Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
AKASH RAJ
GUPTA
AMAN RAJ
GUPTA
Table of Contents
Introduction to Notepad......1
Introduction to .Net3
History
..4
Components of .NET
Framework5
The Class
Library.7
Common Language
Runtime...7
Design
Features9
Common Type
System10
Common Language
Specification...11
ADO.NET
Architecture..13
Introduction to C#......15
Program Structure..
.....17
Compilation of C#
Program....20
Properties.....................................................................................
.......21
4.
Objective...23
5.
.24
6.
Snapshot....31
7.
Result and
Discussion...41
8.
Conclusion and recommendation for further
studies........42
List of Figures
2.2.Net Framework Components...
5-6
2.4 Net Framework Architecture.
..........................8
2.8 ADO.Net Architecture.....
.14
3.3 Compilation phase of C
#.............................................................................................21
8.1
Snapshots
List of Tables
2.1 .Net Framework Versions..
4
3.1 C# Keywords....
16
References..
43
ABSTRACT
Notepad is a windows application which is used to edit text documents.
It allows us to edit, save and view text documents. Notepad is also
used for writing various source code of languages.
Notepad offers only the most basic text manipulation functions, such
as finding text. Only newer versions of Windows include an updated
version of Notepad with a search and replace function. However it has
much less functionality in comparison to full-scale editors
Notepad makes use of a built-in window class named "EDIT". In older
versions such as those included with Windows 95,Windows
98, Windows Me and Windows 3.1, there is a 64k limit on the size of
the file being edited, an operating system limit of the EDIT class.
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO NOTEPAD
Notepad is a generic text editor included with Microsoft Windows that enables
someone to open and read plaintext files. If the file contains special formatting or
is not a plaintext file, it will not be able to be read in Microsoft Notepad. In the
image to the right, is a small example of what the Microsoft Notepad may look
like while running.
Notepad offers only the most basic text manipulation functions, such as finding
text. Only newer versions of Windows include an updated version of Notepad
with a search and replace function. However it has much less functionality in
comparison to full-scale editors.
Notepad makes use of a built-in window class named "EDIT". In older versions
such as those included with Windows 95,Windows 98, Windows
Me and Windows 3.1, there is a 64k limit on the size of the file being edited, an
operating system limit of the EDIT class.
Up to Windows 95, Fixedsys was the only available display font for
Notepad. Windows NT 4.0 and 98 introduced the ability to change this font. As
of Windows 2000, the default font was changed to Lucida Console. The font
setting, however, only affects how the text is shown to the user and how it is
printed, not how the file is saved to disk. The default font was changed
to Consolas on Windows 8.
Up to Windows Me, there were almost no keyboard shortcuts and no linecounting feature. Starting with Windows 2000, shortcuts for common tasks like
new, open and save were added, as well as a status-bar with a line counter
Chapter 2
Introduction to .NET
Microsoft .NET is a set of Microsoft software technologies for rapidly building and
integrating XML Web services, Microsoft Windows-based applications, and Web
solutions. The .NET framework was developed by Microsoft Corporation.It is a
group of several technologies that helps the developers to create different types
of applications.The .NET framework can be used to create
Web applications
Mobile applications
When internet started to open up for commercial use at that time html was only
tool to create the web applications.Those web applications were mere bunch of
static web pages.Over a period of time tools for developing web applications
have evolved very much.But those web applications have some problems,for
example when the number of simultaneous users increased;the application
eventually crashed or slows down.It was also very cumbersome to add high level
features,such as user authentication which required a lot of coding effort.
To resolve these problems,Microsoft came up with a solution in the form of ASP
and the ASP.NET.These tools have allowed the developers to create highly
dynamic pages without concerning about low level implimentations.
The .NET Framework is a language-neutral platform which includes a large
library for writing programs that can easily and securely interoperate(each
language can use code written in other languages). Theres no language barrier
with .NET: there are numerous languages available to the developer including C+
+, C#, Visual Basic and Java Script. The .NET framework provides the foundation
for components to interact seamlessly, whether locally or remotely on different
platforms. It standardizes common data types and communications protocols so
that components created in different languages can easily interoperate.
2.1 History
Microsoft started development of the .NET Framework in the late 1990s,
originally under the name of Next Generation Windows Services (NGWS). By
late 2000 the first beta versions of .NET 1.0 were released.
Version 3.0 of the .NET Framework is included with Windows Server 2008 and
Windows Vista. Version 3.5 is included with Windows 7 and Windows Server
2008 R2, and can also be installed on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.
On 12 April 2010, .NET Framework 4 was released alongside Visual Studio 2010.
The .NET Framework family also includes two versions for mobile or embedded
device use. A reduced version of the framework, the .NET Compact Framework,
is available on Windows CE platforms, including Windows Mobile devices such
as smartphones. Additionally, the .NET Micro Framework is targeted at severely
resource-constrained devices.
ASP.NET:Is the engine that hosts the .NET web applications and support
different features of .NET framework class library.
It provides a single-rooted hierarchy of classes, containing over 7000 types. The root of th
namespace is called System; this contains basic types like Byte, Double, Boolean, and String, a
well as Object. All objects derive from System. Object. As well as objects, there are value types
Value types can be allocated on the stack, which can provide useful flexibility. There are also efficien
means of converting value types to object types if and when necessary.
The .NET Framework includes types that perform the following functions:
Perform I/O.
Provide data access, rich client-side GUI, and server-controlled, client-side GUI
The set of classes is pretty comprehensive, providing collections, file, screen, and network I/O,
threading, and so on, as well as XML and database connectivity.
The class library is subdivided into a number of sets (or namespaces), each providing distinct
areas of functionality, with dependencies between the namespaces kept to a minimum.
Chapter 3
Introduction to C#
C# (pronounced See Sharp) is a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming
language. It is a general-purpose programming language for building apps using Visual Studio
and the .NET Framework. C# is designed to be simple, powerful, type-safe, and object-oriented.
It was developed by Microsoft within its .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by
Ecma (ECMA-334) and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270:2006). C# is one of the programming languages
designed for the Common Language Infrastructure. People involved in the development of C#
are Peter Goide,Eric Gunnerson,Anders Hejlsenberg,Peter Sollichy and Scott Wiltamuth.The
version of C# was released in the year 2002.
Some of the general features that make it very efficient language are given below:
Object oriented
Easy to learn
Component Oriented
Structured language
Boolean Conditions
Standard Library
Indexers
Conditional Compilation
Simple Multithreading
Assembly Versioning
Example:match,_winner,and john8 are all valid identifiers whereas match%,winner$ and 8john
are not valid identifiers.
There are 77 identifiers that are used by the C# language.These identifiers are known as
keywords.The following able shows the list of keywords common used in C# language:
Fig 3.1 C# Keywords
Programs
Namespaces
Types
Members and
Assemblies.
Programs:
C# programs consist of one or more source files. Each file can contain zero or more
namespaces.
Namespaces:
Namespaces are C# basic program elements that are designed to help you to organize
program well.They also provide help in avoiding name conflicts between two sets of program
code.
Namespaces have the following properties:
The using directive obviates the requirement to specify the name of the namespace for
every class.
The global namespace is the "root" namespace: global::System will always refer to
the .NET Framework namespace System.
Programs declare types, which contain members and can be organized into namespaces.
The types of the C# language are divided into two main categories: Value typesand reference
types. Both value types and reference types may be generic types, which take one or more
type parameters. Type parameters can designate both value types and reference types.
type:
value-type
reference-type
type-parameter
Function members are members that contain executable statements. Function members are
always members of types and cannot be members of namespaces. C# defines the following
categories of function members:
Methods
Properties
Events
Indexers
User-defined operators
Instance constructors
Static constructors
Destructors
An assembly in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is a compiled code library used for
deployment, versioning, and security. There are two types:
The .NET Framework uses assemblies as the fundamental unit for several purposes:
Security
Type Identity
Reference Scope
Versioning
Deployment
Security
An assembly is the unit at which security permissions are requested and granted. Assemblies
are also the level at which you establish identity and trust. The .NET Framework provides two
mechanisms for this level of assembly security: strong names and Signcode.exe. You can also
manage security by specifying the level of trust for code from a particular site or zone.
Signing an assembly with a strong name adds public key encryption to the assembly. This
ensures name uniqueness and prevents substituting another assembly with the same name for
the assembly that you provided.
The signcode.exe tool embeds a digital certificate in the assembly. This allows users of the
assembly to verify the identity of the assembly's developer by using a public or private trust
hierarchy.
You can choose to use either strong names, Signcode.exe, or both, to strengthen the identity of
your assembly.
The common language runtime also uses internal hashing information, in conjunction with
strong names and signcode, to verify that the assembly being loaded has not been altered after
it was built.
Type Identity
The identity of a type depends on the assembly where that type is defined. That is, if you define
a type named DataStore in one assembly, and a type named DataStore in another assembly,
the .NET Framework can tell them apart because they are in two different assemblies. Of
course you can't define two different types with the same name in the same assembly.
Reference Scope
The assembly is also the location of reference information in general. Each assembly contains
information on references in two directions:
The assembly contains metadata that specifies the types and resources within the
assembly that are exposed to code outside of the assembly. For example, a particular
assembly could expose a public type named Customer with a public property named
AccountBalance.
The assembly contains metadata specifying the other assemblies on which it depends.
For example, a particular assembly might specify that it depends on the
System.Windows.Forms.dll assembly.
Versioning
Each assembly has a 128-bit version number that is presented as a set of four decimal pieces:
Major.Minor.Build.Revision
For example, an assembly might have the version number 3.5.0.126.
3.4Properties
Constructors And Destructors
Constructors are used to initialize objects, whereas destructors are used to destroy
them. In other words, destructors are used to release the resources allocated to the object.
In C#.NET the sub finalize procedure is available. The sub finalize procedure is used to
complete the tasks that must be performed when an object is destroyed. The sub finalize
procedure is called automatically when an object is destroyed. In addition, the sub finalize
procedure can be called only from the class it belongs to or from derived classes .
Garbage Collection
Garbage Collection is another new feature in C#.NET. The .NET Framework monitors
allocated resources, such as objects and variables. In addition, the .NET Framework
automatically releases memory for reuse by destroying objects that are no longer in use.
In C#.NET, the garbage collector checks for the objects that are not currently in use by
applications. When the garbage collector comes across an object that is marked for garbage
collection, it releases the memory occupied by the object.
Overloading
Overloading is another feature in C#. Overloading enables us to define multiple procedures
with the same name, where each procedure has a different set of arguments. Besides using
overloading for process.
Multithreading
C#.NET also supports multithreading. An application that supports multithreading can handle
multiple tasks simultaneously, we can use multithreading to decrease the time taken by an
application to respond to user interaction.
Chapter 4
Objectiv
e
Notepad is a generic text editor included with Microsoft Windows that enables
someone to open and read plaintext files. If the file contains special formatting or
is not a plaintext file, it will not be able to be read in Microsoft Notepad. In the
image to the right, is a small example of what the Microsoft Notepad may look
like while running.
Notepad offers only the most basic text manipulation functions, such as finding
text. Only newer versions of Windows include an updated version of Notepad
with a search and replace function. However it has much less functionality in
comparison to full-scale editors.
Notepad makes use of a built-in window class named "EDIT". In older versions
such as those included with Windows 95,Windows 98, Windows
Me and Windows 3.1, there is a 64k limit on the size of the file being edited, an
operating system limit of the EDIT class.
Up to Windows 95, Fixedsys was the only available display font for
Notepad. Windows NT 4.0 and 98 introduced the ability to change this font. As
of Windows 2000, the default font was changed to Lucida Console. The font
setting, however, only affects how the text is shown to the user and how it is
printed, not how the file is saved to disk. The default font was changed
to Consolas on Windows 8.
Chapter 5
Detail of Work Project
Notepad is a simple text editor. Just as you use a notepad on your desk, you can
use Notepad to take notes onscreen while working in other Windows
applications. There are better text editors. One of my favorite Windows text
editors is TextPad (http://www.textpad.com/). However, Notepad is simple, uses
little memory and is useful for editing text you want to copy into a Windows or
DOS application that lacks editing capability.
[WinPack does have a built-in editor, but Notepad is perhaps more versitile.]
Notepad retrieves and saves files in text format. This makes Notepad a
convenient editor for creating and altering text-based files. Because Notepad
stores files in text format, almost all word processing applications can retrieve
Notepad's files. However, if you want the capability of formatting your documents,
you'll need a true word processor.
Software Interface:
Operating system
: Windows XP.
Coding Language
: C#
Framework : .NET Framework 4.0
IDE : Microsoft Visual Studio 2010
System
Hardware Interface:
: Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
Hard Disk
Ram
: 40 GB.
: 512 Mb.
Starting Notepad
To start Notepad, open the Start menu and choose Programs-->Accessories-->Notepad .
Notepad starts up and displays a blank document in the Notepad window. You can begin
typing.
You can open an existing file using the File menu.
Click File on the Notepad toolbar, then click Open... An Open panel will appear.
See the notes below about saving your file when you are finished editing.
To delete characters, press Backspace (to delete characters to the left) or Delete (to delete
characters to the right).
When you need to work with larger blocks of text, such as words, sentences, or
paragraphs, you can use your mouse to select the text using one of the techniques listed
below:
Selection
Action
One word
Double-click the word.
Several words Double-click the first word and drag to the end of the last word.
Any amount of Hold down the mouse button and drag from the beginning to the end of the text.
text
Between two Move the insertion point to the beginning, click, move to the second point, press
points
and hold down Shift, and click at the second point.
To select text with the keyboard, position the insertion point at the beginning of the text
you want to select, hold down the Shift key, and move the insertion point to the end of the
text using the arrow keys. To move the selection a word at a time, hold down
the Shift and Ctrl keys as you press the arrow keys. You can select all the way to the end
of a line by pressing the Shift and End keys.
After you have selected a block of text, you can delete it using
the Delete or Backspace keys. To move or copy the selected text, use the Edit->Cut or Edit-->Copy keys, as described in Moving and Copying Text.
If you start typing when text is selected, the selected text is replaced with whatever you
type. This can be both a blessing and a curse.
Select the text you want to move or copy using one of the techniques described
above.
Position the insertion point where you want to move or copy the text.
While other editing programs permit you to edit by selecting and dragging with the
mouse, you can't do that with Notepad.
You can also copy text to and from a Notepad document from or into documents in many
other applications. [For example, you can copy text from WinPack into a Notepad
document, although not the other way.] To simplify this operation, place the two
application windows side by side before you move or copy the text. Alternatly, keep
Notepad minimized until you are ready to use it, and then find it on the Taskbar. For
example, if you use Notepad in conjunction with a browser, you can minimize Notepad to
the task bar, highlight and copy what you want in the browser, click on Notepad on the
taskbar and paste the text into it.
Another method for switching between applications is to use the ALT+Tab keyboard
shortcut. Using the keyboard only, select text in WinPack, press Ctrl+C to copy it,
press Alt+Tab to switch to Notepad, press Ctrl-V to paste the text into the Notepad file.
In the Find What text box, type the text string you want to find.
(Optional) Select the Match Case option to find text that has the same case
structure as the text you typed in the Find What text box.
Click Find Next to find and select the first occurrence of the text.
Choose Find Next again to select the next occurrence of the text.
When you find the text you're looking for, click Cancel or press Esc to exit the
Find dialog box.
Even after you close the Find dialog box, you can repeat the last find operation by
choosing Search--> Find Next or by pressing F3.
To find and replace a text string, follow these steps:
Follow the steps as above for finding the text you want to replace.
When you get to the text you want to replace in the file, click Cancel or
press ESC to exit the Find dialog box.
Type the text you want to insert. (Remember that when text is selected, whatever
you type instantly replaces it.)
Choose Find Next or press F3 to locate the next occurrence of the text you typed
in the Find What text box.
When you are finished editing the file, and periodically during your editing session, you
should save your work back to disk.
If the file is new and hasn't been previously saved, you must click File on the Notepad
menu bar, and then Save As. When the associated dialog box opens, select a location
using the Save in text box, enter a name for the file in the File name box, and click
the Save button.
If the file has previously been saved, so that it has a name and a saved location, you
click File-->Save.
ER DIAGRAM
User
Availability
The administrator will control the availability of the E-voting system. There will be a
designated time period each day where the voting will be allowed to take place.
Security
Firewall
A firewall will be present within our E-Voting application. The purpose of the firewall is to
protect against malicious packets from being sent to the server that may cause a denial
of service. Any denial of service will prevent the voting process from moving forward.
Maintainability
The maintenance of the E-voting system will be handled by the SA, though the system
development team should be available to assist with any serious issues.
Portability
The system is independent of the machine. It runs on server so the user can access it
through any system.
6.1 Snapshots
Chapter 7
Result and Discussion
The project NOTEPAD is used for editing text file. Notepad is a generic text
editor included with Microsoft Windows that enables someone to open and read
plaintext files. If the file contains special formatting or is not a plaintext file, it will
not be able to be read in Microsoft Notepad. In the image to the right, is a small
example of what the Microsoft Notepad may look like while running.
Notepad offers only the most basic text manipulation functions, such as finding
text. Only newer versions of Windows include an updated version of Notepad
with a search and replace function. However it has much less functionality in
comparison to full-scale editors.
Notepad also has a simple built-in logging function. Each time a file that starts
with .LOG is opened, the program inserts a text timestamp on the last line of the
file.
Chapter 8
Conclusion and recommendation for further studies.
Notepad is a simple text editor. Just as you use a notepad on your desk, you can
use Notepad to take notes onscreen while working in other Windows
applications. There are better text editors. One of my favorite Windows text
editors is TextPad (http://www.textpad.com/). However, Notepad is simple, uses
little memory and is useful for editing text you want to copy into a Windows or
DOS application that lacks editing capability.
[WinPack does have a built-in editor, but Notepad is perhaps more versitile.]
Notepad retrieves and saves files in text format. This makes Notepad a
convenient editor for creating and altering text-based files. Because Notepad
stores files in text format, almost all word processing applications can retrieve
Notepad's files. However, if you want the capability of formatting your documents,
you'll need a true word processor.
References
S.No.
Document Title/Book
Source/Author
1.
.NET Overview
C# Overview
Project
https://www.1000projects.com
Software Engineering
Roger S. Pressman
http://msdn.microsoft.com
http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/