Problem 604

Determine the magnitude of the resultant, its pointing, and its

direction cosines for the following system of non-coplanar concurrent
forces. 200 lb (4, 5, 3); 400 lb (6, 4, 5); 300 lb, (4, 2, 3).

[MODE] 8:VECTOR 1:VctA 1:3

VctA = [ 4 5 -3 ]
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 2:Data 2:VctB 1:3
VctB = [ -6 4 -5 ]
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 2:Data 3:VctC 1:3
VctC = [ 4 -2 -3 ]
Resultant R
R = 200(VctA Abs(VctA)) + 400(VctB Abs(VctB)) + 300(VctC Abs(VctC))
[AC] 200 [ ( ] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 3:VctA [ &divide] [SHIFT]
[hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 3:VctA [ ) ] [ ) ] [ + ] 400 [ ( ]
[SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 4:VctB [ &divide] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT]
[5:VECTOR] 4:VctB [ ) ] [ ) ] [ + ] 300 [ ( ] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR]
5:VctC [ &divide] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 5:VctC [ ) ]
[)]
R = [ 62.46 212.32 -479.91 ]

answer

For the magnitude of the resultant:

[AC] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ].
R = Abs(VctAns) = 528.48 lb
answer
For the direction cosines:
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs]
[SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ].
= VctAns Abs(VctAns)
= [ 0.1182 0.4018 -0.9081 ]

answer

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Problem 603
Determine the magnitude of the resultant, its pointing, and its direction cosines for the following
system of non-coplanar concurrent forces. 100 lb (2, 3, 4); 300 lb (3, 4, 5); 200 lb, (0, 0, 4). - See
more at: http://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/problem-603-resultantconcurrent-forces-space#sthash.XMaGcmZk.dpuf

[MODE] 8:VECTOR 1:VctA 1:3

VctA = [ 2 3 4 ]
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 2:Data 2:VctB 1:3
VctB = [ -3 -4 5 ]
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 2:Data 3:VctC 1:3
VctC = [ 0 0 4 ]
Resultant R
R = 100(VctA Abs(VctA)) + 300(VctB Abs(VctB)) + 200(VctC Abs(VctC))
[AC] 100 [ ( ] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 3:VctA [ &divide] [SHIFT]
[hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 3:VctA [ ) ] [ ) ] [ + ] 300 [ ( ]
[SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 4:VctB [ &divide] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT]
[5:VECTOR] 4:VctB [ ) ] [ ) ] [ + ] 200 [ ( ] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR]
5:VctC [ &divide] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 5:VctC [ ) ]
[)]
R = [ -90.14 -114 486.41 ]

answer

For the magnitude of the resultant:

[AC] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ].
R = Abs(VctAns) = 507.66 lb
answer
For the direction cosines:
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs]
[SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ].
= VctAns Abs(VctAns)
= [ -0.1776 -0.2246 0.9581 ]

answer

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Centroids of Composite Figures

Center of gravity of a homogeneous flat plate
Wx=wx
Wy=wy
Centroids of areas
Ax=ax
Ay=ay
Centroids of lines
Lx=lx
Ly=ly

Center of Gravity of Bodies and Centroids of Volumes

Center of gravity of bodies
Wx=wx
Wy=wy
Wz=wz
Centroids of volumes
Vx=vx
Vy=vy
Vz=vz

Centroids Determined by Integration

Centroid of area
Ax=baxcdA
Ay=baycdA
Centroid of lines
Lx=baxcdL

Ly=baycdL
Center of gravity of bodies
Wx=baxcdW
Wy=baycdW
Wz=bazcdW
Centroids of volumes
Vx=baxcdV
Vy=baycdV
Vz=bazcdV
Centroids of Common Geometric Shapes
Rectangle

Area and Centroid

A=bd
x=12b
y=12d

Triangle

Area and Centroid

A=12bh
y=13h

Circle

Area and Centroid

A=r2
x=0
y=0

Semicircle

Area and Centroid

A=12r2
x=0
y=4r3

Semicircular Arc

Length and Centroid

L=12r2
x=2r
y=0

Quarter Circle

Area and Centroid

A=14r2
x=4r3
y=4r3

Sector of a Circle

Area and Centroid

A=r2rad
x=2rsin3rad
y=0

Circular Arc

Length and Centroid

L=2rrad
x=rsinrad
y=0

Ellipse

Area and Centroid

A=ab
x=0
y=0

Half Ellipse

Area and Centroid

A=12ab
x=0
y=4b3

Quarter Ellipse

Area and Centroid

A=14ab
x=4a3
y=4b3

Parabolic Segment

Area and Centroid

A=23bh
x=38b
y=25h

Spandrel

Area and Centroid

A=1n+1bh
x=1n+2b
y=n+14n+2h

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Problem 602
Determine the magnitude of the resultant, its pointing and its direction cosines for the following system
of non-coplanar, concurrent forces. 300 lb (+3, -4, +6); 400 lb (-2, +4, -5); 200 lb (-4, +5, -3). - See
more at: http://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/problem-602-resultantconcurrent-forces#sthash.u6ZTQXMB.dpuf

MODE] 8:VECTOR 1:VctA 1:3

VctA = [ 3= -4= 6= ]
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 2:Data 2:VctB 1:3
VctB = [ -2= 4= -5= ]
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 2:Data 3:VctC 1:3
VctC = [ -4= 5= -3= ]
Resultant R
[AC] 300 [ ( ] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 3:VctA [ &divide] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs]
[SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 3:VctA [ ) ] [ ) ] [ + ] 400 [ ( ] [SHIFT]
[5:VECTOR] 4:VctB [ &divide] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR]
4:VctB [ ) ] [ ) ] [ + ] 200 [ ( ] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 5:VctC [ &divide]
[SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 5:VctC [ ) ] [ ) ]
The calculator will display the right hand of the equation below. Press [ = ] to get the resultant.

R = 300(VctA Abs(VctA)) + 400(VctB Abs(VctB)) + 200(VctC Abs(VctC))

R = [ -117.16 226.29 -152.53 ]

answer

For the magnitude of the resultant:

[AC] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ].
R = Abs(VctAns) = 296.98 lb
For the direction cosines:
[AC] [SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ] [SHIFT] [hyp:Abs]
[SHIFT] [5:VECTOR] 6:VctAns [ ) ].
= VctAns Abs(VctAns) = [ -0.394 0.762 -0.514 ]
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Compound Interest
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In compound interest, the interest earned by the principal at the end of each interest period
(compounding period) is added to the principal. The sum (principal + interest) will earn another interest
in the next compounding period.
Consider $1000 invested in an account of 10% per year for 3 years. The figures below shows the
contrast between simple interest and compound interest.
At 10% simple interest, the $1000 investment amounted to $1300 after 3 years. Only the principal
earns interest which is $100 per year.

At 10% compounded yearly, the $1000 initial investment amounted to $1331 after 3 years. The interest
also earns an interest.

Elements of Compound Interest

P = principal, present amount
F = future amount, compound amount
i = interest rate per compounding period
r = nominal annual interest rate
n = total number of compounding in t years
t = number of years
m = number of compounding per year

i=rm and n=mt

Future amount,
F=P(1+i)n or F=P(1+rm)mt
The factor (1+i)n is called single-payment compound-amount factor and is denoted by (F/P,i,n).
Present amount,
P=F(1+i)n
The factor 1(1+i)n is called single-payment present-worth factor and is denoted by (P/F,i,n).
Number of compounding periods,
n=ln(F/P)ln(1+i)
Interest rate per compounding period,
i=FPn1
Values of i and n
In most problems, the number of years t and the number of compounding periods per year m are
given. The example below shows the value of i and n.
Example
Number of years, t=5 years
Nominal rate, r=18%
Compounded annually (m=1)
n=1(5)=5
i=0.18/1=0.18
Compounded semi-annually (m=2)
n=2(5)=10
i=0.18/2=0.09
Compounded quarterly (m=4)
n=4(5)=20
i=0.18/4=0.045
Compounded semi-quarterly (m=8)
n=8(5)=40
i=0.18/4=0.0225
Compounded monthly (m=12)

n=12(5)=60
i=0.18/12=0.015
Compounded bi-monthly (m=6)
n=6(5)=30
i=0.18/6=0.03
Compounded daily (m=360)
n=360(5)=1800
i=0.18/360=0.0005
Continuous Compounding (m )
In continuous compounding, the number of interest periods per year approaches infinity. From the
equation
F=(1+rm)mt
when m, mt=, and rm0. Hence,
F=Plimm(1+rm)mt
Let x=rm. When m, x0, and m=rx.
F=Plimx0(1+x)rxt
F=Plimx0(1+x)1xrt
From Calculus, limx(1+x)1/x=e, thus,
F=Pert
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Problem 001-mm
The structure shown in Fig F-001(MM) is pinned together at points A, B, and C and held in equilibrium
by the cable CD. A load of 12,000 lb is acting at the midpoint of member AB, and a load of 8000 lb is
applied at point C. Determine the reaction at A, the internal force in member BC, and the tension on
cable CD.

a=16cos30=13.86 m
b=16sin30=8 m
c=atan37=13.86tan37=10.44 m

Tension on cable CD
MA=0
(Tsin53)(8+10.44)=8000(13.86)+12000(4)
T=10788.47 lb

answer

Reaction at A
MD=0
Ax(8+10.44)=8000(13.86)+12000(4)
Ax=8616.05 lb
FV=0
Ay+Tcos53=8000+12000
Ay+10788.47cos53=8000+12000
Ay=13507.34 lb
RA=Ay2+Ax2
RA=8616.052+13507.342
RA=16021.38 lb

tanAx=AyAx=\defrac13507.348616.05
Ax=57.47
Thus, RA = 16 021.38 lb at Ax = 57.47 with the horizontal.

answer

Force on member CD
tan=813.868
=53.78

MA=0
(FBCsin)(8)=12000(4)
(FBCsin53.78)(8)=12000(4)
FBC=7437.21 lb tension

answer

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Problem 007-cb
In the structure shown in Fig. CB-007(FR), members BCE, and CD are assumed to be solid rigid
members. Members AE and DE are cables. For this structure, determine the
reaction at B.

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MB=0
24(213T)=12000(10sin53)
T=7198.80 lb
FH=0
BH=213T
BH=213(7198.81)
BH=3993.18 lb

answer

FV=0
BV=313T+12000
BV=17989.77 lb

answe

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Problem 006-fr
In the structure shown in Fig. P-006(FR-H), all members are assumed to be solid rigid members. The
system is pinned to the wall at point A and supported by a roller at point E. Calculate the force on
member BD and the reactions at A and E.

Solution 006-fr
Hide Click here to show or hide the solution
MA=0
4RE=6(120)
RE=180 kN

answer

FH=0
AH=RE
AH=180 kN

answer

FV=0
AV=120 kN

answer

MA=0
3(213FBD)=6(120)
FBD=432.67 kN

answer

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Problem 104
A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of 400 kN. Determine
the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/m2.
Solution 104
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P=A
where:
P=400kN=400000N
=120MPa
A=14D214(1002)
A=14(D210000)
Thus,
400000=120[14(D210000)]
400000=30D2300000
D2=400000+30000030
D=119.35 mm

answer

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]
Problem 105

A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown in Fig. P-105. Calculate
the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze and 120 MPa in steel.

Solution 105
Hide Click here to show or hide the solution
By symmetry:
Pbr=Pst=12(7848)
Pbr=3924 N
Pst=3924 N

For bronze cable:

Pbr=brAbr
3924=90Abr
Abr=43.6mm2

answer

For steel cable:

Pst=stAst
3924=120Ast
Ast=32.7mm2

answer

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Problem 108

An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in Fig. P-108. Axial
loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value of P that will not exceed a stress
in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa, or in bronze of 100 MPa.

Solution 108
Hide Click here to show or hide the solution
For bronze:
brAbr=2P
100(200)=2P
P=10000N

For aluminum:
alAal=P
90(400)=P
P=36000N
For Steel:
stAst=5P
P=14000N

For safe value of P, use the smallest above. Thus,

P=10 000 N=10 kN
answer
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Problem 113
Find the stresses in members BC, BD, and CF for the truss shown in Fig. P-113. Indicate the tension or
compression. The cross sectional area of each member is 1600 mm2.

Solution 113
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For member BD: (See FBD 01)
MC=0
3(45BD)=3(60)
BD=75kN Tension

BD=BDA
75(1000)=BD(1600)
BD=46.875MPa (Tension)

answer

For member CF: (See FBD 01)

MD=0
4(12CF)=4(90)+7(60)
CF=275.77kN Compression
CF=CFA
275.77(1000)=CF(1600)
CF=172.357MPa (Compression)

answer

For member BC: (See FBD 02)

MD=0
4BC=7(60)
BC=105kN Compression
BC=BCA
105(1000)=BC(1600)
BC=65.625MPa (Compression)

answer

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Forces parallel to the area resisting the force cause shearing stress. It differs to tensile and compressive
stresses, which are caused by forces perpendicular to the area on which they act. Shearing stress is also
known as tangential stress.

=VA
where V is the resultant shearing force which passes through the centroid of the area A being sheared.

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Problem 115
What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate that is 25 mm thick? The shear
strength is 350 MN/m2.
Solution 115
Hide Click here to show or hide the solution
The resisting area is the shaded area along the perimeter and the shear force V is equal to the punching
force P.

V=A
P=350[(20)(25)]
P=549778.7N
P=549.8kN

answer

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Problem 117
Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis shown in Fig. 1-11b if P = 400 kN. The
shearing strength of the bolt is 300 MPa.

Solution 117
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The bolt is subject to double shear.
V=A
400(1000)=300[2(14d2)]
d=29.13mm

answer

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Problem 120
The members of the structure in Fig. P-120 weigh 200 lb/ft. Determine the smallest diameter pin that

can be used at A if the shearing stress is limited to 5000 psi. Assume single shear.

Solution 120
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For member AB:

Length, LAB=42+42=5.66ft
Weight, WAB=5.66(200)=1132lb
MA=0
4RBH+4RBV=2WAB
4RBH+4RBV=2(1132)
RBH+RBV=566
For member BC:

Equation (1)

Length, LBC=32+62=6.71ft
Weight, WBC=6.71(200)=WBC=1342lb
MC=0
6RBH=1.5WBC+3RBV
6RBH3RBV=1.5(1342)
2RBHRBV=671

Equation (2)

Add equations (1) and (2)

RBH+RBV=566
Equation (1)
2RBHRBV=671

Equation (2)

3RBH=1237
RBH=412.33lb
From equation (1):
412.33+RBV=566
RBV=153.67lb
From the FBD of member AB
FH=0
RAH=RBH=412.33lb
FV=0

RAV+RBV=WAB
RAV+153.67=1132
RAV=978.33lb
RA=R2AH+R2AV
RA=412.332+978.332
RA=1061.67lb

shear force of pin at A

V=A
1061.67=5000(14d2)
d=0.520in

answer

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Problem 122
Two blocks of wood, width w and thickness t, are glued together along the joint inclined at the angle
as shown in Fig. P-122. Using the free-body diagram concept in Fig. 1-4a, show that the shearing stress
on the glued joint is = P sin 2 / 2A, where A is the cross-sectional area.

Solution 122
Hide Click here to show or hide the solution
Shear area,
Ashear=t(wcsc)
Ashear=twcsc
Ashear=Acsc
Shear force,
V=Pcos

V=Ashear
Pcos=(Acsc)
=PsincosA
=P(2sincos)2A
=Psin22A

(okay!)

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