Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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By: Peter Wylson Marpaung
2G NETWORK TOPOLOGY
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Call Phases
Overall Call Success Rate
get
service
SDCCH
Success Rate
TCH
Blocking
(system)
and
and
SDCCH
call
Blocking
TCH Call
Blocking
get
SDCCH
establish
SDCCH
connection
get
TCH
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establish
TCH
connection
call
phase
release
phase
BTS
BSC
MSC
VLR
Check
Restrict.
SETUP (SDCCH)
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BTS
BSC
MSC
VLR
SETUP (SDCCH)
CALL PROCEEDING (SDCCH)
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
PHYS. CONTEXT REQUEST
PHYS. CONTEXT CONFIRM
CH.ACTIVATION
ACK.
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (SDCCH)
SERVICE REQUEST (FACCH)
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE (FACCH)
CH.RELEASE
ACK.
ALERTING (FACCH)
CONNECT (FACCH)
CONNECT ACK. (FACCH)
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BTS
BSC
MSC
VLR
Dropped Calls
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Dropped Calls
Dropped calls show the number of abnormal disconnections during call setup or during
conversation.
1. Radio Link Failure
Every time a SACCH message can not be decoded the radio link time-out counter is decreased by
1. If the message can be decoded the counter is incremented by 2. However, the value can not
exceed the initial value.
The initial value is set by the parameter RLT for radio link time-out in the mobile station and by
SACCH Multi Frame for time-out in the BSS.
If the mobile moves out of coverage and no measurement reports are received in the BSS, there
will be a radio link time-out and the message Channel Release (cause: abnormal release) sent to
the mobile station and the SACCH is deactivated in the BTS. A Clear Request message is sent to the
MSC.
To be sure that the mobile has stopped transmitting, the BSS now waits RLT SACCH periods before
the timeslot is released and a new call can be established on the channel.
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1.
2.
3.
Radio Link Timeout BSS Radio Link Timeout MS - - - because MS Should release radio channel first
Too High Radio Link Timeout BSS can cause congestion due to longer channel holding time.
Too High Radio Link Timeout MS can cause costumer complain due to connect no voice.
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11
Category
Co-channel interference
Adjacent-channel interference
Inter-modulation interference and other external interference
C/I :
GSM Recommendation >9 dB
Planning Criteria >12 dB (Non Hopping)
Planning Criteria >9 dB (Hopping)
C/I is to measure Co channel Interference tolerance.
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C/A :
GSM Recommendation >-9 dB
Planning Criteria >3 dB
C/A is to measure Adjacent channel Interference
tolerance.
12
C/I :
GSM Recommendation >9 dB
Planning Criteria >12 dB (Non Hopping)
Planning Criteria >9 dB (Hopping)
C/I is to measure Co channel Interference tolerance.
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C/A :
GSM Recommendation >-9 dB
Planning Criteria >3 dB
C/A is to measure Adjacent channel Interference
tolerance.
13
If Scan-TRX of cell results in the interference band 3, 4, and 5, usually the interference problem
should be taken into consideration.
If there are too many times of good Rx-Level but low Rx-Quality, it means: co-frequency or adjacent
frequency interference or external interference.
Handover measurement function from outgoing handover attempts distribution. If there are too
many times of handover caused by UL/DL Quality, it indicates possibly there is interference.
See from Scan TRX for Rx-Quality level of TRX for reference.
See from Scan TRX for Rx-Level and Rx-Quality upon call drop for reference.
Action:
First check equipment problems for inter-modulation interference. Mostly is bad feeder
installation or bad hardware output signal.
Perform drive test to check interference area and distribution of Rx-Quality to find the
interferer frequency for internal interference. Then do Cell/Cluster MAL/MAIO/HSN
retune.
Further search for the interference source with the spectrum analyzer to search external
interferer then escalate to proper part. Mostly repeater or illegal transmitter, then
escalate to proper part.
Activate Frequency hopping, DTX (Discontinuous Transmit) and power control functions
to reduce internal interference of the system. This is parameter setting.
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14
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15
DL CDMA Band suspected has too high power that disturb TSEL UL GSM Band (900.2Mhz).
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16
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Consider as BCCH Collision
interference issue.
17
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18
System Balance
19
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20
21
2. Layer 2 Time-Out
T200 is a timer of acknowledgement transmission from BTS to MS through LAPD. When BTS transmits a
acknowledgement message to MS, T200 times is started in LAPD. If this acknowledgement message is not
received by MS until T200 timer is expired then the transmission will be repeated (retransmission).The maximum
retransmission is N200+1 times. T200 will be restarted in each retransmission. So, N200 is the maximum number
of retransmission of LAPD (Layer-2). If until N200+1 times of retransmission the acknowledgement message, MS
still doesnt receive this message, then the connection will be dropped.
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23
Parameter
type
Before
After
16
14
7th Nov.
16
14
18
16
18
16
8
4
16
14
16
14
18
16
18
16
DLRXLEVP DLRXQUAL
ROTECTFA PROTECTFA
CTOR
CTOR
8
4
10
10
60
65
On
the power control optimization, improved DL/UL quality to reduce drop
calls due to handover.
Parameter
type
DLFSREXQU DLFSREXQU DLHSREXQU DLHSREXQU ULFSREXQU ULFSREXQU ULHSREXQU ULHSREXQU ULRXQUALP DLRXLEVPR DLRXQUALP
ALHIGHTHR ALLOWTHRE ALHIGHTHR ALLOWTHRE ALHIGHTHR ALLOWTHRE ALHIGHTHR ALLOWTHRE ROTECTFAC OTECTFACT ROTECTFAC
ED
D
ED
D
ED
D
ED
D
TOR
OR
TOR
Before
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
65
10
65
After
14
14
15
15
14
14
15
15
75
15
75
On 16th Nov. the power control optimization, improved DL/UL quality to reduce drop
calls due to handover.
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25
Adjusted 119 cells INTRACELLHOEN YES->NO at 16 Nov, Observe the performance of the adjusted,
Call Drops on Radio Interface in Handover State decreased, Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable
State did not significantly improve. Significantly improved the overall call drop number.
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Parameter type
T3103A
T3103C
T7
T8
T3109
T3105
MAXRESEND
Before
15000
15000
10000
16000
27000
30
After
20000
20000
22000
22000
30000
15
60
performance
27
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30
Handover Performance
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Handover Performance
Handover is a key function in a GSM network and a key technology of mobile communication
system which make continued co nversation become possible. If the handover performance is poor
the subscriber will perceive the quality of the network as bad.
MSC 2
BSC 1
intra
cell
MSC 1
target
inter
BSC
source
MSC controlled
outgoing
inMSC controlled coming
inter
cell
BSC 2
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33
35
TRX346 & 223 Hardware problem of site 2131103_AntsnKecilTimur. After solved the
problem, the incoming handover success number became normal.
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SDCCH Congestion
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37
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The default value for this parameter is 4. If a high number of Location Updating occurs in a Location Area border
cell, a higher CRH can be set in order to reduce the number of LUs.
Extensive SMS Usage
Extensive SMS usage increases the SDCCH traffic and could cause congestion if badly dimensioned SDCCH
channels.
Action: Check SMS activity.
Solution: Re-dimension the SDCCH channels with consideration taken to SMS usage.
Cell Broadcast Used
Action: Check if Cell Broadcast is active. .If active, check if it is used by the operator.
Solution: Remove Cell Broadcast if not used (SDCCH_CBCH).
IMSI Attach/Detach in Use.
An introduction of IMSI attach/detach will increase the traffic on SDCCH. However, the benefits are that the
paging success rate will increase. The recommendation is to use Attach/Detach.
BTS /Cell Software Hang
Action: Reset BTS . It will restart all hardware onsite.
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TCH Congestion
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E1 Description
1 E1 contain 32 timeslot (0-31)
1 Timeslot in E1 contain 4 Sub slot.
1 E1 =2.048 Mbps
1 Timeslot in E1 = 2.048 Mbps/32 = 64 Kbps
1 E1 Sub slot in E1 = 64 Kbps/4 = 16 Kbps
If user get 1 E1 sub slot and single/alone TBF in 1 PDTCH, then he has
16 Kbps throughput at maximum (Theoretical). Then we have coding
scheme to compress the data become smaller. GPRS has CS1CS4/EDGE has MCS1-9.
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Parameter
LQCMODE
T3168
UPDYNCHNTRANLEV
DWNDYNCHNTRANLEV
PDCHUPLEV
PDCHDWNLEV
Before
LA
500ms
40
40
70
80
After
IR
1000ms
20
20
70
160
LQCMODE: Use IR can to obtain better effect when the UM transmission quality is poor.
T3168:Decrease the number of times of MS no response .
UPDYNCHNTRANLEV: Faster uplink switch PDCH request.
DWDYNCHNTRANLEV: Faster downlink switch PDCH request.
PDCHDWNLEV:TBF to increase the number of carrying PDCH.
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Although GPRS and EDGE share the same symbol rate, the modulation bit rate differs.
EDGE can transmit three times as many bits as GPRS during the same period of time. This is the main reason
for the higher EDGE bit rates.
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Frequency Hopping
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SFH 1*3
SFH 1*1
SFH Concept offer more TRX capacity with efficient frequency management. Result are:
3. Enhanced SFH
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51
HSN=0cycle hopping.
HSN0random hopping. Every sequence number corresponds a pseudo
random sequence.
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52
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53
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54
0
F1
F1
F1
1
F2
F2
F2
2
F3
F3
F3
3
F4
F4
F4
4
F5
F5
F5
5
F6
F6
F6
6
F7
F7
F7
7
F8
F8
F8
8
9 10 11 12 13 14
F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
15
F16
F16
F16
16
F17
F17
F17
17
F18
F18
F18
18
F19
F19
F19
19
F20
F20
F20
20
F21
F21
F21
21
F22
F22
F22
22
F23
F23
F23
23
F24
F24
F24
24
F25
F25
F25
25
F26
F26
F26
26
F27
F27
F27
27
F28
F28
F28
28
F29
F29
F29
29
F30
F30
F30
30
F31
F31
F31
31
F32
F32
F32
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55
32
F33
F33
F33
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C1 = AV_RXLEV RX_ACCESS_MIN
For example, if the minimum allowed level to gain access to a cell is 100dBm and the received average
level at the cells BCCH frequency is -80 dBm, MS calculates C1 as +20 for that particular cell. MS camps
to the cell with the highest C1 value.
There is an exception to the standard procedure described above. When MS evaluates C1 values for cells
belonging to a different Location Area (LA), it subtracts a parameter called CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS
from the C1 value, which means that those cells are given a negative offset. The reason for this is that
changing LA requires a Location Update (LU) procedure that consumes network signaling capacity. Thus,
by assigning a negative offset to C1, unnecessary LUs caused by slow fading can be reduced. MS receives
information of the cell dependent CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS values through BCCH.
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IMPORTANT TO KNOW
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SYSTEM INFORMATION 1:
Cell Channel Description
contains all the frequencies used in this cell
RACH Control Parameter
SYSTEM INFORMATION 2:
Neighbor Cell Frequency Description
NCC permitted
RACH Control Parameter
SYSTEM INFORMATION 3:
Cell Identity
LAI( location area identity)
Control Channel Description
MS ATTACH/DEATTACH allowed Indicator ATT, BS-AG-BLKS-RES,
CCCH-CONF, BA-PA-MFRMS, and T3212.
Cell Option (BCCH
Cell Selection Parameter
RACH Control Parameter
Rest Octets
SYSTEM INFORMATION 4:
LAI
Cell Selection Parameter
RACH Control Parameter
CBCH Channel Description
CBCH Mobile Configuration
SI4 Rest Oct. (parameters related to cell reselection)
SYSTEM INFORMATION 7 & 8 (optional)
Cell reselection parameter indicator (PI)
Cell Bar Qualify (CBQ)
Cell Bar Access (CBA)
Cell_Reselect_Offset (CRO)
Temporary Offset (TO)
Penalty Time (PT)
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System Information_1
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System Information_2_Quarter. .
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SYSTEM INFORMATION 6:
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System Information_6
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IMPORTANT TO KNOW
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Totally we have
a. 2048*26*51*8 = 21.725.184 Control Time slot
Page: Traffic Time slot
b. 2048*51*26*8 = 21.725.184
71
If you understand this concept, then you can plan the subscriber capacity base on
RACH Load.
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IMPORTANT TO KNOW
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Power Control 3
INTRACELLHOEN
EDGESTAT1/ EDGELAST1
EGPRS11BITCHANREQ /LQCMODE
MAXRESEND
SUPPSDLPC
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75
CR
Site Information
1. Change power control type II to power control type III for all cells of cluster Kudus on Mar 26.
2. Type III have more efficient power control than power control II.
3. All CS KPI improve after adjust.
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INTRACELLHOEN
CR
Site Information
1. Adjust parameter INTRACELLHOEN from Yes to No for all NPI cells on February 10.
2. All cells use the RF Hopping, the all TRX quality almost same in the one cell due to use the same frequency.
3. TDR improve after adjust. but HOSR decreased due toPage:
more HO requests in the case of bad quality.
79
INTRACELLHOEN
Site Information
CSSR increased after
adjusted
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80
INTRACELLHOEN
Site Information
TDR decreased after
adjusted
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81
EDGESTAT1/ EDGELAST1
CR
Site Information
1. Adjust EDGESTAT1/ EDGELAST1 to faster for all cells of cluster Kudus on Mar 12
2. MS easier to execute EDGE Handover in the case of the poor Receive Level.
3. TDR &HOSR improve after adjusted.
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EDGESTAT1/ EDGELAST1
Site Information
TDR decreased after
adjusted
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83
EGPRS11BITCHANREQ /LQCMODE
CR
Site Information
1.
Adjust NO to YES for EGPRS11BITCHANREQ for all cells of cluster Kudus on February 15
2.
3.
4.
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EGPRS11BITCHANREQ /LQCMODE
Site Information
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85
EGPRS11BITCHANREQ /LQCMODE
Site Information
Uplink TBF establish
Success Rate
increased after
adjust
Downlink TBF
establish Success
Rate increased after
adjust.
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MAXRESEND
CR
Site Information
1. Adjust 40 to 150 for MAXRESEND for all cells of cluster Purwokerto on February 15
2. The CS performance improved after adjusted.
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MAXRESEND
Site Information
Uplink TBF establish
Success Rate
increased after
adjust
Downlink TBF
establish Success
Rate increased after
adjust.
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MAXRESEND
Site Information
TDR decreased after
adjusted
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SUPPSDLPC
Parameter Summary
1. Feature activation for PS power control for cluster 4 of Yogya on Apr 12.
2. Reduce the PS interference of CS. improve the quality of CS.
3. The TDR&CSSR&HOSR improved after adjusted. But SDSR decreased due to many cells still have
interference.
CR
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SUPPSDLPC
Parameter Summary
CSSR increased after
adjust
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SUPPSDLPC
Parameter Summary
TDR decreased after
adjusted
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