purpose of cooling:

water is king as in heat capacity?

What it means-can store large amount of heat as compare air.
Free of cost ? But now a day we are paying money for water.

Water is silent killer mean no noise but air is too noise .

I need pump to pump water.

water will freeze when?

As air is ubiquitous but water is not.

In places where water is scarce, air cooled engine is an advantage.rajasathan me air ka
use karo more better.

advantage
The absence of radiator, cooling jackets,
coolant and pumps make the engine
lighter.
The engine can be operated in cold
climate where liquid may freeze.
In places where water is scarce, air
cooled engine is an advantage.
Handling of liquid coolant requires
piping and pumping auxiliaries.
Air cooled engines have no coolant
leakage or freezing problems.therefore
no antifrezzer is required

disadvantage
Relatively large amount of power is
used to drive the cooling fan.
Engines give low power output
Cooling fins under certain conditions may
vibrate and amplify the noise level
Cooling is not uniform
Engines are subjected to high
working temperature
Difficult to get engine to run at most
efficient temperature on ground and at
altitude.

Water cooling system

advantage

disadvantage

Because of even cooling of cylinder barrel

and head (due to jacketing) makes it
possible to reduce the cylinder head and
valve seat temperatures.
The volumetric efficiency of water cooled
engines is higher than that of air-cooled
engines
Compact design of engines with
appreciably smaller frontal area is possible.

The system requires more maintenance

In case of water cooled engines,

installation is not
necessarily at the front of
the mobile vehicles, aircraft etc. as the
cooing system can be conveniently located

In the event of failure of the cooling

system serious damage may be caused
to the engine
The power
absorbed by the pump is
considerable and affects the power
output of the engine
The engine performance becomes
sensitive to climatic conditions

http://www.slideshare.net/spiccychora/bhupender-ppt
for forced cooling diagram

Spherical shape

Open combustion chamber

I-shape

Pre-combustion chambers

L-shape

Swirl combustion chambers

T-shape

Squish combustion chamber

F-shape

Air cell & energy cel

Chapter 4 + gupta chapter

http://www.ustudy.in/node/4025
crdi

The common rail direct injections core function is the

initiation of high fuel pressure in the common rail in order
that fuel is injected directly and continuously. Fuel is
sprayed, like powder, into the combustion chamber to
increase its ability to mix with intake air and improve
burning efficiency. CDI starts with the high-pressure pump
that has fuel injection capacity of 1,377 bars or 8 times
higher than a Direct Injection diesel engine.
Fuel is pumped with high pressure into the common rail for
storage. The common rail is installed with a pressure
regulator and a pressure sensor at its end. They are equipped
to maintain and control fuel pressure delivered from the
high-pressure pump at an appropriate level for driving
conditions before 6-port electronically-controlled unit
injectors sprays fuel directly to the combustion chamber.
The injectors work two times per stroke. The injectors spray
pilot injection before the real injection, which helps reduce
noises arising from the ignition.
Every procedure of the common rail direct injection is
controlled by a computer system gathering data sent from
other parts i.e. sensors of crank shaft, accelerator,
temperature, air, etc. This data is interpreted to allow fuel
injected correctly and in compliance with engine speed,

enhancing the engine performances more power, fuel

economy, quietness, less vibration, less pollution in the
exhaust, less maintenance costs and high durability.