaug mshjr .; hq;=h'

uyck ksfhda;hska iska rcfha ;k;=re i|yd ish

{d;Ska m;alsf cd;sl uyck ksfhda; iNdj
oekqj;a lr fYaI wkque;sh hgf;a is l< hq;=h'

wd.l yd ckjdr.sl uQ,hka mok lr.;a fnjdoh

;u kHdhm;%h lr.;a ish foaYmd,k mlaI ;yk
22

l< hq;=h' rg fnug fyda rg ;=< ck jdr.sl yd

wd.l moku u; l,dm b lsug lghq;= lrk
ish ixOdk yd jHdmdr ;yk flfr'

ish ue;sjrKj, ish wfmalaIl ,ehsia;=j, fy<

is;aj,ska ims ldka;d ksfhdackh 50]la h hq;=h'
tu wjYH;dj iemsu i|yd ;Ska bm;a lsu
je<elaug mshjr .efka'

ish ue;sjrKj, ish wfmalaIl ,ehsia;=j,

wjqre 40g wvq ;reK ksfhdackh 50]la h hq;=h'
tu wjYH;dj iemsu i|yd ;Ska bm;a lsu
je<elaug mshjr .; hq;=h' wkjYH f,i ;Ska
foaYmd,khg inkaO lr .ekSu i|yd foaYmd,{hska
iska iodpdr imkak f,i iajhx jdrK we;s lr
.ekSu yd rgjeishka iska tjeks ;s foaYmd,kh
m%cd;ka;S%h f,i m%;slafIam lsu m%jrOkh flfr'

ukqIH;ajh uQ,sl lr .;a kS;s moaO;shla yd ukqIH;ajh

u; mok kS;sh mis|,k wlrK moaO;shla
ia:dms; l< hq;=h' O foaj kS;Ska rgl kS;sh njg
m;af ck;d mrudm;Hh kdY ug yd ta ;=<ska
m%cd;ka;%kjd rduq kdY ug we;s bvlv ke;s
flfr'

rdcH fiajh" foaY fiajh" fmd,sia fiajh" hymd,k

mslaiq fiajh" wlrK fiajh yd ue;sjrK fiajh
jeks wxYj, iajdk;ajh iq/lSu i|yd iajdk
fldIka iNd ls%hd;aul flfr'

rf kS;s moaO;sh imQrKfhkau m%i;sixOdk lrkq

,nk w;r" iEu fokdgu fmd kS;shla we;sjk m
oekg ;sfnk ish wd.l yd mqoa., kS;s l%u wfydais
l< hq;= w;r" tys ft;sydisl cd;sfha wdrlaIdj yd
meje;au ;yjqre u w;HjYH f,i i,lkq ,ef'
23

rg ;=< tla kS;s moaO;shla muKla ls%hd;aul lrkq

,nk w;r" oekg mj;sk iuia; kS;s moaO;shu
m%;sixialrKh fldg jvd;a ir," ck;d ;=re
wlrK l%uhla ykajd ug mshjr .efka'

lsis mqrjeishl=g lsis ;k;=rla ksid fYaI jrm%ido

ys fkdh hq;= w;r" Tjqka ish fokd kS;sh bfha
iudk f,i ie,lSug lghq;= flfr'

ishu foaYmd,lhskag Wiia wOHdmkh wksjdrh lsu

yd ta i|yd wjYH wOHdmkh yd wLKav mqyqKqj ,nd
u msi myiql ,nd foa'

fmd,sia ^is,a wdrlaIl fiajdj& fiajdj m%;sjHqy.;

lsu' ck;d ;%YS,S uyck idu fiajhla f,i
m%KjrOkh lsu' my< fY%aj, fmd,sia ks,Odkaf.a
.egj,g blauka i ,nd u' Tjqkag Wiia
wOHdmkh ,eug we;s wjia:d mq,a flfr'

;s%O yuqodf wNsudkh wdrlaId lsu" ;s%O yuqodj

rf wdrlaId lghq;=j,g fukau rf ixjrOk
lghq;=j,g ilS%hj iyNd.s lr .efka'

rf wdr:lh" ixialD;sh wdrlaId lr .; yels m

cd;sl nqoa fiajd Yla;su;a lsug lghq;= flfr'

5'4 isxyf,a in, .kajk ixjrOk jevigykla

i;=g
m%d.aOkh
jQ
cd;sl
ixjrOk
jevms<sfj,la

rf ixjrOkh i|yd jvd;a m%dfhda.sl jQ;a" oHd;aul

jQ;a" taldnoaO jQ;a m%fYhla .ekSug lghq;= flfr'

ixjrOkfha m%.;sh uekSf i;=g mru Okh fh hk

nqoaO jpkhg wkqj kj ksrKdhl hgf;a ixjrOkh
we.ehSug Wkka flfr'
24

rf ixjrOkh i|yd m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka ilia

lsf fn!oaO idrOru yd m%;sm;a;s u; msysgd lghq;=
l< flfr'

b jir iai i|yd cd;sl ixjrOk oelaula"

wNsu;dr: yd jevms<sfj<la ilid wkqj ilik cd;sl
kHdhm;%hla ck.; l< hq;=h' rf ish wdh;k"
ixOdk" mqrjeishka ta b,lalh fj; Ydk; flfr'

oHd;aul m%d;sm;a;s u; msysgd ilia fldg ls%hd;aul

lrkq ,nk wOHdmk yd udkj im;a ixjrOkh"
fmdaIKh" fi!LH fiajd yd mjq,a Y=NidOkh" lS%vd yd
fkdaodxY" foaYSh f.d;ek" mirh iq/lSu" hym;a
fn!oaO wdr:lhla" uyck fiajdjla" uyck wdrlaIl
fiajdj" udr. yd m%jdyk fiajd" cd;sl wdrlaIdj"
foaY fiajdj yd foaYhkays j;ajk isxy,hska ms<sn|
lghq;=" cd, l,ukdlrKh - .x.d" je wuqKq" c,dY
u;a f,i ixjrOkh" m%cd ixjrOkh" .%dh yd
kd.l ixjrOkh" udOH" ikaksfok yd f;dr;=re
;dlaIK" foaYSh iajdNdl im; u; mok jQ
lrudka; ixjrOk" wdfhdack m%jrOk wd lafIa;%
hgf;a cd;sl ixjrOk jevigyka" mq,a uyck
l;sldjla Tiafia jirla ;=< ilia fldg bm;a
lsug lghq;= flfr'

wOHdmkh
wdl,am" oekqu yd l=i,;d hk wxY ;=fkka iunr rgg
jevodhl .=Kj;a keKj;a yd n,j;a rgjeishl= ksrudKh
lr .ekSu msi iuia; wOHdmkh l%uhu m%;sjHqy.; .;
flfr' ta wkqj lsis rgjeishl=g w.;shla fkdjk m
wd.l" NdId wd jQ O iudc fnjdoh jmqrk rgg
wdmodjla njg m;a we;s wOHdmk l%uh mq,a taldnoaO
wOHdmk l%uhla f,i fhdackd flfr'
25

iEu .ulgu by< .=Kd;aul njlska hq;a uq,sl

mdi,la ,nd u

iEu mqoa.,hl=gu Wmdhla ,nd .ekSug wjia:d Wod

lsu

wjqre 16 jk g Wmdhla fyda fjk;a Wiia

wOHdmkhla ,eu werh yels m wOHdmkh
m%;sjHqy.; lsu

mrfhaIK lafIa;%h m%jrOkh lrk wOHdmkhla

kfjda;amdok m%jrOkh lrk wOHdmkhla

rf wdr:lh yd noaO jQ wOHdmkhla

uyfmd<" YsIH wdOdr yd Kh by< ugulg f.k

tu

remjdyskS we;= ckudOH wOHdmkh i|yd ksis f,i

fhdod .ekSu

<ud yd ;reK wiykh ;=rka lrk wOHdmkhla

;u rg yd cd;sh .ek wNsudkhla cks; lrjk

wOHdmkhla

fi!LH
foaYSh" ngysr" rdcH" fm!oa.,sl wd jYfhka ls%hd;aul
jk fi!LH fiajd taldnoaO fldg zrgjeishdf.a mru
wdhqld,h je lsu yd kSfrda.SluZ uq,sl b,lal lr .;
ck;d ;=re fi!LH fiajdjla ia:dms; flfr'

fi!LHg rlaIK l%uhla iEu rgjeishl=gu ,nd

.ekSug wjia:d ksrudKh lsu

hjehd" yoj;a frda." jl=.vq frda." ms<sld jeks

oreKq frda.j,ska fmf<k wh ms<sn| fYaI wjOdkh
fhduq flfr
26

Wla; frda. rg ;=< je f m%jK;dj wju lsug

lghq;= lsu

fi!LH ms<sn| oekqu" wjfndaOh yd f;dr;=rej,ska

ck;dj in, .ekau

m%ckk fi!LH yd ,sx.sl wOHdmkh hqKq lsu

mdi,a yd
m%jrOkh

YajoHd,

;=<

fi!LH

wOHdmkh

m%cd fi!LH jevigyka Yla;su;a lsu

rg ;=< by< .=Kd;aul Ndjhlska hq;a T!IO ksIamdokh

lsu

wdhqrfo ksIamdok ixjrOkh flfr' ta i|yd fYaI

l,dmj, T!IO me<E j.d lsu jHdmdl ugka
m%jrOkh flfr

wdydr mdk

cd;sfha fmdaIKh kd,k ji fika f;dr ksis

fmdaIKfhka hq;a fi!LH imkak wydr mdk f,la
,nd .ekSug wjia:d yd myiql we;sfldg ixjrOkh
lsu
foaYSh wydr ixialD;sh m%jrOkh fldg wdydr
iaffjNdjh we;s lrkq we;

we me,
ck;djg oeh yels ,lg by< .=Kd;aul Ndjhlska
hq;a we me, ,nd .ekSug wjia:d yd myiql
we;sfldg ixjrOkh lsu

foaYSh we me, m%jrOkh

27

ksjdi
iEu mjq,a tallhgu ksjila ,nd .ekSug we;s wjia:d
m%jrOkh
ksjdi b ls m<,sn| m%;Ska m%jrOkh

wdr:l jYfhka msvd k lKavdhj,g ksjdi b

lsf iyk ,nd u

ksoka.; mam;alu ke;s lsu

jir 10la ;=< ksoka.; mam;alu ke;sfldg wdl,am"
oekqu" l=i,;d jrOkh fldg Tjqka cd;sl wdr:lfha ilS%h
fldgialrejka njg m;a lr .ekSug lghq;= lrkq ,ef'

wodh W;amdokh$jfkdamdh ixjrOkh

Y%u n<ldhg wh;a ish fokdg fyd| /lshdjla"
fyd| wdodh udr.hla" jfkdamdhla ,nd .ekSug wjia:d
Wod lsu' ta i|yd jfkdamdh ixjrOk wldhla ia:dms;
flfr'

m%jdykh
by< .=Kd;aul Ndjhlska hq;a fmd uyck m%jdykh
idOdrK ,lg ,nd .; yels m ish m%jdyk fiajd
taldnoaO lrkq ,ef'

udr. moaO;sh
rf ish m%Odk k.r hd flfrk wf.S udr.
moaO;shla ia:dms; lrkq ,ef'

28

,s n,h
rf iu m%foaYhlgu yd ksjilgu myiqfjka ,s
n,h ,nd fokq we;' ta i|yd c,h" iq<" iQrh" uqyq r<
wd jQ fidnd oyf Yla;sh fhda.H f,i fhdod .kq we;'

mdkSh c,h
.=Kd;aul mdkSh c,h ,nd .ekSug we;s whs;sh
iqrlaIs; lrka ksis f,i c, l<ukdlrKh fldg ieug
msis mdkSh c, myiqlu ,nd fokq we;'

rl:k yd o;a; ikaksfok myiqlu

rl:k yd o;a; ikaksfok wjYH;d uq,sl ksia
wjYH;djla f,i i,ld ixjrOkhg fuu im;a Nd;
l< yels mirhla ksrudKh flfr'

foaYSh lrudka; yd jHjidhl;ajh

foaYSh jHjidhlhska m%jrOkh flfr' foaYSh lrudka;
wdrlaId lsug lghq;= flfr' /lshdj wju lsu Wfoid
/lshd W;amdokh yd jfkdamdh ixjrOkh" jHjidhl;ajh
ixjrOkh msi lghq;= lrkq ,ef' cd;sl ugf yd
.%dh ugf we;s ish iajNdl im;a wuqjH f,i
fhda.H m fhdodf.k foaYSh" fYaIfhka .e wdr:lh
hqKqjg lghq;= lrkq ,ef' Tjqkag uQ,H" ;dlaIl yd
wfkl=;a myiql ksis m ,nd ixjrOkh lsu Wfoid
m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka ilikq ,ef'

29

rcfha ho
rcfha ho wvq lsu" rcfha lghq;= m%udoh" kdia;sh"
jxpd yd IK wju ls msi lghq;= flfr'

foaY wdfhdack
foaY wdfhdack rf foaYSh lrudka;" fidnd oyug
yd ixialD;shg ydks fkdjk f,i m%jrOkh flfr'

lS%vd yd fkdao f wjia:d

rf mirhg" ixialD;shg" wdr:lhg ydks fkdjk
f,i ck;djg fkdao ug we;s wjia:d je lrkq ,ef'

l,dj" idys;H
;%mg" kdgH" rx.k yd idys;H lghq;= m%jrOkhg
wjYH myiql jrOkh lrkq ,ef'

foaYSh lDIslruh
ji i ke;s wdydr ksIamdokh msi foaYSh c
m%jrOkh" ldnksl f.d;ek m%jrOkh wdh ms<sn| fYaI
wjOdkh fhduq flfr'

jej yd jdudr.
rf iuia; je moaO;shu klrKh fldg .%dh
f.d;eka yd jfkdamdh ixjrOkhg mshjr .kq ,ef' ta
i|yd fYaI wldhla ia:dms; flfr'

30

fidnd oyu cd;sl wkd.;h fjkqfjka iqrlaIs;

lsu yd ksis m fhdod .ekSu
mirh iq/lSu yd iajNdl im;a u;= mrmqr
fjkqfjka b;s lrka iq/lSu rcfha fukau uyck;djf.a
j.lSula jk w;r ish wkjir b lsu yd mir
kdYhka kej;aug jydu lghq;= lrkq ,ef' mdil
im;a Bkshd ngysr ;dlaIKfhka uqf.k rf ixjrOkh
msi ;srir f,i fhdod .kq we;'

ieug idOdrKh yd y~la

j;auka iudcfha m%udKj;a f,i ie,lSug ,la fkd
we;s iudc fldgiaj,g y~la ug" Tjqka fjkqfjka fmkS
isug fukau Tjqka i|yd m%;sm;a;s imdokhg wjYH ish
lghq;= fjkqfjka lghq;= lrkq we;'

ldka;d lghq;= - ldka;djka ngysr ldka;d uqla;s

lD;sfhka uqf.k foaYSh l=, l; ixl,amfhka
Ydld mrmqrl ksrudKh fldg iudch ;=< f.!rjkSh
;;ajhla we;s lsu yd Tjqka ish fokd rf wdr:lh
;=< ilS%h f,i fhdod .ekSu' ldka;djka .Dy fiajh
msi foaY.; u jir 5la ;=< kej;au yd Tjqkag
rg ;=< f.!rjkSh f,i wdodh ,nd .ekSug wjia:d
Wod lsu'

<ud lghq;= - ore oehka cd;sl im;la f,i i,ld

<ud ixjrOkh yd <uhskaf.a woyiaj,g .re lrk
iudchla yd hdka;%Khla we;s lsu'

;reK lghq;= - ;reKhd rf ixjrOkfha m%Odk

fldgialrejl= lr.kq ,nk ;reK ixjrOkhla
ls%hd;aul lsu'

31

jeys lghq;= - jeys msiaj,g fcHIaG mqrjeishka

f,i f.!rjkSh f,i j;a ug mirh ksrudKh
lsu'

wdnd;hka iqrlaIs; lsu - O fya;= ksid wdnd;

;;a;ajfha miqjk yels ieu fokd ixjrOkh odhl
lr .ekSug lghq;= fhu" wOHdmk yd mqyqKq wjia:d
je lsu" wfkl=;a msia n,d .ekSu msi myiql
ie,eiau'

ckudOH
udOHhg kj mKla foka ngysr .;s udOH l%ufohka"
nys; fldg udOH cdjrlrejkaf.ka frdf.k ixjrOk
ys;ld ienE ck udOHhla ys flfr'
udOH ksoyi iqrlaIs; lrkq ,nk w;r" tys
udOHfkaf.a iajdk;ajh yd f.!rjh wdrlaId lsug
lghq;= lrkq we;' bf,lafg%dksl udOH Nd;fha yd mqrjeis
udOHlrKfha .=Kd;aul Ndjh jrOkhg mshjr .kq ,ef'
foaYmd,lhskaf.a yd jHdmdlhskaf.a wkjYH n,mEj,g
,la jk udOHfka ksoyia lr .ekSug yd wdrlaIdj
fjkqfjka lghq;= lrkq ,ef'
ishu udOHfkag Wiia wOHdmkh wksjdrh lsu
yd ta i|yd wjYH wOHdmkh yd wLKav mqyqKqj ,nd u
msi myiql ie,iSu'

32

5'5 ue ms<sfjf;ys nei.;a ;drlsl" nqoau;a"

pdrYS,S" ls%ohdYS,S yd ksrudKYS,S wjxl wdor
.=K hq;a kj iudchla'''

hym;a iudchla ia:dms; lsu i|yd mkais,a iqrlsk"

wdrh wIagdx.sl udr.h wkqj ue ms<sfj;ska lghq;=
lrk cd;shla ys lsu msi lghq;= l< hq;=h'

h rgla ;=< hym;a md,khla yd Orh ixjrOkhla

we;s lsu msi tu rg ;=< Odrl ck;djla ish
hq;=h' md,lhska Odrl u msi ck;dj Odrl
uo" ck;dj Odrl u msi md,lhska Odrl
uo w;HjYHu idOlhls'

wmf.a rg idufhka yd iuDoafhka fukau i;=ka

j;ajk ck iudchla iys; f,dalfha hqKq rdcHla
njg m;a lsu'

.j >d;kh rg ;=< ;yk lsu" ish wdldrfha

i;aj ysxikhka kej;aug lghq;= lsu'

wd.l fnjdoh u; mok jQ ish fjf<| jHdmdr

yd l%ufohka ;yk lsu'

w,a,ia yd IKh msgq oelSu'

u;ajH Nd;h" fn lu" mdkh msgq oelSu yd

ck;dj frd .ekSug mshjr .ekSu'

isxy,hdf.a wdr:l Yla;shg n,mdk O iajrEmj,

iq l%uj,ska ck;dj frd .ekSug mshjr .ekSu'

<ud wmfhdackhg yd ,sx.sl ysxikhg oe o~qj

u'

u;ajH Nd;hg yd cdjdr lrejkag oe o~qj

,nd u'

33

is;aj,g mqre jQ msia mkai, fj; f.kajd .ekSug

yd Tjqka fyd| ug .ekSug lghq;= lsu'

isr.; jQjka yd nkaOkd.dr .; jQjka hyug

.ekSug yd Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, msia fkdug hdug
we;s wjia:d wju lsu'

6' N+ldj
zfnd ck fmruqKZ iska wo k bgq lrka iskafka
jir 400lg wl ld,hla ;siafia wrcHjdka ^iqoaoka&
iska ksrudKh lr miqj foaYSh kj hg;a; md,lhska
iska ^l iqoaoka& iska fmdaIKh l< isxy, fn!oaO frda
foaYmd,kh fjkia lrka" f rf ft;sydisl cd;sh jQ
isxy,hskag b;sydih ;=< lrk ,o widOdrKhg tfrysj
igka lrka" isxy, fn!oaOhskag wys l< zisxy,;ajhZ kej;
kd ug lrkq ,nk mfida;.d ^Wvq .x n,d msyskSu& jQ
cd;sl j.lSuls' th wmyiq jQ;a ixlSrK jQ;a tfukau l,a
.;jkakd jQ;a Ialr ls%hdoduhla nj wms fydkau okakd
w;r" fuu cd;sl ksoyia wr.,h fjkqfjka uq,sl mokula
oeug wmg yels jkq we;'
cd;Hka;r l=uka;%K yd jHjia:d wrnqo we;= Odldr
jQ miqu ;=< ksrudKh we;s 2015 uy ue;sjrKh zisxyf,a
rdcHhZ kej; kd .ekSu msi wm iska h;a lr we;s kj
ksoyia mqkreo wr.,hg w;sYh ;SrKd;aul lvbula f,i
olsuq' jir 30lg wdikak ld,mfohla ;=< ls%hd;aul jQ
fnjd l=re ;%ia;jdoh mrod rg ;=< ksoyfia j;aug
mirhla ksrudKh fldg rf m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul
ixjrOkhla is fjka mj;sk fuu wjia:df 2015
uy ue;sjrKh ;SrKd;aulh' ;%ia;jdoh mrdch l<o th
we;sl< u;jdoh yd th ksrudKh l< cd;Hka;r fmruqK
mrdch l< hq;= fudfyd;l yd ieug fi; i,ik zisxyf,a
34

foaYmd,k u;jdohZ ch .ekSu msi moku Yla;su;a

lrkq ,nk fudfyd;l fuu fhda; ue;sjrKh meye,sj
;SrKd;aulh' jir 400la ;=< ys miq.sh jir 60lg
wl ld,hla jrOkh jQ m%pKav;ajh h muKlg wju
fjka mj;sk tfy;a" ks,Odjdoh by<u ugulg m;a
we;s foaYmd,lhskaf.a n,h wkjYH f,i flaka u
md,kh lsu wmyiq fudfyd;l" IKh" kdia;sh yd jxpd
md,kh lsu rj,j we;s fudfyd;l" jrOkh we;s mjq,a
foaYmd,kh l<ukdlrKh lsu Ialr we;s fudfyd;l"
kS;sh ls%uhd;aul u Yla;su;a fkd we;s fudfyd;l"
wkHd.l ;%ia;hska cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka n,j;a
we;s fudfyd;l fuu ue;sjrKh foi fnd ck fmruqK
i,ld n,kafka isxyf,a rdcHh kej; kd .ekSu msi wm
iska h;a lr we;s kj ksoyia mqkreo wr.,h flfrys is
jk n,mEu uq,slj mok lrf.kh'
2015 uy ue;sjrKh bm;a we;s m%Odk wfmalaIlhska
yd Tjqka ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk foaYmd,k jHdmdr fnd
ck fmruqfKa leue;a; fkdjk w;r" wfma rg meye,sj
hqKq l< yels isxyf,a rdcHh ksrudKh lsf wr.,hg
kdhl;ajh h yels ienE cd;sl kdhl;ajhla wm i;=j
we;' g jir 200lg fmr 1815 is jQ l=uka;%Kj,
is jQjla fuka fuu cd;sl kdhl;ajh ;sf.hsu kdY
lsug bv ug wm iqodk ke;' wm iska ksrudKh l<
kj cd;sl mqkreo jHdmdrh kdY lsug i;=rdg bv ug
wm blauka fkdh hq;=h'
fnd ck fmruqK nyq;r ck;djf.a wfmalaIdjla
fjka mj;sk fudfyd;l isjk fuu ue;sjrKh ksid
ksrudKh we;s zfndre jf<aZ je kdY ug we;s bvlv
ms<sn| j f;are .ekSug fnd ck fmruqK meye,sj mK;
we;s neka isxyf,a rdcHh ys lsu Wfoid jQ moku
wdrlaId lsu wmf.a mru hq;=lu yd j.lSu nj wms oksuq'

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Bkshd m%cd;ka;%rjd l%ufo fya;=fjka rf ft;sydisl

cd;shg ;sh hq;= tfy;a" wys lrkq ,enQ" tfy;a" iq ckjr.
iska jrm%oidohla lrf.k N=la;s k zrcqka ;ekSfZ n,h
rf ft;sydisl cd;sh jQ isxy,hskag ys fjka mj;sk
fudfyd;l" fn fjka we;s isxy,hska tlai;a f Njh
ksrudKh we;s fudfyd;l wm ish fokd lghq;= l<
hq;= jkafka b;du;a ;drlsljh' pdrYS,Sjh' nqoau;ajh'
fuh yeSnrj fyda fm!oa.,sl wruqKq fmroe lrf.k
lghq;= l< hq;= fudfyd;la fkdf'
2009 l=re ;%hia;jdoh wjika l< fudfyd;
isxyf,a foaYmd,kfha ch.%yKhla fkdjqKo ta i|yd
mokula oeug wjia:djla lr .ekSug h n,f. .kq ,enQ
W;aiydhla m%;sm,hla f,i fnd ck fmruqK foaYmd,k
jHdmdrhla f,i wo ys we;' jir 30la ;siafia hqoaOh
;=< ksy~j jefvka ;snQ isxy, fn!oaO frda" iuia;
f,dalhgu ms<s,hla jk uqia,s wka;jdoh yd ;%ia;jdoh
we;= ish wd.l wka;jdohka yd ;%ia;jdohka meye,sj
olskakg;a" th mrdch lsu Wfoid igka lrkakg;a 2009
miq ys jQ fuu iduld mirh ys;lr h' 2009 ;%ia;jd
hqoaOh wjika fkdjqKd k wo k brdlfha fyda ishdf
isjk ;;a;ajhka fyg k furg is ug ish Njhka
;snq'
2009 l=re ;%ia;jdoh wjika jqjo tys foaYmd,k
fmruqK yd cd;Hka;r fmruqK mrdch lsug rchka
wfmdfydi;a jQjd muKla fkdj" n,h Wfoid rg" cd;sh
yd wd.u mdjd h yels" Wlia l< yels wmf.au f,i
fmfkk cd;sl n,f. iu tlaj th Yla;su;a lsug
.kq ,enQ W;aiydhka ykd fkd.ekSug ;r wm%fi
h' rj, h' tfy;a" fuu ;;a;ajh fydka f;are
.;a nqoafhka yd Wmdhudr.slj lghq;= l< fnd ck
fmruqK fnjd foaYmd,k l=re ;%ia;jdofha foaYmd,k

36

fmruqK yd cd;Hka;r fmruqK mrdch lsug muKla

fkdj" f,djgu ms<s,hla we;s wd.l wka;jdohka yd
;%ia;jdohka meye,sj fy<sor lsug;a wmf.a ch.%yKh
i;=re n,f. merou muKla fkdj" isxyf,a ch.%yKh
lrd fufyhu nj f;re f.k ls%hdYS,S ug;a fmruqK
f.k we;af;uq' ta wkqj isxyf,a rdcHh kej; kd.ekSu
fjkqfjka jQ wr.,hg wm kdhl;ajh foka iskafkuq'
wm iu cd,.; h hq;= iuyr kdhlhska yd ixOdk f
wjia:df ish fm!oa.,sl kHdhm;%j,g wkqj hka lghq;=
lsu z<ore j,smamqjlaZ f,i i,lkq ,nk w;r" Tjqka jydu
ksje/ udj;g wj;SrK fkdjqKfyd;a ck;dj iska Tjqkag
ksis f,i m%;sldr lrk nj wmf.a Yajdihhs'
2015 uy ue;sjrKh ms<sn|j fnd ck fmruqK ish
ixOdhlhska yd m%Odk odhlhska iu cd;sl jYfhkq;a
cd;Hka;r jYfhkq;a .eUqre f,i idlcd l< w;r fnd
ck fmruqfKa zfoaYmd,k uKav,hZ my; oelafjk ;Skajg
t<fUk ,'
2015 uy ue;sjrKh hkq isxy,hdf.a" fn!oaOhdf.a
muKla fkdj" iuia; rg jeishdf.au meje;aug n,mE
we;s l< yels fYaIfhka zieug fi; ie,ish yels
isxyf,a rdcHh ia:dms; lsfZ moku kdY lsu flfrys
;SrKd;aul n,mEula we;s l, yels ixia:dkhla f,i
ie,lsh hq;=h' wmf.a W;= wruqK ch.%yKh lsu Wfoid
mokula we;s iduld mirh kdY fldg zcd;sfojd
;%ia;jdohZ yd zwd.l ;%ia;jdohZ ysi tiug bv fok
cd;Hka;r l=uka;%Khla ls%hd;aul lsug fhdod .; yels
fldjla f,i fuu uy ue;sjrKh olsk neka fuu
l=uka;%rKh fy<sor lsug;a" tu l=uka;%Kh mrdch
lsug;a tu wruqKq Wfoid fnd ck fmruqK i;= iudc
m%d.aOkh we;= ish Njhka uqod yeug;a" ta ;=<ska ieug
fi; ie,ish yels isxyf,a rdcHh ia:dms; lsu Wfoid jQ

37

wr.,h Yla;su;a lsug Wodjk ieu ;;amrhlau fhdod .;

hq;=h' ta i|yd fhda.H ish n,f. talrdYS lsug;a lghq;=
l< hq;=h' fuu zcd;sl foaYmd,ksl fufyjrZ Wfoid rf
we;s ish NslaIQkajykafia,d yd ish fn!oaO ydria:dk
flaka fldg.;a zisxyf,a rdcHh kfZ igk ;=<ska 2015
wf.daia;= 17 jk k mej;aug fhda; 2015 uy ue;sjrKh
fuu zcd;sl l=uka;%KhZ merou msi zm%cd;ka;%jd jQ
ck wr.,hlaZ lrka f rf rcqka ;ekSf kdhl;ajh
NslaIqkajyfia,df.a wdYSrjdofhka rf ft;sydisl cd;sh jQ
isxyf,a N+ mq;%hska Wreu lr ug fnd ck fmruqK iska
fmruqK .; hq;=h'

7' werhqu
isxyf,a wmg wfma ka;kh wys lr we;
wys lrka mj;S
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wys lrka mj;S'
isxyf,a wmg wfma wdydr mdk wys lr we;
wys lrka mj;S
isxyf,a wmg wfma fjolu fyolu wys lr we;
wys lrka mj;S
isxyf,a wmg wfma f.d;ek wys lr we;
wys lrka mj;S'
isxyf,a wmg wfma ft;sydisl wys lr we;
wys lrka mj;S
fldkau isxyf,a wmg wfmalu wys lr we;
wys lrka mj;S
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wys lrka mj;S'
bjiqjd we;s
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38

isxyf,a wmg we;s tlu rg wk;=fr' f rg rlskak

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lrkakg" isxyf,a hqKq lrkakg tlajkak" fmrg tkak
rg wdrlaId lsu yd hqKq lsu Wfoid cd;sfha cdk
fjkia lsu l< yels z.=Kj;a" keKj;a" n,j;aZ kdhlhska
wjYH lr we;s neka bfha ish ue;sjrKj, Tf
jkd ckaoh Nd; lsug m%:u wod< mlaI yd wfmalaIlfhda
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wfmalaIlhska muKla f;dard .kak'

f rg" oeh" iuh frd .ekSug we;s

wjidk wjia:djhs'

39

ish uiS i|yd(

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fjkqfjka 2016 bm;a lrkq ,nk zisxyf,a ch.%yKh
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