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RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
by
LAELA ROFIANA
A. 320 010 132
SUMMARY
LAELA ROFIANA, A 320 010 132, A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON
TEACHING
SPEAKING
BASED
ON
COMPETENCY-BASED
CURRICULUM TO THE SECOND YEAR STUDENT OF LANGUAGE
PROGRAM OF SMAN 1 KAJEN PEKALONGAN, RESEARCH PAPER,
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION, MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA, 2006.
This research aims at describing the teaching speaking to the second year
student of language program of SMAN 1 Kajen Pekalongan. The research was
conducted in May 2006. The objectives of this research are to know the objectives of
teaching speaking, the method used in teaching English speaking, the problems
faced by the teacher and the students.
The writer gets the data of this research from events, informant and
documents. The techniques of collecting data are observation, interview, and
document analysis. The data in the research are the information dealing with the
objectives of the teaching english especially in speaking skills, the method used and
the problems faced by the teacher and the students at second year students of
language programs of SMAN 1 Kajen Pekalongan.
The result of the analysis shows that the objectives of teaching English
speaking to the second year student of language program of SMAN 1 Kajen
Pekalongan is to develop the communicative skill for preparing them to face the
changing of global era. The methods used by the teacher are natural approach, direct
method, audiolingual method and discussion. The teacher has the problem to make
the students speak in front of the class, while the students problems are nervous
feeling and anxiety and the teacher less creative.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dean
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APPROVAL
by
LAELA ROFIANA
A. 320 010 132
Approved by Consultant
Consultant II
Consultant I
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ii
ACCEPTANCE
August, 2006
Team of Examiners:
1. Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum.
Chair Person
2. Aryati Prasetyarini, S.Pd.
Member I
3. Drs. Maryadi, M.A.
Member II
Dean,
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STATEMENT
On this occasion, I state that there is no proposed work before in this research
to get bachelor degree in a certain university and as long as I know, there is also no
work idea that have ever been written or published by other people, except referred
written in this research paper and mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved there will be something wrong in my statement above later in
the future, so I will wholly be responsible.
Surakarta,
Agustus 2006
Laela Rofiana
A. 320 010 132
viv
MOTTO
Read ! In the name of your Lord, who has created (all that exist)
(Q.S. Al-Alaq: 1)
Language is the most powerful instrument of human progress.
(Maria Montessori)
viv
DEDICATION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer thanks to Allah, the Beneficent, the Almighty, whose
blessing has made all possible for the writer to finish the research paper. In finishing
this research paper entitled A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON TEACHING ENGLISH
SPEAKING BASED ON COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM TO THE
SECOND YEAR STUDENT OF LANGUAGE PROGRAM IN SMA N 1 KAJEN
PEKALONGAN, the writer realizes that without the helps of other people, it is
impossible for her to finish her work. On this good opportunity, the writer whishes to
reveal her special gratitude to :
1. Drs. Sofyan
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9. Drs. Sumadi, M.Pd. as the headmaster of SMAN 1 Kajen, and the teacher Mr.
Eko Susanto, S.Pd. , thanks a lot for the permission and deep help to encourage
to the writer in conducting this research paper,
10. Her dearest friends: Arif, Erlina, Indah, Tatics, Etik, Fenny, Dwi,
11. Her trully and crazy friend :
guidance, and remember that you always have a shoulder to the writer to cry, and
have a brilliant idea to create the writers smile,
12. Her dearest friends in Pekalongan : Ragil, Afi, Erma, thanks for our friendship,
hopefully, it will be forever,
13. The college library, thanks for the books. I get more from you
14. All friends in C class, thanks for the attention and a beautiful friendship,
15. Friends of Az-Zahra: Reni, Dian Ponco, De Dwi ,Titik, Sulis ,Ririn, De Nurul,
etc. thanks for the kindness and togetherness,
16. The community of Kirana boarding house; Tristia bintari, Indah IMM, En-tse
17. Her sisters of ex-zahra : mba Endah, mba Nia, mba Via rosoneri, teh
Wida. Thanks for the kindness,
18. Her best friends: Aminah, mba Isna, Rahma, Rika, Linda thanks for the support
and courage to the writer,
19. Her sweetest friends : Ike yo, Ibune farel ( Ita ), Iis keren thanks for the nice
moment you made,
20. Her friends of ex-cocak rowo boarding house: Sister Eni, Yunita, ike. Thanks
for the wonderful time.
Surakarta,
Writer
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August 2006
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
TITLE ..............................................................................................................
SUMMARY .....................................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANT...................................................................
iii
ACCEPTANCE ...............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ...........................................................................................................
DEDICATION .................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................
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ix
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION....................................................................
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ix
D. Curricullum ........................................................................
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E. Competency-Based Curricullum........................................
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1. Goal of Teaching..........................................................
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B. Suggestion ..........................................................................
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
curriculum of language programs at SMA Negeri 1 Kajen. The reason why the
writer chooses this school are the first, since they have special competences
which work on linguistic field, second, SMU Negeri I Kajen is the best school
in Pekalongan although it is located in a small town, but it employees national
standardization curriculum, and third, the school has good achievements of
their graduations.
B. Previous Study
To prove the originality of this study, the writer wants to present the
previous researches that deal especially with the speaking skill in general.
They are Anik Munjayanah (UMS, 2000) and Dain Nurfika (UMS, 2002).
Anik Munjayanah (UMS, 2000) conducted a research entitled The
Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching in Teaching Speaking
at LIA Surakarta: An Ethnography. She aims at observing the
implementation of communicative language teaching in teaching speaking at
LIA Surakarta and how the strength and weakness of teaching speaking using
CLT. The conclusion of her research is that the objective of teaching in
conversation class at LIA Surakarta is to achieve communicative purpose. It
enables the students to speak English in real communication.
The next research was conducted by Dain Nurfika (UMS, 2002). He
wrote Teaching Speaking Using Games and Role Play to the Students of
Conversation Class at SMU Al-Islam 3 Surakarta. According to him, games
and role-play were effective to teach conversation class at SMU Al-Islam 3
based on
Competency-based Curriculum?
1. Practically, the result of this research will be useful to the further research
and also to readers who are interested in analyzing teaching English
speaking in Senior High School.
2. Theoretically, the finding of this research will enrich the theory of
teaching English speaking to Senior High School.
CHAPTER II
UNDERLYING THEORY
This chapter discusses the notion of speaking skill, the method of teaching
speaking,
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3. Vocabulary
Vocabulary means the appropriate diction which is used in
conversation. Without having a sufficient vocabulary, one cant
communicate effectively or express ideas in both oral and written form.
Having a limited vocabulary is also a barrier that precludes learners from
learning a language. When they do not know how to enrich their
vocabulary, for example, they often gradually lost interest in learning.
Thus, they should have good ideas how to expand their vocabulary so that
they can improve their interest in learning the language. Language
teachers, therefore, should possess considerable knowledge on how to
manage an interesting classroom so that the learners can gain a great
success in their vocabulary learning.
4. Fluency
It can be defined as the ability to speak fluently and accurately
suited with professional necessity. Basically, being fluent means being
able to keep the language coming. There may be mistakes, fillers and
repetitions, but there are no unusually language pauses in the flow of talk.
In interactive speaking activities, the teachers are trying to get their
students to communicate their own ideas, opinion and wishes. They are
fully aware of the meaning they wish to convey, but the exact content of
their message is unpredictable, and the teacher cannot give them the exact
language they need to communicate. As a result the students will not
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always be aware in their use of the language, but this is not important, so
long as the speakers are able to be understand. This emphasis on fluency
implies two things. First, an error correction policy should reflect his
emphasis particularly in speaking, its important that the teachers should
encourage the risk takers. Second, the activities the teacher present should
reflect promote fluency. The teachers want to find ways of stimulating our
students so that they want to speak and this desire to speak to overcome
their inhibitions about expressing themselves in English (Klippel,
Frederike, 1984.www.Teachingenglish.org.uk/think/speak/ speaking.skill.
html).
D. Curriculum
Nunan (1997: 8) states that curriculum is concerned with planning,
implementation, evaluation, management, and administration of education
programs.
In general, curriculum is defined as a plan development to facilitate the
teaching learning procedure, as the direction and guidance of schools, college,
and its staff members. The curriculum includes all planning, activities, and
events, which take place in education institutions. Curriculum is the plan made
for guiding learning in schools usually represented in retrievable documents of
several levels of generality, and the implementation of these plans in the
classroom, those experiences take place in a learning environment that also
influences what is learned (Clark, 1987: 84).
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E. Competency-based Curriculum
According to Mulyasa (2002: 37), competency represents the mixture
of knowledge, skill, assessment and attitude reflecting in the habit of thinking
and acting. Competency also means as knowledge, skill and ability mastered
by people who have become the part of them. So they can conduct the
cognitive, affective, and psychomotoric behaviors as good as possible. It
indicates that competency covers the duty, skill, attitude, and appreciation,
which must be owned by learner to be able to carry out the learning tasks that
are suitable to certain job. Thus, there is a link between task studied by the
learners at school and the ability or skill needed by the work field. For the
reason, curriculum claims the good cooperation between education and the
work fields, especially to identify and to analyze the competencies to be taught
to the learners at school.
Based on the definition of competency above, the competency-based
curriculum can be interpreted as a curriculum concept emphasizing at the
development of competency to certain standard performance, so that the result
can be felt by the learner in the form of the mastering to a set of certain
competency. According to Gordon (1988: 109) in Mulyasa, (2002: 38) there
are several aspect in the concept of competence :
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devices,
personal
pronoun,
coherencies
devices,
and
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a. Cohesive devices
1) Reference (Do you know Danau Toba? Yes, it is the largest
lake in Sumatra).
2) Substitution (Do you see the motorcycles? The big one is mine;
John left the room immediately. I did the same. I did so, too).
3) Ellipsis (I have read a lot of novels, but this is the best []; we
bought some oranges, and Toni [] some apples).
4) Connector (and, that, or, because, when, .)
5) Words that be connected or repeated.
6) Same structure (she likes swimming and playing tennis)
b. Personal pronoun (my friend, we, you, him,.)
1) Spatial (here, there; this, that)
2) Temporal (now, then; after, before)
3) Textual (the following chart; the example above)
c. Coherencies devices
1) Expression and understanding the meaning and the aim of the text.
2) Placing of theme.
3) Arranging the old information and new information.
4) Using the structure of meaning
5) Continuity and change of genre
6) Narration, interview, the market serving, observation report, etc.
d. Conversation structure
1) How to open the new conversation
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Role Playing
Role-play is method to develop speaking skill which is by
creating a dramatic situation in a classroom.
Games
Games are activities that can create dynamic, innovatif classes,
and it suitable not only for children but also for adults.
Problem Solving
Offer further opportunities for students to work in, pairs or
small groups, to share information.
Discussion
Fauziati (2002: 134), states that the aim of group discussion is
one strategy to improve fluency. Next, the more advanced class,
however, can be given a factual article from a newspaper, journal, and
the sale brochure of an ear film.
Song
Using song in English foreign language classroom, especially
speaking one can be both enjoyable and educational. From a pedagogical
standpoint, songs can be incorporated into the classroom for a variety of
reasons.
Grant (1991: 35-43) state that there are three kinds of speech
work namely: (a) Drilling, drills are mechanical: the students practice
the sounds or grammar of the language without having to think much
and focus on accuracy; (b) Communication Activities, the students will
learn how to communicate by communicating by using the language.
Communication focused more on fluency than on accuracy; c natural
language Use, it is important to bring ordinary, everyday human speech
naturally and spontaneously interaction with, and between, the students
into the classroom.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research with
observational study. The product of the observation is notes or narratives of
pictures of a situation of teaching English speaking. It focuses on the methods
which is used in teaching English speaking, and problems faced by the teacher
and learners to second years students of language programs in SMA Negeri 1
Kajen.
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CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Findings
1. Goal of Teaching
From the interview and the observation in the classroom at the
second year students of language programs of SMA N 1 Kajen
Pekalongan, the goal of teaching is to develop the communicative
competence of the students in four language skills.
The teacher said that :
Tujuan
pengajaran
bahasa
Inggris
yaitu
untuk
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answer what the subject was doing in each pictures or where the
correct answer is.
For example :
The Teacher : Who has the picture of umbrella in column A
The Students : Sally (bringing an umbrella because its raining)
The Teacher : After you heard from Native Speaker. Where
Sally would go?
The Students : Go to movie
4) Using several pictures, the teacher asks students to point the picture
being described. In this case the students give some pictures and
then the teacher asked them to describe.
For example :
The Teacher : In picture no 1, where will Sally go?
The Students : Go to the movie
The Teacher : Describe the order of each column (A B C D)
The Students : Describe what they have heard from the native
speaker
b. Direct Method
The writer finds that some principles in direct method are used
in teaching English speaking process in the second years students of
language program of SMU N 1 Kajen Pekalongan, they are as follows:
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The teacher gives the pattern and gives some.it can see bellow:
a)Giving the pattern
Yes/No Auxiliary + Be + S + verb/complement.?
b)Giving some example
Example : Do you speak.?
Are you ready?
Besides the teacher also corrects the students pronounce from
the student utterances.For example is the word proud. one of the
students utter the word proud by [prod] then the teacher corrects
the word by saying [pra: d].
c. Audio-lingual Method
During observation teacher also uses laboratories to teach
speaking. The students learn the vocabularies from computer by
looking at the picture. In this case the teacher checks the pronunciation
of his students. The principle in Audio-lingual Method that used in
teaching English speaking in second year student of SMA N I Kajen
Pekalongan is that the students listen to a model dialogue. In this case
the students repeat an utterance as loud as possible after hearing from
the the cassette. They do this without looking at a printed text.
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d. Discussion
Through the observation, the writer sees the students are very
enthusiastic when the teacher teaches speaking through a discussion.
The students can expose their opinions, make them fluent in speaking
and a lot of new vocabularies are received by the students, and when
the teacher asks about their opinions, the students also have a great
attention to the teacher.
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Some of them have the great motivation while the other have not great
motivation. Besides, the lack of vocabulary makes the students be nervous
when they speak, and the students are difficult in uttering the
pronounciation.
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The teacher
2) Teacher as Facilitator
The teacher fasilities the students to learn. It makes the
students understand the lesson when teaching learning speaking
process is done. The teacher gives the material explanation briefly
then makes the students
provides some pictures so that the students will catch the material
more easily. Furthermore, he always gives a chance to the students
to ask about the material every time they are confused and then he
explains to the students.
3) Teacher as an Instructor
The students repeat what the teacher says. They repeat it
first chorally and then individually.In this case, the teacher can
correct the pronounciation of the students.
b. Direct Method
Based on the findings, the use of direct method in teaching
English speaking can help the student in increasing the vocabulary and
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the teacher asks students to repeat what they have heard from the
native speaker. The role of teacher were only as an instructor who asks
the students to repeat what they have heard. In this case, the teacher
checks the correct pronounciation of his students.
Based on the observation, the students seem bored and un
interested in following the lesson because they just repeat and imitate
the native speaker says. In this case they just imitate the native
speakers utterace.
d.Discussion
At the discussion, the students speak more fluently and more
active although material of discussion is merely from the worksheet or
the teacher. They are able to express their idea and their opinion freely.
They can say everything according to their opinion without faling
anxious and nervouce.
3. The Problem Faced by the Teacher
Based on the findings, the teacher has some problems. Some of
them are that the students are difficult in practicing the conversation of
their speech in front of the class and sometimes difficult in managing the
class if the material is limited. Besides, when the time is still available it
makes the students noisy and the students become less motivated when
they get bored.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
In this chapter, the writer draws the conclusion and proposes the
suggestion as follows :
A. Conclusion
After describing and analyzing the data, the writer draws some
conclusions based on the result of observation of English teaching speaking
process to second year students of language programs in SMA N 1 Kajen
Pekalongan as follows:
1) The objectives of teaching speaking in second year students of language
program in SMA N 1 Kajen are to make the students being active to speak
in English. Besides, the students are expected to use the English in order
to face the change of global era.
2) The method used in teaching English speaking in second year student of
language programs in SMA N 1 Kajen Pekalongan are : Natural Approach,
Direct Method, Audio-lingual Method, and using strategy of Discussion.
3) The problems faced by the teacher in teaching speaking in second year
student of language program in SMA N I Kajen Pekalongan are : the
students are difficult to speak in front of the class, and the different
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B. Suggestion
Having concluded the teaching English speaking in second year
student of language programs in SMA N 1 Kajen Pekalongan, the writer likes
to propose some suggestions as follows:
1. For the teacher. The teacher should improve the students
motivation in the classroom, because motivation is a great solution for the
students boredom. In this case, the teacher should create some interesting
classroom activities and improve them. Besides, the teacher ought to make the
students more active.
The teacher should apply another tricks to dig the students skill
especially in speaking skill and make the situation of teaching speaking as free
atmosphere in order to make student free to expose their ideas and their
knowledge.
2. For the students, they can give some helpful feedback to the teacher
or practice with their friends. For example is by giving extra attention or even
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by practicing the material much more with their friends both in the classroom
or outside of the classroom.