Morphological derivation

Morphological derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of

an existing word. It often involves the addition of a morpheme in the form of an
affix.

Derivational patterns
Derivational morphology often involves the addition of a derivational suffix or other affix.
Such an affix usually applies to words of one lexical category (part of speech) and changes
them into words of another such category. For example, the English derivational suffix -ly
changes adjectives into adverbs (slow slowly).
Examples of English derivational patterns and their suffixes:

adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow slowness)

adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern modernise) in British English or -ize
(archaic archaicize) in American English and Oxford spelling

adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red reddish)

adjective-to-adverb: -ly (personal personally)

noun-to-adjective: -al (recreation recreational)

noun-to-verb: -fy (glory glorify)

verb-to-adjective: -able (drink drinkable)

verb-to-noun (abstract): -ance (deliver deliverance)

verb-to-noun (agent): -er (write writer)

Crystal, David (1999): The Penguin Dictionary of Language. - Penguin Books England.
Sobin, Nicholas (2011). Syntactic Analysis The Basics. West Sussex: WileyBlackwell. pp. 1718. ISBN 978-1-4443-3895-9.

Dayak Ngaju language is Barito languages (Austronesian) which is spoken by the Dayak
Ngaju big tribe and other tribes in the province of Central kalimantan. Dayak Ngaju tribes
live at the edge of Kapuas River, Kahayan, Katingan, Mentaya, Seruyan and Barito. The
number of users over 1,000,000 people including the dialect of Mengkatip, Bakumpai and
Mendawai.
Tjilik Riwut said that including in the user language is 54 tribes including Arut, Balantikan,
Kapuas, Rungan, Manuhing, Katingan, Saruyan, Mentobi, Mendawai, Bara-Bara-she, Nio,
Bara-ren, Mengkatip, Hill, Berangas, and Bakumpai. For some tribes he input in dayak ngaju,
including 4 that last need to study more. Because these tribes then placed by some
researchers, into tribal Bakumpai/Bakumpai as a separate ethnic group.
According to the Abi Zakky Setiawan, 2009: tribes Ngaju Dayak Bakumpai is that received a
lot of influence from the Malays of Banjar in customs, religion and language so as to bring up
a stand-alone identity. But the language used by the tribe is a Dayak Bakumpai Language
dialect difference only with Ngaju choice words to the language of its parent.
In 1858 used by the Netherlands as the language of instruction of the Gospel in the southern
part of the island of Borneo, primarily by the Zending-zending Protestant. Up to this time
became the main language in the Church of the Evangelical Church of Borneo in Central
Kalimantan and South Kalimantan
General Society of Central kalimantan can understand this language and currently has taught
in public schools as the language of the region/local content.
Ngaju language lexical similarities against other languages i.e. 75% with Bakumpai [bkr],
62% with Kohin [kkx], 50% with the Ot Danum [otd], 35% with Banjar [bjn] [nij]. [1]