Schneider-HVAC and Energy Efficiency

HVAC and Energy Efficiency
Speaker : Kelvin Ong
Energy efficiency with

Power & Automation
What will I explain during this seminar?

Energy Efficiency
HVAC Equipment Overview
Our Solution
Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Schneider Electric Inspiration 2008
Lifecycle solutions for Energy Efficiency

Energy Audit
& Measure
building, industrial
process
Fix the basics

Low consumption
devices,
Insulation material
Power factor
correction
Optimize through
Automation and
regulation
Monitor,
maintain,
improve
HVAC control,
lighting control,
variable speed
drives
Meters installation
Monitoring services
EE analysis software
Passive
Energy Efficiency
Control
Improve
Active
Energy Efficiency

Control and monitoring technologies will

sustain the savings
100%
Optimized usage
via automation
Energy
Consumption
70%
Efficient devices
and installation
Up to 12% per year is lost without

regulation and control systems
Monitoring & Maintenance
Time
Overview of a building HVAC system

Water Stage Components
Chillers
Boiler
Cooling Tower
Pumps
Air Stage Components

Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Fan Coil Unit (FCU)
Heating-Ventilation-Air Conditioned System

HVAC typical equipments setup

Different cooling system

Chiller systems
Air cooled Chiller :
Condenser fan
Compressor
Chiller pump
Air handling unit
Water cooled Chiller :

Tower fan
Compressor
Chiller pump
Condenser pump
Air handling unit
Packaged systems
Rooftop units:
Condenser fan
Air handling fan
Compressor
Self-contained units :
Tower fan
Compressor
Condenser pump
Air handling fan

The Chillers
A key component of most airconditioning systems
One of the major energy consumer
Functions : generate cooling and
removing heat from a building
Air cooled
Refrigerant based chiller : the most

common type (fridge)
Centrifugal Water cooled

Refrigeration: the states of matter
Heat must be added to a substance to make

it change state :
from solid to liquid
solid
gas
and
liquid
gas
liquid

from liquid to gas
Heat must be removed from a substance to

make it change state :
from gas to liquid
solid
and
from liquid to solid
9
What is inside a chiller?

Evaporator
Heat exchanger from water to
refrigerant and collect more heat (heat
absorbed)
Compressor
Vapour compression pump, compress
the refrigerant gas (temperature rise)
Condenser
Heat exchanger remove heat from the
hot compressed gas and condense it
to liquid (heat released)
Expansion Valve
Restricts the flow, forcing the liquid to
go through a small hole which cause
a pressure drop (temperature drop)

10
Air-Cooled Chiller
Chilled Water
Loop
Compressor
13C
10C
Refrigerant
50C
Evaporator
Condenser Fan
Air
Cooling coil
6C
3C
43C
Chilled pump
Expansion device

11
Water-Cooled Chiller
Chiller
Chilled Water
Loop
13C
Heat Rejection
Loop
Compressor
10C
50C
38C
Cooling tower fan
Evaporator
Condenser
Cooling coil
Air
6C
3C
43C
29C
Condenser pump
Chilled pump
Expansion device
Refrigerant

12
Chilled Water Loop

Cooling Coil :
The cold liquid flowing through the tubes
can be water or liquid refrigerant. The heat
is exchanged from the air and transferred to
the water flowing through the coil.
Evaporator
Cooling coil
Evaporator :
It s a heat exchanger and basically cools
the warmer water from the outflow side of
the cooling coil. The heat is exchanged from
the water to the refrigerant inside the
evaporator.
Air
Control valve :
can be used to vary the quantity of water
flowing through the cooling coil.
Chilled pump
Pump :
moves water around the loop

13
Heat Rejection Loop

Condenser :
Cooling tower fan
transfers heat from the hot refrigerant

to air, water or some other fluid.
Cooling tower :
Condenser
allows heat transfer from the water to

the air.
Pump :
needed to move the water in this loop.
Condenser pump
Control valve :
can be used to vary the quantity of
water flowing to the cooling tower.

14
Cooling Tower Fan

Cooling tower is an important part of
many HVAC system
The cooling tower fan removes heat
from water
The cooling tower fan speed is
controlled to maintain the optimal
condenser water temperature
The fans are the number-one user of
power in a cooling tower, and that's the
first place to look for energy savings
There is an advantage using drives
because fan power varies as the cube of
the air rate and thermal performance
varies directly as the air rate
15
Typical Cooling Tower System
AC Line
Optional Cooling Towers
Manual
Speed
Reference
Auto
Optional
Bypass
Circuit
COOLING TOWER
COOLING TOWER
Power Control
Circuits
Pressure/
Electrical
Transducer
CONDENSER WATER RETURN
27C-29C
Electrical
Set Point
Controller
CONDENSER WATERSUPPLY
Temperature
Transmitter

16
Air Handling Unit (AHU)

The AHU is the indoor unit, which
includes a coil and an air blower
Its job is to circulate conditioned air
throughout the building
In an AHU, the fan is the largest
energy consumer

17
Constant Air Volume - CAV

RETURN AIR
Return temperature: 25C

Thermostat
Cold air temperature:

22C
OUTSIDE AIR
Set temperature: 23C
COOLING COIL
(AHU)
Room Temperature Control

Temperature is monitored at the Return Air (RA)
Chilled Water Supply (CHWS) flow through the cooling coil is regulated based on RA
temperature
The faster the flow of the CHWS, the faster the cooling rate of the blow air
18
Chain Reaction of CAV System

Return Air temperature -> Chilled Water Supply Valve
Chilled Water Supply Valve -> Chilled Water Pipe Pressure
Chilled Water Pipe Pressure -> Chilled Water Pump Speed

19
Variable Air Volume - VAV

RETURN AIR
Cold air temperature:
22C
OUTSIDE AIR
Room Temperature Control
Thermostat
Static
Pressure
COOLING COIL
(AHU)
Damper opening of each VAV box is regulated

To maintain the temperature at the set point
Pressure Control
Return temperature: 25C
Thermostat
22C
Thermostat
24C
Thermostat
23C
Set temperature: 23C
Damper opening after the AHU is regulated to maintain duct pressure
Cold Air Supply Temperature

Chilled Water Supply flow rate through the cooling coil of the AHU is regulated based
on Return Air (RA) temperature
20
Chain Reaction of VAV System

Temperature of each room -> Damper opening/closing
Damper opening/closing -> Pressure of the main duct
Pressure of the main duct -> AHU Fan Speed
Return Air temperature -> Chilled Water Supply Valve
Chilled Water Supply Valve -> Chilled Water Pipe Pressure
Chilled Water Pipe Pressure -> Chilled Water Pump Speed

21
Typical AHU Control System

Pressure Regulation of the AHU using VSD
AC Line
Manual
Speed
Reference
Auto
Optional
Bypass
Circuit
Power Control
Circuits
AC Motor
Optional
Fan
Optional
Pressure/
Electrical
Transducer
AC Motor
3 to 15 PSI
Electrical
Set Point
Controller
Fan
Pressure
Transmitter

22
Why variable torque load can saves

energy?
Torque varies as the square of
speed (centrifugal load)
T = k w
Torque
Power = Torque x Speed

Speed
Centrifugal Load:
Fan
Centrifugal Pump
Power = k W x W = k W
Hence, power varies as

the cubic of speed!

23
Fan Flow Rate Control Using Damper

Placing damper at the
DOWNSTREAM to control the flow
rate by changing circuits
characteristic
LESS efficient
Placing damper at the UPSTREAM to

control the flow rate by changing the
fans characteristic
MORE efficient

24
Fan Flow Rate Control Using VSD

Fans characteristic at two
DIFFERENT SPEEDs
Shifting of fan curve downwards
Shifting of the fans characteristic at

different operating speeds and the
resulting flow rate
Energy consumption reduced!

Please visit our booth

for LIVE
demonstration!
25
Where can energy optimisation can be

implemented?
Cooling Tower
Control cooling tower fan speed by monitoring the returned condenser water
temperature
AHU
Control fan speed to maintain pressure of the main duct while the load
changes
Chilled Water Pump

Control pump speed to maintain pressure of the piping while the load
changes

26
Supply air Fan
Supply air Fan
Where are the drives potentially can be

installed?
Fan
Cooling tower
Pump
Pump
Condenser Pump
Chiller
Chilled Water Pump

27
Our solution to HVAC

Lifecycle approach EE Solution
S54 IP54 Enclosed Drive with Bypass Starter
ATV21/61 HVAC Drive

28
Lifecycle solution approach

Measure = Conduct site measurement and study
Fix the Basics = Power Quality, Harmonic mitigation solution, VSD
Optimise = HVAC Control (TAC), Lighting Control (Clipsal)
Monitor and Improve = SCADA (Vijeo Citect) and BMS (TAC)
Energy Audit
& Measure
Fix the basics
Passive
Energy Efficiency
Control
Improve
Optimize through
Automation and
regulation
Monitor,
maintain,
improve
Active
Energy Efficiency

29
S-54 IP54 Enclosed Drive Offer

Range:
0.75kW to 75kW
IP-54 rated enclosure
Thermal studies conducted
By-pass starter built-in
Local standard adaptation
Please visit our booth

for this Plug n Play
Solution
Target HVAC Market:

Commercial buildings
Hotels
Government facilities
Schools and Universities

30
Design Consideration
Type 1 Coordination component selection
Circuit breaker + contactor + thermal overload
Type tested components to ensure maximum safety to personnel
IP54 rating and thermal study of the panel

PSB tested
Bypass Starter for Emergency Use

< 15kW: DOL Bypass
>= 15kW: Soft-starter bypass
VSD with C-Less Technology

Current Harmonic Level, THDi < 35%
31
Variable speed drives
Variable speed drives
Altivar 21
Altivar 61
A breath of fresh air for

your
HVAC applications!
At the heart of your

HVAC applications!
Variable torque offer for 3-phase asynchronous motors:

From 0,75 to 30 kW
3-phase 200/240 V and 3-phase 380/480 V
UL Type 1 / IP20 and IP54
Integrated EMC class A or B filters
Variable torque offer for 3-phase asynchronous motors:

From 37 to 220 kW
3-phase 200/240 V 380/480 V
UL Type 1 / IP20 and UL Type 12 / IP54
Integrated EMC class A or B filters

32
Some example on energy savings...

Energy Saving Calculation Tools
Used in Fan & Pump application

33
In summary...
EE is not short term effort, but a long term effort.
Active Energy Efficiency - Continuous control and monitoring program
shall be in placed in order to sustain the savings
Potential of 30% reduction in energy consumption in existing building,
through today technologies, control and automation
Schneider is able to provide comprehensive EE solution to our
customer life cycle EE solution approach!

34
Questions ?

35
Helping you make the most

of your energy!
Speaker : Kelvin Ong

Email : kelvin.ong@sg.schneider-electric.com
Contact number : 64855197


Schneider-HVAC and Energy Efficiency

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Schneider-HVAC and Energy Efficiency

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Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

HVAC and Energy Efficiency

Speaker : Kelvin Ong

Energy efficiency with

What will I explain during this seminar?

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Lifecycle solutions for Energy Efficiency

Fix the basics

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Control and monitoring technologies will

Up to 12% per year is lost without

Monitoring & Maintenance

Overview of a building HVAC system

Air Stage Components

Heating-Ventilation-Air Conditioned System

HVAC typical equipments setup

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Different cooling system

Water cooled Chiller :

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Refrigerant based chiller : the most

Centrifugal Water cooled

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Refrigeration: the states of matter

Heat must be added to a substance to make

from solid to liquid

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

from liquid to gas

Heat must be removed from a substance to

What is inside a chiller?

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Chilled Water Loop

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Heat Rejection Loop

transfers heat from the hot refrigerant

allows heat transfer from the water to

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Cooling Tower Fan

Typical Cooling Tower System

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Air Handling Unit (AHU)

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Constant Air Volume - CAV

Return temperature: 25C

Cold air temperature:

Set temperature: 23C

Room Temperature Control

Chain Reaction of CAV System

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Variable Air Volume - VAV

Room Temperature Control

Damper opening of each VAV box is regulated

Return temperature: 25C

Set temperature: 23C

Damper opening after the AHU is regulated to maintain duct pressure

Cold Air Supply Temperature

Chain Reaction of VAV System

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Typical AHU Control System

Energy Efficiency with Power and Automation

Why variable torque load can saves

Power = Torque x Speed