Global History Practice Questions

Cross Topical: Question 1 of 41
In the Ancient Kingdom of Mali and in the Roman Republic, an

important feature of life was the development of
1.
2.
3.
4.
codified laws
social and political equality
the Islamic religion
agricultural communes
Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: The Twelve Tables of Law from Rome and the
establishment of codified law by Mansa Musa in Mali were both
important developments in these societies.

Which statement best explains the periods of the Gupta Empire of
India, the Golden Age of Greece, and the Renaissance in Italy?
1. the winning of a war often inspires scientific and artistic
achievement
2. a combination of wealth and a time of relative peace often
leads to cultural achievement
3. a dictatorship usually encourages cultural growth and
development
4. periods of censorship are needed for a nation to achieve
cultural and scientific greatness
Explanation: Times of peace allow societies to create great works
and trade with their neighbors. This trade usually results in the
accumulation of wealth and the exchange of ideas which allows for
the development and adoption of new innovations.

One way in which Medieval European society, Latin American
colonial society, and society in Imperial China were similar is that
each
1.
2.
3.
4.
placed great value on public education

experienced a surplus of skilled labor
was organized according to a rigid class structure
de-emphasized the role of religion

Explanation: All of these societies were contained rigid class
structures that were nearly impossible to circumvent.

Which idea did Napoleon Bonaparte, Sun Yat-Sen, and Simone
Bolivar have in common?
1.
2.
3.
4.
divine right
nationalism
totalitarianism
nonviolence

Explanation: Each of these men caused nationalism to develop in
their respective country or region; Napoleon in early 1800s France,
Bolivar in early 1800s Latin America, and Sun Yat-Sen in early
1900s China.

Eighteenth-century Russia and nineteenth-century Japan were
similar in that both countries
1. began the process of modernization after a long period of
isolation
2. developed democratic governments after years under
absolute monarchies
3. refused to accept western technological ideas
4. adopted socialist economic systems after capitalism had
failed
Explanation: Throughout the 1700s, both Peter the Great and

Catherine the Great did much to modernize Russia by adopting
ideas from the European Renaissance from which Russia had been
isolated. Similarly, the Japanese Meiji Restoration rapidly
industrialized Japan after the American Commodore Matthew Perry
displayed industrial military power to convince the Japanese to open
their ports to trade.

Until the 1500s, China and Japan were similar in that both
1.
2.
3.
4.
were invaded by the Mongols

welcomed Christian Missionaries
had little contact with Western European nations
were developing democratic traditions

Explanation: Both China and Japan practiced isolationism until the
1500s when Christian missionaries from Europe entered both
countries.

During the Middle Ages, Europeans did not eat potatoes or corn
because these vegetables
1.
2.
3.
4.
were forbidden by the Catholic Church for religious reasons

had not yet been introduced to Europe from the New World
were believed to be poisonous
were too expensive to import from China

Explanation: Potatoes and corn were brought to Europe by
explorers returning from the Americas during the Age of
Exploration which came after the Middle Ages.

One way in which Medieval European society, Latin American
colonial society, and society in Imperial China were similar is that

each
1.
2.
3.
4.
placed great value on public education

experienced a surplus of skilled labor
was organized according to a rigid class structure
de-emphasized the role of religion

Explanation: All three of these societies had rigid class structures
in which one was born into their social status with very few
opportunities to advance socially.

The societies of traditional China, Feudal Japan, and Czarist Russia
were all characterized by
1.
2.
3.
4.
a rigid class structure

much interaction with other cultures
great economic change
rapidly changing social values


One similarity between the decline of the Roman Empire and the
fall of the Manchu Dynasty was that both initially led to
1.
2.
3.
4.
improved economic conditions

democratically elected governments
political chaos and decentralization of government
major accomplishments in art, science, and technology

Explanation: After the Roman Empire fell in 476 CE, Europe was
plunged into an extended period of feudalism which lasted nearly

1,000 years. When the Mancu Dynasty fell in 1911, China was ruled
by local warlords until Mao Zedongs communist victory in 1949.

The Japanese feudal system and the Hindu caste system are similar
in that both systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
promoted social mobility

developed a rigid class structure
encouraged the people to take part in government
resulted in economic opportunities for the lower classes

Explanation: Both of these societies had rigid class structures in
which one was born into their social status with very few

Eighteenth-century Russia and nineteenth-century Japan were
similar in that both countries
1. began the process of modernization after a long period of
isolation
2. developed democratic governments after years under
absolute monarchies
3. refused to accept western technological ideas
4. adopted socialist economic systems after capitalism had
failed
Explanation: Because of geographic isolation, Russia did not take
part in the European Renaissance and did not begin to modernize
until the reigns of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great in the
1700s. Japan refused to allow European trade beginning in 1639.
This foreign policy made it impossible for the Japanese to take part
in the Industrial Revolution which started in Europe. Japans rapid
industrialization began with the Meiji Restoration in 1868.

Changes in Russia under Peter the Great were most similar to
changes that occurred in
1.
2.
3.
4.
China before the Opium War

Japan during the Meiji Restoration
Iran after the fall of Shah Pahlevi
France during the feudal period

Explanation: Because of geographic isolation, Russia did not take
part in the European Renaissance and did not begin to modernize
until the reigns of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great in the
1700s. Japan refused to allow European trade beginning in 1639.
This foreign policy made it impossible for the Japanese to take part
in the Industrial Revolution which started in Europe. Japans rapid
industrialization began with the Meiji Restoration in 1868.

The Tamils in Sri Lanka, the Sikhs in India, and the Zulus in South
Africa have all attempted to
1.
2.
3.
4.
establish colonies in Asia

practice passive resistance
achieve political separatism
encourage mercantilism

Explanation: As independence swept across the former European
colonies, many minority groups within these new nations sought
independence for themselves. This has led to turmoil and violence.

Which was characteristic of France under Napoleons rule and
Germany under Hitlers rule?
1. democratic ideas and diversity were encouraged
2. authoritarian control and a strong sense of nationalism
prevailed
3. peaceful relations with neighboring countries wee fostered
4. artistic and literary freedom flourished
Explanation: Both Hitler and Napoleon encouraged nationalism
among their citizens, while retaining absolute control of the
government.

A study of the French Revolution and the Russian Revolution of
1917 would lead to the conclusion that
1. revolutions only occur when a majority of citizens become
directly involved
2. university students are most often responsible for starting
revolutions
3. control of revolutions often shifts from moderates to radicals
4. revolutions seldom result in long-term changes
Explanation: Both revolutions went through a moderate phase
before coming under control of a more radical element. The radical
phase of a revolution is generally characterized by widespread
violence.

The French Revolution, the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, and the
Communist Revolution in China were similar in that all three
1.
2.
3.
4.
brought about few political changes

were influenced by the peasants desire for more land
were inspired by Marxism
were supported primarily by the nobility

Explanation: All three revolutions were successful due to
enormous support of the peasant class. Peasants in each nation
supported the revolution in hopes of gaining land for farming and

habitation.

The ancient Greek city-state of Sparta and the Soviet Union under
Stalin were similar in that both societies
1.
2.
3.
4.
were primarily concerned with the health of their people

were powerful military states
granted universal suffrage to their people
placed great emphasis on literature and the arts

Explanation: Both Sparta and the Soviet Union under Stalin had
government systems that attempted to control all aspects of the lives
of their citizens. Both maintained this control through the use of a
strong military.

In China, the building of the Great Wall, the use of the tribute
system, and the governments support of the Boxer Rebellion are
examples of attempts by different dynasties to limit
1.
2.
3.
4.
foreign influence
nationalism
communist expansion
industrialization

Explanation: China has maintained a policy of cultural
isolationism. They have used various tools to limit incoming
cultural diffusion.

The French Revolution of 1789 and the Cuban Revolution of 1959
were similar in that both were caused primarily by the
1.
2.
3.
4.
desire of the people to be free from foreign rule

pressure of religious leaders for government reform
failure of the government to meet the needs of the people
ambition of the upper class to attain wealth and property

Explanation: The French Revolution started because the
government was unresponsive to the problems of the majority of the
people, such as poverty and hunger. The Cuban Revolution, started
by Fidel Castro, was a response to the oppressive and corrupt
government of Fulgencio Batista.

The philosophies of Confucius and Mao Zedong both emphasized
1.
2.
3.
4.
individual rather than cooperative gain

industry rather than agriculture
group rather than individual welfare
religious values rather than economic profits

Explanation: Both Confucius and Mao Zedong promoted the idea
of group welfare above individual desire.

Japan during the Meiji Restoration was similar to Japan after World
War II in that during these periods Japan
1. pursued a foreign policy of isolationism and limited political
freedoms
2. reduced the powers of the Emperor and the nobility
3. underwent political reform and economic expansion
4. was ruled by dictators and the military
Explanation: Both time periods represent a radical change in
government, followed by an economic boom.

Since the late 1940s, India, Northern Ireland, and Israel have faced
the common problem of
1. adjusting to a post-Communist political and economic
system
2. continued violent confrontations between different religious
groups
3. economic depression as a result of rapid industrialization
4. uncertainty of their acceptance by the European Community
Explanation: All three nations are inhabited by diverse ethnic and
religious groups. This has led to violence repeatedly since the
1940s.

The events that led to the overthrow of Czar Nicholas II in 1917 and
to the forced resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991 show that
1.
2.
3.
4.
economic crises often lead to political change

Russian absolutism continued into the 1990s
international conflicts often strengthen the power of leaders
Russia is an ethnically unified nation

Explanation: Russia was facing severe economic problems in both
time periods. This type of problem often results in a change in
government.

Events in both Eastern Europe in the early 1900s and in the Soviet
Union in the late 1980s were mainly the result of
1. movements toward the repression of individual rights
2. declines in the use of advanced technology
3. the influence of religion on government
4. challenges by ethnic groups desiring independence

Explanation: Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union are
inhabited by diverse ethnic and religious groups. This has led to
violence in the past as each group sought autonomy and self
determination.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Soviet Union
experienced ethnic tensions that were most similar to those
experienced by
1.
2.
3.
4.
Japan in the early 17th century

Austria-Hungary in the late 19th century
Spain in the mid-18th century
Cuba in the late 20th century

Explanation: The former Soviet Union and the old AustriaHungary Empire were inhabited by diverse ethnic and religious
groups. This often led to violence in the past as each group sought
independence and self determination.

The Holocaust in Europe and the actions of the Khmer Rouge in
Kampuchea (Cambodia) were similar in that they were examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Interdependence
Segregation
Genocide
Empathy

Explanation: The Holocaust was the systematic murder of the
Jewish population in Europe by the Nazis. The Khmer Rouge also
practiced a policy of genocide, killing millions in Cambodia during
the 1970s.

One similarity between Mao Zedong and Fidel Castro is that they
1.
2.
3.
4.
achieved their goals through the use of peaceful resistance

worked to protect citizens rights to freedom of expression
considered capitalism to be the best economic system
led revolutionary movements that established communist
governments

Explanation: Mao Zedong led a revolution in the 1930s and
1940s which established a communist government in China. The
revolution, started by Fidel Castro, established communism in Cuba
in 1959. Both communist governments exist today.

Germany Will Make Reparations For WWI
OPEC Supports Oil Embargo Against Western Nations
UN Imposes Sanctions on Iraq
Which conclusion can be drawn from these headlines?
1. economic measures are often designed to achieve political
goals
2. communism as an economic system has failed
3. economic policies are often formulated to encourage
investment
4. nationalism plays a small role in economic decisionmaking
Explanation: The use of economic sanctions has been a effective
political tool for many nations.

A study of the policy of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and the
Holocaust in Europe would suggest that
1. world opinion is effective in stopping genocide

2. countries generally use reason and negotiation in dealing
with important ethnic issues
3. anti-Semitism and ethnic hatred remain powerful forces in
the 20th century
4. military leaders cannot be held responsible for acts
committed during wartime
Explanation: Intolerance of other ethnic and religious groups has
led to devastating violence in the 20th century. This continues to be
a problem today, as evidenced by recent events in Bosnia and
Rwanda.

Which factor has most limited the development of national unity in
India, Lebanon, and Bosnia-Herzegovina?
1.
2.
3.
4.
lack of natural resources

inability to end colonialism
religious and ethnic differences
rapid growth of industry

Explanation: All three regions are inhabited by diverse ethnic and
religious groups. This has limited the development of national unity
in these areas, and has often led to violence.

Both the Chinese Mandate of Heaven and the Japanese belief that
the Emperor descends from the Sun Goddess are similar to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
master race theory of Adolf Hitlers Third Reich

natural rights theory of the Age of Reason
divine right theory of the French monarchy
Marxist theory of a workers revolution

Explanation: The Chinese Mandate of Heaven and the Japanese
belief in the divinity of its Emperor are most similar to Frances
divine right theory, which states that a King rules by right of being
chosen by God.

One way in which the caste system and apartheid were similar is
that both
1.
2.
3.
4.
described specific religious practices and beliefs

supported a rigid class structure
were created by British colonial governments
gave power to the lower classes in their respective societies

Explanation: The Hindu Caste system divided society up into many
castes, each with its own rights and duties. Apartheid divided South
African society between whites and blacks. Black South Africans
enjoyed fewer rights and faced constant discrimination and
segregation.

Within their respective nations, both Ho Chi Minh and Fidel Castro
achieved their goals by
1. seeking aid and support from the European Union
2. using armed conflict to bring a communist government to
power
3. following a policy of nonalignment
4. working to build a capitalist system
Explanation: Ho Chi Minh led the violent revolution that created a
communist regime in Vietnam. Fidel Castro was the leader of a
communist revolution in Cuba.

One way in which the Meiji Restoration in Japan and the Golden
Age of India are similar is that in each region these events led to
1.
2.
3.
4.
the persecution of minority peoples

periods of rapid change
the rise of feudalism as the dominant political system
governments ruled by absolute monarchs

Explanation: The Meiji Restoration in Japan resulted in a radical
change in government, and the rapid industrialization of the country.
The Golden Age of India under the Gupta regime brought many
advancements in such areas as science and technology.

The Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China
were similar in that both were
1.
2.
3.
4.
attempts to improve foreign trade

nonviolent resistance efforts
revolts against foreign influence
revolutions against traditional monarchs

Explanation: The Sepoy Rebellion was a revolt against British
authority in India. The Boxer Rebellion was a similar revolt against
British imperialist policy in China.

Suleiman held complete religious and political power. Charles I
stormed the English Parliament. Peter the Great expanded serfdom
in Russia. The actions of these leaders reflect the concept of
1. scientific theory
2. natural rights
3. mercantilism
4. absolutism
Explanation: Suleiman, Charles I of England, and Peter the Great
of Russia all were absolute rulers. This term is defined as a ruler that
has complete control over both government and society in their
country.

What would a study of the recent civil wars in Cambodia, BosniaHerzegovina, and Rwanda show about these conflicts?
1. Ethnic conflict was not a factor in the late 20th century.
2. The United Nations was successful in resolving these
disputes.
3. Genocide was used as a political and military tactic.
4. Civilians were not affected by these disputes.
Explanation: Genocide was a tool used in all three countrys civil
wars. This resulted in the death of millions, and worldwide concern
over the use of such tactics.

A similarity of the goals of Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi
is that both leaders wanted to
1.
2.
3.
4.
secure political power for the majority of the people

encourage a greater degree of industrialization
improve the economy by expanding governmental control
gain independence from the Soviet Union

Explanation: Nelson Mandela fought to give rights to black South
Africans, the majority population, while Gandhi worked toward
ending British domination of India and restoring control back to the
majority natives.

Statement 1: This organization is created for the purpose of
realizing the national ideal: the union of all Serbs.
Bylaws of the Black Hand
Statement 2: . . . people . . . would think themselves happier even
under their bad government than they might be under the good
government of a foreign power.
Mohandas Gandhi,adapted from Indian Opinion, 1905
Statement 3:. . . above all, we want Germany to be considered one
land and the German people one people.
Heinrich von Gagern, The Call for German Unity
Statement 4: We ardently wish to free Italy from foreign rule. We
agree that we must put aside all petty differences in order to gain
this most important goal. We wish to drive out the foreigners not
only because we want to see our country powerful and glorious, but
also because we want to elevate the Italian people in intelligence
and moral development.
Count Camillo di Cavour, 18101861
Which idea is expressed by all the statements?
1.
2.
3.
4.
War is a means of achieving national policies.

Industrial growth is critical to a countrys prosperity.
Social class differences are the source of all conflicts.
Self-determination of the people is an important goal.

Explanation: Various movements throughout history have been
aimed at removing foreign control from a country. This is evidenced
by the examples listed above.

One way in which Simn Bolvar, Jomo Kenyatta, and Ho Chi Minh
are similar is that each leader
1.
2.
3.
4.
sought independence from colonial rule

ruled during a period of peace and prosperity
demanded human rights for all citizens
established a totalitarian government

Explanation: Simon Bolivar was an independence leader in Latin
America, Jomo Kenyatta did the same for Kenya, and Ho Chi Minh
in Vietnam.
History: Question 1 of 3
Which document is an example of a primary source?
1.
2.
3.
4.
a textbook on Russian history

an encyclopedia article on religions of the Middle East
a novel on the Age of Exploration
the diary of a survivor of a Nazi death camp

Explanation: A primary source is firsthand information about
people or events of the past, such as that found in a diary or a legal
document.
Which historical events are in the correct chronological order?
1. Crusades -> Renaissance -> Neolithic Revolution -> Roman
Empire
2. Roman Empire -> Neolithic Revolution -> Crusades ->
Renaissance
3. Renaissance ->Neolithic Revolution -> Crusades -> Roman
Empire
4. Neolithic Revolution -> Roman Empire -> Crusades ->
Renaissance
Explanation: The Neolithic Revolution caused the development of
agriculture and allowed humans to settle for the first time. The
Roman Empire was was one of the most expanisve human
civilizations ever recorded, but ended when tribes from Northern
Europe invaded and finally took over Rome. Pope Urban II then
launched the Crusades to kill all Muslims living in the Holy Land.
This encouraged cultural diffusion which led to the rebirth of
Europe, known as the Renaissance.
The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights
Article from Mohandas Gandhis Indian Opinion
Excerpt from the letters of Catherine the Great
These three documents are considered
1.
2.
3.
4.
secondary sources
examples of oral traditions
primary sources
statements of different religious beliefs

Explanation: A primary source is firsthand information about
people or events of the past, such as that found in a diary or a legal
document.
Geography: Question 1 of 31
Which statement best explains why most of the population of the
peoples Republic of China live in the eastern third of the nation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
best agricultural land is in the East

largest forests are in the East
best fishing areas are off the eastern coast
largest oil deposits are in the East

Explanation: The coastal region of China contain the best
agricultural lands as well as access to the Pacific Ocean, making it
much easier to live on than the interior of the country which is
dominated by deserts and other harsh geographic features.
Which is an accurate statement about Japans natural resources?
1. Japan has extensively used the seas for fishing
2. large reserves of petroleum are located in the northern part
of Japan
3. Japan has large fertile plains suitable for growing grain
4. large coal and iron-ore deposits are located in the mountain
region
Explanation: The Japanese archipelago has very limited natural
resources. By far, the most abundant natural resources available to
the Japanese is that which can be harvested from the surrounding
ocean.
In Japan, a major economic problem has been the lack of
1.
2.
3.
4.
natural resources
investment capital
skilled labor
experienced management

Explanation: The Japanese archipelago has very limited natural
resources, which is the primary barrier to economic development
there.
Which statement best describes an effect that geography has had on
Japan?
1. Japans smooth coastline has prevented the development of a
fishing industry
2. Japans large plains have made wheat growing a primary
industry
3. the lack of important natural resources has led Japan to
depend on trade with other nations

4. the location of Japan has encouraged great ethnic diversity
within the nation
Explanation: Besides what is available from the sea, there are very
few natural resources available to Japan. Japanese manufacturing is
heavily dependent on importing natrual resources which are then
converted into products such as automobiles, electronics, and steel.
Both Japan and Indonesia are made up of a chain of islands called
1.
2.
3.
4.
an archipelago
a peninsula
a delta
an atoll

Explanation: An archipelago is defined as a chain of islands, which
describes Japan and Indonesia perfectly.
The term Latin America most accurately refers to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
areas of the Western Hemisphere south of the United States

countries that belong to the Organization of American States
continents of North and South America
countries that have close economic ties with Spain

Explanation: The term Latin America refers to the cultural
region south of the United States. During the 1500s,Central and
South America were taken over by Spain and Portugal, and as a
result Spanish and Portuguese are the dominant languages and
Roman Catholicism is practiced by most of the people living there
today.
Which generalization about geography of Latin America is
accurate?
1. geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
2. harsh climatic conditions have prevented the development of
large-scale agriculture
3. the lack of geographic barriers facilitated the development of
transportation and communication systems
4. great variations in latitude and landforms resulted in a
diversity of climates
Explanation: Latin America stretches from the Rio Grande River,
continues past the Equator, and finally ends just north of Antarctica.
Latin America also contains a variety of landforms including the
Andes Mountains, the Amazon River Basin, Brazilian Highlands,
and various deserts. Due to the variations in latitude and landforms,
Latin America contains several different types of climate such as
humid sub-tropical, humid continental, as well as dry desert regions.
Which geographic factor has had the most influence on Poland's
historical and cultural development?
1.
2.
3.
4.
a severe climate
vast deposits of oil
location on the great European Plain
a rugged coastline

Explanation: Throughout history, Poland has been an invasion
route for invading armies entering and leaving Europe because its
location on the great European Plain provides is easier to get
through than treading over highlands or mountains.
Which of these nations is located closet to the Philippines, Malaysia,
and Indonesia?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Korea
Vietnam
Somalia
Pakistan

Explanation: While Korea and Vietnam are both located in
Southeast Asia, Vietnam is much closer to the Philippines,
Malaysia, and Indonesia. Somalia is located on the Horn of Africa,
and Pakistan is located near India in South Asia.
One effect that mountain ranges, rain forests, and river systems have
had on Latin America has been to
1. encourage cultural diffusion
2. limit the development of transportation and communication
systems
3. permit the nations of the area to use a single form of
government
4. allow the development of large amounts of arable land
Explanation: These natural resources have made it difficult to
develop transportation and communication systems because of the
costs associated with building infrastructure in areas with dense
vegetation, steep elevations, and rivers that are barely navigable.
In addition to providing water for Indian agriculture, the Ganges
River remains important to India because it is
1.
2.
3.
4.
the only source of Indian hydroelectric power

a sacred river for the Hindu population
the birthplace of Hindu culture
an unofficial boundary between the Hindus and Muslims

Explanation: Bathing in the Ganges river is said to wash away sins,
and the river water is used in many religious rituals. Many Hindus
ask to be cremated along the Ganges and to have their ashes placed
in the river.
An effect of a mountainous topography on Inca and Chinese
civilizations was the development of
1.
2.
3.
4.
industrialization
single-crop economy
desalinization projects
terrace farming

Explanation: Terrace farming allows crops to be grown on the
sides of elevated terrain. This agricultural practice was widespread
among the Inca in the Andes Mountains and the early Chinese.
A major effect of geography on Japan is that the
1. export of oil has helped Japan maintain a favorable balance
of trade
2. fertile plains have enabled Japan to keep food prices low
3. mountains have prevented invasions obey foreign nations
4. scarcity of natural resources has forced Japan to obtain raw
materials from other nations
Explanation: Japan has very few natural resources except the
surrounding seas. Therefore, Japan takes advantage of its irregular
coastline to promote trade with other countries. Raw materials are
imported to Japan, and then turned into consumer goods such as
automobiles and electronics, which are then exported to other
nations.
Which geographic factor has most strongly influenced Russias
foreign policies and economic development?
1.
2.
3.
4.

vast desert regions
limited access to warm-water ports
extensive mountain ranges

Explanation: Historically, Russia has been land-locked due to the
fact that much of its water access is located in the northern part of
the country and is frozen for most of the year. This makes trading
difficult because ships cannot get through these frozen waters
safely. Events such as the Crimean War, in which Russia sought to
gain control of the Dardanelles Strait between the Black and Aegean
Seas, illustrates how this geographic factor has influenced Russias
foreign policies.
Many people in Southeast Asia hope for the timely arrival of the
summer monsoons each year because
1.
2.
3.
4.
floods are the only way to water their farmlands

daily temperatures often reach 100 degrees Fahrenheit
little rain has fallen for many months
oases provide water for nomadic herders

Explanation: In monsoon climates, moisture-bearing winds reverse
direction once a year, creating a distinct wet season and a dry
season. Thus, the people of Southeast Asia hope for the timely
arrival of these seasonal rains in order to provide water for their
crops.
A topographical map would most likely be used to
1.
2.
3.
4.
identify the major agricultural products of Egypt

determine the population of Beijing, China
estimate the elevation of Bangkok, Thailand
count the number of provinces in India

Explanation: Topographical maps show the lay of the land, and
thus would be ideal for use in estimating the elevation of Bangkok,
Thailand.
On a map of the world, Asia is to Japan as Europe is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Great Britain
the Netherlands
Austria
Italy

Explanation: Asia is a continental landmass, and Japan is an island
that is found just off the coast of Asia. In this same way Europe is a
continental landmass and Great Britain is an island just off the coast
of Europe.
The Russian steppe is most similar in topography to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
mountains in Switzerland
deserts in the Middle East
rainforests in South America
savannas in Africa

Explanation: The savannas in Africa and steppes of Russia are both
described as vast grassy plains.
Areas of Africa and parts of Siberia in Russia are often said to be
gems-in-the-rough because they have
1.
2.
3.
4.
extensive tracts of permanently frozen land

well-developed coastal fishing industries
many undeveloped natural resources
decreasing populations

Explanation: These locations have immense reserves of
undeveloped natural resources which are difficult to cultivate due to
their problematic geography.
In Africa, an effect of topography and climate has been to
1.
2.
3.
4.
encourage rapid industrialization of the interior

prevent the development of kingdoms
promote large-scale trade between African and Asia
promote the growth of diverse societies

Explanation: The various topographical and climactic features of
Africa (e.g., Sahara Desert) have isolated cultures and promoted the
growth of diverse societies.
The Suez Canal, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar are
important because they
1.
2.
3.
4.
prevent attacks on bordering nations

control access to vital trade routes
limit Russian access to warm-water points
prohibit the movement of ships carrying nuclear weapons
Explanation: Each of these geographic features are examples of

strategic waterways from around the world. They are strategic
because they provide access to vital trade routes.
Geographic diversity in the Middle East has contributed to
1.
2.
3.
4.
unequal standards of living

a common economic system
similar political systems
military alliances with Japan

Explanation: While some nations in the Middle East have large
reserves of oil, others do not, and therefore have little of value to
trade with the rest of the world.
The Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, and the Straits of the
Dardanelles are similar because they
1.
2.
3.
4.
are strategic waterways that have been the center of conflicts

was part of the French colonial empire
are located in regions that are rich in natural resources
prohibit the movement of ships carrying nuclear weapons

Explanation: Each of these geographic features are examples of
strategic waterways from around the world. They are strategic
because they provide access to vital trade routes.
The map shows that the
1. economies of all the regions of China are developing at the same rate
2. distribution of income in China is unequal
3. economies of the interior provinces of China are developing faster than those of the
coastal provinces
4. economic development in China is dependent upon the cash crops of Xinjiang and
Tibet
Explanation: This map clearly shows that the distribution of income in China in unequal
because income tends to be greater near the coastline.
One factor that accounted for Chinese influence on traditional

Japanese culture was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
continuous warfare between the countries

geographic location of the countries
refusal of western nations to trade with Japan
annexation of Japan into the Chinese Empire

Explanation: The close proximity of China to Japan aided in
cultural diffusion between the two nations.
Throughout the 1800s, Russia was interested in acquiring Turkey
mainly because Russia wanted
1.
2.
3.
4.
to maintain peace in the Middle East

access to the Mediterranean Sea
to reestablish the Byzantine Empire
the rich farmland of the Anatolian Plateau

Explanation: Historically, Russia has been land-locked due to the
fact that much of its water access is located in the northern part of
the country and is frozen for most of the year. This makes trading
difficult because ships cannot get through these frozen waters
safely. Events such as the Crimean War, in which Russia sought to
gain control of the Dardanelles Strait held by Turkey and located
between the Black and Aegean Seas, illustrates how this geographic
factor has influenced Russias foreign policies.
Which geographic factor has contributed most to the economic
growth of Japan, Egypt, and Great Britain?
1. variety of natural resources
2. reliable amount of rainfall
3. abundance of arable land
4. access to important waterways

Explanation: Access to important waterways, such as the Pacific
Ocean for Japan, the Nile River for Egypt, and the Atlantic Ocean
for Great Britain often leads to trade, an important factor in the
economic growth of these nations.
In which way have the Andes Mountains and the Amazon rain
forest affected the development of Latin America?
1.
2.
3.
4.
promoting international unity

increasing cultural diversity
encouraging trade agreements
strengthening political alliances

Explanation: Mountains and rainforests often provide a barrier to
cultural diffusion. This allows civilizations to develop independent
of others, and sometimes creates a sense of ethnocentrism.
Which geographic factor has helped China remain isolated for many
centuries?
1.
2.
3.
4.
many natural harbors

navigable river systems
severe climate
northern and western mountain ranges

Explanation: Mountains often provide a barrier to cultural
diffusion. This allows civilizations to develop independent of others,
and sometimes creates a sense of ethnocentrism.
Which statement best describes an impact of topography on eastern

Europe?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Many different languages, religions, and customs developed.

A Russian czar ruled the area as a single empire.
An extensive single-crop agricultural system emerged.
Neighbors who were more powerful could not invade the
region.

Explanation: Various geographical features, such as, rivers,
mountains, and plains, can cause civilizations to develop differently
depending on their needs for survival.
Which geographic factor was most important to the development of
the early river valley civilizations?
1.
2.
3.
4.
fertile soils
high mountains
vast deserts
smooth coastlines

Explanation: The fertile soils along the river valleys allowed the
early peoples to grow enough food to increase their population. This
in turn led to the creation of civilizations.
Economics: Question 1 of 20
Which factor contributes most to the recurring food shortages in
Africa?
1.
2.
3.
4.
poor distribution of agricultural products

extensive river systems
location between two major oceans
rainforest environment

Explanation: The poor distribution of agriculture resources causes
yearly food shortages in some parts of Africa.
Which condition is a major obstacle to economic development in the
Middle East and Northern Africa
1.
2.
3.
4.
use of strip mining to obtain minerals

reliance on capitalist economic systems
lack of access to world markets
scarcity of water resources

Explanation: The scarcity of water in these regions is a major
obstacle to economic development because it is essential for the
survival of humans and would be too costly to import.
Singapore and Hong Kong have become major economic powers by
taking advantage of their
1.
2.
3.
4.
abundant mineral resources

imported cheap labor from Japan
profits from agricultural surpluses
favorable location on international trade routes

Explanation: As coastal cities in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong and
Singapore have become major economic powers by providing
services needed to facilitate trade.
Throughout the 1800s, Russia was interested in acquiring Turkey
mainly because Russia wanted
1. to maintain peace in the Middle East
2. access to the Mediterranean Sea
3. to reestablish the Byzantine Empire
4. the rich farmland of the Anatolian Plateau

Explanation: Russia was effectively land-locked because its only
access to ports was in arctic waters with ice that prevented shipping.
Thus, gaining warm-water ports has been a major influence on
Russian foreign policy because it would increase Russian trade.
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information in the chart?
1. Developing countries are instituting programs to limit the

growth of their populations.
2. Infant mortality is a greater problem in Africa than in Asia.
3. The nations with relatively low birthrates have relatively
high per capita incomes.
4. The national birthrate is determined by many different
factors.
Explanation: The Iron Law of Wages states that a low population
will mean a higher income as labor resources are more valuable.
A comparison of Japans policies before 1945 with the policies in
effect after 1945 indicates that
1. reduction in spending on military goods leads to economic

depression
2. dependence on foreign trade usually leads to a weakened
national economy
3. territorial aggression is not necessary to secure national
economic goals
4. democratic institutions hinder economic growth
Explanation: Japan has managed to build a thriving economy
without the need for the territorial acquisition policies they
exhibited before the end of World War II.
A study of Japans economy since World War II would lead to the
conclusion that
1. a. government support of technological advances can
improve a nations economic position
2. a. imperialism is necessary form the economic development
of a nation
3. a. a communist system leads to economic prosperity
4. a. the feudal system is more economically productive than
the market system
Explanation: The Japanese government is very supportive of
industry. This partnership between government and business has
worked to build a very strong economy in Japan.
Which situation has contributed most to recent Japanese economic
growth?
1. The Japanese government has place limits on Japanese
exports.
2. Japanese industries spend very little on the research and
development of new products.
3. The Japanese government and Japanese businesses have

cooperated with each other.
4. Japanese citizens save less of their incomes than the citizens
of other industrialized nation do.
Explanation: The Japanese government is very supportive of
industry. This partnership between government and business has
worked to build a very strong economy in Japan.
The emergence of Japan as a world economic power has been based
mostly on Japans
1.
2.
3.
4.
development of nuclear power

abundance of fossil fuels
strong traditional of military rule
business enterprise and organization

Explanation: Japanese businesses are very well regulated and
organized. This has enabled them to out compete competitors
around the world and help build a very strong economy in Japan.
In recent years, which factor has been a major reason for the
economic tensions between the United States and Japan?
1. Japans trade deficit with the United States was very high
2. the United States refused to place quotas on Japanese goods
3. the United States imported more from Japan than it exported
to Japan
4. Japan lowered tariffs on goods imported from the United
States
Explanation: The United States currently has a trade deficit with
Japan. This has caused some consumers in the U.S. to boycott
Japanese goods in favor of products made in the U.S.A..
Since World War II, people in both Africa and Latin America have
moved from rural to urban areas. The major cause of this movement
has been the
1.
2.
3.
4.
rejection of traditional custom

expectation of improved economic opportunities
guarantee of better housing
fear of civil war

Explanation: People in both regions have moved to the cities in
hopes of greater economic opportunities. This is known as
urbanization, and is common in many third world nations.
Which factor best accounts for the existence of cash-crop
production as a major form of agriculture in many Central American
nations today?
1.
2.
3.
4.
demand of world markets for such crops

lack of modern agricultural technology
inadequate supply of water and other natural resources
peasant ownership of most farmlands

Explanation: Many Latin American nations rely on one or two cash
crops as the basis of their economies. This is due to the demand of
the world market for such products, and the inability of Latin
America to attract sufficient capital investment for industrialization.
Economic development in Japan after World War II and in
Communist China since the 1980s is similar in that both nations
have sought to
1. end foreign investment

2. develop their vast natural resources to achieve economic
growth
3. utilize the concepts of capitalism to improve their economies
4. nationalize most major industries and restrict competition
Explanation: Japan and China have nationalized most major
industries in an effort to limit foreign competition in their countries.
During the 1980s and 1990s, the economic policies of China,
supported by Deng Xiaoping, have led directly to
1.
2.
3.
4.
an expansion of Chinas colonial empire

an increase in trade with the West
a return to a strict command economy
the success of the commune system

Explanation: During the 1980s and 1990s, China has opened its
markets to foreign trade, and began exporting a variety of products
to the world market.
Which statement best explains Chinas economic shift toward
capitalism in the 1980s and early 1990s?
1. Chinas economic policies were directly influenced by the
success of the Soviet economic system
2. the Tiananmen Square massacre resulted in major economic
reforms in China
3. the success of the Cultural Revolution resulted in the
increased westernization of China
4. communist economic policies were not meeting the needs of
the society

Explanation: The shift to a more capitalistic economy has been due
to the dismal failure of communism as an economic system.
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should
be
1.
2.
3.
4.
granted independence as soon as possible

considered an economic burden for the colonial power
encouraged to develop their own industries
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials

Explanation: Mercantilism is an economic system where a
countrys wealth is based upon exporting more products than it
imports. To accomplish this, a country must have colonies to
provide raw materials, and also to provide a market for the finished
products.
Which statement best describes how a command economy
functioned in the Soviet Union?
1. The laws of supply and demand controlled the economy.
2. Trade policies mandated that imports exceed exports.
3. The success of the agricultural sector controlled the price of
manufactured goods.
4. A central authority determined the type and quantity of
goods to be produced.
Explanation: A communist, or command economy, controls the
means of production by having governmental agencies involved in
production planning.
To maintain its economic position, Japan has often limited the

number of cars or the quantity of farm products that the United
States can sell in Japan. Japan has imposed these limits to develop
1.
2.
3.
4.
an equality-of-trade position
a favorable balance of trade
a more open market
a belief system

Explanation: Japan has limited the amount of products it imports
from the United States to protect its native industries. This has
created a favorable balance of trade for Japan.
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Age of Exploration
Enlightenment
Cold War
Green Revolution

imports. To accomplish this, a country must have colonies to
provide raw materials, and also to provide a market for the finished
products. This was the system in use during the Age of Exploration.
Statement A: The might of a country consists of gaining surpluses
of gold and silver.
Statement B: A nations strength is found in economic
independence and the maintenance of a favorable balance of trade.
Statement C: We need to gain colonies both as sources for raw
materials and as markets for our manufactured goods.
Which economic system is being described by these statements?

1.
2.
3.
4.
traditional
feudal
command
mercantile

imports, and maintaining surplus of gold and silver. To accomplish
this, a country must have colonies to provide raw materials, and also
to provide a market for the finished products. This was the system in
use during the Age of Exploration.
Political Science: Question 1 of 16

Which generalization about democracy is most valid?
1. democratic political systems require a highly industrialized
society
2. democratic governments first evolved in North America
3. democratic governments prevent their citizens from traveling
abroad
4. democratic governments protect basic civil liberties
Explanation: Civil liberties are simply the rights held by citizens of
a nation. In order for a democracy to exist, civil liberties must be
protected to allow citizens to be able to elect their leaders.

Which factor is necessary for the development of democratic
institutions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
strong military forces

respect for individual rights
a one-party system
an agricultural economy

Explanation: Democracies are founded upon civil liberties, which
are the individual rights of each citizen. Without respect, for these
rights, there cannot be a democracy.

Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely.
--Lord Acton, British historian
Based on this quotation, why type of government would Lord Acton
most likely support?
1.
2.
3.
4.
dictatorship
absolute monarchy
totalitarian state
representative democracy

Explanation: If absolute power does in fact corrupt absolutely, then
the only way to prevent this from happening in government is to
give power to the people so that no one person can possess absolute
power. A government in which political power rests with the people
is known as a representative democracy.

Democracy in modern Japan resulted primarily from
1. Shinto and Buddhist beliefs about equality and justice
2. reforms imposed by the United States after World War II
3. a history of imperial justice under the constitution of the
Emperor
4. the diffusion of ideas and practices from China and Korea
Explanation: After World War II, the United States imposed
democratic reforms on Japan as a way of insuring peace for the
future. These reforms led to the creation of a Parliamentary
Democracy.

After the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Soviet
Union, new nations were formed. Which generalization accurately
reflects the effect of the breakup on these new nations?
1. new nations are generally too poor and weak to become
active members of the United Nations
2. new nations rarely use their limited resources to wage war
3. national and ethnic differences often lead to instability and
violence in new nations
4. self-determination generally leads to democratic forms of
government in new nations
Explanation: Instability and violence are often caused by the
pursuit of self determination by each ethnic group.

Which statement describes a characteristic of the British
parliamentary system today?
1. the Prime Minister is elected by the majority party in
Parliament
2. the monarch serves as a strong head of state
3. the members of the House of Commons are appointed for
life
4. the minority party has no vote in the Parliament
Explanation: A parliamentary democracy is a government ruled
democratically by a national representative body that has supreme
legislative powers. This Parliament is controlled by a Prime
Minister who is elected by the majority party.
Which political system is the basis of Japans government today?

1.
2.
3.
4.
parliamentary democracy
military dictatorship
absolute monarchy
national socialism


A constitution? What for? The Koran is the oldest and most
efficient constitution in the world.
--King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (1966)
The form of government of Iran is that of an Islamic Republic.
--Article 1, Iranian Constitution (1979)
These quotations best support the idea that
1.
2.
3.
4.
the laws of Islam can be used to govern a country

every country needs elected leaders
Muslims believe in a weak central government
religion should be separated from government

Explanation: Islamic life is regulated by the Koran and the Sharia.
The Koran is the Islamic holy book. The Sharia is the Islamic
system of laws developed from the Koran. Many countries with a
large Muslim population have returned to the use of these two books
as a system of government. The movement in modern times is
referred to Islamic Fundamentalism.
Cavour Provokes War Against Austria

Mazzini Establishes Young Italy
Poles Fail in Revolt Against Russia
These headlines best reflect the concept of
1.
2.
3.
4.
nationalism
isolationism
imperialism
totalitarianism

Explanation: Nationalism is the feeling of pride in and devotion to
ones country. This often leads to revolts against foreign
domination.

What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believe would be the
result when communism finally emerged as the dominant political
and economic system?
1. Only two classes would exist in society.
2. All the evils of industrial society would disappear.
3. The Soviet Union would become the worlds only
superpower.
4. Citizens would own their individual homes and farms.
Explanation: Marx and Engels believed that their economic and
political system would create a classless society where the means of
production would be controlled by the working class, and a fair
distribution of wealth would exist.

A similarity of the rule of the ancient Mongols and the ancient
Greeks is that both
1. protected the human rights of the peoples they controlled
2. destroyed the civilizations they defeated
3. remained isolated and peaceful for centuries

4. established vast empires and spread their cultures to the
people they conquered
Explanation: Both the Mongols and Ancient Greeks established
empires that allowed the spreading of ideas through cultural
diffusion.

The code of Hammurabi is an example of
1. written rules for legal procedures
2. the power of strong kings to control trade
3. regulations on the way to conduct wars against neighboring
nations
4. the power of a legislature to veto laws passed by absolute
monarchs
Explanation: Hammurabis Code was the first major collection of
laws in history. It contain both criminal law, dealing with murder
and theft, and civil law dealing with private rights and matters, such
as business contracts and property inheritance.

. . . suspending laws . . . , by regal [royal] authority without consent
of Parliament is illegal.
--English Bill of Rights, 1689
Which form of government does the quotation support?
1.
2.
3.
4.
limited monarchy
dynastic rule
totalitarian
theocracy

Explanation: A limited monarchy is a government system in which
the monarch is limited in his/her political powers, usually by an
elected body, such as the British Parliament.

The Magna Carta, the Glorious Revolution, and the writings of John
Locke all contributed to Great Britains development of
1.
2.
3.
4.
absolute monarchy
ethnic rivalries
parliamentary democracy
imperialist policies


In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin governed by means of secret
police, censorship, and purges. This type of government is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
democracy
totalitarian
limited monarchy
theocracy

Explanation: A totalitarian state is a nation in which the
government controls every aspect of citizens lives through a single
party dictatorship. The methods often include the use of censorship,
secret police, and terror.
Speaker A: The gods approached Vishnu, the lord of creatures, and

said: Indicate to us that one person among mortals who alone is
worthy of the highest rank . . . Vishnu reflected, and brought forth
a glorious son who became the first king.
Speaker B: The traditional African society, whether it had a chief or
not, was a society of equals and it conducted its business through
discussion.
Speaker C: Ideally, the best form of government is one where every
citizen not only has a voice but also, at least occasionally, is called
on to take actual part.
Speaker D: A monarchs authority comes directly from God, and
this is how the leadership and power in a society should be
determined.
Which speakers would support the theory explaining the power of
Frances Louis XIV, Spains Philip II, and Englands Elizabeth I?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A and D
B and C
A and C
B and D

Explanation: Divine Right theory of government believes that the
rulers authority comes from God. Frances Louis XIV, Spains
Philip II, and Englands Elizabeth I all believed in this theory and
used it to justify their rule during Europes Age of Absolutism.
Culture: Question 1 of 50
Which aspect of a nations culture is most directly influenced by the
physical geography of that nation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
form of government
religious beliefs
population distribution
social class system

Explanation: People tend to live where there are abundant and
easily attainable natural resources. These resources tend to attract

industry and provide food and shelter.
One reason the cultures of North Africa developed differently from
the cultures of the rest of Africa was that these areas of Africa were
separated by the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Congo River Basin

Great Rift Valley
Sahara Desert
Arabian Sea

Explanation: The Sahara Desert has acted as a natural barrier in
Africa which resulted in the diffusion of Middle Eastern culture in
North Africa, while Sub-Saharan Africa maintained a variety of
traditional cultures until the beginning of the Slave Trade and
imperialism practiced by Europeans during the Scramble for Africa.
In China, the development of ethnocentrism was most influenced by
1.
2.
3.
4.
its historic reliance on foreign nations

a long history of democratic government
a strong belief in Christianity
its geographic isolation

Explanation: The Gobi Desert to the North, the Himalayan
Mountains to the Southwest, and the seas to the East all contribute
to the geographic isolation of China. This isolation hindered cultural
contact for many years which resulted in China considering itself
the Middle Kingdom, or the center of human civilization.
In most societies, works of art and architecture generally serve to
1.
2.
3.
4.
satisfy the needs of the leaders

limit the influence of religion
reflect the values of that society
express opposition to the government in power

Explanation: Art and architecture have typically been seen as a
window to the values of the society in which they are created.
Examples include the appreciation of the human ideal expressed in
the works of many Renaissance artists which contain human nudes,
such as Michelangelo's famous statue of David.
In modern African nations, the continued strength of the tribe or
ethnic group is a reflection of the continuing influence of
1.
2.
3.
4.
European imperialism
urban growth
the slave trade
traditional cultures

Explanation: The tribalism, which often crosses national
boundaries in modern-day Africa, illustrates the influence that
traditional culture still has in that region of the world.
Traditional African art has had the greatest influence on
1.
2.
3.
4.
classical Roman mosaics and pottery

Renaissance painting
20th century sculpture and painting
Medieval European architecture

Explanation: Elements of traditional African art, such as abstract
patterning rather than representation, can be seen in many examples
of 20th century sculpture and painting.
Which generalization is characteristic of most traditional societies?
1.
2.
3.
4.
people move from city to city seeking new jobs

sons learn the same trades as their fathers
a high degree of social mobility exists
all people have the same economic opportunities

Explanation: In traditional societies, economic opportunities are
limited to that which is practiced in the family. An example is that
in traditional societies, sons learn the same trades as their fathers.
Recent archeological studies suggest the theory that
1. the earliest humans evolved in the Rift Valley in Africa
2. farming societies developed before hunting and gathering
societies
3. all the continents were settled at about the same time
4. the wheel was used by all ancient societies
Explanation: Australopithecines, one of the earliest known human
relatives, dates back 5 million years and was discovered in the Rift
Valley of Africa.
Which factor has contributed most to the social and cultural identity
of the Middle East?
1. political stability of the region
2. ability of the region to export oil
3. lack of foreign involvement in the region
4. strong influence of Islam on the region

Explanation: Islam is the dominant religion practiced in the
cultural region knows as the Middle East, and has thus maintained
the social and cultural identity of this region.
The Chinese called their land Middle Kingdom. Europeans often
used the term backward to refer to China. These statements best
illustrate
1. the failure of geographers to establish a universal
terminology
2. the importance of East Asia in world history
3. the adoption of policies of nonalignment
4. attitudes of ethnocentrism in both cultures
Explanation: Ethnocentrism refers to the idea that one holds their
own culture to be superior to all others. Both of these statements
illustrate the ethnocentric attitudes of both the Chinese and
Europeans.
Geographic isolation of a people frequently reinforces
1.
2.
3.
4.
a traditional way of life

the development of scientific investigation
the need for higher education
a process of cultural diffusion

Explanation: Geographic isolation severely limits opportunities for
cultural diffusion, so that a society that is isolated may maintain its
traditional ways.
In most societies, urbanization has
1.
2.
3.
4.
weakened traditional values and life patterns

strengthened the influence of the extended family system
discouraged economic growth
promoted population growth

Explanation: The process of urbanization brings many people from
different backgrounds together in one place. Thus, through the
exchange of ideas from different people, traditional values tend to
be weakened.
Which statement cites an example of cultural diffusion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Venezuela has large reserves of oil

young people dance to rock music in Russia
students in China learn calligraphy in school
the Caste system is an important part of life in India

Explanation: Cultural diffusion refers to the sharing of ideas
between different societies. Since rock music was pioneered in the
United States, it can be safely assumed that it has been transmitted
to Russia and adopted by young people there.
In most traditional societies, the teaching of values is mainly the
responsibility of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
judicial system
government
educational system
family

Explanation: Families are the center of most traditional societies,
and this is where values would be taught to the young.
The study of culture primarily involves
1.
2.
3.
4.
observing the physical environment of people

learning why various peoples live as they do
understanding the technology of modern machinery
analyzing the personalities of children in the same family

Explanation: Culture refers to all of the things that make up daily
life for people. Therefore the study of culture involves learning why
people live as they do.
Extended families and limited social mobility are characteristic of
1.
2.
3.
4.
constitutional monarchies
polytheistic religions
traditional societies
socialist economies

Explanation: In traditional societies, families tend to consist of
parents, children, and other extended relatives (e.g., grandparents,
aunts, uncles, etc.). Children of these societies also are trained to do
the same work as their parents, thus limiting their opportunities for
social mobility.
People in both Japan and India eat very little meat. A study of these
cultures would show that
1. although these cultures have similar practices, the reasons

for these practices differ
2. the raising of cattle in both nations is very difficult due to the
extreme climate
3. neither culture is concerned with health issues
4. the governments of both nations enforce strict dietary laws
Explanation: The Japanese eats very little red meat due to the
abundance of life in the sea surrounding them, while many Indians
practice Hinduism in which they believe in the cycle of
reincarnation. Therefore, to a Hindu, eating animal flesh might
constitute a form of murder.
The dominance of the Spanish language in Latin America and
continued use of the French language in Senegal are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
cultural diffusion
social mobility
humanism
Marxism

Explanation: These languages are not native to these areas. Rather,
they were brought by Europeans practicing imperialism and are
therefore a form of cultural diffusion.
Which activity is the best example of cultural diffusion in Africa?
1.
2.
3.
4.
weaving kente cloth in Ghana

using masks in traditional African ceremonies
discovering bronze sculptures from Benin
practicing of Islam in Nigeria
Explanation: Islam was founded in Saudi Arabia and was

transmitted throughout the Middle East, India, and northern Africa.
Which statement about India is a fact rather than an opinion?
1. most Indians are happy with the Hindu practice of arranged
marriages
2. India is fortunate to have a multiparty system of government
3. The Mongols ruled India for more that 100 years
4. the partition of British India in 1947 helped India prosper
Explanation: Mongol rule in India is the only answer that is based
on historical fact, while the other answers represent opinions.
Which reference would be used to find the most recent information
about the gross domestic product (GDP) of a nation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
historical atlas
thesaurus
world almanac
dictionary

Explanation: Statistical information such as the GDP of a specific
country can be most easily found in a world almanac. A dictionary
and thesaurus each contain linguistic information, and an historical
atlas would contain maps from different historical periods.
Culture is sometimes referred to as a blueprint for living because
it
1. flourished best in traditional societies
2. includes all the things that contribute to a societys
development
3. is determined by genetics
4. determines the types of jobs offered to the members of a
society
Explanation: Culture is comprised of all the things that make up
daily life in an area.
In many African nations, a major result of migration from rural to
urban areas has been
1.
2.
3.
4.
a strengthening of traditional values

a decline in employment opportunities for educated Africans
a weakening of ancestral lines and kinship bonds
increased agricultural productivity

be weakened.
Which statement about Japan is a fact rather than an opinion?
1. Japanese family values have declined with modernization
2. many of Japans cultural traditions were borrowed from
China
3. rapid industrialization has caused few problems for the
Japanese people
4. traditional farming techniques in Japan were better than
modern ones
Explanation: The transmission of Chinese culture to Japan is the
only answer based in historical fact, while the other answers
represent opinions.
One similarity between the culture of traditional China under
dynastic rule and the culture of modern China under communism is
that both stress
1.
2.
3.
4.
a state-supported religion
loyalty to the authority of leaders
the importance of a matriarchal society
limits on population growth

Explanation: Both Confucianism and communism in modern China
have emphasized loyalty to the authority of leaders.
The ancient Chinese expression Middle Kingdom and the
European terms Near East and Far East best reflect
1.
2.
3.
4.
the impact of the Enlightenment on global thinking

an improved knowledge of world geography
an objective view of the worlds cultures
the influence of ethnocentrism on geographic perspective

Explanation: Both statements reveal that each culture is basing
their perspective of the world on their own geographic location.
The accusations of witchcraft in 17th century England and the
practice of foot-binding in 19th century China are examples of the
1. discrimination against women in various cultures
2. negative aspects of a matriarchal society
3. gradual improvement of womens rights around the world
4. respect give to mothers in traditional cultures

Explanation: Both of these statements are examples of
discrimination against women because they involve the maiming or
killing of women.
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in Western Europe and the
Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect each societys
1.
2.
3.
4.
imperialistic attitudes
cultural values
belief in democracy
rigid social structure

Explanation: Both buildings functioned as places of worship in
these societies. Therefore, they reflect the particular religious beliefs
of each society. These beliefs are part of their cultural values.
Before towns and cities can develop in a society, the society needs
to establish
1.
2.
3.
4.
an educational system
an agricultural surplus
a writing system
a democratic government

Explanation: Before humans were able to settle down in one place,
they needed to provide enough food for the community. This shift in
society from hunting-gathering to agriculture is known as the
Neolithic Revolution.
Which statement best supports the idea that cultural diffusion has
greatly affected Southeast Asia?
1. the population of Southeast Asia is concentrated in rural
areas
2. monsoon climates affect food production in Indonesia
3. a reliance on subsistence agriculture remains a problem for
many Southeast Asian economies
4. Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam are practiced throughout
Southeast Asia
Explanation: Buddhism and Hinduism originated in India while
Islam was founded in the Middle East. These were transmitted to
Southeast Asia through the process of cultural diffusion.
In India, which aspect of society has been most heavily influenced
by religious beliefs, tradition, and the division of labor?
1.
2.
3.
4.
caste system
policy of neutrality
urbanization
parliamentary government

Explanation: The Caste System ranked Hindus by class and divide
labor among them. For example, at the top of this system, the
Brahmin were considered the holy class, while untouchables were
considered out of caste and were only allowed to do the most menial
jobs.
One similarity between the cultures of traditional China and
traditional Japan was that
1. the educated class was held in high esteem
2. religion played a minor role in society
3. social mobility was encouraged
4. the people elected the political leaders

Explanation: Both China and Japan have traditionally held teachers
and the educated in high regard.
The invention of writing systems and the growth of cities occurred
only in civilizations that
1.
2.
3.
4.
originated in south Asia

developed matriarchal leadership
developed complex institutions
borrowed heavily from the Greeks and Romans

Explanation: A sophisticated level of organization is required for
civilizations to develop writing systems and cities.
A sociologist interested in Indian culture would most likely focus on
the study of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hinduism and its influence on life in India

Indias development of nuclear weapons
the parliamentary government of India
the influence of agricultural production on Indias Gross
national Product (GNP)

Explanation: Sociologists are interested in human social
relationships and would therefore be most likely to study the effect
of Hinduism on life in India.
In India, the Caste System determined a persons occupation,
personal associations, and marriage partner. This situation shows

that the Caste system
1.
2.
3.
4.
has helped eliminate ethnic and religious rivalries

has promoted social mobility within Indian society
has been stronger in urban areas that in rural areas
has been a way of life as well as an element of religion

Explanation: The Caste System originated in Hinduism and has
influence many facets of life in India.
During the centuries of dynastic rule, the Chinese rejected other
cultures as inferior to their own. This situation illustrates the
concept of
1.
2.
3.
4.
ethnocentrism
imperialism
social mobility
cultural diffusion

Explanation: Considering ones own culture to be superior to that
of others is an example of ethnocentrism.
Which statement best describes the status of women in most
traditional Asian societies?
1.
2.
3.
4.
women were encouraged to obtain an education

women were expected to run for political office
women were expected to dedicate their lives to their families
women were encouraged to work outside the home

Explanation: Women in most traditional Asian societies have very
few opportunities outside of the home.
One result of the Neolithic Revolution was
1.
2.
3.
4.
an increase in the number of nomadic tribes

a reliance on hunting and gathering for food
the establishment of villages and the rise of governments
a decrease in trade between cultural groups

Explanation: The Neolithic Revolution occurred 10,000 years ago
when humans began to grow crops from seeds and domesticate
animals. These developments allowed humans to establish villages
and form governments.
1.
2.
3.
4.


Explanation: Feudalism in Japan depended on a very rigid class
structure in which the peasant labored for the upper class that
provided them with land to live on and protection in times of
warfare. Likewise, the Caste System which was reinforced by
Hinduism in India, created a rigid class system consisting of priests,
warriors, landowners, peasants, and the untouchables.
Which situation best illustrates a traditional practice of women in
Masai society?
1. a young woman leaving her village to attend a university in
the capital city
2. an educated woman returning to her village to become leader

of her tribe
3. a young woman marrying and her husband giving cattle to
her family as a wedding gift
4. a young mother discouraging her children from practicing
animism
Explanation: The presentation of a dowry, or wedding gift from the
grooms family to the brides family, is an example of something
done mainly in traditional societies.
1.
2.
3.
4.


Which statement concerning modern Japan is most accurate?
1. Japan has modernized while maintaining some elements of
its traditional culture
2. Japan has become a leader in global peacekeeping efforts
3. Japan has shown little concern for its natural environment
4. Japan has severed all traditional ties in favor of western
values
Explanation: Japan followed the example of the West by
modernizing, yet managed to retain their own culture during this

process.
The introduction of Buddhism into China and of Islam into
Indonesia are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
social mobility
cultural diffusion
ethnocentrism
interdependence

Explanation: Cultural Diffusion is the spreading of ideas from one
culture to another. This is accomplished through a variety of means
such as trade and warfare.
In a traditional society, the influence of an extended family
decreases when that society is
1.
2.
3.
4.
being governed by a council of elders

experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization
faced with a decreasing population
raising only enough crops to feed its people

be weakened.
Which factor has been most responsible for the common culture
found in Japan?
1. religious diversity
2. success of democracy
3. ethnic homogeneity
4. political instability
Explanation: Japan remained a closed society for centuries, which
caused ethnic homogeneity. This resulted in a common culture
among its people as little or no immigration was allowed until quite
recently.
From a little spark may burst a mighty flame.
--Dante
Tall oaks from little acorns grow"
--David Everett
The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step.
--Lao-tzu
Which conclusion is best supported by these quotations?
1. All cultures are concerned with transportation and
conservation.
2. In all cultures, people make excuses for their mistakes.
3. Geography is important to the development of all cultures.
4. People from different cultures often view situations in
similar ways.
Explanation: Different cultures often arrive at the same conclusions
to the same problems, despite a separation of time and space.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Dome of the Rock, and the
Western (Wailing) Wall are religious sites in Jerusalem. These sites
symbolize the
1. Roman domination of the Mediterranean region in the 1st
century
2. cultural diversity of the Middle East
3. limited architectural skills of builders in the Middle East
4. geographic isolation of the city
Explanation: These places function as places of worship in these
societies. Therefore, they reflect the particular religious beliefs of
each society. These beliefs are part of their cultural values.
Throughout much of history, both China and Japan held a common
view that other nations were
1.
2.
3.
4.
valued sources of worthwhile knowledge

envoys of an advanced civilization
barbarians not worthy of their attention
sources of cheap labor and goods

Explanation: This is an example of ethnocentrism, where a
particular civilization considers itself to be superior to all others.
Historians are interested in studying Maya ruins in Mexico, the
haiku poetry of Japan, and the music of Chopin because such
cultural and intellectual developments
1.
2.
3.
4.
reflect the values of that society

illustrate the economic status of individuals in that society
help to explain the role of geography in that society
reveal the political structure of that society

Explanation: Art, architecture, and music are examples of cultural
achievements that often reflect a civilization's values.
Which term is used to describe the spread of Buddhism from India
through Southeast Asia?
1.
2.
3.
4.
ethnocentrism
isolation
imperialism
cultural diffusion

Explanation: Cultural Diffusion is the spreading of ideas from one
culture to another. This is accomplished through a variety of means
such as trade and warfare.
Early People & the Neolithic Revolution: Question 1 of

6
One reason for the development of an early civilization in the
Tigris-Euphrates river valleys was that
1. the location protected the people from land invasion
2. periodic flooding left rich soil, which was ideal for farming
3. these rivers provided a direct trade route between Europe
and Asia
4. these rivers flowed into the Mediterranean Sea
Explanation: Flowing rivers deposit fresh silt along their banks
from areas upstream. When these rivers overflow, the silt pours onto
the land providing rich soil ideal for farming.

6
Which characteristic did the early civilizations that developed along
the Nile, the Tigris-Euphrates and the Huang He (Yellow River)
have in common?
1. each societys religious beliefs were based on monotheism
2. urban communities were built using iron and steel tools
3. the form of government in each community was based on
male suffrage
4. transportation and communication were promoted by a mild
climate, fertile soil, and natural waterways
Explanation: All of these early river civilizations benefited from
increased transportation and communication due to their location on
rivers in mild climate regions.

6
The early civilizations of the Nile River Valley, Mesopotamia, and
the Yellow River Valley were similar because they were
1.
2.
3.
4.
industrialized societies
monotheistic
dependent on fertile land
dependent on each other for trade

Explanation: In order for civilization to develop in these areas, an
agricultural surplus was need to provide for the needs of the humans
living there.

6
One way in which the civilizations of the Sumerians, the
Phoenicians, and the Maya were similar is that each
1.
2.
3.
4.
developed extensive writing systems

emphasized equality in education
established monotheistic religions
encouraged democratic participation in government

Explanation: Each of the civilizations developed extensive writing
systems. The Sumerians developed the first known writing system,
cuneiform, which was pictographic in nature. The Phoenicians
developed an alphabet made of letters which could be combined to

form words. Later, this Phoenician language was adopted by the
Greeks and the Romans, and became the basis for many modern
European languages.

6
If a seignior (noble) has knocked out the tooth of a seignior of his
own rank, they shall knock out his tooth. But if he has knocked out a
commoners tooth, he shall pay one-third mina of silver.
-Code of Hammurabi
Which idea of Babylonian society does this portion of the
Hammurabi code of law reflect?
1.
2.
3.
4.
all men were equal under the law

fines were preferable to corporal punishment
divisions existed between social classes
violence was always punished with violence

Explanation: The unequal justice afforded to these social classes
indicates that clear divisions existed between social classes.

6
The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt were similar in
that both cultures
1.
2.
3.
4.
developed along rivers

used the ziggurat form for their temples
established trade routes to China
used a hieroglyphic writing system

Explanation: Ancient Egyptian society developed along the Nile
River, while the civilization in Mesopotamia, or the Fertile
Crescent, developed along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Religions & Philosophies: Question 1 of 26

Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
and the Great Pyramid in Egypt are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs

the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
the influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary
architecture

Explanation: Each of these architectural examples are religious in
nature and thus reflect the religious beliefs of those societies that
built them.

Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the central authority of the Pope

a prohibition of the consumption of port
reincarnation and the Four Noble Truths
monotheism and ethical conduct

Explanation: All of these religions believe in one god and that
people should treat each other kindly.
More Information

Which is a valid statement about the history of South Asia?
1. Religious beliefs have both unified and divided the people of
the region.
2. Little cultural diffusion has occurred in this region.
3. Urbanization has strengthened the traditional beliefs and
lifestyles of the people of the region.
4. Superpower involvement has brought peace and economic
prosperity to the region.

Explanation: While Hinduism and Islam have each served to unify
South Asia (Indian sub-continent) at one time or another, they have
also led to conflict during times such as the movement for Indian
independence and the numerous boundary disputes between India
and Pakistan.

When I go to the office, I put on my shirt and I take off my caste;
when I come home, I take off my shirt and I put on my caste.
What is the main idea of this quotation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the caste system continues to influence Indian society

the caste system has been reflected by most Indians
successful urban workers in India belong the same Caste
the Indian government officially supports the Caste system

Explanation: While the Caste System has been outlawed in India, it
is still a traditional custom which affects many Indians.
More Information

According the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful
organization of society is that
1.
2.
3.
4.
the ruler should be chosen democratically

the evil in humans must be eliminated
ancestor worship should be discontinued
individuals should know and do what is expected of them

Explanation: Confucianism teaches that society needs to be
ordered. In such a society, individuals should know and do what is
expected of them.
More Information

In traditional Chinese culture, which philosophy had the greatest
influence on the development of social order and political
organization?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Taoism
Shintoism
Confucianism
Marxism

expected of them.
More Information

The teachings of Confucius encouraged people to
1.
2.
3.
4.
put their own interests first

reject government authority
believe in reincarnation
follow a code of moral conduct

expected of them, and a follow a code of moral conduct.
More Information
In Japan, the martial arts, the tea ceremony, and flower arranging
best reflect the influences of
1.
2.
3.
4.
imperialism and militarism

Buddhism and Shintoism
capitalism
mercantilism

Explanation: Martial arts, the tea ceremony, and flower are closely
associated with the practice of Buddhism and Shintoism in Japan.

A person who practices the Shinto faith would be most likely to
1.
2.
3.
4.
visit a shrine placed on the shore of a lake

pray five times a day
bathe in the Ganges River
make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem

Explanation: Shinto places a great emphasis on nature and the
kami, or spirits, which inhabit all living things.
More Information

Taoism and Shintoism are similar in that both religions stress
1.
2.
3.
4.
adhering to the five Confucian relationships

following the Eightfold Path
developing harmony between humans and nature
believing in one God

Explanation: Taoism is a Chinese philosophy which focuses on
nature by emphasizing the way. This philosophy dictates that
people should passively accept nature in order to be in harmony
with it. The Japanese Shinto faith states that all living things are
inhabited by kami, or spirits.
More Information

One similarity between the Five Pillars of Islam and the Ten
Commandments is that both
1.
2.
3.
4.
support a belief in reincarnation

promote learning as a means to salvation
encourage the use of statues to symbolize God
provide a guide to proper ethical and moral behavior

Explanation: Both the Five Pillars and the Ten Commandments
provide rules to guide proper behavior. For example, one of the Five
Pillars states that Muslims must give alms to the poor, and one of
the Ten Commandments states that thou shall not kill.
More Information

One way in which Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and
Protestantism are similar is that each
1.
2.
3.
4.
accepts the supreme authority of the Pope

rejects the Old Testament as part of the Bible
is a branch of Christianity
was once the official religion of the Byzantine Empire

Explanation: Each of these three religious denominations holds
Jesus of Nazareth as the savior of mankind.
More Information
The Koran, jihad, and the hegira are most closely associated with
the practice of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Islam
Judaism
Shinto
Buddhism

Explanation: The Koran is the holy book of Islam, consisting of the
prophet Mohammeds teachings. Mohammed instructed Muslims
that anyone who died in a jihad (holy war) would go directly to
heaven. In 632 AD, Mohammed was forced to flee from Mecca to
Medina. This event is the starting point of the Muslim calendar and
is referred to as the Hegira.
More Information

The Buddhist religion teaches that salvation is earned by
1.
2.
3.
4.
following the Ten Commandments

worshiping Allah as the one true god
learning to give up selfish desire
being baptized and confirmed

Explanation: Buddha taught that the root cause of all suffering was
desire, and that to end ones desire would end their suffering as
well.
More Information

Confucianism in traditional China served to
1. maintain social order
2. create ethnic unrest
3. emphasize material wealth
4. support democratic government

Explanation: Kong Fu Zi taught that society needed to be ordered,
as exemplified by the Five Relationships. If order was not
maintained, then society would crumble.
More Information

Traditional animistic beliefs in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are
based on
1.
2.
3.
4.
a desire for wealth

a written tradition
an appreciation for the forces of nature
a willingness to accept Christianity

Explanation: All forms of Animism center around an appreciation
for nature which is exhibited by the belief that many Animists hold
that all living things contain spirits.
More Information

Jewish religions and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ramadan and the concept of reincarnation

the Torah and the Diaspora
the New Testament and the Four Noble Truths
the Koran and the code of bushido

Explanation: The Torah is the Jewish holy book. The Diaspora
refers to the world-wide scattering of Jews after they were forced to
leave their homeland in the Middle East by the Romans.
More Information

In India, the Caste system determined a persons occupation,
personal associations, and marriage partner. This situation shows
that the Caste system
1.
2.
3.
4.
has helped eliminate ethnic and religious rivalries

has promoted social mobility within Indian society
has been stronger in urban areas that in rural areas
has been a way of life as well as an element of religion

Explanation: The Hindu Caste system is reinforced both by
religious elements associated with reincarnation such as karma and
dharma, as well as social practices in India.
More Information

Mansa Musas journey to Mecca in the 1300s is evidence that
1. the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa
2. most African leaders were educated in the Middle East
3. European culture was superior to the cultures of western
Africa
4. Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire
Explanation: Mansa Musa was fulfilling one of the Five Pillars of
Islam by making a pilgrimage from Mali to Mecca. This indicates
that Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire, because one of
its greatest rulers was a practicing Muslim.

From as early as I can remember, the Emperor was an important
presence even in our remote home. He was a descendant of the gods
from thousands of years before, never to be looked at or listened to

by mere mortals, a presence to be revered and protected and
obeyedFinally, my family and neighbors gathered around the
radio and listened in stunned silence to the voice that had never
before been heard, saying he was only human after all. Everyone
was crying. I was sad and confused
The attitudes toward the Emperor expressed in this passage were
based in the traditions of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Shintoism
Christianity
Islam
Judaism

Explanation: Shintoism is the Japanese religion that stresses the
link between people and forces of nature. This also includes a belief
in the divinity of the Japanese Emperors.
More Information

Beginning with childhood, all of mans study is centered on one
aim alone to emerge successfully from the three days
examination and all he has in his mind is what success can bring
to him in terms of power, influence, and prestige.
-Ye Shib, Chinese scholar
This quotation refers to the Chinese
1.
2.
3.
4.
civil service system

social welfare system
contemplation of nature
religious practices

Explanation: The Chinese civil service exam centered on the
teachings of Confucius. Confucianism teaches that society needs to
be ordered. In such a society, individuals should know and do what
is expected of them, and a follow a code of moral conduct.

The Eightfold Path, the Four Noble Truths, and the concept of
nirvana are associated with the religion of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Islam
Jainism
Shinto
Buddhism

Explanation: Buddhism developed in India, and is based on many
of the core concepts of Hinduism. Buddha taught that the root cause
of all suffering was desire, and that to end ones desire would end
their suffering as well. This was accomplished by following the
Eightfold Path. The ultimate goal of Buddhism is reaching nirvana,
or spiritual enlightenment.
More Information

One way in which the Vedas, the Bible, and the Koran are similar is
that these religious books
1. provide guidelines to govern the behavior of believers
2. deny the existence of a supreme being who rules the
universe
3. encourage strife between segments of believers
4. support political rebellions to overthrow existing
governments
Explanation: Religious writings in many civilizations provide
guidance on moral behavior.
More Information

Which values are most closely associated with the fundamental
principles of Buddhism?
1. competition and financial success
2. maintaining the caste system and providing education for all
people
3. practicing nonviolence and giving up worldly desires
4. self-determination and democracy
Explanation: Buddha taught that the root cause of all suffering was
desire, and that to end ones desire would end their suffering as
well. This was accomplished by following the Eightfold Path. The
ultimate goal of Buddhism is reaching nirvana, or spiritual
enlightenment.
More Information

A belief of animism is that
1.
2.
3.
4.
after death the soul is reborn in another human form

holy wars must be fought to gain entry into heaven
meditation leads followers to nirvana
spirits of nature inhabit all living and nonliving objects

Explanation: Animists practice nature worship. They believe that
everything in the universe has a spirit. This is exemplified by the
practices of the Plains Indians in North America who would praise
the spirit of the buffalo that they killed for giving its life to them so
that they might survive. Animists also believed that ancestors watch
over the living from the spirit world. This belief resulted in ancestor
worship as a means of communicating with and showing respect to
ancestors.
More Information

The Analects:
In his [the leader] personal conduct, he was respectful. In his
serving his superiors, he was reverent. In his nourishing the people,
he was kind. In governing the people, he was righteous.
Confucius
These selections show that the ancient civilizations who developed
these concepts placed emphasis on
1.
2.
3.
4.
anarchy
law
trade
architecture

expected of them, and a follow a code of moral conduct.
More Information
Rise & Fall of Great Empires: Question 1 of 24

A major impact of Ancient Greece and Rome on Western
Civilization was that
1. the Greeks and Romans succeeded in achieving a classless
society, which was later copied in Western Europe
2. Greek sculpture and Roman architecture were much admired
and copied in the 18th and 19th centuries
3. Greece and Rome transmitted Islamic philosophy to the
areas they conquered
4. Greek and Latin are still widely spoken in universities
throughout the West
Explanation: With the reemergence of democracy, classical Greek
and Roman architecture was copied during the 1700s and 1800s.
More Information

The Ancient Romans most significant contribution to Europe has
been in the area of
1.
2.
3.
4.
economics
poetry
drama
law

Explanation: The Twelve Tables of Law are considered the first
example of codified law in Europe and were created in Ancient
Rome.
More Information

An immediate result of the fall of the Roman Empire was
1.
2.
3.
4.
a renewed interest in education and the arts

a period of disorder and weak central government
an increase in trade and manufacturing
the growth of cities and dominance by the middle class

Explanation: The period after the fall of Rome in Europe is often
referred to as the Dark Ages because of the lack of learning and
establishment of feudalism.

The Ancient Athenians are credited with
1. inventing and using the wheel
2. eliminating slavery
3. establishing governments that had democratic elements
4. inventing the printing press

Explanation: The Greek city-state of Athens was one of the earliest
known places to incorporate direct democracy.
More Information

Both the Ancient Romans and the Ancient Chinese viewed
foreigners as barbarians. This is an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
cultural diffusion
materialism
imperialism
ethnocentrism

Explanation: Ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own group is
superior to others. Both the Ancient Romans and Ancient Chinese
exhibited this by referring to outsiders as barbarians.

A major contribution of the Roman Republic to Western European
culture was the
1. concept of government by laws
2. belief that political power should be controlled by the
military
3. establishment of agricultural communes
4. rejection of the concept of slavery
Explanation: The Twelve Tables of Roman Law contributed
greatly to Western European culture because it set the precedent that
government should follow certain laws.
More Information

Which ancient civilization established the basis of western
democracy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Phoenician
Egyptian
Sumerian
Greek

Explanation: The Greek city-state of Athens was one of the earliest
known places to incorporate direct democracy.
More Information

The political system of the Ancient Roman Empire was
characterized by
1.
2.
3.
4.
a strong central government

rule by a coalition of emperors and religious leaders
universal suffrage in national elections
a strict adherence to constitutional principles

Explanation: The Roman Empire was ruled by one person called an
emperor, and is therefore an example of a strong central
government.
More Information

Which societal condition was basic to the development of Greek
philosophy?
1. rigid social classes
2. emphasis on individualism
3. religious uniformity
4. mass education
Explanation: Education was an important part of life in the Greek
City-State of Athens. However, education was limited to male
citizens.
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Important long-term contributions of Ancient Greek and Roman
civilizations are primarily found in the area of
1.
2.
3.
4.
military technology
religious doctrine
economic policy and planning
government and law

Explanation: Both Ancient Greece and the Roman Republic are
known for their use of democracy in government. Rome also
contributed to the area of law through the creation of the Twelve
Tables of Law.
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The Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta
1.
2.
3.
4.
was primarily concerned with the health of their people

was a powerful military state
granted universal suffrage to their people
placed great emphasis on literature and the arts

Explanation: Sparta was a totalitarian Greek city-state that required
all males to serve in the military.

An immediate result of the fall of the Roman Empire was
1.
2.
3.
4.
a renewed interest in education and the arts

a period of disorder and weak central government
an increase in trade and manufacturing
the growth of cities and dominance by the middle class

Explanation: The fall of Rome led to an extended period of
disunity during the Middle Ages that was characterized by
feudalism.

philosophy and Renaissance art?
1.
2.
3.
4.
rigid social classes

emphasis on individualism
religious uniformity
mass education

Explanation: The flowering of civilization that occurred during
Ancient Greece and Renaissance Italy can be attributed to the
emphasis that both societies placed on individual worth. This
emphasis caused contemporaries of both periods to excel in their
endeavors and contributions to the world.
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An influence that spread from the Byzantine Empire to Early Russia
was the
1. Orthodox Christian religion
2. use of the Latin alphabet
3. beginning of democracy
4. factory system
Explanation: Orthodox Christianity has its roots in the Byzantine
Empire, which was transmitted to Russia when its rulers concerted
to the religion around the turn of the first millennium.

The adoption of the Eastern Orthodox religion and the Cyrillic
alphabet by the Russian people occurred as a result of
1.
2.
3.
4.
territorial expansion during the reign of Catherine the Great

the westernization policies of Peter the Great
contact with Byzantine culture in the 10th century
the influence of the Crusaders during the Middle Ages

Explanation: These cultural elements were transmitted from the
Byzantine to Russia around the turn of the first millennium.

One similarity between Axum, Kush, and Nubia was that they were
1.
2.
3.
4.
military leaders in the Neolithic Age

rivers along which early trade developed
writers of epic poems about Greek cities
early civilizations in Africa

Explanation: All of these civilizations were located in Africa.
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One similarity between the decline of the Roman Empire and the
fall of the Manchu Dynasty was that both initially led to

1.
2.
3.
4.
improved economic conditions

democratically elected governments
political chaos and decentralization of government
major accomplishments in art, science, and technology

Explanation: The fall of the Roman Empire led to the outgrowth of
feudalism during the Middle Ages in Europe, while the fall of the
Manchu Dynasty in China led to an extended period of warlord
control that was not ended until Mao Zedongs communist victory
in 1949.

A major contribution of the Roman Empire to Western society was
the development of
1.
2.
3.
4.
gunpowder
the principles of revolutionary socialism
monotheism
an effective legal system

Explanation: The Twelve Tables of Rome were the first codified
laws in Europe, and thus led to the development of an effective legal
system.
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After the fall of Rome, the eastern portion of the Roman Empire
became known as the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Persian Empire
Byzantine Empire
Mongol Empire
Gupta Empire

Explanation: The eastern portion of the Roman Empire, with its
capital at Constantinople in modern-day Istanbul, Turkey, was
known as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of Rome.

Which conclusion can be drawn from a study of the early
civilizations of Axum, Kush, Mali and Songhai?
1. these African societies flourished at the same time
2. farming was more extensive in the Nile River Valley than it
was in the Fertile Crescent
3. the Neolithic Revolution occurred in Africa
4. these societies had a long and rich history before their first
contact with Europeans
Explanation: Evidence of the African civilizations of Axum, Kush,
Mali, Songhai, and Great Zimbabwe indicates that many parts of
Africa had a long and rich history before Europeans arrived in the
1600s.
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A major effect of the decline of the Roman Empire was that
Western Europe
1.
2.
3.
4.
came under the control of the Muslims

was absorbed by the Byzantine Empire
returned to a republican form of government
entered a period of chaos and disorder

Explanation: For nearly 1,000 years after the fall of Rome, Europe
experienced the Dark Ages which was characterized by a lack of
learning or progress and the institution of feudalism.

Which characteristic was common to the Golden Age of Greece and
the Italian Renaissance?
1. a strong military led to national unity
2. written constitutions led to the establishment of democratic
governments
3. prosperity led to the creation of many works of art
4. political instability led directly to the formation of unified
nation-states
Explanation: The wealth of both the Golden Age of Greece and the
Italian Renaissance allowed these societies to concentrate on culture
and support the arts.
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During the centuries of dynastic rule, the Chinese rejected other
cultures as inferior to their own. This situation illustrates the
concept of
1.
2.
3.
4.
ethnocentrism
imperialism
social mobility
cultural diffusion

Explanation: Ethnocentrism is defined as the belief that ones own
culture or group is superior to another.

Alexander the Greats conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and
Persia led to the
1. spread of Hellenic culture
2. adoption of a feudal system
3. establishment of representative democracy

4. spread of Islamic culture throughout Europe
Explanation: Hellenistic culture was a blending of Greek, Asian,
Persian, and Egyptian traditions. This culture was developed and
spread as Alexander made his conquests across the ancient world.
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African Trading Kingdoms: Question 1 of 5

One similarity between the Ancient African kingdoms of Egypt,
Ghana, Mali and Songhai is that all of these kingdoms were located
1.
2.
3.
4.
in mountainous terrain
in coastal areas
on major trading routes
in rain forest areas

Explanation: All of these civilizations were located on major trade
routes in Africa.
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One reason the ancient kingdoms in western Africa prospered was
that they
1.
2.
3.
4.
were located along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

had no contact with the rest of the world
followed the Hindu beliefs of their rulers
developed extensive trade in gold, ivory, and salt

Explanation: The West African trading kingdoms, such as Mali and
Songhai, flourished due to their extensive trade in gold, ivory, and
salt.
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Africa
Explanation: Making a pilgrimage to Mecca is one of the Five
Pillars of Islam. Therefore, Mali leader Mansa Musas journey
indicates that he was a Muslim.
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The contributions of the ancient civilizations of Ghana, Axum,
Kush, and Mali demonstrate that
1. industrial technology was needed for African civilizations to
develop
2. many African civilizations developed in southern Africa
3. most of the African Continent was unified under a single
political system
4. advanced societies developed in Africa before Europeans
colonized this region
salt.
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A similarity between the ancient western African kingdoms of Mali,
Ghana, and Songhai is that these kingdoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
limited the power of their rulers

practiced Christianity
established economies based on trade
isolated themselves from contact with other cultures

salt.
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Byzantine Empire: Question 1 of 3

Western Europe owed a debt of gratitude to the Empire that for
almost a thousand years ensured the survival of Christianity during a
time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task.
Which Empire is referred to in this quotation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hellenistic
Mongol
Byzantine
Ottoman

Explanation: Christianity continued to flourish in the Byzantine
Empire, even after Rome fell in 476 CE.

An influence that spread from the Byzantine Empire to Early Russia
was the
1. Orthodox Christian religion
2. use of the Latin alphabet
3. beginning of democracy
4. factory system
Explanation: Christianity continued to thrive in the Byzantine
Empire after the schism with the Catholic Church. Eventually, it
became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and spread
throughout Russia.

Which empire introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church and the
Cyrillic alphabet to Russia?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mongol
Byzantine
British
Gupta

Explanation: The Byzantine Empire introduced both the Eastern
Orthodox Religion and the Cyrillic alphabet to the early Russian
civilization.
Islamic Empires / Spread of Islam: Question 1 of 5

A major feature of the Golden Age of Moslem culture was the
1. political and economic isolation of the Arab world
2. development of the foundations of modern science and
mathematics
3. adoption of democratic government
4. persecution of Jews and Christians
Explanation: The Arab World contributed greatly to modern
science and mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam.

Which factor helps explain the scientific and literary achievements
of the Muslims during their Golden Age (A.D. 800-1300)?

1. expansion of trans-Atlantic trade
2. innovations introduced by the Europeans during the
Renaissance
3. cultural diversity accepted by many Islamic governments
4. legal equality of all people in the Islamic empire
Explanation: As Islam expanded, many governments in newly
conquered areas recognized the rights of Arab and non-Arab
Muslims as well as those of Jews and Christians.

Africa
Explanation: Mansa Musa was fulfilling one of the Five Pillars of
Islam by making a pilgrimage from Mali to Mecca. This indicates
that Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire, because one of
its greatest rulers was a practicing Muslim.

Which activity occurred during the Golden Age of Muslim culture?
1. destruction of books containing Greek and Roman ideas
2. beginning of pilgrimages to Mecca
3. opposition to freedom of thought and to foreign ideas by
rulers
4. major discoveries in mathematics and science


The contributions of the Golden Age of Islamic civilization include
1.
2.
3.
4.
advances in mathematics
irrigation systems
polytheistic beliefs
gunpowder and guns

Medieval Europe: Question 1 of 21

In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce
resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
lower living standards for industrial workers

decreased economic rivalry between kings
increased political power for the clergy
development of towns and cities

Explanation: Medieval cities were supported by trade, exchange,
production, consumption, and moneymaking. Many of the
businesses that exist today, such as banks and corporations, can
trace their ancestry to the Middle Ages.

During the Middle Ages, Europeans did not eat potatoes or corn
because these vegetables
1. were forbidden by the Catholic Church for religious reasons
2. had not yet been introduced to Europe from the New World
3. were believed to be poisonous
4. were too expensive to import from China

Explanation: Corn and potatoes were introduced to Europe after
explorers returned with them from their voyages to the Americas.

All things were under its domain...its power was such that no one
could hope to escape its scrutiny.
Which European institution during the Middle Ages is best
described by this statement?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Guild
Knighthood
the Church
the nation-state

Explanation: The Catholic Church was at the center of life in
Europe during the Middle Ages.

The Middle Ages in Western Europe was characterized by
1.
2.
3.
4.
the manor system and the importance of land ownership

absolute monarchies and strong central governments
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East

Explanation: Manorialism was the cornerstone of European society
in the Middle Ages. Nobility who held land, the only thing of value
during the period, ruled these manors.
Feudal societies are generally characterized by

1.
2.
3.
4.
an emphasis on social order

a representative government
many economic opportunities
the protection of political rights

Explanation: Feudal societies such as those found in Europe during
the Middle Ages and in Japan prior to the Meiji Resoration, are
dominated by rigid class systems in which the landed nobility
controlled the daily lives of those living on their property in
exchange for providing protection for them.

In Europe, a long-term effect of the Crusades was
1.
2.
3.
4.
the strengthening of the feudal system

the adoption of Islamic religious practices
an increased demand for goods from the East
increased European isolation

Explanation: As Crusaders brought back spices and other goods
from the encounter in the Middle East, demand for these products in
Europe increased.

The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe
generally dealt with
1.
2.
3.
4.
human scientific achievements

religious themes
materialism
classic Greek and Roman subjects

Explanation: Religious themes dominated the art of Europe during
the Middle Ages because the Catholic Church was dominant in the
lives of everyone during this era.
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Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
1. Europeans maintained a lasting control over much of the
Middle East
2. Islamic influence dominated Europe
3. Europeans developed tolerance of Non-Christian religions
4. trade between Europe and the Middle East was expanded
Explanation: While Europeans were unable to maintain control of
the Holy Land in the Middle East, trade between the two areas
increased as demand grew for the spices and other items brought
back to Europe by the Crusaders.

What were two indirect results of the Crusades?
1. trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was
strengthened
2. trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was
strengthened
3. trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was
weakened
4. trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was
weakened
Explanation: The Crusades provided new opportunities for the
serfs living on medieval manors in Europe to travel to the Middle
East to fight the Muslims. As the Crusades ended, Europeans
brought back spices and other items which caused trade between the
two areas to increase.

In Europe during the Middle Ages, the force that provided
unification and stability was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
central government in Rome

military alliance between France and Germany
federation of the craft guilds
Roman Catholic Church


Feudalism in Western Europe was similar to feudalism in Japan in
that
1.
2.
3.
4.
power was based on class relationships

equality among the social classes
direct democracy
monotheism

Explanation: Feudalism in Europe and Japan depended on a very
rigid class structure in which the peasant labored for the upper class
who provided them with land to live on and protection in times of
warfare.

Which is a characteristic of a feudal society?
1.
2.
3.
4.
rapid social change

high literacy rate
industrial-based economy
rigid class structure
Explanation: Feudalism in Europe and Japan depended on a very

rigid class structure in which the peasant labored for the upper class
who provided them with land to live on and protection in times of
warfare.

In Europe, the Crusades resulted in
1. greater isolation of the region from the world
2. an increased demand for goods from the Middle East and
Asia
3. the adoption of Islam as the official religion of many
European nations
4. the strengthening of the feudal system
Explanation: As the crusaders returned from the Middle East to
Europe, they brought with them a sample of the exotic spices and
goods available from that part of the world. This resulted in an
increased demand for these luxury goods and fueled trade between
Europe and the rest of the world.

One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was that
they
1. led to a decline in the importance of the church in Western
Europe
2. furthered cultural diffusion throughout Western Europe
3. introduced the Industrial Revolution to Western Europe
4. ended the western European quest for an overseas empire
Explanation: As the crusaders returned from the Middle East to
Europe, they brought with them a sample of the exotic spices and
goods available from that part of the world. This resulted in an
increased demand for these luxury goods and fueled trade between
Europe and the rest of the world. A direct result of this trade was
cultural diffusion as contact between these areas became more
frequent.

In European feudal society, an individuals social status was
generally determined by
1.
2.
3.
4.
birth
education and training
individual abilities
marriage

Explanation: Feudal Europe had a rigid class structure in which
ones status as a peasant or member of royalty was determined by
birthright.

Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle
Ages?
1.
2.
3.
4.
free market
socialism
manorialism
command

Explanation: The Manor System organized labor during the Middle
Ages in Europe and provided those who lived on the manor with
their basic economic needs.

One major result of the Crusades was the
1. permanent occupation of the Holy Land by the Europeans
2. long-term decrease in European trade
3. conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
4. spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe

Explanation: As European Crusaders returned to Europe from the
Middle East, they brought with them ideas and technologies. These
included the Hindu-Arabic numbering system, the concept of zero,
and sailing technologies such as the astrolabe and compass.

The growth of feudalism in Europe during the Middle Ages was
primarily caused by the
1.
2.
3.
4.
rivalry between the colonial empires

suppression of internationalism
decline of the Roman Catholic Church
collapse of a strong central government

Explanation: The collapse of the Roman Empire was finalized in
476 CE, when the city of Rome was sacked. For nearly 1,000 years
afterward no single centralized government was able to maintain
control of Europe. As a result, the region became dominated by
feudalism in order to meet the basic need for protection which was
necessary for survival.

The Crusades have been called historys most successful failures.
Which statement best explains this expression?
1. The Crusades did not achieve their original goals, but they
brought about many desirable changes in Europe.
2. Although the Crusaders captured the Holy Land, they were
unable to bring about democratic reforms.
3. The Crusades helped bring about the fall of the Roman
Empire
4. The Crusaders prevented the Turks from capturing
Constantinople for many centuries

Explanation: The Crusades provided new opportunities for the
serfs living on medieval manors in Europe to travel to the Middle
East to fight the Muslims. As the Crusades ended, Europeans
brought back spices and other items which caused trade between the
two areas to increase.

The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages in Europe can
best be described as a church that
1.
2.
3.
4.
favored separation from secular governments

avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a strong force that divided many people
was a stabilizing influence during a period of weak central
governments


A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096
1291) was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
establish Christianity in western Europe

capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers
unite warring Arab peoples
strengthen English dominance in the Arab world

Explanation: The Europeans wanted to capture this area to protect
Christian missionaries and pilgrims. Others reasons may include the
hope for wealth and glory.
Feudal Japan: Question 1 of 8

Korea greatly influenced the development of early Japan by
1.
2.
3.
4.
acting as a bridge for ideas from China

providing Japan with the technology for industrialization
serving as a barrier against Chinese aggression
protecting Japan from early European exploration

Explanation: During the 300s-400s AD, Korea acted as a conduit
for the transfer of culture from China to Japan. Archaeological
discoveries indicate that a continuous flow of new technologies,
materials, and immigrants was arriving in Japan from the Korea
Peninsula. The Japanese learned how to cast bronze spearheads and
bells, and historical records indicate that, by the late 5th century,
Korean artisans had brought in more advanced methods of working
iron, making swords and armor, firing finer and more durable
ceramics, and manufacturing stirrups, bridles, and saddles. The
Chinese writing system was introduced to Japan at about the same
time. Writing made it possible for a new specialized class of scribes
to compile and keep records, and it opened Japan to the influence of
Chinese literary, religious, and philosophical culture. Soon after,
Korean scholars introduced Confucianism and Buddhism to Japan.

In Japan between 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by
the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
military conquest of China

development of extensive trade with the Americas
formation of cultural links with Europe
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world

Explanation: Japan was not opened to trade with the outside world
until the 1853 visit of American Commodore Matthew Perry. As a
result, in 1868 the Emperor was restored to the throne.

The code of bushido of the Japanese samurai is most similar to
1.
2.
3.
4.
belief in reincarnation and karma of Hindus

practice of chivalry by European knights
teachings of Judaism
theory of natural rights of the Enlightenment writers

Explanation: Both bushido, the way of the warrior, and chivalric
practices in Europe were examples of honor codes practiced by
warriors in these two feudal societies.

Feudal societies are generally characterized by
1.
2.
3.
4.
an emphasis on social order

a representative government
many economic opportunities
the protection of political rights

controled the daily lives of those living on their property in

Feudalism in Western Europe was similar to feudalism in Japan in
that
1.
2.
3.
4.
power was based on class relationships

equality among the social classes
direct democracy
monotheism



Which is a characteristic of a feudal society?
1.
2.
3.
4.
rapid social change

high literacy rate
industrial-based economy
rigid class structure


The diagram illustrates the social structure of feudal Japan.
This pyramid shows that feudal Japan had
1.
2.
3.
4.
a classless society
a growing middle class
high social mobility
a well-defined class system
Explanation: Feudal Japan had a rigid class system enforced by ties

of loyalty between the shogun, samurai, and peasants.

A valid generalization about early Japanese culture is that Japan
1. had a strong influence on the development of culture in
Korea
2. spread Shinto throughout Asia
3. maintained a uniquely individual culture while borrowing
much from other cultures
4. imported almost all of its cultural ideas from China, resulting
in nearly identical cultures
Explanation: Early Japan culture borrowed heavily from both
China and Korea, with Korea often acting as a bridge between the
two. However, Japan blended these ideas with their own original
traditions to create their unique culture.
Mongol Empire: Question 1 of 1

The Mongols played a significant role in Russian history by
1.
2.
3.
4.
supporting Czar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution

supporting the rule of Ivan the Terrible
ending the reign of Catherine the Great
isolating Russia from Western Europe during the early
Renaissance

Explanation: The Mongols controlled Russia from the early 1200s
until 1480, during which time Russian contact with Europe was
limited.
European Renaissance: Question 1 of 15

In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism was
1. a belief in the supremacy of the state in relation to individual

rights
2. a rejection of ancient civilizations and their cultures
3. an emphasis on social control and obedience to national
rulers
4. an appreciation for the basic worth of individual
achievement
Explanation: Humanism emphasizes the dignity and worth of the
individual. This philosophy caused many in Europe to strive for
personal excellence during the Renaissance. Its influence can be
seen in the work of Leonardo Da Vinci and many others of the
period.
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Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance
in Europe?
1. the social structure became very rigid
2. creativity in the arts was encouraged
3. the political structure was similar to that of the Roman
Empire
4. humanism decreased in importance
Explanation: The philosophy of humanism became very popular
during the Renaissance and resulted in individual expression by
some of the greatest European artists of all time including Leonardo
da Vinci and Michelangelo.
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Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleeptime was when
learning was only found in the religious orderslearning has passed
to secular princes and peers.

This quotation best describes the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Renaissance
decline of the Roman Empire
Crusades
rise of Christianity

Explanation: The term renaissance is used to describe the
cultural rebirth of Europe after the Dark Ages.
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Which was a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
1.
2.
3.
4.
conformity
humanism
mysticism
obedience

during the Renaissance and resulted in individual expression by
some of the greatest European artists of all time including Leonardo
da Vinci and Michelangelo.
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Which statement describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on
Western Europe?
1. the philosophy of humanism brought about a decrease in the
power of the Roman Catholic Church
2. art began to reflect an increased emphasis on religious
themes
3. nationalistic movements among the minority ethnic groups

in the region declines
4. the feudal system was developed to provide stability in a
decentralized political structure
Explanation: The popularity of the philosophy of Humanism, or the
emphasis on individuality, caused many to question traditional
authority during the Renaissance. Of course, the most traditional
source of authority at this time in Europe was the Catholic Church,
which had engaged in practices that many found distasteful such as
the selling of indulgences.
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The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were similar in that
both were
1.
2.
3.
4.
stimulated by a spirit of inquiry

supported by the working class
limited to Italy, France, and Germany
encouraged by the successes of the French Revolution

Explanation: Thinkers during both the Renaissance and the
Protestant Reformation refused to accept Church teachings as the
only truth and instead sought answers based on their own
observations and interpretations of the world around them.
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Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both
the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?
1. feudalism became the dominant political system
2. the use of reason and logic were discouraged
3. technology and science were considered unimportant
4. a new questioning spirit and attitude emerged

Enlightenment questioned tradition and sought answers based on
their own observations and interpretations of the world around them.
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One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in Northern Italy
was that the region had
1.
2.
3.
4.
a wealthy class that invested in the arts

a socialist for of government
limited contact with the Byzantine Empire
a shrinking middle class

Explanation: Wealthy families, such as the Medici, in Northern
Italy invested in the arts and hired world-class artists such as
Michelangelo and Botticelli, thus encouraging the movement toward
individual expression embodied by Humanism.
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European society during the Renaissance differed from European
society during the Middle Ages in that during the Renaissance
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Church was no longer influential

the emphasis on individual worth increased
economic activity declined
art no longer contained religious themes

during the Renaissance and resulted in the increase of individual
worth which was expressed by some of the greatest European artists

of all time including Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.
More Information

philosophy and Renaissance art?
1.
2.
3.
4.
rigid social classes

emphasis on individualism
religious uniformity
mass education

Explanation: An emphasis on individuality was critical to the
development of education and philosophy in Ancient Greece as well
as promoting the works of Renaissance artists such as Leonardo da
Vinci and Michelangelo.
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The humanists of the Renaissance differed from the traditional
medieval philosophers in the humanists
1.
2.
3.
4.
interest in the spiritual life of people

lack of interest in Ancient Greek and Roman culture
rejection of Christian principles
emphasis on the importance of the individual

Explanation: Medieval European philosophers were concerned
with spiritual matters while humanists placed an emphasis on
individual worth.
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Which characteristic was common to the Golden Age of Greece and
the Italian Renaissance?
1. a strong military led to national unity
2. written constitutions led to the establishment of democratic
governments
3. prosperity led to the creation of many works of art
4. political instability led directly to the formation of unified
nation-states
Explanation: During the Golden Age of Greece and the Italian
Renaissance, increased wealth allowed patrons to pay artists to
produce great works of art.
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Which idea about leadership would Niccolo Machiavelli most likely
support?
1. leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve their
goals
2. leaders should fight against discrimination and intolerance
3. leaders should listen to the desires of the people
4. elected leaders should be fair and good
Explanation: In his book The Prince, Machiavelli urged leaders not
to trust their subjects, and to be ruthless in achieving their goals.
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In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the
philosophy of humanism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
superiority of medieval thought

devotion to religion
value of the individual
obedience to government officials

Explanation: Humanism emphasizes the dignity and worth of the
individual. This philosophy caused many in Europe to strive for
personal excellence during the Renaissance.
More Information

Which statement concerning the Renaissance in Europe is based on
opinion rather than on fact?
1. Literature began to appear in languages other than Latin.
2. The art of the Northern Renaissance was superior to that of
the Italian Renaissance.
3. Art reflected the ideas of humanism and individualism.
4. Art produced during the Renaissance had religious as well as
secular themes.
Explanation: During the Renaissance literature began to appear in
the vernacular, or common languages, and art began to reflect the
ideas of humanism and the individual. However, traditional
religious themes were still prevalent.
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Reformation & Counter-Reformation: Question 1 of 14

Martin Luthers Ninety-Five Theses were a call for
1. religious revolt against the German princes
2. reforms within the Roman Catholic Church
3. greater papal authority

4. crusades to spread Christianity
Explanation: In 1517, Martin Luther published his 95 Theses, or
statements, in Germany. Luther wrote the 95 Theses in opposition to
the sale of indulgences being conducted by the Catholic Church in
order to finance the Building of St. Peters Basilica in Rome.
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In Western Europe, a major immediate effect of the Reformation
was a
1. renewed domination of the Catholic Church over the
German states
2. greater tolerance of religions other than Christianity
3. decrease in educational opportunities for the middle class
4. decline in religious unity and in the power of the Catholic
Church
Explanation: The Protestant Reformation resulted in the formation
of many new Christian denominations that disagreed with the
teachings of the Catholic Church. These included the Lutherans,
Calvinists, Anglicans, and many others.
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During the Renaissance, which development contributed most to the
Protestant Reformation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

advances in mathematics and science
questioning of traditional authority
attention to realism and detail

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Which was a result of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?
1. the Catholic Church accepted the dominance of the new
Protestant religions in Italy, France, and Germany
2. Spain became a predominately Protestant nation
3. Catholic Church leaders refused to make any changes in
church practices
4. the power of the Catholic Church in Europe was weakened
Calvinists, Anglicans, and many others which weakened the power
of the Church by simply offering an alternative to it.
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Which was a major result of the Reformation?
1. new Christian denominations emerged
2. religious teachings were no longer allowed in the
universities
3. the Crusades were organized
4. the power of the Pope was strengthened

Calvinists, Anglicans, and many others.
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Which factor helped most to bring about the Protestant
Reformation?
1. the Catholic clergy had lost faith in their religion
2. Islam was attracting many converts in Western Europe
3. kings and princes in Northern Europe resented the power of
the Catholic Church
4. the exploration of the Americas led to the introduction of
new religious ideas
Explanation: In addition to disagreement over the practices of the
Catholic Church, such as the selling of indulgences, many members
of royalty in Northern Europe were resentful of the vast lands
owned by the Church, as well as the tithe demanded annually which
only seemed to benefit far-off Rome.
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The Protestant Reformation and the European Renaissance were
similar in that both
1.
2.
3.
4.
discouraged the growth of strong monarchs

encouraged people to question tradition
were led by the military
supported the return of the Roman Empire

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The Protestant Reformation represents a turning point in European
history because it
1.
2.
3.
4.
allowed religious reformers to escape persecution

standardized all religious writings
ended religious unity in Western Europe
forced most of Europes monarchs to become Protestants

Calvinists, Anglicans, and many others which weakened the power
of the Church by simply offering an alternative to it.
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Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man or
lends to a needy man does better than if he used the money to buy
an indulgence.
Which major movement in European history started with the idea
expressed in this statement?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Commercial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Renaissance
Protestant Reformation

order to finance the Building of St. Peters Basilica in Rome.
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Reformation & Counter-Reformation: Question 10 of

14
The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were similar in that
both were
1.
2.
3.
4.
stimulated by a spirit of inquiry

supported by the working class
limited to Italy, France, and Germany
encouraged by the successes of the French Revolution

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14
One major influence the Renaissance had on the Protestant
Reformation was that the philosophers of the Renaissance
1.
2.
3.
4.
supported democratic forms of government

encouraged a questioning attitude
stressed the importance of life after death
denied the existence of God


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14
Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... my
conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will hot
recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor
safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.
Martin Luther, Diet of Worms (1517)
When Martin Luther said my conscience is captive to the Word of
God, he was referring to his belief in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the supremacy of the Bible over Church policies

imprisoning those who disagreed with Church teachings
maintaining the unity of the Church
the need for nepotism

order to finance the Building of St. Peters Basilica in Rome. He
also disagreed with the Church over theology. Luther preached that
the true word of God came from the Bible, not from the Church.
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14
Martin Luthers posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by
many to be a turning point in history because
1. the Popes right to sell indulgences was strengthened
2. Luther soon became the leader of Germany
3. the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and

royal power grew
4. the Roman Catholic Church unified the German states
Explanation: In addition to disagreement over the practices of the
Catholic Church, such as the selling of indulgences, many members
of royalty in Northern Europe were resentful of the vast lands
owned by the Church, as well as the tithe demanded annually which
only seemed to benefit far-off Rome.
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14
In Spain, an effect of the Inquisition during the 16th century was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
prevent the introduction of Protestant religions

reintroduce Moorish culture to the Iberian Peninsula
encourage the development of the Industrial Revolution
implement the ideas of the Renaissance in major cities

Explanation: Spain and the Catholic Church used the Inquisition,
or Church Courts, to try, convict, and execute many Protestants for
heresy. This eventually led to witch hunts and widespread antiSemitism. Thousands of people died as a result and the spread of
Protestantism was halted.
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Age of Exploration: Question 1 of 28

In Latin America, the Maya and the Aztec civilizations were similar
in that they
1. showed little evidence of urbanization
2. lacked a strong central government
3. developed complex mathematical and calendar systems
4. used military weapons superior to those of Europeans

Explanation: Among the many technological achievements of the
Maya and Aztec, are their use of the mathematical concept of zero,
and development of a 365-day calendar.
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A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient
American civilizations
1. produced few cultural achievements
2. lived at peace with their neighbors
3. welcomed the new technology brought by European
explorers
4. rivaled the accomplishments of early Middle Eastern
cultures
Explanation: These Latin America civilizations boasted incredible
achievements in technology and the arts. The massive structures
built by these people are testament to their ability and
determination. All told, their accomplishments are on par with those
of the early civilizations located in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent.
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A study of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations of Latin America
would show that these civilizations
1. developed advanced and complex societies before the arrival
of the Europeans
2. established extensive trade with Pacific Rim nations
3. were strongly influenced by their contact with Asian and
African civilizations
4. were relatively large, but not well organized

Explanation: These Latin America civilizations boasted incredible
achievements in technology and the arts. The massive structures
built by these people are testament to their ability and
determination. All told, their accomplishments are on par with those
of the early civilizations located in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent.
Despite these accomplishments, these civilizations were conquered
by Europeans in the 1500's.
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Which was a result of the Commercial Revolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
decline in population growth in Europe

shift of power from Western Europe to Eastern Europe
spread of feudalism throughout Western Europe
expansion of European influence overseas

Explanation: The Commercial Revolution gave rise to the jointstock company which allowed for the funding of many voyages
from Europe to discover riches and establish trade routes. These
voyages eventually resulted in the establishment of European
colonies in areas around the world.
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Which was an immediate result of the European Age of
Exploration?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Islamic culture spread across Africa and Asia

European influence spread to the Western hemisphere
independence movements developed in Asia and Africa
military dictatorships were established throughout Europe

Explanation: Immediately after the discovery of the North and
South American continents by European explorers, conquistadors
and settlers were sent to claim land and goods for European
countries. In doing so, European languages, customs, and religious
practices were introduced as well.
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A major result of the Age of Exploration was
1. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of
Western Europe
2. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere
to Europe and Asia
3. the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the
power of the Catholic Church
4. the end of regional isolation and the beginning of a period of
European global domination
Explanation: Prior to the Age of Exploration, contact between
cultures around the world mainly centered on trade. During the Age
of Exploration, whole populations of people migrated to different
areas of the world and exchanges between different regions began to
occur much more frequently and regularly.
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The Commercial Revolution in Western Europe led directly to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
development of a socialist economy

establishment of the Guild System
weakening of the power of the middle class
expansion of world trade

Explanation: The Commercial Revolution in Europe began when
new forms of business organization, such as the joint-stock
company, were used which led to a great increase in global
commerce.
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Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
manorialism
communism
bartering
market economy

Explanation: The Commercial Revolution in Europe began when
new forms of business organization, such as the joint-stock
company, were used which led to a great increase in global
commerce. This in turn led to the development of a market
economy, or capitalism, in Europe.
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Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of
the other three?
1. Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one
continent to another
2. European diseases had an adverse effect on the native
populations of new territories
3. warfare increased as European nations competed for land
and power
4. advances in learning and technology made long ocean
voyages possible

Explanation: Before the Age of Exploration could occur, advances
in cartography and sailing technology, such as the compass and
moveable rudder, needed to be made or adopted.
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The Native American population of Mexico in 1492 has been
estimated at 25 million; the population in 1608 has been estimated
at 1.7 million. This decrease in population was mainly a result of
1.
2.
3.
4.
crop failures brought on by poor weather conditions

emigration of Native Americans to Europe and Africa
wars between various native groups
diseases introduced by the Spanish

Explanation: Diseases brought by Europeans to the Americas were
the leading cause of death among native peoples. Native Americans
had not developed immunities to common European illnesses due to
their regional isolation.
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In Latin America during the early period of Spanish colonialism, the
deaths of large numbers of the native people led to
1.
2.
3.
4.
a decline in Spanish immigration to the Americas

the removal of most Spanish troops from the Americas
the importation of slaves from Africa
improved health care in the colonies

Explanation: When Native American proved to be an unsuitable
labor force for Spanish colonies, Europeans began importing
African slaves to meet this demand.

Both Japan and China decided to limit trade with Europe during
much of the 16th and 17th centuries because the Japanese and the
Chinese
1. had few products to sell to the Europeans
2. held religious beliefs that prohibited contact with foreigners
3. thought European technology would hinder any effort to
modernize
4. believed they would receive no benefit from increased
contact with the Europeans
Explanation: During the 1500s and 1600s, both the Chinese and
Japanese felt that they were culturally superior to Europeans and
therefore isolated themselves from contact with them.

One reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the
Aztec and Inca Empires rapid is that
1. these empires had no standing armies
2. the Spanish had better weapons than the Aztecs and Incas
did
3. the Spanish greatly outnumbered the Aztecs and Incas
4. the Aztecs and Incas joined together to fight the Spanish
Explanation: The Spanish had a greater mastery of metallurgy that
used to make weapons such as cannons and defensive items such as
armor and helmets.
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Which conclusion can be drawn from a study of the early
civilizations of Axum, Kush, Mali and Songhai?
1. these African societies flourished at the same time

2. farming was more extensive in the Nile River Valley than it
was in the Fertile Crescent
3. the Neolithic Revolution occurred in Africa
4. these societies had a long and rich history before their first
contact with Europeans
Explanation: Each of these ancient African civilizations predate
contact with Europeans during the Age of Exploration, proving that
Africa had sophisticated civilizations develop without European
influence.
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Which was a characteristic of the policy of mercantilism followed
by Spanish colonial rulers in Latin America?
1. the colonies were forced to develop local industries to
support themselves
2. Spain sought trade agreements between its colonies and the
English colonies in North America
3. the colonies were required to provide raw materials to Spain
and to purchase Spanish manufactured goods
4. Spain encouraged the colonies to develop new political
systems to meet colonial needs
Explanation: During the Age of Exploration, Spain instituted a
mercantilist foreign policy in which a favorable balance of trade
with its colonies was achieved by sending raw materials to the
mother country, and exporting finished products to sell back in the
colonies.

Which statement best describes a result of the scarcity of native
Indian labor in Latin America during the colonial period?
1. unskilled laborers were imported from Asia

2. many people from Spain and Portugal immigrated to the
region
3. Native American Indians from the British colonies went
south to work
4. large numbers of African slaves were imported
Explanation: Because Native Americans proved to be an
undependable source of labor for Latin American colonies, the slave
trade began bringing Africans to the Americas as slaves.

The influence of African culture on some areas of Latin America
was largely a result of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
American Revolution
building of the Panama Canal
success of Communist Revolutions
Atlantic slave trade

Explanation: Cultural diffusion occurred when Africans were
brought to the Americas during the Slave Trade.

In many Latin American nations, a major effect of colonial rule has
been the
1.
2.
3.
4.
concentration of power in a small group of landowners

minor political role of the military
equal distribution of wealth among social classes
economic control held by the Indian population

Explanation: When Latin American colonies gained their
independence from Spain and Portugal, political power was most
often transferred from Peninsulares to Creoles.

Spains colonial policy of mercantilism affected the development of
Latin American nations by promoting
1.
2.
3.
4.
the production of raw material and cash crops

free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
respect for the rights of indigenous people
isolationism as a response to international political issues

with its colonies was achieved by sending raw materials and cash
crops to the mother country, and exporting finished products to sell
back in the colonies.

One result of the European conquest of Latin America was that in
Latin America
1.
2.
3.
4.
Spanish became the major spoken language

Native American cultures flourished
the Aztec religion spread
many parliamentary democracies were established

Explanation: The vast majority of Latin America was colonized by
Spain, therefore Spanish became the dominant language spoken
there.

In colonial Latin America, the main purpose of the encomienda
system was to
1. insure that the Indians were humanely treated
2. provide a steady labor supply for early colonists

3. prevent slaver in Spains New World colonies
4. build and maintain forts to repel foreign invaders
Explanation: The encomienda system forced Native Americans to
perform agricultural and mining work in Latin American colonies.

According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be
1.
2.
3.
4.
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials

considered an economic burden for the colonial power
grated independence as soon as possible
encouraged to develop their own industries

with its colonies was achieved by sending raw materials and cash
crops to the mother country, and exporting finished products to sell
back in the colonies.

He once sent fifty horsemen with pikes (spears) to destroy an entire
province. Not a single human being survived that massacre, neither
women nor children nor aged infirmThis terrible massacre was
punishment for a trifling offense: some Indians had not responded to
a summons promptly enough when the tyrant had commanded that
they bring him a load of maize (corn), or else had asked for more
Indians to be assigned to serve him or his comrades. And there was
no place where the Indians could take refuge
The purpose of the author was most likely to
1. encourage the colonial government to change its policies
toward native peoples
2. explain the problems associated with using native laborers
3. justify the need for the harsh treatment of the native people
4. show support for the governors policy toward native

peoples
Explanation: During the colonial period in the Americas, Native
Americans were often mistreated by Europeans.

The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), concerning Latin America, and
the Berlin Conference (1884-1885), concerning Africa, were similar
in that each agreement
1.
2.
3.
4.
provided for self-government by the native peoples

declared that in these areas monarchs rule by divine right
divided each area into European-controlled segments
suppressed revolts by native peoples against European
imperialists

Explanation: The Treaty of Tordesillas divided Latin America
between the Spanish and Portuguese, while, the Berlin Conference
carved Africa into colonies controlled by many different European
nations.

Which statement best illustrates the contradictory actions of the
Catholic Church in colonial Latin America?
1. the Jesuits destroyed the temples of the Native Americans,
but allowed them to continue their religious rituals
2. the Church expressed concern over the mistreatment of
Native Americans, but supported the encomienda system
3. the Church moved many Native Americas from Spanish
territory to Portuguese territory, but encouraged the
importation of African slaves
4. the Pope endorsed the Treaty of Tordesillas, but outlawed
further exploration

Explanation: During the colonial period in the Americas, Native
Americans were often mistreated by Europeans. An example of this
is the encomienda system, which forced Native Americans to
perform agricultural and mining work in Latin American colonies.

The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New
World by
1.
2.
3.
4.
forcing the religious conversion of the Muslim population

forcing the Turks to flee from Constantinople
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
increasing the power of the feudal lords

Explanation: As Crusaders brought back spices and other goods
from the encounter in the Middle East, demand for these products in
Europe increased. This led to the Europeans searching for a water
route to Asia, and the subsequent discovery of the New World.

In the 1600s, the interest of Europeans in Africa was based mainly
on Europes need to
1.
2.
3.
4.
market its surplus agricultural products

obtain workers for its colonies in the Americas
establish collective security arrangements
settle its surplus population on new lands

Explanation: When Native American proved to be an unsuitable
labor force for Spanish colonies, Europeans began importing
African slaves to meet this demand.
The printing press, the astrolabe, and the Mercator projection were
technological advances that contributed to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
exploration and overseas expansion of the colonial empires

unification of Germany and Italy in the late 1800s
growth of industry in Latin America during the late 1900s
spread of Islam in the 700s and 800s

Explanation: The printing press helped spread ideas and
information, such as maps. The astrolabe and the Mercator
projection were tools explorers used to navigate the oceans more
accurately.
Global Absolutism: Question 1 of 7

Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by
1.
2.
3.
4.
abolishing all social class distinctions

becoming constitutional monarchs
preventing wars with neighboring nations
introducing western ideas and customs

Explanation: Both Russian rulers introduced their homeland to
western ideas and customs. Peter the Great was known for his
policies of Westernization, while Catherine the Great adopted some
of the ideas of the Enlightenment and because of this, she is
generally considered to be an example of an enlightened despot.

Changes in Russia under Peter the Great were most similar to
changes that occurred in
1.
2.
3.
4.
China before the Opium War

Japan during the Meiji Restoration
Iran after the fall of Shah Pahlevi
France during the feudal period

Explanation: Throughout the 1700s, both Peter the Great did much
to modernize Russia by adopting ideas from the European
Renaissance from which Russia had been isolated. Similarly, the
Japanese Meiji Restoration rapidly industrialized Japan after the
American Commodore Matthew Perry displayed industrial military
power to convince the Japanese to open their ports to trade.

Westernization in Russia came about largely through the
1.
2.
3.
4.
efforts of Peter the Great and his successors

invasion of Russia by Sweden
desire of the United States to seek new markets
acceptance of the policies of the Eastern Orthodox Church

Explanation: Peter the Great helped to westernize Russia by
creating new laws aimed at curtailing traditional customs, and by
building the modern city of St. Petersburg, which he called his
window to the West. His successors, such as Catherine the Great,
continued this trend by adopting other western ideas such as those
from the Enlightenment.

God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his
pleasure; to give life or send death; to judgeand to be judged (by)
noneAnd the like power have kings;
Which idea is described by this passage?
1.
2.
3.
4.
theory of divine right

enlightened despotism
Social Darwinism
constitutional monarchy

Explanation: Divine right was a theory championed by absolute
monarchs in Europe, such as Louis XIV of France, who felt that

because he had been born into royalty, his power and authority to
rule was derived from God.

Which type of government is shown in the cartoon?
1.
2.
3.
4.
a socialist republic
an absolute monarchy
a communist dictatorship
a democracy


. . .The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way
is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and
have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God
and respecting kings are bound together.
Bishop Jacques Bossuet

This statement describes the philosophy that existed during the
1.
2.
3.
4.
existed during the

Age of Absolutism
Renaissance


. . .The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way
is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and
have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God
and respecting kings are bound together.
Bishop Jacques Bossuet
Which person would most agree with this statement?
1.
2.
3.
4.
John Locke
Karl Marx
Elizabeth II
Louis XIV

Scientific Revolution: Question 1 of 3

Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that
knowledge should be based on
1.
2.
3.
4.
the experiences of past civilizations

experimentation and observation
emotions and feelings
the teachings of the Catholic Church

Explanation: These scientists prompted the Scientific Revolution
through their use of the scientific method to carry out careful
experiments based on sound hypotheses.

During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one
similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that
they
1. relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
2. favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving
economic conditions
3. received support from the Catholic Church
4. examined natural laws governing the universe
Explanation: Explaining the world through the use of natural laws
was commonplace for both scientists wishing to explain natural
phenomenon and philosophers concerned with the nature of man
and government.

Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus
Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and Ren Descartes?
1. The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened.
2. The scientific method was used to solve problems.
3. Funding to education was increased by the English
government.
4. Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.

Explanation: The scientific method uses experimentation and
observation to prove theories. All three people used this method in
their work, which resulted in others following their example.
European Enlightenment: Question 1 of 13

Speaker A: Good government stresses the importance of the nation
and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the
individual are the same as those of the nation.
Speaker B: The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any
way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is
religious in nature.
Speaker C: All human beings are born free and equal with a right to
life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural
rights of its citizens.
Speaker D: Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal
reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be successful. No
nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences
of war.
Which speakers statement best reflects the ideas of the
Enlightenment?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D

Explanation: The natural rights retained by citizens was a major
theme of the Enlightenment and was endorsed by Thomas Locke in
his Two Treatises of Government (1690), and Jean-Jaques Rousseau
in his Social Contract (1762).
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Speaker A: The story of history is the story of class struggles.
Revolution is necessary to overthrow the ruling class and eventually
create a classless society in which no one will be exploited.
Speaker B: The royal power is absolute and the prince need render
account of his acts to no one. Where the word of a king is, there is
no power. Without this absolute authority, the king could neither do
good nor repress evil.
Speaker C: Government should leave business alone. It should let
the natural law of supply and demand determine what gets
produced, how much gets produced, who does the work, the price of
goods, rates of pay, and all other economic questions.
Speaker D: Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. It is
the duty of every government to preserve and protect these natural
inalienable rights.
Which speaker expresses the views of John Locke and Jean Jacques
Rousseau?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D

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We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain
unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit
of happiness.
The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the

writings of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Niccolo Machiavelli
Charles Darwin
Charlemagne
John Locke

his Two Treatises of Government (1690).
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Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in
1. changing the relationship between people and their
government
2. supporting the divine right theory
3. debating the role of the church in society
4. promoting increased power for European monarchs
Explanation: In direct opposition to the theory of divine right,
Enlightenment philosophers often wrote of the social contract, in
which rulers must protect the rights of their citizens, and citizens
have the right to replace rulers who do not protect their rights.
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The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe
encouraged later political revolution with their support of
1. socialism
2. imperialism
3. the natural rights of man
4. the divine right monarchies

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The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed the
government decisions should be based on
1.
2.
3.
4.
fundamental religious beliefs

the concept of divine right of kings
laws of nature and reason
traditional values

Explanation: The Enlightenment was an outgrowth of the Scientific
Revolution in which rules governing the natural world were being
generated at break-neck speed. Philosophers held that rulers could
follow similar laws of nature and reason in order to create an
atmosphere of good government.
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Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment
philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?
1.
2.
3.
4.
god has chosen all government rulers

independence is built by military might
a capitalist economic system is necessary for democracy
the power of the government is derived from the governed
Explanation: During the Enlightenment, philosophers opposed the

idea that rulers were granted political power divinely. Rather, the
thinkers of the Enlightenment felt that the power of government is
derived from the governed. This idea can be seen in many ideas
from this period such as the social contract.
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John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to
support
1.
2.
3.
4.
a return to feudalism in Europe

a government ruled by a divine right monarchy
a society ruled by the Catholic Church
a society in which the people chose the ruler

Explanation: Locke and Rousseaus ideas from the Enlightenment
formed the basis of modern democracy.
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--Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.
--Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and property.
--Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are wrong.
During which period in European history would the ideas in these
statements have been expressed?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pax Romana
Age of Exploration
Enlightenment
Age of Imperialism

Explanation: Thinkers of the Enlightenment felt that humans
should be free and able to participate in the governmental decision-
making process. They also felt that it was the governments duty
was to protect the natural rights of all humans including life,
liberty, and property, as well as basic civil liberties such as
freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and religious freedom.
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During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one
similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that
they
1. relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
2. favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving
economic conditions
3. received support from the Catholic Church
4. examined natural laws governing the universe
Explanation: Explaining the world through the use of natural laws
was commonplace for both scientists wishing to explain natural
phenomenon and philosophers concerned with the nature of man
and government.
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Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both
the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?
1.
2.
3.
4.
feudalism became the dominant political system

the use of reason and logic were discouraged
technology and science were considered unimportant
a new questioning spirit and attitude emerged

Enlightenment questioned tradition and sought answers based on
their own observations and interpretations of the world around them.

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We prefer self-government with danger, to servitude in
tranquility.
The author of this statement would most likely support
1.
2.
3.
4.
imperialism
independence movements
colonial expansion
mercantilism

Explanation: Desire for self-government, and idea born during the
Enlightenment, was the basis of many independence movements.
More Information

A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment
was the need for
1.
2.
3.
4.
a return to traditional medieval ideas

the use of reason for rational and logical thinking
overseas expansion by western European nations
strengthening the power of the organized religions

Explanation: Enlightenment philosophers rejected traditional
church teachings and promoted the idea that man should use logic
and reason to define the world around him. This led to changes in
government and society.
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French Revolution: Question 1 of 6

One important result of the French Revolution was that
1. France enjoyed a lengthy period of peace and prosperity
2. the church was restored to its former role and power in the
French government
3. political power shifted to the bourgeoisie
4. France lost its spirit of nationalism
Explanation: Prior to the French Revolution, the bourgeoisie, or
middle class, belonged to the Third Estate, which had the largest tax
burden and virtually no rights. The bourgeoisie gained an enormous
amount of political power when the National Assembly issued the
Declaration of the Rights of Man, and drafted a new constitution for
France.
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Which statement is a valid generalization about the immediate
results of the French Revolution of 1789?
1. the Roman Catholic Church increased its power and wealth
2. the revolution achieved its goal of establishing peace,
democracy, and justice for all
3. the revolution had little impact outside France
4. the French middle class gained more power
France.
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In France, which was a major result of the French Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the king was restored to unlimited power

the clergy dominated government
the middle class gained political influence
the tax burden was carried by the lower class

France.
More Information

A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that
pre-Revolutionary governments
1. are more concerned about human rights than the
governments that replace them
2. refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced
technology
3. attempt to bring about the separation of government from
religion
4. fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people
Explanation: Prior to the French Revolution, the Third Estate made
up approximately 97% of the population, had the largest tax burden,
yet had virtually no rights. The French government was
unresponsive to these problems, which in turn led the Third Estate
to revolt, demanding more rights.
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Congress of Vienna Restores Monarchy to France
Czar Nicholas I Limits Freedom of the Russian Press
Reform Movements Crushed in Hungary, Italy, and the German
States
These headlines could be described as
1.
2.
3.
4.
reactions to the French Revolution

movements to unify all of western Europe
efforts to improve the conditions of factory workers
attempts to promote trade between European nations

Explanation: After the French Revolution, these actions were taken
across Europe and in Russia to limit the effects of nationalism and
democracy in these countries.

The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they
hoped he would
1.
2.
3.
4.
adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation

restore Louis XVI to power
provide stability for the nation
end British control of France

Explanation: The French people hoped that a strong leader like
Napoleon would be able to stop the turmoil that had engulfed the
country since the start of the Revolution.
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Latin American Independence: Question 1 of 9

Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, leaders of Latin American
independence movements, were inspired by successful revolutions
in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Untied States and France

the Soviet Union and China
Cuba and Costa Rica
Egypt and Kenya

Explanation: The American Revolution (1776) and the French
Revolution (1789) both sought to put Enlightenment philosophies
into practice, and inspired individuals in Latin American colonies to
declare independence from Spain.
More Information

During the early 1800s, which was a major influence on the
struggle for political independence in Latin America?
1. poor conditions in urban centers in Latin America
2. the American and French Revolutions
3. the desire of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America to
escape European control
4. demands by Latin American workers to own their own
factories
More Information

One similarity in the leadership of Latin Americas Jose de San
Martin, Toussaint lOuverture, Bernanrdo OHiggins, and Pedro I
was that each leader
1.
2.
3.
4.
opposed United States intervention in Haiti

led a struggle to gain freedom for the people of his nation
opposed membership of his nation in the League of Nations
established an absolute monarchy in his nation

Explanation: These men each led independence movements in
parts of Latin America.

I will never allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest until I
have broken the chains laid upon us by Spain.
This statement was most likely made by
1.
2.
3.
4.
a Latin American nationalist

a Portuguese explorer
a Roman Catholic bishop
a Spanish conquistador

Explanation: Latin American nationalists wanted to end Spanish
control of their countries.
More Information

Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three?
1.
2.
3.
4.
nations of Latin America won independence

revolutions occurred in North America and France
the Napoleonic wars weakened Spains power
creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule


declare independence from Spain, which was weakened during the
Napoleonic Wars. Also, the strict class system of Spanish controlled
Latin America led to discontent among many people.
More Information

The 19th-century independence movements in Latin America were
influenced by
1.
2.
3.
4.
Marxist ideology
the Aztec wars against Hernando Cortez
liberation theology
the American and the French Revolutions

More Information

Simon Bolivar, Toussaint LOverture, and Bernardo OHiggins
were Latin American leaders of
1.
2.
3.
4.
economic development
educational reforms
independence movements
colonial expansion

In which region of the world did the American Revolution and the
French Revolution have the greatest influence during the 1800s?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Southeast Asia
Latin America
South Asia
sub-Saharan Africa

More Information

Simn Bolvar, Jos de San Martn, and Toussaint lOuverture are
important in Latin American history because they were
1.
2.
3.
4.
20th-century caudillos
leaders of liberation movements
members of the Organization of American States (OAS)
winners of the Nobel Peace Prize

Industrial Revolution: Question 1 of 10

Which condition is most necessary to the process of
industrialization in a society?
1.
2.
3.
4.
dependence on subsistence agriculture

creation of a one-crop economy
availability of investment capital
capture of foreign lands

Explanation: Capital, or money that can be invested, is critical to
the development of industrialization because without it, machines
could not be purchased which could manufacture industrial goods
from raw materials.
More Information

According to Karl Marx, history is the record of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
granting of more political liberties to all people

struggle between classes in society
wars and conflicts between national leaders
increasing prosperity brought about by industrialization

Explanation: Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that
all of human history is based on the conflict between the
bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the
proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would
rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and
create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.
More Information

A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles Communist
Manifesto is that the proletariat
1. would need foreign help to achieve its revolutionary ends
2. had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic
rewards
3. should allow the capitalists to control the means of
production
4. must unite to overthrow the capitalist class
Explanation: Marx and Engles wrote in The Communist Manifesto

(1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the
unite and rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the
bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods
and services.
More Information

Revolution will occur more and more frequently in the
industrialized nations as the proletariat struggles to overcome the
abuses of the capitalist system.
This quotation reflects the ideas of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Charles Darwin
Karl Marx
Niccolo Machiavelli
John Locke

Explanation: This quote reflects ideas contained in the Communist
Manifesto by Marx and Engles.
More Information

The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chainsWorkers of
the world, unite!
This statement was made in response to conditions resulting from
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Counter-Reformation

Explanation: During the Industrial Revolution, workers (the
proletariat) often suffered under harsh working conditions and with
little pay in the factories of the bourgeoisie. These conditions led
Marx and Engles to draft the Communist Manifesto to urge workers
to revolt against the upper classes in favor of a system of socialism,
where all citizens would benefit from all of the property and
resources in a nation.
More Information

Before a nation can begin to industrialize, that nation must first
develop
1.
2.
3.
4.
a strong religious foundation
an adequate food supply

Explanation: For a surplus of labor to occur, agriculture production
must become efficient so that many more people can be fed by the
labor of fewer workers. Then, displaced agricultural workers will be
able to provide their labor in industries.
More Information

A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
concentration of workers in urban areas

increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power
formation of powerful craft guilds
control of agricultural production by governments

Explanation: During the Industrial Revolution, workers flocked to
urban areas in order to find and secure work in the factories located
there.
More Information

According to the theories of Karl Marx, history can be viewed as a
1. succession of famines that result in the destruction of
civilizations
2. repeating cycle of imperialism and colonialism
3. listing of the accomplishments of the ruling classes
4. continuous struggle between economic classes
More Information

-Europeans sought new markets for their goods.
-Many Europeans migrated to the cities in search of jobs.
-European middle class gained political power.
What was the major cause of these changes in Europe?
1.
2.
3.
4.
rise of feudalism
Congress of Vienna
French Revolution

there. Europeans sought to increase their wealth by securing new

markets for their goods. And, the Middle Class became the
prominent class in society as they became wealthy from the fruits of
the Industrial Revolution.
More Information

Which revolution inspired Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to
express their ideas in The Communist Manifesto?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Industrial
Scientific
Glorious
Neolithic

More Information
Global Nationalism: Question 1 of 6

A country is not merely a geographic territory. A country is also
the idea given birth by the geographic territory. A country is a sense
of love that unites, as one, all the sons and daughters of that
geographic territory
--World History: A Story of Progress
This quotation supports the idea of

1. totalitarian rule
2. absolute monarchy
3. mercantilism
4. nationalism
Explanation: Nationalism can be thought of as an intense love of
ones country which ties members of a nation together.
More Information

In a number of European countries in the 1800s, which situation
occurred as a result of the influence of the French Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
increase in religious conflict

rise of nationalistic movements
decentralization of governmental power
economic depression

Explanation: Domination by the French during Napoleons
campaigns across Europe during the early 1800s caused
nationalism to develop in many areas under foreign control.
More Information

Which quotation best reflects a feeling of nationalism?
1. An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
2. A persons greatest social obligation is loyalty to the
family
3. For God, King, and Country
4. Opposition to evil is as much a duty as is cooperation with
good
ones country which ties members of a nation together.

More Information

Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that has
1.
2.
3.
4.
land suited to agriculture

adequate industry to supply consumer demands
a moderate climate with rivers for irrigation
common customs, language, and history

ones country which ties members of a nation together. Cultural ties
such as common customs, language, and history, all contribute to
nationalistic feelings.
More Information

Nationalism is best defined as
1.
2.
3.
4.
the achievement of world peace and global understanding

the desire to take over other societies by force
a method of solving basic economic problems of the society
the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, and a
geographic region

ones country which ties members of a nation together. Cultural ties
nationalistic feelings.
More Information
The best example of the success of nationalism in Europe is the

1.
2.
3.
4.
development of socialism in France

Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
establishment of the Common Market
unification of Germany

ones country, which ties members of a nation together. Cultural ties
nationalistic feelings. These things helped to unite Germany into a
single nation in the late 19th century.
More Information

Which condition is most necessary to the process of
industrialization in a society?
1.
2.
3.
4.
dependence on subsistence agriculture

creation of a one-crop economy
availability of investment capital
capture of foreign lands

Explanation: Capital, or money that can be invested, is critical to
the development of industrialization because without it, machines
could not be purchased which could manufacture industrial goods
from raw materials.
More Information

According to Karl Marx, history is the record of the
1. granting of more political liberties to all people
2. struggle between classes in society

3. wars and conflicts between national leaders
4. increasing prosperity brought about by industrialization
More Information

A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles Communist
Manifesto is that the proletariat
1. would need foreign help to achieve its revolutionary ends
2. had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic
rewards
3. should allow the capitalists to control the means of
production
4. must unite to overthrow the capitalist class
Explanation: Marx and Engles wrote in The Communist Manifesto
(1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the
unite and rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the
bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods
and services.
More Information

Revolution will occur more and more frequently in the
industrialized nations as the proletariat struggles to overcome the
abuses of the capitalist system.

This quotation reflects the ideas of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Charles Darwin
Karl Marx
Niccolo Machiavelli
John Locke

Explanation: This quote reflects ideas contained in the Communist
Manifesto by Marx and Engles.
More Information

The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chainsWorkers of
the world, unite!
This statement was made in response to conditions resulting from
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
Counter-Reformation

More Information
Before a nation can begin to industrialize, that nation must first

develop
1.
2.
3.
4.
a strong religious foundation
an adequate food supply

Explanation: For a surplus of labor to occur, agriculture production
must become efficient so that many more people can be fed by the
labor of fewer workers. Then, displaced agricultural workers will be
able to provide their labor in industries.
More Information

A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
concentration of workers in urban areas

increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power
formation of powerful craft guilds
control of agricultural production by governments

there.
More Information

According to the theories of Karl Marx, history can be viewed as a
1. succession of famines that result in the destruction of
civilizations
2. repeating cycle of imperialism and colonialism
3. listing of the accomplishments of the ruling classes
4. continuous struggle between economic classes

More Information

-Europeans sought new markets for their goods.
-Many Europeans migrated to the cities in search of jobs.
-European middle class gained political power.
What was the major cause of these changes in Europe?
1.
2.
3.
4.
rise of feudalism
Congress of Vienna
French Revolution

there. Europeans sought to increase their wealth by securing new
markets for their goods. And, the Middle Class became the
prominent class in society as they became wealthy from the fruits of
the Industrial Revolution.
More Information

Which revolution inspired Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to
express their ideas in The Communist Manifesto?
1. Industrial
2. Scientific
3. Glorious
4. Neolithic
More Information
Meiji Restoration: Question 1 of 7

Before Commodore Matthew Perrys expedition to Japan in 1853,
Japan was most influenced by
1. Russias need for warm water ports
2. the introduction of advanced technology from the United
States
3. Frances quest for new colonies
4. Chinas religion, art, and writing
Explanation: Japan was greatly influenced by China during the
Nara Period, during which time Chinese writing, music, art,
philosophy, and crafts were adapted.

In Japan, the Meiji Restoration resulted in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
division of the nation between the European powers

modernization of the nations industry
abolition of the position of emperor
government being controlled by the samurai

Explanation: After being reinstated as the political leader of Japan
after Commodore Perrys visit in 1853, the Emperor Meiji feared
that Japan would become a victim of Western imperialism as had
happened to its neighbor China. Therefore, he set out on a program
of rapid industrialization designed to put Japan on par with nations
in the West.
More Information

An immediate result of Commodore Matthew Perrys visit to Japan
in 1853 was
1.
2.
3.
4.
an alliance between Japan and Russia

the development of trade between Japan and the West
a war between Japan and the United States
the continued isolation of Japan

Explanation: After Perrys demonstration of American military
prowess, Japan ceased to be isolated and began trading with the
United States.
More Information

The arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in Japan in 1853 signaled
the end of Japanese
1.
2.
3.
4.
cultural contacts with the West

policies of isolationism
militarism in Southeast Asia
trade relations with the United States

Explanation: After Perrys demonstration of American military
prowess, Japan ceased to be isolated and began trading with the
United States.
More Information

A major goal of the Meiji government in Japan was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
isolate Japan from other nations

achieve political union with China
establish Japan as an industrial power
encourage colonization of Asia by Western nations

in the West.
More Information

The modernization of Japan during the Meiji Restoration resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
a return to a feudal system of government

the rise of Japan as an imperialistic nation
an alliance between China, Korea, Russia, and Japan
a strengthening of Japans isolationist policies

Explanation: After industrialization, Japan became imperialistic. It
began to seek colonies as a source for raw materials and new
markets for its finished products. These colonies were taken through
warfare. The two best examples of this policy are the Sino-Japanese
War fought against China, and the Russo-Japanese War fought
against Russia. Both ended with a Japanese victory and the
acquisition of new territories.
More Information

Which statement best describes events in Japan during the period of
the Meiji Restoration?
1. Japan sought to isolate itself from world affairs.
2. Rapid industrialization and economic growth occurred.
3. Local lords increased their power over the Japanese
emperor.
4. Agriculture was taken over by the government.
in the West.
More Information
Imperialism: Question 1 of 26
A primary purpose for building the Suez Canal was to
1. encourage Jewish settlement in nearby Palestine
2. increase trade between the Middle East, Europe and Asia
3. reduce the time needed for travel between the Atlantic
Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
4. allow Indian merchants to reach the east coast of Africa
Explanation: The Suez Canal was built to allow ships to move
between the Mediterranean and Red Seas so that trade between the
Middle East, Europe, and Asia could increase.
More Information
Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by
European imperialist nations during the 1800s?
1. new nations were based on old tribal boundaries
2. the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was
disregarded
3. the continent was divided equally among the colonial powers
4. African unity was encouraged
Explanation: As European nations established African colonies
during the Scramble for Africa (1870-1890), they paid no
attention to the existing tribal, cultural, or ethnic boundaries.
More Information
After 1880, European nations sought colonies in Africa primarily
because the Europeans were
1.
2.
3.
4.
in need of land for their surplus populations

competing of raw materials and markets
determined to bring Christianity to the Moslem world
interested in completing their geographic knowledge of the
world

Explanation: The Industrial Revolution was the driving force
behind European imperialism in foreign lands such as Africa. The
industrialized countries of the West sought to expand their
economies by obtaining raw materials which could be transported
back to domestic factories, turned into manufactured goods, and
shipped back to colonies markets for sale.
More Information
The 19th century term White Mans Burden reflects the idea that
1.
2.
3.
4.
Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans

Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help
imperialism was opposed by most Europeans
Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the
colonial peoples

Explanation: Rudyard Kiplings poem White Mans Burden
refers to the attitude held by many Europeans that they were
charged with civilizing the heathen savages they encountered in
foreign lands.
More Information
The Sepoy Mutiny in India, the Boxer Rebellion in China, and the
Islamic Revolution in Iran were similar in that they
1.
2.
3.
4.
restored power to the hereditary monarchies

attempted to reject the traditional cultures in these countries
resisted foreign influence in these countries
reestablished the power of religious leaders

Explanation: The Sepoy Mutiny (1857) in India, the Boxer
Rebellion (1899) in China, and the Islamic Revolution on Iran
(1979), were all actions designed to revolt against foreign influence
in these countries.
More Information
During the 19th century, Europeans were able to divide China in
Spheres of Influence mainly because the
1. Chinese were eager to adopt western culture
2. Europeans had technologically superior military forces
3. Europeans were willing to adopt Chinese customs

4. Chinese lacked raw materials and resources
Explanation: With their victory in the Opium War (1839-1842),
Europeans demonstrated their superior military might and secured
trading concessions that ultimately led to the carving of China into
Spheres of Influence, each dominated by a different nation.
More Information
The Boxer Rebellion of the early 20th century was an attempt to
1.
2.
3.
4.
eliminate poverty among the Chinese peasants

bring western-style democracy to China
restore trade between China and European nations
remove foreign influences from China

Explanation: The Chinese rebelled in order to end foreign
influence caused by treaties which allowed for Spheres of Influence
which were controlled by foreign nations.
More Information
Yesterday, your ambassador petitioned my ministers regarding
your trade with Chinaour Celestial Empire possesses all things in
great abundance and lacks no product within its own borders. There
is, therefore, no need to import any product manufactured by outside
barbarians in exchange for our own goods.
-Emperor Chien Lung of China to King George III of Britain, 1793
In the view of the Emperor, which foreign policy action was in the
best interest of China in 1793?
1. maintaining economic isolation
2. expanding foreign trade

3. increasing international interdependence
4. developing into a colonial power
Explanation: In this quotation, Emperor Lung saw no reason to
allow Europeans to import their products into a self-sufficient China
which was experiencing a favorable balance of trade at the time
with European nations which demanded Chinese tea, porcelain, and
silk.
British control over South Africa, French control over Indochina,
and Spanish control over Mexico are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
isolationism
appeasement
nonalignment
imperialism

Explanation: Imperialism is a foreign policy in which a more
powerful nation takes control of a weaker nation, usually for
economic benefit.
More Information
In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made
them into colonies, and controlled their economies.
Which term refers to the situation described in this statement?
1.
2.
3.
4.
socialism
isolationism
imperialism
monotheism

economic benefit.
More Information
In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made
them into colonies, and controlled their economies.
This statement describes a situation that resulted from the
1. industrialization of Europe and the need for raw materials
2. desire of Europeans to spread communism throughout the
world
3. European belief in human rights for all people
4. requests of developing nations for modern machines and
technology
economic benefit. After the Industrial Revolution, this became a
common practice of European nations seeking new sources of raw
materials and markets to sell manufactured products.
More Information
During the 1840s, China signed unequal treaties with Western
nations mainly because
1.
2.
3.
4.
China had won the Opium War

Western nations had superior military technology
leaders in China favored expansion
China had requested economic assistance from the West

More Information
Throughout the 1800s, an increased need for both raw materials
and new markets for manufactured goods led various European
nations to pursue policies of
1.
2.
3.
4.
imperialism
socialism
isolationism
communism

More Information
During the 18th and 19th centuries, increased contact between
European and the continents of Africa, Asia, and South America
resulted in
1. closer cultural cooperation between Europe and these
continents
2. the exploitation of the labor and resources of these
continents
3. a return to the political and economic systems of feudal
Europe
4. preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples

Explanation: During the 1700s and 1800s, industrialized
European nations aggressively pursued a policy of imperialism in
Africa, Asia, and South America, which resulted in the exploitation
of the labor and natural resources of these continents.
More Information
Take up the White Mans burden
Send forth the best ye breed
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
--Rudyard Kipling, The White Mans Burden
The phrase White Mans burden in this excerpt refers to the
1. negative attitude of Europeans toward peoples of the nonWestern world
2. advantages Europeans would gain by colonizing Africa,
Asia, and Latin America
3. positive role of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa and
Asia
4. challenges non-Europeans faced when trading with the
Europeans
Explanation: Europeans felt that the people in the areas they were
colonizing during the 1800s were heathen savages, for whom they
were doing a favor, by showing them the ways of the civilized
West.
More Information
Both the French and the British were interested in controlling Egypt
in the mid-19th century because Egypt had
1.
2.
3.
4.
control of the spice trade

an industrial-based economy
vital mineral resources
a strategic location

Explanation: Both the British and the French were interested in
controlling Egypt during the mid-1800s, so that they would control
the completed Suez Canal which would connect the Mediterranean
and Red Seas. Whoever controlled this strategic waterway would
control the majority of shipping in this area of the world.
More Information
, you, Africa, suffered like a beast
Your ashes strewn to the wind that roams the desert,
Your tyrants built the lustrous, magic temples
To preserve your soul, preserve your suffering.
Barbaric right of fist and the white right to whip,
You had the right to die, you could also weep.
--Patrice Lumumba, Dawn in the Heart of Africa
This African poem is discussing the evils of
1.
2.
3.
4.
imperialism
communism
nationalism
regionalism

Explanation: Native Africans suffered tremendously due to
European imperialism which caused the Slave Trade, and forced
many to choose between their native culture and the practices of
European colonizers.
More Information
The results of the Opium War (1839-1842) indicate that China was
1.
2.
3.
4.
still a major military power

not strong enough to resist Western demands
rapidly building a modern industrial economy
accepting Western nations as equal trading partners

Explanation: With their victory in the Opium War, Europeans
demonstrated their superior military might and secured trading
concessions that ultimately led to the carving of China into Spheres
of Influence, each dominated by a different nation.
More Information
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and
bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to
1.
2.
3.
4.
provide jobs for the colonists

obtain raw materials needed for industrialization
impress the colonists with their technological knowledge
help missionaries spread Christianity

More Information
Compared to other peoples of the world we have the greatest
(largest) population and our civilization is four thousand years
oldToday we are the poorest and weakest nation in the world and
occupy the lowest position in international affairs. Other men are
the carving knife and serving dish, we are the fish and the meat. As
a consequencewe are being transformed everywhere into a colony
of the foreign powers.
Which events formed the basis for the ideas expressed in this early
1900s passage?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Opium War and Boxer Rebellion

Mau Mau uprising and adoption of apartheid
Sepoy Mutiny and the Salt March
Haitian Revolution and Cortes march on Mexico City

Explanation: European actions during the Opium War resulted the
establishment of European Spheres of Influence in China because
Europeans did not wish to govern the populous country, but rather
control trade to their own benefit. After the Boxer Rebellion was put
down by Western forces, China was forced to accept Western
dominance of their nation.
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One result of British colonialism in India was that India
1.
2.
3.
4.
adopted a parliamentary system of government

developed religious unity
supported Western foreign policies in the United Nations
created programs to increase its population

Explanation: After independence, India maintained many customs
and traditions of their former colonial masters. In this case, their
system of government.
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The Ashanti and Ijebu... strongly resisted missionary incursion
[interference]-for a time at least . . . Both groups grudgingly
[reluctantly] accepted missionaries and their schools only after
military defeat by imperial forces.
Edward H. Berman
A valid conclusion based on this quotation would be that some
Africans
1. opposed giving up their religious and cultural heritage
2. returned to the worship of their traditional gods after the
defeat of the missionaries
3. cooperated with the missionaries for economic gain
4. feared that missionaries would refuse to teach their children
Explanation: Native Africans suffered tremendously due to
European imperialism which caused the Slave Trade, and forced
many to choose between their native culture and the practices of
European colonizers.
In 19th-century China, the Opium War resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the control of Hong Kong being returned to China

the removal of all British naval forces from China
an increase in European spheres of influence in China
the rejection of Buddhism by the Chinese people

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The borders that were established for many African nations during
the late 1800s were based primarily on
1.
2.
3.
4.
natural geographic barriers

easy access to natural resources
territorial claims of colonial rulers
cultural differences between ethnic groups

Explanation: As European nations established African colonies
during the Scramble for Africa (1870-1890), they paid no
attention to the existing tribal, cultural, or ethnic boundaries.
More Information
An analysis of the Russo-Japanese War and the Boer War shows
that one reason nations go to war is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
assist oppressed people

spread religious beliefs
satisfy imperialist goals
honor provisions of a treaty

Explanation: The Russo-Japanese war was a result of Japans need
to acquire territory for natural resources. The same is true of the
Boer War in South Africa between the Boers and the British, who
were seeking to control important natural resources.
Which statement best expresses the motive for 19th-century
European imperialism?
1. Living space was needed for the excess population in

western Europe.
2. European leaders believed imperialism was an effective
method of reducing the number of wars.
3. European nations would benefit from some aspects of the
conquered nations culture.
4. Imperialism would benefit the economies of the colonial
powers.
Explanation: The industrialized countries of the West sought to
expand their economies by obtaining raw materials which could be
transported back to domestic factories, turned into manufactured
goods, and shipped back to colonies markets for sale.
More Information
World War One: Question 1 of 7

In 1917, Bolshevik leaders in Russia sought peace with Germany
because the new Russian government
1. decided to join forces with Germany and the Central Powers
2. needed to concentrate its troops and resources on its war
with Turkey
3. wanted to retain power and avoid German occupation
4. needed to control the Baltic Sea and wanted a warm water
port
Explanation: V.I. Lenin ended Russian involvement in World War
in March of 1918 when he signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. This
cost Russia a large amount of land, but allowed Lenin to focus on
gaining control of his newly won country.

In Eastern Europe after World War I, the greatest obstacle to
national unity in many nation-states was the
1. great ethnic diversity found in the region
2. economic dependence of Eastern Europe on Japan

3. acceptance of democratic traditions by most Eastern
Europeans
4. expansion of United States influence in the region
Explanation: The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the
Ottoman empire left many regions in turmoil. Newly formed
countries, such as Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were
multinational, which led to infighting and ethnic violence.

Which statement best describes the relationship between World War
I and the Russian Revolution?
1. World War I created conditions within Russia that helped
trigger a revolution
2. World War I postponed the Russian Revolution by restoring
confidence in the Czar
3. the Russian Revolution inspired the Russian people to win
World War I
4. World War I gave the Czars army the needed experience to
suppress the Russian Revolution
Explanation: Russias involvement in World War One led to a
series of military defeats as the Russian army was ill-equipped to
deal with modern battle conditions. Russia also experienced a severe
food shortage due to the war, which in turn led to riots and the
eventual abdication of Czar Nicholas II in March of 1917. These
events set the conditions for the Russian Revolution.

A major cause of World War I was
1. a decline in the policy of imperialism
2. the existence of opposing alliances
3. an increase in acts of aggression by England
4. the spread of communism throughout Europe

Explanation: The four main cause of World War One are the
Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Militarism.

Why was the Balkan region referred to as the Powder Keg of
Europe prior to World War I?
1. The aggression of the Ottoman Empire was disrupting the
balance of power.
2. Yugoslavia was invading its neighboring countries.
3. Nationalistic and imperialistic rivalries were increasing.
4. The area was the leading supplier of military equipment to
the rest of the world.
Explanation: Tensions were caused by the multinational conflict
between the Slavic peoples of the Balkan region, who had Russian
support, the weakening Ottoman Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian
Empire. All tried to control this region and limit each other's
expansionist ideas. These tensions would ultimately lead to the start
of World War One.
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The major impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany was that
the treaty led to
1. an era of peace and international good will in Germany
2. a stable Germany that was both democratic and strong
3. an increase in Germanys desire to regain its power and
prestige
4. a leadership position for Germany in the League of Nations
Explanation: The Treaty of Versailles was a humiliating end of the

war for Germany. The treaty contained unrealistic monetary
reparations, large territorial losses, and most importantly, the "war
guilt" clause. The war guilt clause blamed Germany entirely for the
war. This in turn led Germany to seek a return to its former status
among nations.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated!
Germany Declares War on Russia and France!
Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles!
Which event is referred to in these headlines?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Franco-Prussian War
Crimean War
World War I
Cold War

Explanation: These are all events that occured during World War
One.
Russian Revolution: Question 1 of 22

Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits

the role of government in the economy is restricted by law
government agencies are involved in production planning
entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the
government

A group of planners makes all economic decisions. The group

assigns natural, human, and capital resources to the production of
those goods and services it wants. The group decides how to
produce them and to whom to distribute them
This description best applies to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
manorial economy of feudal Europe

mercantile economy of 18th century Europe
command economy of the Soviet Union
market economy of the United States

Explanation: In a command economy, such as that of the
communist Soviet Union, the government controls all aspects of
production.

Which situation resulted from the Russo-Japanese War of 1905?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Japan lost its status as a world power

the Japanese Emperor encouraged reforms in Russia
dissident groups challenged the power of the Russian Czar
Russia gained control of China and Japan

Explanation: Russias loss to Japan in the Russo-Japanese War
(1905) indicated that there was a weakness in the Russian
government which led to a series of confrontations between Czar
Nicholas II and Russian dissidents.

Stalins Five-Year Plans and his decision to form collectives are
examples of
1. strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union
through forced communism
2. a more friendly foreign policy toward China
3. methods of dealing with the United States during the Cold
War
4. programs to westernize, educate, and enlighten the
population
Explanation: In a command economy, such as that of the
communist Soviet Union, the government controls all aspects of
production.

A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the
1. defeat of Germany in the Russian campaign
2. marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess
3. existence of sharp economic differences between social
classes
4. appeal of Marxism to the Russian nobility
Explanation: A rigid class system existed in Russia which allowed
landowning nobles, priests, and the Czar to live well, while the
peasant class faced many hardships, including poor working
conditions in urban areas, poverty, and constant food shortages.

Which is an accurate statement about the Soviet economy under the
leadership of Joseph Stalin?
1. a large selection of consumer goods became available
2. the Soviet Union increased its industrial output by
developing heavy industry
3. private farmers were encouraged to sell their surplus produce
in an open market
4. the government reduced its role in planning industrial
production

production planning. Stalin used this system to control the Soviet
economy and increase production in heavy industry.

A major effect of Josef Stalins policy of Collectivization on Soviet
agriculture was
1.
2.
3.
4.
a widespread food shortage throughout the nation

an increase in the export of agricultural products
a surplus of agricultural goods
the immediate creation of many small private farms

production planning. In the Soviet Union, this system led to
widespread food shortages as production goals were seldom met.

One action taken by both V.I. Lenin and Joseph Stalin was
1.
2.
3.
4.
attempting to bring democracy to Russia

jailing or murdering potential opponents
supporting the Russian Orthodox Church
providing economic aid to Japan after World War I and
World War II

Explanation: Totalitarian governments often resort to violence and
terror as a means to control their country.

The Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in the 1917
Revolutions mainly because the Bolsheviks promised to
1. establish collective farms
2. maintain the agricultural price-support system

3. bring modern technology to Russian farms
4. redistribute the land owned by the nobility
Explanation: Russian peasants lived in poverty and faced constant
food shortages due to the lack of land to cultivate. Most of the
arable land belonged to the nobility. Redistribution of this land
would alleviate many of the peasant's problems.

Which statement best describes the political situation in the Soviet
Union immediately after Lenins death in 1924?
1. the nation adopted a constitutional monarchy
2. Trotsky and his followers assumed full control of the
Communist Party
3. popular elections were held to choose a new general
secretary
4. a power struggle developed among Communist Party leaders
Explanation: A power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon
Trotsky erupted after the death of Lenin. Stalin managed to
outmaneuver Trotsky, who was forced out of the Communist Party
and into exile. An agent of Stalin later assassinated Trotsky.

The term that best describes the position of Jews in Czarist Russia is
1.
2.
3.
4.
political elite
persecuted minority
landed gentry
military leaders

Explanation: Jews in Czarist Russia suffered under an anti-Semitic
regime.

the organizations of the revolutionaries must consist first,
foremost, and mainly of people who make revolutionary activity
their professionsuch an organization must of necessity be not too
extensive and as secret as possible
-V.I. Lenin, 1917
This quotation refers to Lenins plan to
1.
2.
3.
4.
defeat Germany in World War I

establish democracy in Russia
maintain communist power in Western Europe
overthrow the Russian government

Explanation: V.I. Lenin was the architect of the Russian
Revolution. Together with Leon Trotsky, he adapted Marxist ideas
to fit the Russian situation and overthrew the weak and corrupt
Czarist regime.

The 1917 victory of the communists in Russia was a contradiction
of Marxist theory because Russia was
1.
2.
3.
4.
already ruled by a socialist government

involved in World War I
mainly an agricultural society
not considered to be a military power

Explanation: Marxs ideas on political revolutions mainly
concerned the plight of the poor working class in industrial
societies.
Josef Stalins leadership of the Soviet Union can best be

characterized as a period of
1.
2.
3.
4.
democratic reform and nationalism

humanism and democracy
religious freedom and tolerance
censorship and terror

Explanation: Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.
This form of government consist of a one party dictatorship that
often rules through terror and violence, while attempting to control
all aspects of the lives of the citizens.

The political reorganization of Russia after the Communist
Revolution of 1917 resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the establishment of a two-party political system

increased political power for ethnic minorities
a limited monarchy with the czar as a figurehead
a federation of socialist republics

Explanation: After the Revolution, Lenin and the Communists
gained control over much of the old Russian Empire. They renamed
this the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, with Russia, the largest
republic, in control. The Soviet Union consisted of diverse peoples
throughout both Europe and Asia.

Under Josef Stalin, the Soviet Union emphasized centralized
economic planning and Five-Year Plans primarily to
1.
2.
3.
4.
produce more consumer goods

expand exports
create a demand for high-quality imports
develop heavy industry

Explanation: Stalin attempted to build the Soviet Union into an
industrialized nation quickly through the use of central planning and
his Five Year Plans.

Which characteristic was common to both Russia under the Czars
and the Soviet Union under Josef Stalin?
1.
2.
3.
4.
a lack of concern about territorial expansion

support of artistic and literary freedom
encouragement of free enterprise
persecution of political dissenters

Explanation: Both the Czars and Stalin used terror and violence to
control all aspects of the lives of their citizens. They did not allow
free speech or expression, so often political dissenters were jailed of
executed.

Under Joseph Stalin, life in the Soviet Union was characterized by
1.
2.
3.
4.
an abundance of consumer goods

political instability and numerous civil wars
support for small family-run farms
the use of censorship and the secret police

Explanation: Stalin used terror and violence in an attempt to
control all aspects of the lives of the citizens. A main tool of this
policy was a secret police, which often jailed or executed political
dissenters.

Which slogan expressed the ideals of the Bolshevik Revolution of
1917?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

Bread, Land, and Peace
Land and Liberty
Nationalism, Democracy, and the Peoples Livelihood

Explanation: The early goals of the Bolshevik Party were to
remove Russia from World War One, redistribute land to the
peasants, and ensure that everyone had enough to eat.

Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in 1917 primarily
because the Bolsheviks pledged to
1.
2.
3.
4.
establish and maintain collective farms

redistribute land and make peace
keep crop yields low
limit the income of the nobility

Explanation: The early goals of the Bolshevik Party were to
remove Russia from World War One, redistribute land to the
peasants, and ensure that everyone had enough to eat.

Which statement best describes a relationship between World War I
and the Bolshevik Revolution?
1. World War I created conditions in Russia that helped trigger
a revolution.
2. World War I postponed the revolution in Russia by restoring
confidence in the Czar.
3. Opposing Russian forces cooperated to fight the foreign
invaders.
4. World War I gave the Czars army the needed experience to
suppress the revolution.

Explanation: Russia performed poorly in World War One. They
were ill-equipped to deal with a modern war, which led to high
casualties and a series of humiliating defeats. This coupled with
shortages of food, housing, and heating fuel created the conditions
that allowed Lenin to gain the support of the peasants by promising
an end to these problems.

The Kirghiz with whom we stopped was very well off. . . . After
some tea our host asked me, Where is the Ak Padsha now, the
White Tsar Nikolai?
He and all his family, the Tsaritsa, their daughters and son, have
been killed by the Bolsheviks, I answered.
The old man gave a deep sigh . . .And you . . . Are you one of the
men of the regime of Nikolai?
Yes, of course, I replied. I detest and despise the Bolsheviks.
The old man . . . began to blink and a tear rolled down his cheek,
while the rest of the family sobbed . . .
I was deeply touched by the scene. On this remote frontier of the
Empire, . . . a family of nomad herdsmen was weeping for the tragic
death of their White Pasha, as the Tsar was known.
In which period of time did this scene take place?
1.
2.
3.
4.
during the Napoleonic Wars

after Mao Zedong came to power
after the Russian Revolution
during World War II

Explanation: The Bolsheviks executed Czar Nicholas II and his
family during the civil war that erupted shortly after the revolution.
Between World Wars: Question 1 of 13

In the 1920s and 1930s, the rise of totalitarian governments in
Germany, Italy, and Spain was largely the result of
1. the success of the Communists in establishing a command
economy in the Soviet Union
2. severe economic and social problems that arose in Europe

after World War I
3. the active support of the United States
4. movements demanding the return of the old monarchies
Explanation: The Great Depression caused many people to lose
faith in democracy and turn toward more radical ideas, such as
communism and fascism. People were willing to give up individual
rights of freedom for the promise of stability offered by these types
of totalitarian regimes.

The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles after
World War I helped lay the foundation for the
1.
2.
3.
4.
rise of fascism Germany

uprisings during the French Revolution
division of Korea along the 38th parallel
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

Explanation: Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany lost large
areas of land, was forced to pay large reparations, and accept
complete responsibility for the start of World War One. The
German people felt humiliated by this treaty, which led them to
readily accept the Fascist, who promised a return to Germany's
former position of world power.

Between the Meiji Restoration and World War II, Japan tried to
solve the problem of its scarcity of natural resources by
1. exporting agricultural products in exchange for new
technology
2. establishing a policy of imperialism
3. building nuclear power plants
4. cooperating with the Soviet Union to gain needed resources

Explanation: Japan became imperialistic during this time period,
seeking colonies as a source of raw materials and new markets for
their products.
More Information

Which idea was included in the provisions of the Treaty of
Versailles to show the intent of the Allies to punish the Central
Powers for their role in World War II?
1.
2.
3.
4.
all nations shall maintain open covenants of peace

freedom of the seas will be maintained
Germany will accept full responsibility for causing the war
territorial settlements shall be made along clearly
recognizable lines of nationality


Fascism in Europe during the 1920s and 1930s is best described as
a
1. demonstration of laissez-faire capitalism that promoted free
enterprise
2. form of totalitarianism that glorified the state above the
individual
3. type of economic system that stressed a classless society
4. set of humanist ideas that emphasized the dignity and worth
of the individual

Explanation: Fascist government is rule by a one party dictatorship,
which is both nationalistic and imperialistic. Fascism glorifies the
state over the individual and often uses terror and violence to
maintain control of its population.

Censorship, mass arrests, and a secret police force are most
characteristic of
1.
2.
3.
4.
parliamentary democracies
republics
totalitarian regimes
constitutional monarchies

Explanation: Totalitarian governments use terror and violence in an
attempt to control all aspects of the lives of the citizens. Tools of
this type of regime are usually censorship and a secret police force.

After World War I, Japan attempted to solve some of its economic
problems by
1.
2.
3.
4.
establishing extensive trade with the Soviet Union

expanding its influence in Asia
practicing the principles of Marxism
refusing to rely on Western technology

their products.
More Information
Which policy shows that appeasement does not always prevent war?
1.
2.
3.
4.
British policy toward Germany in Munich during the 1930s

French policy in Indochina in the 1950s
United States policy toward Cuba in the early 1960s
Iraqi policy toward Iran in the 1980s

Explanation: Under the policy of appeasement, Britain and other
European nations allowed Germany to annex the Sudentenland and
Czechoslovakia in hopes of preventing further conflict. But, this
only allowed Germany to gain strength and eventually challenge the
appeasing nations.

In the 1930s, the Japanese government followed a policy of
imperialism primarily to
1.
2.
3.
4.
acquire new sources of raw materials

spread Zen Buddhism throughout Asia
sell more consumer goods to European nations
spread the ideas of bushido

their products.
More Information

What was one reason the Nazi programs and policies of the early
1930s appealed to many people in Germany?
1. the people were frustrated with their current economic and
political situation
2. Germany had been denied membership in the United Nations
3. a coup detat had forced communism on the German people
4. the German people feared that the French of the British
would soon gain control of the Polish corridor


The imperialist policies followed by Japan after World War I were
based on a desire to
1.
2.
3.
4.
convert people to Shinto

acquire markets for its oil industry
compete with Chinese trade policies
obtain natural resources for manufacturing

their products.
More Information

During the mid-1930s, which characteristic was common to Fascist
Italy, Nazi Germany, and Communist Russia?
1. government ownership of the means of production and
distribution
2. one-party system that denied basic human rights
3. encouragement of individual freedom of expression in the
arts
4. emphasis on consumer goods rather than on weapons
Explanation: Totalitarian governments use terror and violence in an

attempt to control all aspects of the lives of the citizens. Tools of
this type of regime are usually censorship and a secret police force.

One reason the Fascist governments of Benito Mussolini and Adolf
Hitler came to power in Italy and Germany was that these nations
1.
2.
3.
4.
were threatened by the United States

supported civil liberties for all
failed to join the League of Nations
faced economic and political difficulties

Explanation: Both nations faced severe economic hardships due to
the Great Depression. This made people lose faith in democracy and
begin to support more radical forms of government that promised
and end to these problems.
World War Two: Question 1 of 7

Which was a characteristic of Germany under Adolf Hitler and the
Soviet Union under Josef Stalin?
1.
2.
3.
4.
an official foreign policy of isolationism

governmental control of the media
public ownership of business and industry
the absence of a written constitution

Explanation: Both countries had a totalitarian system of
government. This is where the government attempts to control all
aspects of the lives of their citizens.

World War II is often considered to be a turning point in history
because
1. the League of nations demonstrated that an international
organization could maintain world peace

2. the war brought an end to dictatorships as a form of
government
3. European domination of the world began to weaken as
nationalism in colonies increased
4. religious and ethnic differences were no longer a source of
conflict between nations
Explanation: After World War II, many European colonies sought
independence as nationalist feelings swept across these nations.
More Information

From as early as I can remember, the Emperor was an important
presence even in our remote home. He was a descendant of the gods
from thousands of years before, never to be looked at or listened to
by mere mortals, a presence to be revered and protected and
obeyedFinally, my family and neighbors gathered around the
radio and listened in stunned silence to the voice that had never
before been heard, saying he was only human after all. Everyone
was crying. I was sad and confused
Which event caused the Emperor to announce that he was only
human after all?
1.
2.
3.
4.
his overthrow by communist forces

defeat of the Japanese in World War II
signing of the Versailles Treaty
conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War

Explanation: One of the provisions of Japans surrender was that
the Emperor was no longer to be considered divine, thus allowing a
Parliamentary government to successfully rule Japan.

Which reform took place in Japan after World War II?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Japans industrial capability was greatly reduced

the Emperors position was abolished
Japan became a representative democracy
labor unions were declared illegal

Explanation: After World War II, Japan became democratic by
reorganizing their government into a Parliamentary Democracy.
More Information

A major factor in the economic recoveries of Japan and West
Germany after World War II was their
1.
2.
3.
4.
desire to avoid an invasion from China

acceptance into the United Nations
ability to produce nuclear weapons
need to replace destroyed factories

Explanation: Both countries recovered due to financial support
from the United States, which helped them build new industries.
More Information

Which factor most enabled Japan to rebuild and modernize rapidly
after World War II?
1.
2.
3.
4.
vast mineral reserves

large amounts of fertile land
a strong military
a well-trained workforce

Explanation: Japans well-trained workforce was able to quickly
rebuild their industries with the financial support of the United

States.

Which is one major reason the Holocaust is considered a unique
event in modern European history?
1. Jews of Europe have seldom been victims of persecution.
2. Civilians rarely were killed during air raids on Great Britain.
3. Adolf Hitler concealed his anti-Jewish feelings until after he
came to power.
4. The genocide was planned in great detail and required the
cooperation of many people.
Explanation: The Holocaust was the planned genocide of the
European Jewish population by Adolph Hitler and his Nazi regime.
Cold War: Question 1 of 36

The economic policies of the Soviet Union traditionally emphasized
the production of
1.
2.
3.
4.
automobiles for export

building materials for luxury housing
consumer goods
heavy industrial goods

Explanation: The Five-Year Plans begun under the rule of Stalin in
the Soviet Union emphasized the development of heavy industries
in order to transform the traditionally agricultural nation into an
industrial superpower.

Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits

the role of government in the economy is restricted by law
government agencies are involved in production planning
entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the
government


One reason the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
ease the transition to democracy

help institute capitalism in Eastern Europe
limit the threat of invasion from Western Europe
challenge the economic successes of the Common Market

Explanation: The Warsaw Pact was formed by the Soviet Union
and seven of its satellite states as a response to NATO. The Warsaw
Pact was a defensive military alliance.

Which statement best describes most Eastern European countries
immediately after World War II? They
1.
2.
3.
4.
adopted democratic reforms in their political systems

became satellite states of the Soviet Union
became dependent on aid provided by the Marshall Plan
emerged as world economic powers

Explanation: After World War II, Stalin forced pro-communists
governments in Czechoslovakia, Poland, and other Eastern
European nations. These nations became known as Soviet satellite
states. The Soviets retained control through both economic and

militaristic means.

Communist governments were established in most nations of
Eastern Europe shortly after World War II because
1. the region had a long tradition of strong communist parties
2. communist governments were able to significantly increase
agricultural productivity
3. the Soviet Union used military and diplomatic pressures to
install their governments
4. members of the Communist party won free elections in these
nations
militaristic means.

During the Cold War Era (1945-1990), the United States and the
Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in direct military
conflict mainly because of
1.
2.
3.
4.
the peacekeeping role of the United Nations

pressure from nonaligned nations
the potential for global nuclear destruction
increased tensions in the Middle East

Explanation: Bother superpowers had nuclear capabilities, and it
was believed that a direct confrontation between them could lead to
a nuclear war.
After World War II, the Soviet Union established satellites in

Eastern Europe to
1. support the remaining Fascist governments in Eastern
Europe
2. preserve capitalism in Eastern Europe
3. establish democratic governments in Eastern European
nations
4. expand its power and control over Eastern Europe
states. The Soviet's retained control through both economic and
militaristic means.

In the Soviet Union, a negative aspect of the Cold War Era was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
attempt to preserve democratic ideals

development of peaceful uses for modern technology
development of effective means of international cooperation
high cost of maintaining the arms race

Explanation: The Soviet Union devoted a large portion of its
economy to maintaining a balance of power with the United States.
This was often done at the expense of modernizing civilian areas of
life and providing for the basic needs of their citizens.

From Stetin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain
has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the
capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.
Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and
Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in
what I might call the Soviet Sphere, and all are subject, in one form
or another, not only to Soviet influence, but to very high, and in
some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow."

-Winston Churchill
1. The Soviet Union has expanded its influence throughout
Eastern Europe
2. The Soviet Union has helped the nations of Eastern Europe
improve their standard of living
3. The democratic nations of Western Europe have stopped the
expansion of Soviet influence in the world
4. The Soviet Union will support communist revolutions in
Southeast Asia
militaristic means.

Prior to the 1980s, the emphasis of the Five-Year Plans in the
Soviet Union was on heavy industry. One result was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
scarcity of consumer goods

abundance of manufactured goods
rejection of agricultural planning
decline in military spending

Explanation: The Five Year Plans devoted most available resources
to building heavy industry. This was done at the expense of
consumer goods, which created shortages in all areas of civilian life.

The Soviet Unions reaction to the 1968 revolt in Czechoslovakia
was to
1. permit limited political and economic reforms in

Czechoslovakia
2. withdraw Soviet troops from Eastern Europe
3. send Soviet troops to occupy Czechoslovakia
4. bring the matter to the attention of the United Nations
Explanation: The Soviet Union sent troops into Czechoslovakia in
1968 to overthrow the current government and replace it with a procommunist regime. This proved to the world that the Soviets were
willing to use military force to keep their control over Eastern
Europe.

Which was a major reason for the success of Soviet domination in
Eastern Europe after World War II?
1. Eastern Europeans accepted the doctrine of Pan-Slavism
2. the democracies of Western Europe needed greater security
3. the Soviet Union had military forces in Eastern Europe as a
result of World War II
4. Western Europeans feared that Nazism would be rekindled
in Eastern Europe
militaristic means.

The events that took place in Hungary in the 1950s and in
Czechoslovakia in the 1960s demonstrated the Soviet Unions
1. support of nationalism among satellite nations
2. influence on the economies of developing nations
3. determination to maintain political control over Eastern
Europe at that time

4. attempts to promote its artistic and literary achievements in
Western Europe
Explanation: The Soviet Union used its military power to maintain
control over its satellite states. This became known as the Brezhnev
Doctrine, which maintained the Soviet Union's right to intervene in
the domestic affairs of any Warsaw Pact nation.

The expansion of communism into Eastern Europe was a direct
result of
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Crimean war

the Napoleonic Wars
World War I
World War II

militaristic means.

United States involvement in the Vietnam War and the Soviet
Unions involvement in Afghanistan were motivated mainly by a
desire to
1.
2.
3.
4.
exploit the mineral resources of the regions

support governments that would remain strong allies
stop the expansion of Japan into the Middle East
establish independent nation-states in the regions

Explanation: The Soviet Union supported various communist
governments around the world, while the United States worked to

stop the spread of communism. In cases like Afghanistan and
Vietnam, this type of support led to warfare.

Warsaw Pact Tanks Invade Budapest"
"Wall Divides Berlin
Liberal Czechoslovak Government Replaced
These historical newspaper headlines were related to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mikhail Gorbachevs introduction of the policy of Glasnost

Adolf Hitlers efforts to promote national socialism
the Soviet Unions acceptance of capitalism
attempts by the Soviet Union to strengthen communist
control

militaristic means.

The invasion of Hungary in 1956 by the Soviet Union and the
building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 are examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
United Nations Security Council resolutions

Truman Doctrine failures
Marshall Plan effects
Cold War Era conflicts

Explanation: The Truman Doctrine was a United States policy that
sent economic and military aid to any country trying to resist Soviet
expansion. This policy failed to stop the Soviet control of Hungary
or East Germany.

During the Cold War Era, many Asian and African nations followed
a policy of nonalignment because they
1. had the same goals and needs as the Soviet Union
2. needed the natural resources of Western European nations
3. wished to receive aid from the Soviet Union and the United
States
4. were afraid of losing their vote in the United Nations
Explanation: These nations hoped to receive aid from both the
Soviet Union and the United States while remaining neutral. The
main goal of most of these nations was economic progress while
remaining free from cold war entanglements.

We believe in nonaggression and noninterference by one country
in the affairs of another and the growth of tolerance between them
and the capacity for peaceful coexistence. We, therefore, endeavor
to maintain friendly relations with all countries, even though we
may disagree with them in their policies.
-Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India
This statement describes the foreign policy known as
1.
2.
3.
4.
imperialism
mercantilism
isolationism
nonalignment

Explanation: Nonaligned nations, such as India, wished to remain
free of cold war entanglements while pursuing economic and social
progress.
Which is a major reason Cuban and Nicaraguan revolutionary

movements were attracted to communism?
1. communist groups promised economic reform and better
living standards
2. business owners and the military were supported by
communist groups
3. the goal of communism was to encourage religion
4. communist leaders promised to reduce Spanish colonialism
in the Western Hemisphere
Explanation: Both countries had suffered under corrupt
governments that did very little to help the majority of citizens who
were poor. Socialist ideas of government aid appealed to this group
of people.

The main reason the United Nations sent troops to Korea in 1950
was to
1. ensure that food reached areas of the Korean Peninsula
affected by famine
2. prevent North Korea from conquering the people of South
Korea
3. force the inspection of nuclear weapons plants in North
Korea
4. restore peace between warring factions of Buddhism and
Shinto
Explanation: North Korean forces sought to unify the country
under a communist regime. The United Nations, strongly supported
by the United States, sent troops to prevent this from occurring.

The conflict between Israel and the Arab nations since 1948 was
often considered part of the Cold War primarily because
1. the policy of detente evolved from this conflict

2. communist governments were established in many Arab
nations
3. the leadership of Joseph Stalin strongly influenced the
policies of Saddam Hussein
4. the United States supported Israel and the Soviet Union
supported several Arab nations
Explanation: The conflict in the Middle East has often been a
surrogate for cold war tensions. The United States supported Israel,
while the Soviets supported Egypt under Gamal Nasser, and other
nations opposed to the United States and Israel.

-Berlin Blockade (1948-1949)
-Premier Khrushchevs visit to the United States (1959)
-Cuban missile crisis (1962)
-Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)
-Joint Apollo-Soyuz space mission (1975)
-Russian invasion of Afghanistan (1979)
What does this list of events suggest about the Cold War Era?
1. throughout the period, the United States and the Soviet
Union were reluctant to solve conflicts
2. the level of tension between the United States and the Soviet
Union varied
3. economics played a key role in causing conflict between the
United States and the Soviet Union
4. the United Nations was instrumental in reducing tensions
between the United States and the Soviet Union
Explanation: During the Cold War, tensions between the Soviet
Union and the United States often varied between near cooperation
and near war.
Which statement would be consistent with the views of Fidel

Castro?
1. The spread of communism is the greatest danger facing
Latin America
2. An American military presence is the key to the defense of
Latin America
3. Progress and justice in Latin America can only be achieved
through revolutionary socialism
4. Introducing a free-market system will improve the
economies of Latin American nations
Explanation: Fidel Castro led the revolution that setup a
communist government in Cuba with him at its head. He has been a
strong advocate of revolutionary socialism in other Latin American
nations.

From the perspective of the North Vietnamese, the war in Vietnam
in the 1960s was a battle between
1.
2.
3.
4.
fascism and liberalism

nationalism and imperialism
republicanism and totalitarianism
theocracy and monarchy

Explanation: The North Vietnamese viewed the United States as an
imperialist nation seeking to subjugate them. The nationalistic
feelings of the North Vietnamese led them to rebel against United
States intervention in their country.

Which headline concerning the Soviet Union refers to a Cold War
event?
1. Yeltsin Assumes Power
2. Trotsky Forms Red Army
3. Germany Invades USSR

4. Warsaw Pact Formed
Explanation: The Warsaw Pact was formed by the Soviet Union
and seven of its satellite states as a response to NATO. The Warsaw
Pact was a defensive military alliance.

A major development in relations between the Soviet Union and the
United States occurred in the late 1980s when the two nations
agreed to
1.
2.
3.
4.
purchase all their oil from Mexico

withdraw from the United Nations
eliminate a group of nuclear missiles
ban arms sales to developing nations

Explanation: The United States and Soviet Union worked together
throughout the 1970s and 1980s to reduce the number of nuclear
weapons each possessed.

During the 1980s, the Soviet Union experimented with
modifications of its command economy by
1.
2.
3.
4.
eliminating central planning

allowing private ownership of major industries
introducing some market economy strategies
legalizing independent trade unions

Explanation: The Soviet Union sought to boost its weak economy
by using market economy strategies.
In the 30 years after World War II, which area was most influenced
by the Soviet Union?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Southeast Asia
North Africa
Eastern Europe
Central America

militaristic means.

Which statement best describes the political situation in Eastern
Europe during the 1980s?
1. nationalism has often been a strong force for change
2. communist governments have gained power through
democratic elections
3. ethnic rivalries have been eliminated throughout the region
4. United States influence has been used to keep communist
governments in power
Explanation: During the 1980s, nationalistic feelings began to
dominate the political landscape in Eastern Europe, eventually
leading to independence for many of these nations.

The withdrawal of France from Indochina, the involvement of the
Soviet Union in Cuba, and the United States support of the Contras
in Nicaragua illustrate that nations
1. consistently discard traditional foreign policy goals after
changes in administration
2. tend to base foreign policy decisions on what they believe to
be their self-interests
3. no longer use warfare as a means to resolve international
conflict
4. tend to refer foreign policy conflicts to the United Nations
Explanation: During the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the
United States sought new spheres of influence throughout the world.

Which is a valid statement about the Soviet Union from the time of
the Bolshevik Revolution through 1991?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Education has been limited to the communist party elite

Demand for consumer goods has exceeded production
Military expenditures have been low
Industrialization has not occurred

production planning. The Soviet Union devoted most available
resources to building heavy industry. This was done at the expense
of consumer goods, which created shortages in all areas of civilian
life.

In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenins New Economic Policy (NEP)
and Mikhail Gorbachevs policy of Perestroika both sought to
1.
2.
3.
4.
increase spending of nuclear weapons

strengthen central planning
increase production through individual enterprise
reduce the influence of middle-class farmers

Explanation: Traditionally, a communist, or command economy,
controls the means of production by having governmental agencies
involved in production planning. Both Lenin and Gorbachev sought

to increase production in vital areas by introducing individual
enterprise.

During the 1980s in the Soviet Union, a major element of the
economic policy of Perestroika was
1.
2.
3.
4.
increased collectivization of farms

more reliance on local and regional decision making
the expanded use of national Five-Year plans
an emphasis on the redistribution of wealth

Explanation: Traditionally, a communist, or command economy,
controls the means of production by having government agencies
involved in production planning. Gorbachevs policy of perestroika
sought to increase production in vital areas by introducing
individual free enterprise.

Blockade of Berlin
Operation of the Berlin Airlift
Organization of the Warsaw Pact
Construction of the Berlin Wall
These events of the Cold War are examples of
1. efforts to prevent military conflict between the superpowers
2. situations that increased tensions between communist and
democratic nations in Europe
3. attempts to weaken the Soviet Unions control of its Eastern
European allies
4. policies of peaceful coexistence and dtente
Explanation: These are all examples of situations that caused
conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union during the
Cold War.

In Eastern Europe during the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union
responded to challenges to its control by
1.
2.
3.
4.
allowing free elections, when necessary

imposing prompt and severe repression
obtaining United Nations assistance
granting independence to its satellite nations

Explanation: The Soviet Union used its military power to maintain
control over its satellite states. This became known as the Brezhnev
Doctrine, which maintained the Soviet Unions right to intervene in
the domestic affairs of any Warsaw Pact nation.
Chinese Communist Revolution: Question 1 of 18

In the Peoples Republic of China, which factor best reflects
Marxism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
communal work teams on farms

ownership of small farms by individuals
small family-owned businesses in villages
foreign influence on the economy

Explanation: Karl Marx wrote of sharing work and output with all
members of society, which is best shown in this question by the
example of communal work teams on farms.

The Great Leap Forward in China and the five-year plans in the
Soviet Union were attempts to increase
1. private capital investment
2. religious tolerance
3. individual ownership of land

4. industrial productivity
Explanation: The Great Leap Forward in China and the Five Year
Plans in the Soviet Union were both aimed at increasing industrial
output.

In China and the former Soviet Union, the communist governments
discouraged organized religion because religions
1.
2.
3.
4.
compete for the loyalties of the people

support the principles of laissez-faire
favor anarchy over organized government
stress economic rather than political values

Explanation: According to the communist governments of China
and the Soviet Union, the only loyalty the people should have is to
the Party.

A major goal of the Cultural Revolution in China during the 1960s
was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
restore China to the glory of the Han Dynasty

reemphasize Confucian traditional values
weaken communist ideas
eliminate opposition to Mao Zedong

Explanation: The Cultural Revolution was started to renew the
peoples faith in the revolution. Mao Zedong used this policy as a
tool for eliminating political opposition to his rule and the
Communist Party.

After World War II, the Chinese Communists were successful in
their revolution mainly because the
1.
2.
3.
4.
United States refused to support the Nationalists

communists had the support of the peasants
communists had more technologically advanced weapons
nationalist had been defeated by Japan

Explanation: The Chinese Communists were successful due to the
overwhelming support of both peasants and women. These groups
were promised better living conditions and equality in exchange for
their support.

An immediate result of the Cultural Revolution in China was that it
1.
2.
3.
4.
helped to establish democracy in urban centers in China

led to economic cooperation with Japan and South Korea
disrupted Chinas economic and educational systems
strengthened political ties with the United States

Explanation: The Cultural Revolution, aimed at renewing the
peoples loyalty to communism, was a dismal failure that led to
widespread violence and the disruption of the Chinese economy.

The main reason the Chinese Communists gained control of
mainland China in 1949 was that
1. they were supported by many warlords and upper class
Chinese
2. the United States had supported the Chinese Communist
Party during World War II
3. the dynamic leadership of Mao Zedong had the support of
the peasant class
4. they had superior financial resources and were supported by

Japan
their support.

In China, the Great Leap Forward was an attempt to
1.
2.
3.
4.
promote democratic reform

end the private ownership of land
strengthen economic ties with Europe
increase agricultural and industrial production

Explanation: The Great Leap Forward was an economic program
started by Mao Zedong in 1958. The goal was to increase
agricultural and industrial products by setting up communes for
people to live and work. This policy was a complete failure.
Production in industry and agricultural decreased, which led to
widespread famine.

Deng Xioapings economic reforms in China differ from the
previous economic policies of Mao Zedong in that Dengs reforms
1.
2.
3.
4.
discourage private ownership of businesses

promote further collectivization
include elements of capitalism
decrease trade with the United States

Explanation: Deng Xiaoping ended the policy of communes and
set up limited privatization in both agriculture and industry. The
result was increased production in both areas. This was part of his
Four Modernizations program, which included agriculture, industry,

science and technology, and defense.

The Confucian view of government and the Chinese Communist
view of government were similar in that both stressed
1.
2.
3.
4.
loyalty to the government

the need for filial piety
a civil service system
equality of men and women

Explanation: Both views of government prize loyalty to the state
above all else.

A major reason for the success of the Communist revolution in
China was that the Communists
1.
2.
3.
4.
stressed Buddhism in their military training

included important businessmen in their ranks
promised land and power to the peasant class
fought successfully against the United States during World
War II

their support.

In China, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution
promoted by Mao Zedong were similar in that both plans
1. ended dynastic rule
2. disrupted industrial development

3. encouraged capitalism
4. guaranteed human rights
Explanation: Both the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural
Revolution failed in their original goals and resulted in a disruption
of the Chinese economy.

During the 1980s, the Chinese government adopted policies
designed to
1.
2.
3.
4.
increase industrial productivity

reestablish Confucian traditions and values
gain colonies throughout East Asia
maintain its isolation from world events

Explanation: Deng Xiaopings Four Modernizations program was
aimed at increasing production in key areas, such as agriculture,
industry, science and technology, and defense.

Which statement about the economy of China in the 1980s is most
accurate?
1. China surpassed the Soviet Union in steel production
2. Chinas economy slowed down because of a lack of natural
resources
3. China increased its industrial capacity and foreign trade
4. Chinas economy suffered from overproduction of consumer
goods
Explanation: Deng Xiaopings Four Modernizations program was
aimed at increasing production in key areas, such as agriculture,
industry, science and technology, and defense.

Sun Yat-sens Three Principles of the People (1911) and the
demonstrations in Tiananmen Square (1989) were similar in that
they both demanded that the Chinese government
1.
2.
3.
4.
achieve global interdependence

restore dynastic rule
introduce democratic reforms
end foreign influences in China

Explanation: Both are examples of the Chinese people's attempt at
gaining more participation in their government, and also securing
more personal liberty.

The goal of Mao Zedongs policy known as the Great Leap Forward
was to
1. develop foreign export industries in Chinas coastal urban
centers
2. eliminate state-owned industries in rural China
3. modernize Chinas economic system by dividing China into
communes
4. introduce capitalism to the Chinese economy
Explanation: The Great Leap Forward was an economic program
started by Mao Zedong in 1958. The goal was to increase
agricultural and industrial products by setting up communes for
people to live and work. This policy was a complete failure.
Production in industry and agricultural decreased, which led to
widespread famine.

Which statement about reforms in China during the 1980s and
1990s is most accurate?
1. Political reforms resulted in the overthrow of communism.

2. Economic reforms were more successful than political
reforms.
3. Political reforms increased individual rights.
4. Economic reforms forced China to return to a policy of
isolationism.
Explanation: While the Four Modernizations program was a
success economically, very little progress was made in the way of
political reform. China remains an oppressive government to its
people.

A wind has been blowing from the West; now it will begin to blow
from the East. Mao Zedong, 1949 Which idea was Mao Zedong
expressing in this quotation?
1. The monsoons will soon shift and bring destruction to the
mainland of Asia.
2. Chinese culture will no longer influence the people of Asia.
3. European power will decline as a new center of power
emerges in Asia.
4. The Asian people have much to learn from the Western
Europeans.
Explanation: Mao Zedong believed that under his communist
government, China would emerge as a world economic and political
power.
Colonial Independence / Collapse of Imperialism:

Question 1 of 50
When I go to the office, I put on my shirt and I take off my Caste;
when I come home, I take off my shirt and I put on my Caste.
1.
2.
3.
4.
the Caste system continues to influence Indian society

the Caste system has been reflected by most Indians
successful urban workers in India belong the same Caste
the Indian government officially supports the Caste system

Explanation: Shortly after India achieved independence, the Caste
system was officially outlawed. While one cannot be discriminated
against because of their Caste, it is still an influential social
institution.
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Question 2 of 50
Which factor most limited the development of African nationalism?
1. European support of an educational system based on local
traditions and language
2. the prior experience of Africans with economic selfsufficiency
3. political boundaries imposed by Europeans that had little
relationship to African tribal boundaries
4. the European practice of making decisions based on local
customs
Explanation: Most of the current boundaries in Africa are a result
of colonialism. Therefore, many nations are composed of many
different tribal and ethnic groups. These groups often feel more
loyalty toward their tribal or ethnic group than they do to their
nation.
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Question 3 of 50
One way in which Kwame Nkurmah, Jomo Kenyatta, and Kenneth
Kaunda are similar is that they all

1. supported the United Nations military action in the Persian
Gulf War
2. played a major role in independence movements in Africa
3. rejected financial aid from the World Bank
4. opposed the Pan-African movement
Explanation: All three leaders were influential in the independence
movements of Africa.
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Question 4 of 50
Which statement best describes the political situation in Africa after
World War II?
1. increased nationalism led to independence for many African
nations
2. France and West Germany sought to establish colonies in
Africa
3. European nations increased their control over their African
colonies
4. the United Nations opposed the idea of self-determination
for African nations
Explanation: Many Africans returning from the war resented being
treated as second class citizens in their own nations. Nationalism
developed and independence movements gained strength as many
European countries were unable or unwilling to fight to hold their
colonies.
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Question 5 of 50
If we are to remain free, if we are to enjoy the full benefits of

Africas enormous wealth, we must unite to plan for the full
exploitation of our human and material resources in the interest of
all our people
-Kwame Nkrumah (1950s)
This quotation best expresses the major goal of
1.
2.
3.
4.
colonialism
Pan-Africanism
imperialism
urbanization

Explanation: Pan-Africanism was a nationalistic movement in
Africa that stressed the unity of all Africans regardless of borders.
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Question 6 of 50
After World War II, which action was taken by many African
territories?
1.
2.
3.
4.
demanding independence from their colonial rulers

refusing to join international organizations
rejecting most of the technology offered by western nations
creating a strong, united Africa

colonies.
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Question 7 of 50
Mohandas Gandhi is best known for his
1.
2.
3.
4.
use of passive resistance to achieve Indian independence

desire to establish and Islamic nations
opposition to Hindus holding political office
encouragement of violence to end British rule

Explanation: Mohandas Gandhi was an independence leader who
used non-violent demonstrations and passive resistance to help end
British control of India.
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Question 8 of 50
The primary goal of the Indian National Congress (1855-1947) was
to
1.
2.
3.
4.
reform the Hindu religion

partition India between Muslims and Hindus
create a socialist economy
gain independence from Great Britain

Explanation: The Indian National Congress was a nationalistic
organization created with the goal of freeing India from British
control.
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Question 9 of 50
The rise of independent states in Asia and Africa after World War II
demonstrates the
1. failure of nationalist movements
2. influence of socialism
3. success of United Nations peacekeeping forces
4. decline of European colonial empires
Explanation: European countries were either unwilling or unable to
hold onto their colonies after the end of World War II.

Question 10 of 50
Which action best illustrates Mohandas Gandhis concept of civil
disobedience?
1. a British army outpost was bombed as a protest against the
British presence in Northern Ireland
2. citizens in the United States went to jail for violation
segregation laws
3. French citizens wrote letters to their government to oppose
arms sale to Iraq
4. supporters of Ferdinand Marcos attempted a coup detat
against the Philippine government
Explanation: Civil Disobedience is the breaking of laws believed to
be unjust by a particular group or organization. In the case of
segregation, African Americans were willing to go to jail to protest
what they saw as an unjust law.

Question 11 of 50
Which has been a characteristic of many Southeast Asian countries
since World War II?
1. internal struggles for power that lead to political instability
2. isolation from the influence of the superpowers
3. democratic governments based on the principles of the
French Revolution
4. fundamentalist Islamic governments supported by Iran

Explanation: Many nations formed after World War II struggled
for stability as inexperienced leadership fought for control of
government.

Question 12 of 50
Which event was used by Mohandas Gandhi to bring world
attention to the injustices of British colonialism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
salt march
partition of India
Sepoy Mutiny
formation of the Indian parliament

Explanation: Gandhi's Salt March was in protest of Britain's
monopoly of the salt market in India. Gandhi was jailed, along with
hundreds of others, but managed to bring worldwide attention on the
problem of India's independence movement.
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Question 13 of 50
Since the 1950s, India has experienced conflict with both Pakistan
and China over
1.
2.
3.
4.
United Nations peacekeeping efforts in the region

Indias increasing trade with Korea
borders and related territorial issues
the interpretation of common religious works

Explanation: British officials drew borders that created a Hindu
India and a Muslim Pakistan in 1947. Since this time, there has been
conflict between the two nations. India has also experienced
problems with China over their shared border.

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Question 14 of 50
Which statement best reflects a belief of Mohandas Gandhi?
1. Muslims and Hindus must be separated if true peace is to
come to India
2. India must adopt the British factory system
3. The caste system must remain an important cornerstone of
Hindu society
4. India must achieve independence, but not at the expense of
further dividing the Indian people
Explanation: Gandhi believed independence should not come at the
price of causing further conflict in India, such as what already
existed between the Hindu and Muslim populations.
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Question 15 of 50
Since Indias independence in 1947, the government has had the
greatest success in
1.
2.
3.
4.
increasing overall food production

reducing the population
eliminating religious conflict
controlling industrial pollution

Explanation: After independence, India switch from the colonial
policy of cash crop production, to food production in response to its
growing population.
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Question 16 of 50
The Canal was dug by Egypts sons and 120,000 of them died while
working. The Suez Canal Company in Paris is an imposter
company. It usurped our concessions Therefore, I have signed
today the following law which has been approved by the Cabinet:
Article 1 of the decree reads, The Universal Company of the Suez
Maritime CanalEgyptian Joint-Stock Company is hereby
nationalized. All its assets, rights and obligations are hereby
transferred to the Nation.
-Source: World History, Prentice Hall
This passage describes the decision of the Egyptian government to

1.
2.
3.
4.
end trade with Mediterranean countries

stop building canals
take control of the Suez Canal
sell the Suez Canal to France

Explanation: In 1956, Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez
Canal, which effectively took control away from the British.

Question 17 of 50
One reason India gained its independence from Great Britain in
1947 was that
1. Great Britain was defeated in World War II
2. the Treaty of Versailles required Great Britain to give up its
colonies
3. Great Britain did not have the resources to maintain an
empire after World War II
4. India had supported the Axis Powers during World War II
Explanation: Many European countries were either unwilling or

unable to hold onto their colonies after the end of World War II.

Question 18 of 50
One important similarity between Indira Gandhi of India and
Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan is that both
1. are Hindu leaders of Islamic nations
2. became important national leaders in nations in which
women have not traditionally had equal opportunities
3. came into power as a result of the breakup of the Soviet
Union
4. became leaders of the Asian bloc of nations at the United
Nations
Explanation: Both became the leaders in societies where women
traditionally do not take part in political life.

Question 19 of 50
One similarity between the Sepoys in India, the Boxers in China,
and the Mau Mau in Kenya is that these groups
1.
2.
3.
4.
tried to drive Europeans out of their countries

depended on Western support for their success
adopted Marxist economic and political principles
sought independence through nonviolence

Explanation: All three are example of violent rebellion against a
colonial power. All three were ultimately a failure.

Question 20 of 50
The homespun movement and the Salt March promoted by

Mohandas Gandhi in India are examples of his policy of
1.
2.
3.
4.
industrialization
isolationism
nonalignment
nonviolent protest

Explanation: Gandhi's Salt March and homespun movement were
both forms of non-violent protest aimed at drawing attention to
inequities in society under British rule.
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Question 21 of 50
Which statement best explains why India was partitioned in 1947?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the British feared a united India

one region wanted to remain under British control
religious differences led to political division
communist supporters wanted a separate state

India and a Muslim Pakistan in 1947 due to religious tensions
resulting in violence between the two groups.
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Question 22 of 50
During Indias independence movement, Mohandas Gandhis
boycott of British-made products was effective because the British
considered India a major
1. shipping center
2. industrial center
3. market for manufactured goods

4. source of mineral resources
Explanation: Gandhi's homespun movement was aimed at
disrupting Britain's trade with India. India imported a number of
manufactured products from Great Britain, especially finished
clothing.
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Question 23 of 50
The stability of many African nations continues to be threatened by
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
spread of Animism among the people

ethnic and tribal loyalties of the people
use of command economies
establishment of labor unions

Explanation: Ethnic and tribal loyalties have been the cause of
political instability and violence in many African nations since
independence.
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Question 24 of 50
The war between India and Pakistan in Kashmir in 1965, the
sending of Indian troops to Sir Lanka in 1987, and the assassination
of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 all demonstrate that in South Asia
1.
2.
3.
4.
a. the Shino religion is a significant force

a. United Nations peacekeeping forces are ineffective
b. regional and ethnic rivalries remain strong
c. nations are vulnerable to a communist takeover

Explanation: Numerous conflicts in South Asia have been caused
by the different ethnic and religious groups inhabiting this region.
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Question 25 of 50
In India today, the continued discrimination based on caste
illustrates
1.
2.
3.
4.
a. a commitment to a capitalist economic system

b. the gap between law and tradition
c. the influence of the Cold War on India
c. the declining role of religion in modern society

institution.

Question 26 of 50
India has developed a mixed economy that
1. a. guarantees government control over the economy
2. b. provides open competition without government
interference
3. c. blends free enterprise with socialism
4. d. relies on the traditional barter system
Explanation: India's political and economic system is similar to
that of their former colonial overlord, Great Britain.
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Question 27 of 50
During the 1980s, national unity in India was hindered by
1.
2.
3.
4.
a. a foreign policy of nonalignment

b. continued fear of attack from the Soviet Union
c. political interference from China
c. conflicts between Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims

Explanation: Since independence, India has often faced problems
due to the religious differences of its population.
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Question 28 of 50
With which nation are Pol Pot, the Khmer Rouge, and genocide
associated?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Korea
Japan
Myanmar (Burma)
Cambodia (Kampuchea)

Explanation: Pol Pot was the leader of the Khmer Rouge, who
followed a policy of genocide in the country of Cambodia
(Kampuchea).

Question 29 of 50
--Rebellion in the Congo during the 1960s
--Civil war in Nigeria from 1967 to 1970
--Fighting in the Sudan in the 1980s
--Massacres in Rwanda in the 1990s
Which factor was the main reason for these conflicts?
1.
2.
3.
4.
poor food distribution systems

communist interference
demands for land reform
ethnic rivalries

independence.
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Question 30 of 50
In some African nations today, ethnic rivalries erupt when
1.
2.
3.
4.
political differences are motivated by ancient resentments

trading companies hire nonunion workers
scarce funds halt the exploration for mineral resources
groups share a common heritage

independence.
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Question 31 of 50
Which statement is most accurate about many African societies
today?
1. modern medicines have been ineffective in decreasing infant
mortality throughout Africa
2. new attitudes and values often clash with traditional tribal
practices
3. agriculture is no longer the most important economic activity
in Africa
4. European influence no longer exists in the former colonial
territories
Explanation: As Africa modernizes, clashes occur between
traditional tribal practices and more modern attitudes and values.

Question 32 of 50
Which situation would best encourage economic development in
most African nations today?
1.
2.
3.
4.
a. increasing the population growth rate

b. attracting investment capital
c. reducing the number of skilled workers
d. depleting their natural resources

Explanation: Africa has vast natural resources, but little industry.
Capital investment is needed to modernize and industrialize many
African nations.

Question 33 of 50
The caste system is still practiced in India today primarily because it
is
1.
2.
3.
4.
encouraged by village customs and traditions

enforced by the military
supported by Christian and Muslim teachings
mandated by law

institution.

Question 34 of 50
In 1991, Pakistan amended its constitution and made the Koran the
basis of all its laws. Which group was responsible for this action?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kashmir separatists
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Buddhist monks
Islamic fundamentalists

Explanation: The Koran is the holy book of Islam. Pakistan has a
majority Muslim population. Many Islamic nations base their
system of law and government on the Koran.

Question 35 of 50
In India, the people have resisted changing their attitudes toward the
caste system because
1. national Muslim leaders have supported the caste system
2. the government is unwilling to end the caste system
3. continued religious conflict prevents changes in the caste
system
4. the Hindu beliefs of karma and dharma reinforce the caste
system
institution.

Question 36 of 50
Today you wont find a single African head of state who stands on
a podium and declares: I am a Marxist. Instead all the talk is
aboutcurrency, private enterprise, and getting hold of capital.

--Tei Mante of Ghana
Which statement about the economies of African nations is best
supported by the information in this quotation?
1. African nations remain heavily dependent on China and
North Korea for trade, capital, and food
2. African nations are more concerned with obtaining
investment capital than with discussing political
philosophies
3. African nations realize they must cooperate
4. the failure of capitalism in Africa has helped the communists
grow in strength
Explanation: Since the collapse of communism in the Soviet
Union, and the subsequent withdrawal of support, many African
nations have turned toward capitalism to modernize and
industrialize.

Question 37 of 50
The actions of Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, Leopold Senghor,
and Julius Nyerere were most closely associated with
1.
2.
3.
4.
a rise in nationalism in several African countries

the end of apartheid in South Africa
a resurgence of colonialism in east Africa
the revival of Islam in northern Africa

Explanation: All were nationalistic leaders of various African
nations during the independence movements.
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Question 38 of 50
The wars that took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
and Nigeria in the 1960s and in Rwanda and Somalia in the early
1990s are similar in that these wars were caused in part by disputes
1.
2.
3.
4.
over water sources

over oil and mineral rights
between ethnic groups
between communist and noncommunist forces

independence.

Question 39 of 50
Indian National Congress Refuses To Support British War Effort
Indians Answer Call for the Production of Homespun Cloth
Indians Call for Boycott of Imported British Cloth
These three headlines all refer to
1.
2.
3.
4.
attempts by the native people to gain Indian independence

political reorganization in the British colonia empire
programs to increase Indias standard of living
the benefits of economic interdependence between Britain
and India

Explanation: All three examples are efforts by India to achieve
independence from Great Britain.
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Question 40 of 50
After World War II, the conflict between Hindus and Muslims in
India resulted in the
1. near genocide of the Hindu population

2. creation of the Muslim state of Pakistan
3. forced removal of most Hindus from northern and western
India
4. decision of Mohandas Gandhi to seek election as Prime
Minister of India
India and a Muslim Pakistan in 1947. Since this time, there has been
conflict between the two nations.
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Question 41 of 50
Which statement is valid about the history of Southeast Asia?
1. Industrialization has strengthened the traditional beliefs and
lifestyles of the people.
2. The area has experienced little European contact.
3. Superpower influence has brought peace and prosperity to
the region.
4. Religious beliefs have both unified and divided the people of
the region.
Explanation: South Asia is inhabited by very diverse ethnic and
religious groups. At various times this diversity has caused wars,
while at other times, these groups have unified nations.
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Question 42 of 50
Since Nigerias independence in 1960, its government has
frequently shifted between democracy and military dictatorship.
This situation suggests that
1. some Nigerians support British colonialism

2. international problems are more easily solved by military
governments
3. democracy is often difficult to establish in nations where
little democratic tradition exists
4. economic prosperity is frequently achieved by military
governments
independence.

Question 43 of 50
The desire for self-determination in African nations became a
powerful force for change immediately after
1.
2.
3.
4.
World War II
the Boer War
revolutions in Russia and France
the end of the Cold War

colonies.
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Question 44 of 50
Rhodesia Becomes Zimbabwe
Gold Coast Becomes Ghana
These headlines suggest that African governments sometimes
rename their nations to

1.
2.
3.
4.
avoid military overthrow

reflect traditional cultures
reinforce colonial influences
increase foreign investments

Explanation: After independence, many Africa nations were
renamed in an effort to break with European colonialism and reflect
African heritage and tradition.

Question 45 of 50
In India today, a major reason the caste system remains strongest in
rural areas is that
1.
2.
3.
4.
economic change occurs rapidly in villages

village laws have resulted in immediate social change
tradition remains a strong influence in small villages
Islam is the dominant religion

institution.

Question 46 of 50
During the Cold War period, Indias foreign policy was committed
to
1.
2.
3.
4.
supporting communism in Asia

rejecting democracy in Pakistan
nonalignment with the world powers
isolationism in international commerce

Explanation: India followed the policy of nonalignment during the
Cold War. Nonalignment was when a country remained neutral
during the ongoing conflict between the Soviet Union and the
United States.
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Question 47 of 50
Since the end of World War II, military rearmament in Japan has
been limited by
1.
2.
3.
4.
specific restrictions in Japans constitution

Japans refusal to sign a nuclear nonproliferation treaty
the United Nations refusal to sell weapons to the Japanese
a scarcity of technology and resources in Japan

Explanation: One of the provisions of the peace treaty ending
World War II with Japan, was that they were not allowed to rebuild
a military force beyond certain limits.

Question 48 of 50
A sense of national unity has been difficult to maintain in India
because of
1.
2.
3.
4.
its reliance on foreign aid

the emergence of a mixed economic system
the continuing influence of militarism
the desire of religious groups for greater autonomy

Explanation: India is inhabited by people of diverse religious and
ethnic groups. This continues to cause problems in India, and make
national unity nearly impossible.
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Question 49 of 50
Which statement about the problems of Indian independence is a
fact rather than an opinion?
1. Stronger government leadership would have prevented
bloodshed.
2. Control of India by Great Britain brought more benefits than
difficulties.
3. Muslim leaders wanted their own separate Muslim state.
4. India would have been more prosperous if it had remained a
colony.
Explanation: Muslim leaders wanting their own separate state is
the only answer based on fact.

Question 50 of 50
East Africa is changing. . . . When my children go . . . with us to
visit my parents . . . they feel out of place. They see bare floor, the
different food, and they cannot understand it as we can. . . . They
will never scorn [reject] their origins, but it is just no longer their
way of life. They have something better to look forward to.
Which facet of African life is described in this quotation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
political problems of developing nations

ethnic conflicts
conflict between tradition and modernization
prejudice against elderly family members

Explanation: As Africa modernizes, clashes occur between
traditional tribal practices and more modern attitudes and values.
Conflict in the Middle East: Question 1 of 20

The main course of the Arab-Israeli conflicts from 1948 to 1973
was the clash between
1.
2.
3.
4.
Islamic Fundamentalism and Orthodox Judaism

Arab socialism and Israeli capitalism
Arab nationalism and Jewish nationalism
Israeli technology and Saudi Arabian economic goals

Explanation: The Arab-Israeli conflict stems from the division of
Palestine by the United Nations in 1947. Separate Jewish and Arab
states were created. The Jews accepted this plan, while the Arabs
did not. Shortly after, the Jews created the state of Israel, which
caused all of the neighboring Arab nations to attack. There has been
nearly constant warfare in this region since the creation of Israel.

In Iran, the Revolution of 1979 and the rise of Islamic
fundamentalism resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
an increase in womans rights

the westernization and modernization of the nation
a return to many traditional customs
the introduction of a democratic form of government

Explanation: The revolution of 1979 ended the westernization and
modernization of Iran, and set up a traditional government and
society based upon the Koran.

Who were David Ben-Gurion, Golda Meir, and Menachem Begin?
1. leaders of the modern state of Israel
2. scientist who developed better methods of discovering oil
3. clergy who supported Islamic Fundamentalism
4. Egyptian presidents who encouraged peace with Israel

Explanation: All three people were Prime Minister of Israel at one
time.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s the greatest threat to the
stability of the nations of Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco was the
1.
2.
3.
4.
rising standard of living of their citizens

economic reforms taking place in Eastern Europe
rise of Islamic Fundamentalism
lack of financial aid from the United States

Explanation: Islamic fundamentalism is a movement to reject
westernization and return to a more tradition society based upon the
Koran.

Israel is a country that has
1.
2.
3.
4.
an abundance of oil
a democratically elected government
Islam as its official religion
friendly ties to Jordan

Explanation: Israels government is a Parliamentary Democracy.

In 1979, the signing of the Camp David Accords by Egypt and
Israel indicated that
1. nationalism was no longer a force in middle Eastern politics
2. the differences between Shiite and Sunni Moslems had been

settled
3. former enemies were able to negotiate
4. the Soviet Union dominated Middle Eastern affairs
Explanation: The Camp David Accords was the first peace treaty
ever signed by Israel and an Arab nation. It ended the state of war
between Israel and Egypt.

During the 1980s, the economic development of Iran and Iraq was
disrupted because of
1.
2.
3.
4.
increased emphasis on agricultural production for export

the war fought between these nations
communist revolutionary movements in these nations
severe drought and famine in the area

Explanation: The Iran-Iraq War occurred between 1980 and 1988.
This war had a disruptive effect on the economies of both nations,
and cost each hundreds of thousands of lives.

A major factor that continues to contribute to terrorist activities in
the Middle East is
1.
2.
3.
4.
a decrease in crude oil prices on the world market

the Palestinian effort to establish a homeland
the presence of United Nations forces in Syria
the worldwide rejection of violence as a means to end
conflict

Explanation: Since the creation of Israel in 1948, the Palestinians
have been denied a homeland of their own. This has caused violence
between the Israelis and the numerous terrorist organizations that
support the Palestinian cause.

The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran was a reaction to the failure of
Shah Reza Pahlavi to
1.
2.
3.
4.
modernize the nations economy

meet the social and political needs of the people
establish political ties with western nations
supply the military with advanced weapons technology

Explanation: Shah Reza Pahlavi westernized and modernized Iran.
However, he ruled as a dictator, often violating his peoples civil
rights in an effort to stay in power. This ultimately led to the
revolution that removed him from power.

During the 1980s the governments of Libya and Iran were similar
in that both were linked to
1.
2.
3.
4.
efforts to separate religion and politics

advocates of judicial reform
incidents of international terrorism
promotion of democratic principles in third world nations

Explanation: Both Libya and Iran have supported various terrorist
activities at one time or another.

The actions of most Islamic fundamentalists show that they support
1. a Zionist movement
2. equal rights for women
3. traditional Muslim teachings
4. a renewed attempt at modernization

Koran.

In most of the nations of the Middle East, a major long-term
economic concern will be the need for
1.
2.
3.
4.
unskilled labor
imported oil
diversified industry
herds of camels

Explanation: Many Middle Eastern nations need to develop diverse
industrial projects to remain competitive in the world market.

Which type of government did Ayatollah Khomeini establish as a
result of the Iranian Revolution in 1979?
1.
2.
3.
4.
constitutional monarchy
fundamentalist Islamic state
democratic republic
radical Marxist regime

Explanation: The revolution of 1979 ended the westernization and
modernization of Iran, and set up a traditional government and
society based upon the Koran.

One similarity in the leadership of Kemal Ataturk, Gamal Nasser,
and Shah Reza Pahlavi is that all these leaders

1.
2.
3.
4.
sought to modernize their nations

came to power as a result of democratic elections
encouraged their people to convert to Hinduism
led invasions into Israel

Explanation: Ataturk and Pahlavi modernized and westernized
their countries with the help of Europe and the United States, while
Nasser modernized with the help of the Soviet Union.

As a peace process continues in the Middle East, a major stumbling
block to a settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict is the question of
1.
2.
3.
4.
ownership and operation of the Suez Canal

control of the Arabian Peninsula
representation of Palestinian Arabs and Israelis
land and civil rights for Palestinian Arabs


The Middle Eastern leaders Kemal Ataturk, David Ben-Gurion, and
Yasir Arafat are best known for their support of
1.
2.
3.
4.
nationalism
fascism
colonialism
communism

Explanation: Ataturk was the leader of Turkey, Ben-Gurion of
Israel, and Arafat of the Palestine Liberation Organization. All three

followed a nationalistic policy in pursuit of their goals.

The time has come for you to go
Live where you like, but not among us...
Get out of our soil, our sea, our wheat, our salt, our wounds.
[Get] out of the memory of our memories
Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian poet
Which concept is supported by the ideas expressed in this passage?
1.
2.
3.
4.
socialism
absolutism
humanitarianism
nationalism


In the 1990s, the action by the Israeli Government that has most
divided Israeli society has been the decision to
1. grant control of part of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the
Palestinians
2. support the United Statesled Allied Coalition during the
Persian Gulf War
3. support the Camp David accords
4. oppose Islamic fundamentalist rule in Iran
Explanation: In the 1990s, Israel has slowly granted the
Palestinians more land and self rule as a step in the peace making
process. This has caused discontent among many Israelis.

The response of the international community to Iraqs invasion of
Kuwait in 1990 best illustrates the
1.
2.
3.
4.
lack of cooperation between the major world powers

global acceptance of imperialism
effect of oil on world politics
ineffectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping forces

Explanation: Iraqs invasion of Kuwait could have disrupted the
world's oil supply. In response, a coalition of various oil dependent
nations formed to oppose Iraq and liberate Kuwait.

The statements below refer to changes in Afghanistan in the 1990s.
The Taliban controls the government.
Women must clothe themselves from head to toe.
Men are required to grow beards.
Girls are not allowed to attend school.
These changes in Afghanistan have resulted from a movement
toward
1.
2.
3.
4.
Marxist ideology
liberation theology
constitutional reforms
Islamic fundamentalism

Koran.
Apartheid in South Africa: Question 1 of 9

Which conclusion is best supported by this cartoon?
1. Imprisonment of political dissidents rarely ends opposition to the

government.
2. The United Nations supports punishment for acts of civil
disobedience.
3. Better media coverage would prevent the imprisonment of
protesters.
4. Mistreatment of political prisoners often results in their acceptance
of government policies.
Explanation: Nelson Mandela remained a force in the struggle to end
Apartheid throughout his years in prison. When he was freed, he became the
driving force in the end of this policy.

In the Republic of South Africa, the primary goal of the African
National Congress (ANC) has been to

1.
2.
3.
4.
eliminate communist influence

rule as the majority political party
create a united Africa
promote homeland areas for Blacks

Explanation: The African National Congress is composed of South
Africa blacks who are the majority people in South Africa, but have
been denied participation in the government by the minority white
population. The ANC has sought to become the ruling party in
South Africa for some time.

In the 1980s, global concern for Blacks in the Republic of South
Africa led many nations to
1.
2.
3.
4.
impose economic sanctions on South Africa

demand that Whites return to their European homelands
sent troops to South Africa
support policies of Apartheid

Explanation: One of the many tools other nations used to end
Apartheid was economic boycotts of South African products and
services.

The Very First Thing You Should Know About South African
Stocks and Bonds
Two Leading Financial Institutions Show You Around South
Africas Banking World
Amalgamated Banks of South Africa: Everything Youd Expect
From An International Banking Partner
The titles of these pamphlets, available in 1994 from an American
business and financial publication, reflect

1. a continuation of the international trade sanctions imposed
on South Africa in 1985
2. a renewed interest in investing in South Africas economy
3. the hazards associated with overseas economic investment
4. a belief that the banks and the bond market in South Africa
are inferior to those in Europe
Explanation: Since the end of Apartheid, many nations have taken
a renewed interest in conducting business with the people and
government of South Africa.

In which way has the end of apartheid had a positive economic
effect on South Africa?
1. Black South African managers have increased industrial
productivity throughout the nation
2. the introduction of communism has led to a more equal
distribution of income
3. many foreign companies have resumed trading and investing
in South Africa
4. all profits of South Africas industries are now reinvested
out of the country
Explanation: Since the end of Apartheid, many nations have taken
a renewed interest in conducting business with the people and
government of South Africa.

Which statement best characterizes the period of apartheid in South
Africa?
1. the majority of the population had the right to vote
2. the Boers attempted to conquer Nigeria
3. many racist ideas of the ruling minority were adopted into
laws
4. French was declared the official language of the nation
Explanation: Apartheid was a series of laws that segregated and
discriminated against the majority black population of South Africa.
This policy was started and upheld by the minority white population
who held all governmental power.

In the Republic of South Africa, the slogans Freedom in Our
Lifetime and New South Africa changed from promises to reality
after
1. Frederik W. de Klerk took over the radical white police
force
2. Untied Nations troops occupied the Transvaal
3. Nelson Mandela was elected President
4. the majority of white South Africans returned to Europe
Explanation: The election of Nelson Mandela, a black South
African, marked the beginning of a new era in South African
history. Apartheid laws had been repealed and the government
began working toward the equally of all of its citizens.

A major problem currently facing the Republic of South Africa is
the
1. continuation of attacks from neighboring Zimbabwe
2. move toward the creation of a theocratic state
3. struggle for power between different groups within South
Africas black majority
4. continued international economic embargo against South
Africa
Explanation: Rival groups within South Africas majority black

population continue to contend for control of the country.

Since the end of apartheid in South Africa, what has been one of the
major challenges to the current government?
1.
2.
3.
4.
establishing diplomatic relations with Europe

resolving regional and ethnic rivalries
guaranteeing religious freedom for all groups
improving transportation throughout the country

Explanation: South Africa, like many other African nations, is
made up of many different ethnic groups. The current challenge is to
build a government where all groups feel represented. This has
proved difficult for other nations, and has often led to violence.
Collapse of Communism: Question 1 of 17

What is the main idea of this 1991 cartoon?
1. The unification of Germany has been hurt by poor leadership in

the country.
2. The economic differences between East and West Germany
have limited the growth of the total German economy.
3. East Germany's strong economy has strengthened a united
Germany.
4. Both East Germany and West Germany have contributed
equally to the new economy of a reunified Germany.
Explanation: Prior to German reunification, West Germany enjoyed a
thriving economy, while East German suffered under a communist
economy. Since reunification, the united Germany has struggled to
maintain a good economy due to rebuilding in the eastern half of the
country.

During the late 1980s, the Soviet Union experienced internal unrest
mainly as a result of
1.
2.
3.
4.
widespread protests against involvement in Afghanistan

a lack of raw materials and natural resources
a failure to use modern technology in the military
increased demands of minority ethnic groups

Explanation: During the 1980s, the diverse ethnic groups inside of
the Soviet Union began to fight for autonomy and self government.
This eventually led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

During the presidency of Mikhail Gorbachev, which problem faced
the Soviet Union?
1. ethnic minorities demanded the right of self-determination
2. agricultural production grew faster than food consumption
3. the nations of Eastern Europe insisted that the Soviet Union
keep troops in Eastern Europe
4. Western European nations refused to trade with the Soviet
Union
Explanation: During the 1980s, the diverse ethnic groups inside of
the Soviet Union began to fight for autonomy and self government.
This eventually led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Article 50in accordance with the interests of the people and in
order to strengthen and develop the socialist system, citizens of the
USSR are guaranteed freedom of speech of the press, and of
assembly, meetings, street processions and demonstrations.
Exercise of these political freedoms is ensured by putting public
buildings, streets and squares at the disposal of the working people
and their organizations, by broad dissemination of information, and
by the opportunity to use the press, television, and radio.
-Excerpt from the constitution of the Soviet Union
Which conclusion can be reached by a comparison of events in the
Soviet Union and this passage from the constitution of the Soviet
Union?
1. constitutional rights guarantee a free society
2. a national constitution always guarantees human rights
3. a constitutional guarantee must be very specific in order to
be effective
4. a constitutional guarantee may be limited by government
actions
Explanation: Despite a written constitution which guaranteed
certain rights, the practice of the communist government was often
oppressive.

During the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev introduced Perestroika in the
Soviet Union to
1. improve the economy and decentralize decision making

2. abandon arms treaties with the United States and Western
Europe
3. tighten government controls over the communication media
4. suppress the growing nationalist movements in Eastern
Europe
Explanation: Perestroika was an economic policy aimed at
increasing production and strengthening the economy by
introducing free market principles.

The revolt in Hungary (1956), the demonstrations in
Czechoslovakia (1968), and the formation of solidarity in Poland
(1980s) are similar in that they
1. were movements in restore the power of the aristocracy
2. were tolerated by the communist leaders, who accepted the
need for change
3. represented a challenge to communist leadership
4. represented attempts to rid these countries of western ideas
and influence
Explanation: At various times, different Soviet satellite states
sought to free themselves from communist control.

One result of the collapse of the Soviet Union has been that
1. some former republics have reorganized the Warsaw Pact
2. ethnic violence has broken out in some regions
3. an era of peace and stability has emerged in most of the
former republics
4. the republics have made an east transition to a market
economy

Explanation: Ethnic groups have begun fighting for control over
some of the regions once controlled by the Soviet Union.

Polish Communist Party Fails in Election Bid
Romanians Depose Communist Dictator
Which is a valid conclusion based on these headlines from the late
1980s?
1. military buildups are continuing in Eastern Europe
2. planned economies in Eastern Europe have become
increasingly successful
3. demands for democracy ended many totalitarian
governments in Eastern Europe
4. the Soviet Union stopped independence efforts in Eastern
Europe

The Soviet Union Splits into 15 Republics
Yugoslavia Experiences Internal Conflict
Germany Reunifies
Which conclusion do these three headlines suggest?
1.
2.
3.
4.
communism remains an important force in Europe

many Western European nations are experiencing civil war
international sanctions strengthen a nations ability to govern
the forces of nationalism can either divide of unite a nation



The initial reaction of the Russian government to the fighting that
broke out in Chechnya in the 1990s demonstrated that Russia
1. is unwilling to grant independence to dissenting ethnic
groups
2. has little control over its arsenal of nuclear weapons
3. will defend its remaining republics against foreign invasion
4. favors reestablishing communism
Explanation: Russia was unwilling to let Chechnya break away
from the newly formed Russian Federation. This policy led to
violence in this region.

Cuba today is a land of impossible contradictions, a utopia with
beggars, a so-called puppet still dancing after the puppet masters
death.
In this 1993 newspaper quotation, which nation is referred to as the
puppet master?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Haiti
Soviet Union
Spain
United States

Explanation: Cuba was one of the many satellite states of the
former Soviet Union. Despite the collapse of communism in the
former Soviet Union, Cuba remains committed to this
economic/political system.
Germany Recognizes the Independence of Slovenia

United States Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Croatia
Latvia Joins the United Nations
These headlines illustrate the
1.
2.
3.
4.
collapse of the governments of these nations

strength of the Russia Empire
beginning of a united Europe
increase in international support for self-determination

Explanation: As the Soviet Union began to collapse, many new
nations were formed in Eastern Europe. This development was
greeted with enthusiasm around the world.

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the major problems in
Eastern Europe and Russia have primarily resulted from the
1.
2.
3.
4.
high rate of illiteracy found in most of these nations

refusal of government leaders to allow foreign investments
switch from a command economy to a free-market economy
unwillingness of the industrialized nations to provide
advisors

Explanation: Eastern Europe and Russia have faced many
problems as they switch over to a free market economy.

In both former Yugoslavia and the former Soviet Union, the desire
for self-determination is resulting in increased
1.
2.
3.
4.
collectivization
ethnic conflict
economic equality
educational opportunities

Explanation: Both nations are composed of diverse ethnic groups,
each wanting self rule over nations of their own.

One reason for the collapse of the Communist economic system in
Eastern Europe during the early 1990s was that this system
1.
2.
3.
4.
lacked adequate incentives to maintain high productivity

used the principles of mercantilism
encouraged laissez-faire practices and policies
relied on the outdated law of supply and demand

production planning. This system provides very little motivation to
maintain high productivity, as no one benefits but the government.

The destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is symbolic of the
1. end of the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe
2. declining power of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
3. fall of the Weimar Republic
4. collapse of the European Union
Explanation: The Berlin Wall was a symbol of Soviet control over
Eastern Europe. The destruction of the wall symbolized the
weakening of that control, as the Soviet Union began to break apart.

In the 1990s under the leadership of Boris Yeltsin, Russia
attempted to become
1.
2.
3.
4.
a democracy with a market economy

a dictatorship with a command economy
an autocracy practicing mercantilism
an oligarchy based on serfdom

Explanation: Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has
been working toward a democratic form of government with a
capitalist economy.
Political Unrest in Latin America: Question 1 of 17

In many Latin American nations, the leadership roles assumed by
the military and by the Roman Catholic Church evolved from
1.
2.
3.
4.
Native American beliefs

the development of the triangular trade
the effects of matriarchal societies
Spanish colonial rule

Explanation: During the colonial period in Latin America, the
clergy and members of the military were considered to be part of the
elite.

In many Latin American nations, which group has most resisted
social and economic changes since the end of World War II?
1.
2.
3.
4.
poor farmers
the military
union leaders
the middle class

Explanation: During the colonial period in Latin America,
members of the military were considered to be part of the elite. Any
social or economic change would result in the weakening of their
positions in society.

The main purpose of the Organization of American States (OAS) is
to
1.
2.
3.
4.
integrate the economies of Latin American nations

encourage United States military involvement in the region
destroy the power of Colombian drug lords
provide a way to resolve regional problems peacefully

Explanation: The OAS was formed in 1948 to help promote
democracy, human rights, and economic cooperation between
nations of Latin America and the United States.

During the last ten years, what has occurred in many of the nations
of Latin America?
1.
2.
3.
4.
successful communist revolutions

an increase in the number of popularly elected leaders
a growing dependence on Cuba for economic support
a return to their former colonial status

Explanation: Since the end of the Cold War, many Latin America
countries have begun forming democratic governments, as aid to
communist dictators from the former Soviet Union has ended.

Which group has been a major force in calling for the protection of
human rights in Central America during the 1980s and 1990s?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Caudillos
military generals
Landowners
liberation theology clergy

Explanation: The liberation theology clergy has been instrumental
in gaining support for the protection of human rights in Latin
America.

Brazils establishment of an equal partnership with foreign investors
and Venezuelas control of its highly profitable oil industry are
examples of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Neocolonialism
new imperialism
economic nationalism
Fascism

Explanation: Latin America has nationalized many industries in an
attempt to break from its colonial past, and control its own future.

At the present time, which is a major economic problem for many
Latin American governments?
1.
2.
3.
4.
increased settlement in rural areas

low rates of inflation
inability to pay foreign debts
lack of a chief executive

Explanation: Latin America has accumulated a large, foreign debt
while building its industry and trade. This debt has created
economic problems in recent years.

Which major economic problem has been faced by many Latin
American nations throughout their histories?
1.
2.
3.
4.
lack of capital for industrial development

declining birthrate
widespread acceptance of Marxist economic policies
lack of labor for factories

Explanation: Little investment capital has been available to Latin
America due to its political instability, and the industrialized world's
reliance on them as a market for their finished goods.

During the 20th century, a major course of political problems in
Latin American has been
1.
2.
3.
4.
a decrease in population
the declining importance of international trade
widespread poverty
increasing social mobility

Explanation: Continued political instability in the region has led to
a weak economy and widespread poverty.

Which has been an important factor that has discouraged investment
in the economic developments of many Latin American nations?
1.
2.
3.
4.

history of colonial dependence
declining birthrate
political instability

Explanation: Political instability and the constant threat of violent
revolution has made many investors reluctant to do business in Latin
America.

Which statement best describes the Roman Catholic Church in most
Latin American countries in the 1980s?
1. the activities of the church are controlled by the national
governments
2. the church has confined its activities to religious issues
3. the church has become active in social and human rights
issues
4. most people see the church as having little influence in daily
life
Explanation: The Catholic Church, along with other religious
groups, has been a champion of social and human rights in Latin
America.

Which type of government has resulted from the changing political
trends in much of Latin America during the 1990s?
1.
2.
3.
4.
monarchy
military juntas
democracy
fascism

Explanation: Many Latin America countries are slowly forming
democratic governments, as aid to communist groups has
disappeared with the collapse of the Soviet Union.

A major problem facing many Central American nations is that their
nations wealth is
1. generally invested in consumer industries
2. controlled by a small group of landed elite
3. distributed throughout the large middle class
4. held mainly by government agencies

Explanation: Wealth in many Latin American countries is not
distributed evenly. Instead, a small group of landowning elite
control most of the economic power of these nations.

In the 20th century, an economic weakness of many Central
American nations has been
1.
2.
3.
4.
a reliance on monsoons for water to irrigate crops

an overdependence on one or two cash crops for export
chronic labor shortages caused by slow population growth
excessive investment in foreign manufacturing industries

Explanation: Many Latin American countries depend completely
on one or two cash crops as the prime source of income. This has
limited food production in some areas and led to periodic food
shortages.

Since World War II, what action have many Latin American nations
taken to improve their economies?
1.
2.
3.
4.
reinforcing traditional farming methods

encouraging citizens to emigrate to other nations
adopting protectionist policies
encouraging industrial development

Explanation: Latin America has focused its economies an
industrializing since World War II. The problem has been finding
investment capital to begin such a process. This is difficult due to
the continued political instability in the region.

In Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s, which group
became increasingly active in promoting human rights?
1.
2.
3.
4.
wealthy landholders
Roman Catholic clergy
successful industrialists
military leaders

Explanation: The Catholic Church, along with other religious
groups, has been a champion of social and human rights in Latin
America.

Which political trend exists in present-day Latin America?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most countries are becoming military juntas.

Communism is spreading throughout the region.
Democracy is replacing dictatorship.
Religious leaders are making government policy.

Explanation: Many Latin America countries are slowly forming
democratic governments, as aid to communist dictators has
disappeared with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Post-Cold War Hot Spots: Question 1 of 8

Which conclusion about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) can be drawn from this 1994 cartoon?
1. NATO did not react quickly enough to the crisis in Bosnia.

2. Bosnia and NATO continue to disagree about the causes of
the civil war.
3. NATO's actions have allowed communism to take advantage
of the destruction of Bosnia.
4. The United States will probably withdraw from NATO as a
result of the Bosnian crisis.
Explanation: NATO is a military alliance of the United States and
various nations of Europe. During the 1990s, it failed to act quickly
enough to stop the warfare and destruction in Bosnia and other
Balkan nations.

Russia Takes Soviet Union Seat
Taiwan (R.O.C.) Ousted in Favor of Peoples Republic
Baltic Republics Join As Full Members
These headlines best illustrate that the United Nations
1.
2.
3.
4.
is usually dominated by industrialized countries

generally relies on the use of force to enforce its decisions
responds to changing political conditions
permits developing nations to block the proposals of
Westerns nations
Explanation: As world conditions have changed, the United

Nations has changed to meet current, relevant needs.

Recent events in the former nations of Czechoslovakia and
Yugoslavia reflect a nationalist trend of
1.
2.
3.
4.
dividing nations along ethnic lines

encouraging multiethnic cooperation
uniting nations with similar interests
supporting the development of a command economy

Explanation: Both former nations have divided themselves along
ethnic lines creating new nations in the process.

Disputes over Indias control of Kashmir, Jammu, and Punjab are
examples of the continuing problem of
1.
2.
3.
4.
territorial claims based on religion

Chinese claims to this region
terrorist actions by Serbian refugees
the policy of nonalignment

Explanation: Ethnic and religious loyalties continue to cause
problems around the world.

One reason North Korea has been the focus of worldwide attention
in the mid-1990s is because of its
1. nuclear weapons development programs
2. commitment to increasing political freedoms
3. development of a strong and expanding economy
4. efforts to revive communism in Eastern Europe

Explanation: North Korea has been developing nuclear weapons.
This is of worldwide concern due to the instability of relations
between the western world and North Korea.

The major goal of many minority groups, such as the Kurds, Tamils,
and Sikhs, is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
obtain self-rule and economic control of a homeland

establish a multicultural state
install Christianity as the state religion
acquire economic aid from the World Bank

Explanation: All three are minority groups within larger countries.
They all wish to have a homeland for themselves and self rule.

Under the leadership of Fidel Castro, Cuba has become an example
of
1. the success of democracy in improving conditions in a
developing nation
2. a nation in which the efforts of the United Nations has
improved human rights
3. a communist government struggling to maintain power
despite economic problems
4. the successful reform of agriculture from single-crop to
multicrop production
Explanation: Cuba has faced sever economic problems which have
tested the leadership of Fidel Castro and his communist government.

Since the end of the Cold War, Cuba has experienced
1.
2.
3.
4.
the loss of a major source of its foreign financial support

increased economic growth from expanded trade
expanded political influence in Latin American affairs
greater independence from Communist China

Explanation: Since the end of the Cold War, the support of the
Soviet Union to such countries as Cuba has ended. This has caused
economic problems in these places.
Global Interdependence: Question 1 of 16

In France, a person drinks coffee imported from Brazil, works at a
computer made in Japan, and uses gasoline from Saudi Arabia in a
German automobile. This situation illustrates the concept of
1.
2.
3.
4.
empathy
scarcity
interdependence
world citizenship

Explanation: Interdependence refers to the idea that nations of the
world are mutually dependent on each other for the goods that they
produce. A nations goods are exported all over the world, and
different items are imported from other nations.

Japan sells cars to the United States, the United States exports high
technology to Saudi Arabia, and Saudi Arabia exports oil to Japan.
Which is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from this statement?
1. Saudi Arabia controls most of the world's natural resources
2. The United States is the world's leading exporter
3. most nations of the world specialize in one export

4. the nations of the world are economically interdependent
world are mutually dependent on each other for the goods that they
produce. A nations goods are exported all over the world, and
different items are imported from other nations.

Global problems of uneven economic development, environmental
pollution, and hunger reflect the need for
1.
2.
3.
4.
a return to policies of economic nationalism

increased military spending by all nations
a reduction in foreign aid provided by industrialized nations
increased international cooperation

world are mutually dependent on each other for economic
development, and are mutually responsible for the problems of
environmental pollution and world hunger. The nations of the world
must work cooperatively to solve these problems.

The Middle East is a global importance today because it
1. has become a model of economic and political equality
2. allows major European powers to retain their spheres of
influence
3. provides much of the petroleum used by industrial nations
4. remains a primary source of uranium
Explanation: Much of the industrialized world is dependent on the
oil producing nations in the Middle East. This fact makes the
political stability of this region of worldwide importance.

A major purpose of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the
Organization of American States (OAS), and the European Union
(EU) is to
1. encourage political and economic cooperation between
member nations
2. end colonialism in member nations
3. control overpopulation in member nations
4. provide military assistance to member nations
Explanation: The OAU, OAS, and EU were set up to encourage
political and economic cooperation between member states.

In the past decade, Japanese automobile manufacturers have sought
to improve Japanese-American trade relations by
1. drastically lowering the price of Japanese automobiles for
American consumers
2. allowing an unlimited number of American automobiles to
be sold in Japan
3. importing most spare parts from Mexico
4. building an increasing number of Japanese automobiles in
the United States
Explanation: The United States has a trade deficit with Japan. To
offset this imbalance, Japan has agreed to create American jobs by
manufacturing some of their automobiles in the United States.

In recent years, a major success of the European Union (EU) has
been the
1. creation of a single military force
2. rejection of national sovereignty

3. adoption of a single language
4. elimination of trade barriers
Explanation: The European Union has recently eliminated tariffs
between al member nations. This stimulates trade in a free market
environment.

The major reason the Mexican Government strongly supported the
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was that this
agreement would
1.
2.
3.
4.
raise tariffs on United States products entering Mexico

reduce Mexicos economic dependence on Europe
promote investment and economic growth in Mexico
stimulate trade between Asia and Latin America

Explanation: NAFTA eliminated tariffs between the United States,
Mexico, and Canada. This has led to increased interest in investing
in Mexican business and industry.

Within the past decade, the decision of the United States
Government to grant China most favored nation status was
important to China because this decision
1. allowed China to join the Southeast Treaty Organization
(SEATO)
2. increased Chinas ability to trade with the United States
3. helped protect China from a possible Japanese invasion
4. eliminated Russian influence in East Asia
Explanation: Most Favored Nation status would allow China more
access to markets in the United States. The intended results would
be a strengthening of China's economy.

Modern Japan must trade to maintain its industry and living
standard because Japan has
1.
2.
3.
4.
a limited amount of investment capital

little access to the sea
a lack of communication systems
few mineral resources

Explanation: Japan lacks many natural resources needed to
maintain its industry and living standard. Therefore, they must
develop extensive trade with other nations to offset this deficiency.

Peacekeeping missions are operating in more than a dozen of the
worlds many trouble spots. The authority to intervene and use
force, if necessary, is found in several articles in the Charter. Which
organization is referred to in these statements?
1.
2.
3.
4.
United Nations
Organization of American States (OAS)
European Union (European Community)
World Court

Explanation: One of the many roles of the United Nations is
peacekeeping around the world.

Since the creation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC), member nations have joined together to
1. determine the supply of oil on the world market
2. establish a policy of independence in trade
3. maintain a low price of oil per barrel

4. isolate themselves from the rest of the world
Explanation: Together, the nations of OPEC control a vast amount
of the worlds oil supply. Because of this, OPEC is able to set
market price for oil around the world.

A main goal of the European Union (European Economic
Community) in the 1990s has been to strengthen European
1.
2.
3.
4.
isolationism
socialism
interdependence
colonization

Explanation: The European Union has sought to bring its member
nations closer together economically by issuing a standard currency
and eliminating trade barriers.

In recent years, companies from industrialized nations have been
building production facilities in Latin American nations. This
economic change is mostly due to the regions
1.
2.
3.
4.
favorable climate
supply of inexpensive labor
capital resources
communist governments

Explanation: High population and low industrial development has
given Latin America an abundant supply of cheap labor. This
attracts companies from the industrialized world that wish to cut
cost in manufacturing.

Since the end of World War II, the nations of Western Europe have
improved their economic position by
1.
2.
3.
4.
increasing communication and cooperation in the region

colonizing African and Asian nations
isolating themselves from the rest of the world
rejecting membership in the United Nations

Explanation: The nations of Western Europe have increased their
communication and cooperation through the creation of a series of
economic communities. The current community is called the
European Union, which also includes nations from Eastern Europe
since the collapse of communism.

The principal aim of the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) and the European Union is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
keep communism out of the Western Hemisphere

reduce environmental pollution
increase economic cooperation between the member nations
eliminate global terrorism

Explanation: NAFTA and the European Union were set up to
encourage economic cooperation between member states through
free trade.
Modern Issues: Economic Trends: Question 1 of 7

The main idea of this cartoon is that Japan
1.
2.
3.
4.
practices free trade

restricts foreign imports
has a policy of balanced trade
imports most of its ships

Explanation: Japan maintains a favorable balance of trade by
restricting the amount of products imported into the country.

Which action will help slow the trend indicated by the graph?
1.
2.
3.
4.
expanding Green Revolution technology

increasing industrialization in developing nations
using alternative energy sources
lowering worldwide oil prices

Explanation: The use of alternative energy sources is becoming of
worldwide concern as oil resources become more scarce.

Which conclusion can be drawn from the information in the chart?
1. Developing countries are instituting programs to limit the

growth of their populations.
2. Infant mortality is a greater problem in Africa than in Asia.

3. The nations with relatively low birthrates have relatively
high per capita incomes.
4. The national birthrate is determined by many different
factors.
Explanation: The Iron Law of Wages states that income will
decrease as population increases. This is due to an abundance of
inexpensive labor.

In many Latin American nations, reliance on the production of a
single cash crop has led to
1.
2.
3.
4.
economic dependence on other nations

rapid repayment of foreign loans
a high per capita Gross National Product
development of a strong industrial economy

Explanation: The production of a single crop does not allow for the
diversity that Latin American nations need in order to be
economically dependent of other nations, particularly when there
are poor harvests or widespread crop failures.

Which fact about China has been the cause of the other three?
1. the economy of China has trouble providing for all the needs
of the people
2. the Chinese government has set limits on the number of
children families may have
3. Chinese cities have a severe shortage of housing
4. Chinas population exceeds one billion
Explanation: Chinas large population has caused problems in their
economy, created a shortage in housing, and forced the government

to institute laws limiting the number of children families may have.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, Russia
has attempted to build an economic system based on
1.
2.
3.
4.
a return to feudalism
the ideas of Marx and Lenin
the writings of Mao Zedong
free-market a system

Explanation: Russia has switched from a communist, or command
economy, to a capitalist, or free market economy. This was a result
of the dismal failures produced by the former communist system.

Which conclusion is valid concerning the food shortages some
nations of Africa and Asia during the 1970s and 1980s?
1. misuse of the land has destroyed many rich food-producing
regions
2. too few people in Africa and Asia are involved in food
production
3. acid rain has been the major cause of crop failures
4. European nations stopped shipping food to these regions
Explanation: African agriculture is mainly devoted to cash crops
for trade and commerce. This has led to vast food shortages and
famine in some African nations.
Modern Issues: Urbanization: Question 1 of 1

Which statement is best supported by the data in the graph?
1. The urban areas of Honduras and Panama require the largest supply of water
in Central America.
2. Belize and Costa Rica are meeting the water needs of their urban population.
3. Urban water supplies are declining in many Central American countries.
4. Most Central American countries experienced a decrease in urban population
between 1980 and 1988.
Explanation: Some countries in Latin America have experienced water shortages in
their cities as the urban population continues to rise.
Modern Issues: Science & Technology: Question 1 of 4

In Mexico and India, the Green Revolution has been successful
because it has
1.
2.
3.
4.
promoted democratic reform

increased agricultural productivity
introduced western culture and values
established economic equality among the people

Explanation: The Green Revolution applies modern technology to
solve the problem of food production. Some of the methods are

modern irrigation systems, the use of heavy machinery, and more
potent fertilizers and pesticides. The Green Revolution has been
more successful in areas with larger farms, that can afford these
innovations.
Modern Issues: Science & Technology: Question 2 of

4
The major goal of the Green Revolution has been to
1.
2.
3.
4.
decrease the use of modern farm machinery

decrease population growth
increase agricultural output
increase the number of traditional farms

innovations.

4
The term ?Green Revolution? is used to describe the
1. tensions between developing and developed nations
2. heavy reliance on manual labor in agriculture
3. protests against environmental destruction caused by
industry
4. development of new types of grains and new methods of
growing them
innovations.

4
The main goal of the Green Revolution was to
1. prevent further destruction of the world?s rain forests
2. solve chronic food shortages through the use of technology
3. expand the economies of developing nations with foreign
investment
4. insure that foreign aid was received by people with the
greatest need
innovations.
Modern Issues: The Environment: Question 1 of 8

A study of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the
Soviet Union and of severe air pollution in Mexico would lead to
the conclusion that
1. technology can cause problems throughout the world
2. international trade is more profitable than domestic
commerce
3. modern science cannot solve most political problems
4. agricultural nations have caused major world environmental
problems
Explanation: Modern technology can be very damaging to the
environment. Many nations are working together to stop the
destruction of the environment by such industry.

A major environmental problem affecting Latin America, SubSaharan Africa, and Southeast Asia has been
1.
2.
3.
4.
air pollution
Deforestation
disposal of nuclear waste
acid rain

Explanation: Deforestation is the widespread destruction of forests,
primarily the tropical rain forests of Latin America, Southeast Asia,
and Africa. This is of worldwide concern because of its potential
effects on the environment, such as global warming due to an
increase in carbon dioxide.

Many scientist believe that the ?greenhouse effect? is the result of
1. overgrazing on land in developing nations
2. using large amounts of gasoline, oil, and coal in developed
nations
3. testing nuclear weapons in violation of the Nuclear Test Ban
Treaty
4. using natural fertilizers to increase crop production
Explanation: The use of these products releases carbon dioxide,
which is believed to destroy the ozone layer, which protects the
earth from harmful solar radiation.

A major factor contributing to the destruction of the Amazon rain
forests is the
1. movement of people from rural to urban areas
2. attempt of native peoples to end illegal drug traffic
3. need for more farmland
4. spread of Christianity
Explanation: Deforestation is used to clear land for farming or
habitation. This is done in response to growing populations in such
regions as Latin America and Africa.

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased in
recent years. Environmentalists suggest this change is a direct result
of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
improper storage of solid and nuclear waste

overcutting of forests and the increased use of fossil fuels
dumping of inorganic material into lakes and rivers
use of herbicides and toxic substances such as asbestos and
DDT

Explanation: Deforestation and the use of fossil fuels are both
suspected of increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere. This is of worldwide concern because of its potential
weakening of the ozone layer which protects the earth from harmful
solar radiation.

In developing countries, the use of wood, charcoal, and dung as
major sources of energy has created an increase in
1.
2.
3.
4.
economic dependence on industrialized nations

sales an profits for international oil corporations
deforestation and other environmental problems
nuclear waste products

Explanation: Deforestation and the use of fossil fuels are both
suspected of increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere. This is of worldwide concern because of its potential

weakening of the ozone layer which protects the earth from harmful
solar radiation.

A negative impact of the use of modern technology is that
1.
2.
3.
4.
levels of air and water pollution often increase

economic opportunities are frequently limited
contacts with other cultures decrease
international trade is limited

Explanation: Modern technology can be very damaging to the
environment. Many nations are working together to stop the
destruction of the environment by such industry.

In Latin America, the deforestation of the Amazon rain forest has
led to
1.
2.
3.
4.
the maintenance of a traditional way of life

the discovery of new medicines
overpopulation in rural regions
environmental dangers

Explanation: Deforestation is the widespread destruction of forests,
primarily the tropical rain forests of Latin America, Southeast Asia,
and Africa. This is of worldwide concern because of its potential
increase in carbon dioxide.
Modern Issues: Population: Question 1 of 1

In the 1980?s, the governments of both Brazil and Malaysia
supported the cutting of timber in their rain forests as a means of
1.
2.
3.
4.
achieving economic prosperity

increasing the national debt
controlling rebellions of indigenous peoples
preventing exploitation by imperialist nations

Explanation: Deforestation is used to clear land for farming or
habitation. This is done in response to growing populations in such
areas as Brazil and Malaysia.
Modern Issues: Human & Women's Rights: Question 1

of 7
?What harms the victim most is not the cruelty of the oppressor, but
the silence of the bystander.?
-Elie Wiesel
In this quotation, the author is suggesting that
1. totalitarian governments generally support civil liberties
2. nations of the world must always condemn human rights
violations whenever they occur
3. ethnic cleansing is not an issue to be addressed by the United
Nations
4. demonstrations against human rights violations are of
limited value
Explanation: The author believes that the nations should work
together to end human rights violations, wherever they may occur.

of 7
?United States Adopts Economic Sanctions Against South Africa?
?Chinese Dissidents Imprisoned After Student Protest?
?Kurds Forced To Flee Northern Iraq?
These headlines are similar in that each refers to the issue of
1.
2.
3.
4.
imperialist expansion
peasant revolts
human rights violation
isolationist policies

Explanation: Human rights violations occur in many nations
around the world today. The United Nations and others are working
to end such abuses in nations such as China and Iraq.

of 7
The Tiananmen Square massacre in China was a reaction to
1. Deng Xiaoping?s plan to revive the Cultural Revolution
2. student demands for greater individual rights and freedom of
expression
3. China?s decision to seek Western investors
4. Great Britain?s decision to return Hong Kong to China
Explanation: China?s government has consistently shown little
regard for the human rights of its citizens. The Tiananmen Square
massacre is prime example of the lengths the Chinese government
will go to remain in power.

of 7
Which statement best describes a result of the student
demonstrations in Beijing?s Tiananmen Square in 1989?
1. prodemocracy protestors were successful in achieving their
goals
2. a state-controlled education program was begun
3. the government further restricted freedom of expression in
China
4. collectivization programs were started in China

Explanation: China?s government has consistently shown little
regard for the human rights of its citizens. The Tiananmen Square
massacre is prime example of the lengths the Chinese government
will go to remain in power.

of 7
A common problem facing most Latin American and Eastern
European nations today is that these nations
1. have little arable land and few mineral resources with which
to improve their economies
2. have chosen not to belong to international organizations
3. are struggling with a transition to democracy after
experiencing years of dictatorial rule
4. are experiencing major problems with the flood of illegal
immigrants entering their nations
Explanation: Many countries in both Latin America and Eastern
Europe are struggling to form democratic governments after decades
of rule by totalitarian dictators. This has caused both economic and
social problems in these countries as they strive to achieve a stable
government.

of 7
Today, human rights violations most often occur in nations in which
1.
2.
3.
4.
freedom of the press exists

government is limited by law
leaders have absolute control
government has a multiparty system

Explanation: Governments that have little or no check on their
power often abuse the rights of their people in an effort to remain in
control. Example of these nations are China and Iraq, both of which
are noted for their dismal human rights record.

of 7
An analysis of the Chinese student demonstrations in Tiananmen
Square in 1989 would show that
1. communist governments continue to have little control over
the actions of their citizens
2. totalitarian governments frequently survive by the use of
force
3. peaceful demonstrations often succeed in achieving
democratic reforms
4. negative global reaction sometimes leads to economic
decline
Explanation: Governments that have little or no check on their
power often abuse the rights of their people in an effort to remain in
control. Example of these nations are China and Iraq, both of which
are noted for their dismal human rights record.

Global History Practice Questions

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Global History Practice Questions

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Cross Topical: Question 1 of 41

In the Ancient Kingdom of Mali and in the Roman Republic, an

Correct Answer Number: 1

Cross Topical: Question 2 of 41

Cross Topical: Question 3 of 41

placed great value on public education

Correct Answer Number: 3

Cross Topical: Question 4 of 41

Correct Answer Number: 2

Cross Topical: Question 5 of 41

Explanation: Throughout the 1700s, both Peter the Great and

Cross Topical: Question 6 of 41

were invaded by the Mongols

Correct Answer Number: 3

Cross Topical: Question 7 of 41

were forbidden by the Catholic Church for religious reasons

Correct Answer Number: 2

Cross Topical: Question 8 of 41

colonial society, and society in Imperial China were similar is that

placed great value on public education

Correct Answer Number: 3

Cross Topical: Question 9 of 41

a rigid class structure

Correct Answer Number: 1

Cross Topical: Question 10 of 41

improved economic conditions

Correct Answer Number: 3

plunged into an extended period of feudalism which lasted nearly

Cross Topical: Question 11 of 41

promoted social mobility

Correct Answer Number: 2

Cross Topical: Question 12 of 41

Cross Topical: Question 13 of 41

China before the Opium War

Correct Answer Number: 2

Cross Topical: Question 14 of 41

establish colonies in Asia

Correct Answer Number: 3

Cross Topical: Question 15 of 41

Cross Topical: Question 16 of 41

Cross Topical: Question 17 of 41

brought about few political changes

Correct Answer Number: 2

supported the revolution in hopes of gaining land for farming and

Cross Topical: Question 18 of 41

were primarily concerned with the health of their people

Correct Answer Number: 2

Cross Topical: Question 19 of 41

Correct Answer Number: 1

Cross Topical: Question 20 of 41

desire of the people to be free from foreign rule

Correct Answer Number: 3

Cross Topical: Question 21 of 41

individual rather than cooperative gain

Correct Answer Number: 3

Cross Topical: Question 22 of 41

Cross Topical: Question 23 of 41

Cross Topical: Question 24 of 41

economic crises often lead to political change

Correct Answer Number: 1

Cross Topical: Question 25 of 41

4. challenges by ethnic groups desiring independence

Cross Topical: Question 26 of 41