oJfire

Part C: Suppression
Regulation10

.1
.2
.3
.4

a greasetrap readily removable for cleaning;

a fire damper located in the lower end of the duct;
arrangements,operablefrom within the galley, for shutting off the exhaustfans;and
fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct.

Regulation 1,0
Firefighting
1

Purpose

The purpose of this regulation is to suppressand swiftly extinguish a fire in the spaceof origin. For this
pulpose, the following functional requirementsshall be met:
.1 fixed fire-extinguishing systemsshall be installed, having due regard to the fire growth potential
ofthe protectedspaces;and
fire-extinguishing appliancesshall be readily available.
.2
2

'W-ater

supply systems

Ships shall be provided with fire pumps, fi.re mains, hydrants and hoses complying with the applicable
requirementsof this regulation.
2.1 Fire mains and hydrants
2.1.1Ceneral
Materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for fire mains and hydrants unlessadequately
protected.The pipes and hydrantsshalibe so placedthat the fire hosesm?y be easilycoupled to them The
"rr".rg.-.nt of pipes and hydrants shall be such as to avoid the possibility of fr,eezing.Suitable drainage
pro'oiiion, shail te provided for fire main piping. Isolation valves shall be installed for all open deck fire
main branch., .rr.d for purposesother than-fire fighting. In shipswhere deck cargo may b9 carried, the
positions of the hydrants shall be such that they are alwaysreadily accessibleand the pipes shall be arranged
as far as practicableto avoid risk of damageby such cargo.
L1.2 Ready auailabilityof watersupply
The arrangementsfor the ready availabiliry of water supply shall be:
ships:
in passenger
.1.1 of 1,000 grosstonnageand upwards such that at leastone effectivejet ofwater is immediately
availableFro- "ny hldrant in an interior location and so as to ensurethe continuation of the
output of water by the automatic starting of one required fire pump;
.1.2 of less than 1,000 gross tonnage by automatic start of at least one fire pump or by.remote
startingfrom the naiigation bnJge of at leastone fire pump. lf the pump startsautomaticallyor
if the bottom valve .it trot be opened from where the pump is remotely started,the bottom
valve shall always be kePt oPen; and
.1.3 if fitted with periodically unattendedmachinery spacesin accordanccwith regulation Il-1'154'
the Administiation shall determine provisions for fixed water fire-extinguishing arrangements
for such spacesequivalentto those required for normally attendedmachinery spaces;
.1

.2
.2.1
.2.2

in cargo ships:
to the satisfactionof the Admrnistration; and
with a periodicallyunattendedmachinery spaceorwhen only one personis required on watch,
there shallbe immediate water delivcry from the fire main systemat a suitablepressure,either
by remote starting of one of the main fire pumps with remote starting from the navigation
bndge and fire co-ntrol station, if any, or permanent pressurization of.the fire main systemby
on.*of the main fire pumps, excepf that the Administration may waive this requirement for
cargo ships of less than i,600 gtos totr.r"ge if the fire pump starting arrangement in the
positionmachineryspaceis in an easilyaccessible

153

'
ChapterII-2 Construction- t'ire protectiln, detection,extinctiln
Regulation1 0
2.1.3Diameteroffre mams
for the effective distribution of the
The diameter of the fi,remain and water servicepipes shall be suflicient
ttttp' that in the caseoi
simuftlllout;l
maximum required dischargefrom tr,vo tir. p.t-p, operating
m-'/h'
140
of
.rrgo rfripr the diametcr r-r.!d only be sufficient for the discharge

2.1.4Isolatingualuesand reliefualues
the machinery space.containingthe
2.1.4.1 Isolatingvalvesro separatethe section of the fire main within
fitted in an easilyaccessibleand tenablc
main fire pump or pumps from the ..* -oi rh. fire main sliall be
arrangedthat when the isolatingvalvesare
position outside trr. -".'fr".ry ,p"..r. The fire main shallbe so
rJferredto above,canbe suppliedwith
shut all the hydrantson the ship, exceptthosein the machineryspace
its seawaterinlet' and
fire
.Pt-p,
warer by another fire pump or an emerg.;;t.fit; pyTP. The emergency
outiide thc machinery-space' If this
suction and delivery'pry.', and isoladlng./rLrr"r'shali bc.located
may be fitted in the machinery spaceif the valve is remotelr'
arrangementcannor'bJ ir"d., the sea-ch-est
the suction pipe is as
"-Sh;;tin the ,"-. .o-p"rtme1t.as.the emergencyfire pump and
controlled from a position
spacc'
lengths of s.tction or dischargepiping may pcnetrate the machinery
,t-,or, ", practicabie.
o, # itrr"trt".a t""'A-00" classstandards'The pipes
provided they are enclosedin aiubstantial steelcasing
jes'
than 11 mm' and shall be welded except for the
shall have substantialwall thickness,but in no case
flanged connection to the seainlet valve'
fire hose may be removed while the fire
2.1.4.2 A valve shallbe fitted to serveeachfire hydrant so that any
pumps arc in oPeration.
fire pumps if the.pumps are capableof
2.1.4.g Relief valves shall be provided in conjunction with
water seryict piptt' hydrants and hoses'These
developing " p..rrrr. ."l..ai"g the design pr.rJ.rr" of the
pressurcin any part of the fire main system'
valvesshall be so placed and adjustedas to prevent excessivc
at the poop front in a protected position
2.1.4.4 In tankers,isolarionvalvesshall be fitted in the fire main
the integrity of the fire main systemin
and on the tank deck at intervalsof not more than 40 m to preserve
caseof fire or exPloston.

2.1.5Nunbcr andpositionof hydranrs

at leasttwo jcts of water not emanatinq
2.1.5.1 The number and position of hydrants shall be such that
of hose, miy reach any part of the ship
from the samehydrant, one of which rfrrff fr. from a single length
is=beingnavigated and any part of any cargo
normally accessibleto the passengersor crew while the -"ship
in which l"tttr tast the nvo iets shall reach anv
spacewhen empty, any ro-ro sp1ce.or ally vehicle-space,
positionednear the
" riJJ"l."gih of hose.Fr]rthermor., ,rr.h hydrantsshallbe
part of the space,.J'ir;;
to the ProtectedsPaces.
accesses
passengerships shall comply with the
2.1.5.2 In addition to the requirements in paragraph 2'1'5'1'
followinq:

.1

and position of hydrantsshall

in the accommodation,serviceand machinery spaces'the.numbcr
of p"rrgn ph 2.1'.5.1'may !e co.mpliedwith when all watertight
be such that the ,.q#.-.ni,
and
doors and all doorsln main vertical 2"". bulkheadsare closed;
a low level from an adjacentshah
where accessis provided to a machinery spaceof categoryA at
near the entrance to, that machinen
two hydranrr th"ll L" p.""id.d e"ternal to,lri
tunnel,'Where
wvo hydran$ shell
such "...r, i, p-iid.a f.o- oth.. spaces,in one of those spaces
space.
of ."tegory A. Such provision need not be
be provided near the "nirrni. to the machinc*p"."
escaperoute.
-"d. *h.re the tunnel or adjacentspacesare not part of the

t54

ofJire
Part C: Suppression
Regulation10

llI

/)rc-t-rrrre
at hydrants

in paragraph2.3.-3,with
13,:::r :hc rwo pumps simultaneouslydeliveringwater through the nozzlesspecified.
the following
hydrants,
adjacent
any
through
2.1.3,
in
frrr .:'.r.rrrtifyof #rr.t as specified
-paragaphhydrants:
pressures
all
shall be maintained at
r-:-,:::lLlnr
.l

for passengershiPs:
4,000 grosstonnage and uPwards
lessthan 4,000 grosstonnage

0.40 N/mm2
0.30 N/mm'

for cargo ships:

6,000 grosstonnage and uPwards
lessthan 6,000 grosstonnage

0.27 N/mm2
0.25 N/mm-

and
.3
ll.l

the maximum pressureat anyhydrant shall not exceed that at which the eflective control of a fire
hose can be demonstrated.

shoreconnection
I,rternational

shore
ll 7 | Ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards shall be provided with at least one international
- :r--::.:.tiorrcomplyingwith the Fire SaferySystemsCode.
the ship'
1,lt2 Facilitiesshall be availableenabling such a connection to be used on either side of
U

Firepumps

asfire PumPs
221 l)unrpsaccepted
they are not
\:--::.rn'. bal1ast,bilge or generalservicepumps may-be acceptedas fire pumps' provided that
pumping of
or
transfer
the
for
duty
to^occasional
subject
a,:e
iithey
that
=,-.-,.,i1..,r.d io, pi*pitig oil and
are
tltted.
,* :'.:cl.suitablechange-overan:angements
?-22 \'unfter offire Pumqs
r:-::. shall be provided with independently driven fire pumps as follows:
.l

.2

in passengershiPsof;
4,000 grosstonnage and uPwards
lessthan 4,000 grosstonnage

at least three
at least fi,vo

in cargo ships of:

1,000 grosstonnage and uPwards
lessthan 1,000 grosstonnage

at least Nvo
at least tlvo power-driven pumps' onc of
which shall be independently driven

223 .lrrangementoffre pumpsandfre mains

I ? 3.1 Fire pumps
that:
l::c.rrrangement of seaconnections,fire pumps and their sourcesof power shall be as to ensure
one
in passengerships of 1,000 gross tonnage and upwards, in the event of a fire in any
.l
and
of
action;
out
put
be
not
will
comparrment, ali the fire p,t-pr
in any one
.2 in passengerships of less than 1,000 gross tonnage and in cargo llipt, if a fire
means
an
alternative
be
shall
there
action,
of
out
pumps
comparrment could put all the
Systems
Safery
Fire
of
the
provisions
the
with
complying
consisting of ,n .-..gency fire pump
main fire
Code with its source6f po*., -a r." cotrtrectiJttlocated outside the spacewhere the
located'
pumps or their sourcesof power are
22.3.2 Requirements for the spacecontaining the emergency fire pump
22.3.2.1Locationof the sPace
spacesof
.1c spacecontaining the fire pump shall not be contiguoT_to'the boundaries of machincry
common
the
....go'ry A or those"spaces.otrt"ltritrg main fire pumpt. Where this is not practicable'

155

- Jireprotection,
ChapterII-2: Construction
detection,
extinction
Regulation10
bulkhead between the two spaces shallbc insulatcd to a standardof structuralfire protection equivalentto
that requireclfor a control station.
2.2.3.2.2Access
to the emergencyfire pump
No direct accessshallbe perrnittedbetweenthe rnachineryspaceand the spacecontainingthe emergencyfire
pump and its sourceof power. When this is impracticable,the Administration may acceptan arrangement
where the access
is by meansof an airlockwith the door of the machineryspacebeing of "4-60" classstandard
and the othcr door being at least steel,both reasonablygastight,self-closingand without any hold-back
Alternatively,the accessmay be through a watertight door capableof being operatedfrom a
arrangements.
spaceremote from the rnachineryspaceand the spacecontainingthe emergencyfire pump and unlikely to be
cut offin thc cvcnt of firc in thosespaccs.In such cases,a secondmeansof accessto the spacecontainingthe
emergencyfire pump and its sourceof power shallbe provided.
2.2.3.2.3
Ventilation of thc emergencyfire pump space
Ventilation affangementsto the spacccontaining thc independent sourceof power for the emergencyfirc
p.u'rr'):\N\t:rrfn
a:\s pret\rr\e, a:\ar aspracircbo\e,tne posi\o\rg o\ srr-ro\e\rorn a mac\rnery spacehrc
entering or being drawn into that space.
2.2.3.3 Additional pumps for cargo ships
In addition, in cargo shipswhere otherpurnps, such asgeneralservice,biige and ballast,etc., are fitted in r
machinery spacc,arrangemcntsshallbe made to ensurcthat at leastonc of thesepumps, having the capacrn
and pressurerequiredby paragraphs
2.1.6.2 and2.2.1.2,is capableof providing water to the fire main.
2.2.4 Capacityof.firepumps
2.2.4.1 Total capaciryof required fire pumps
Thc required firc pumps shall be capableof dclivering for firc-fighting purposesa quantity of watcr, at the'
pressurespecifiedin paragraph2.1..6,as follows:
.l
.2

pumps in passengerships: the quantity of water is not less than two thirds of the quandn
required to be dealt with by the bilgc pumps whcn cmployed for bilge pumping; and
punlps in cargoships,other than any emergencypunlp: the quantiry ofwater is not lessthan four
thirds of the quantity required under regulation II-1/35-1 to be dealt with by each of tht
independcnt bilge purnps in a passcngc'rship of thc samedimension when employed in bilgc
pun1pu1g,provided that in no cargo ship need the total required capaciryof the fire pumps
cxceed180 ni-'/h.

2.2.4.2Capaciryo{'erch firc punrp

Each of the rcquired fire pumps (other than any emergencypump required in paragraph2.2.3.1.2 for cargo
ships) shall have a capacity not less than B0%rof the total required capacity divided by the minimunr
number of rcquired fire pumps, but in any casenot lcss than25 mt/h, and each such pump shall in anv
event be capableof delivering at leastthe two requiredjets of water. These fire pumps shall be capableof
supplying the fire nlain systemunder the required conditions. Where more punps than the minimum of
required pumps are installed,such additional pumps shall have a capaciryofat lc'ast25 nr3/h and shall bc
capableof dcliveringat leastthe two jets of water requircd in paragraph2.1.5.1.
2.3 Fire hosesand nozzles
2.3.1 Cencralspcci,fications
2.3.1.1 Fire hosesshallbe of non-perishablenaterial approvedby the Administration and shallbe suflicient
in length to project ajet of water to any of the spacesin which they may be required to be used.Each hose
shallbe provided with a nozzleand thc necessarycouplings. Hoses specifiedin this chapteras "fire hoses"
shall,togetherwith any nccessaryfittings and tools, be kcpt readyfor usc in conspicuouspositionsnear the
water servicehydrantsor connections.Additionally, in interior locationsin passengershipscarrying more
than 36 passenllers,
fire hosesshallbe connectedto the hydrantsat all times. Fire hosesshallhavea length of
at least10 m, but r-totmorc than:
.l

15 rn in machineryspaces;

156

oJltre
Part C: Suppression
Regulation10

.2
.3

20 nr in othcr spacesand open decks;and

25 nr for open decks on shipswith a maximum breadth in excessof 30 nr.

conplcte
23.1.2 Unlcss one hose and nozzle is providcd for each hydrant in the ship, there shall bc
:.'rchangeabiliryof hose couplingsand nozzles.
of lire hoses
23.2\nmber dnd diameter
be to the
?3.2.1 Ships shall be provided with fire hoses,the number and diameter of which shall
:.tiction of thc Atlttrinistrationparagraph
23.2.2 I' passengcrships,there shallbe at leastone fLrehosefor eachof the hydrantsrecluircdby
the firetesting
or
fires
of
extitrguishing
purposes
for
the
only
.5 ancl these hoses'shall be used
surveys'
:rnqr.tishingapparatusat fire drills and
23.2.3 ln cargo shiPs:
bc onc for
. 1 of 1,0(X)gloss tonnage and upwards, the number of fire hosesto b-eprovided.shall
does
nun-rber
This
all.
in
five
than
"".1r :O nilength of ih. ship and olre spare,but in no caseless
may
Administration
The
room'
not include ",-t:yhos., required in any engine-room or boiler
available
are
number
in
suflicient
increasethe number of hoies required so as"toensurethat hoses
which the
and accessibleat all timcs, having regardto the type of ship and the natlrre of trade in
19
shall be
regulation
,6rp i, enployed. Ships carryitfi dittg"tous goods in aciordance with
and
hosesand Jozzlei in addition to those required above;
f.J"id.d *irh,hr..
in
of lessthan 1,000 grosstonnage,thc number of firc hosesto be provided shall.bc calculatcd
no
shall
in
hoses
of
"f.o.d"n.. -lth the provisionJofparagraph2.3.2.3.1.However, the number
casebe lessthan three.
2 3.3 S'i":eand typts oJnozzles
and 19lrrn or as
23.3.1 For the purposesof this chaptcr,standardttozzlesizesshallbc 12 mn-r,16 mnr
the Adrninistration'
. ,r rSereto", porribl.. Larger diameternozzlesmay be permitted at the discretion of
not bc uscd'
Z3.l.Z For acconrnrodationand servicespaces,anozzle sizegreaterthan 12 mm nccd
and exteriorlocations,thc nozzlesizeshallbe suchasto obtaitrthe maximum
2 3.3.3 For rnachineryspaces
..11l..g.possiblefro-'r*o jets at the pressurementioned in paragraph2.L.6 fron the smallestpLlmp'
,,i.lcldthat a 'ozzle sizegieatcrthan 19 mm need not be used.
a shr'rtofl'
2 3.3.4 Nozzles shall be of an approvcd dual-purposefype (i'e. spray/jettype) incorporating
3

Portable fire extinguishers*

31

Type and design

,rr:rblcfire cxtinguishersshall conrply with the rcquirementsof the Firc Safcrysystcms code '
3.2 Awangementoffire extinguishers
with portable-.firc
3.2.1AcconrmocJationsp:rccs,scrvice spacesand control stations shall be provided
Ships
Admrnistratiore'
jn',sutlicient
thc
of
satisfaction
the
to
number
..ti'suishersof rpprop.'i"te rypesand
' f ,tXtOgro*, tor't,-t"g.altd upwards shall carry at lcast five portablc firc extinguishers'
near the cntrance
3.2.2One of the portablefire ertinguishersintended for use in any spaceshallbe stowed
, that space.
In control statiolls
3 2.3 Clarbondioxicle fire extinguishersshall not be placed in accommodation spaccs.
for
the safetyof the
necessary
appliances
or
r.l other spacescont;ing eleitrical or electronic equiprlent
by-the Orgaruzationby resolution A 951(23)
ia..ti.r," ,h.. hrprovcd (luiclclines for nrarinc portablc fire cxtinguishersadopted
of portable {ire extinguis}rcrson board ships
arrangement
rrurnbeiand
the
on
II-2
chapter
of
SC)LAS
.r U'ilicd i'terprctatron
'.1\(1.1/Circ.1275).

157

ChapterII-2 Construction- t'ire protection,detection,extinctiln

Regulation1 i )
sl-rip,fire ertinguishersshallbc providcd whosc extingurshingmedia are neither electricailyconductive nor
harmful to the equipment and appliances.
3.2.4Fire extinguishersshallbe situatedready for use at easilyvisible places,whigh can be reachedquicklv
is not impaircd by the
and casily"t "n! time in drc cvent of a fire, and in such a way that their serwiceability
with devices
be
provided
shall
fire
extinguishers
Portable
rveathcr, vibraiion or other external factors.
which indicate whether they have been used.
3.3 Sparecharges
3.3.1Sparechargesshallbe provided for I00%t of the first ten extinguishcrsand 50(/oof the remaining fire
exting;ishers cJpableof being rechargedon board. Not more than sixty total sparechargesare required.
Instructions for rechargingshall be carried on board.
3.3.2For fire ertingpisherswhich cannot be rechargedon board, additionalportablefirc extinguishers.ofthe
samequanrlry,rype, capacityand number asdeterminedin paragraph3.3.1 aboveshallbe provided in lieu of
sparccnargcs.
4

Fixed fire-extinguishing systems

4.1

Types of fixed fire-extinguishing systems

4.1.1A fixed firc-extinguishing systemrcquired by paragraph5 below may bc any of the followrng systems:
.t
a fixed gasfire-extinguishing systemcomplyingwith the provisions of the Fire SaGrySystems
Code;
a fixed high-expansionfoam fire-extinguishingsystenrcomplying with the provisionsof the Firc
SaGrySystemsCode; and
a fixed pressurewater-sprayingfire-extinguishing systemcomplying with the provisions of the
Fire SaGrySystemsCode.
4.1.2 Where a fixed fire-extinguishing systemnot required by this chapter is installed, it
requirementsof the reievantregulationsof this chapter and the Fire SaGty SystemsCode.

meet the

4.1.3 Fire-extinguishing systems using Halon 1211, 1301., and 2402 and per{luorocarbons shall be
prohibited.
4.1,4In general,the Administration shall not permit the use of steam as a fire-cxtinguishingrnedium in
fixed firelextinguishing sysrems.Where the use of steanlis permitted by the Adnin'stration, it shailbe used
o1ly in restrictJd ,r."r-", an addition to the required fire-extingr-rishingsysten and shall comply with the
requirementsof the Fire SafetySystemCode.
Closing appliances
for fixed gasfire-extinguishingsystems
Where a fixed gasfire-extinguishingsystemis used,openingswhich may admit air to_,or allow gasto escape
from, a protecied spaceshall be capableof being closed from outside the protected space.
4.2

4.3

StorageroomsoJfre-extinguishing medium

When the fire-extinguishingmedium is storedoutside a protected space,it shallbe storedin a room which
is locatedbehind thJforward collision bulkhead, and is uscd for no other purposes.Any entranceto such a
storageroom shallpreferablybe from thc open deck and shallbe indcpendentofthc protected spacc..Ifthe
,to."!. spaceis located below deck, it shall be located no more than one deck below the open deck -and
by a stairwayor ladderfrom the open deck. Spaceswhich are locatedbelow deck
shallie directly accessible
from
the open dcck is not provided shall bc fitted with a nrechanicalventilation
acccss
whcie
or spaccs
air from the bottom of the spaceand shallbe sizedto provide at least6-air
exhaust
to
take
designed
system
shall
open ouf\,vards,and bulkheadsand decks,including doors and.other
doors
Access
p"i'ho.rr.
.h"ng.,
which form the boundaries between such rooms and adjacent
therein,
opening
any
closing
-."trr of
of thc applicationof tables9.1 to 9.8, such storagerooms
purpose
For
thc
be
gastight.
shall
enclosedspaces
stations.
fire
control
shall be treatedas

158

PartC'.Suppression
oJJire
Regulation 10

4.4

Water pumpsfor otherfire-extinguishing systems

l)umps, other than those serving the fire main, required for the provision of water for fire-extinguishing
\\'stemsrequired by this chapter, their sourcesof power and their controls shall be installed outside the
\paceor spacesprotectedby such systemsand shallbe so arrangedthat a fire in the spaceor spacesprotected
u'ill not put any such systemout of action.
5

Fire-extinguishing arrangements in machinery spaces

5.1 Machinery spacescontainingoil-fired boilersor oilfuel wnits

systems
5.1.1F ixedfire-extinguishing
\lachinery spacesof categoryA containing oil-fired boilers or oil fuel units shallbe provided with any one
,f rhe fixed fire-extinguishing systemsin paragraph4.1.In each case,if the engine-room and boiler room
,rc not cntirely separate,or if fuel oil can drain from the boiler room into the engine-room, the combined
- nqine and boiler rootrls shall be consideredas one compartment.
n ts*
5.1.2 A ddit iondl f re-ex t inguishi ng arrangeme
5.1.2.1 There shallbe in eachboiler room or at an entranceoutside of the boiler room at leastone portable
' ',uri applicatorunit complyingwith the provisions of the Fire SafetySystemsCode.
5.12.2 Thete sha\\ be at \east t\rvo po$ab\e foam extinguishets or equi\alert in each {rtrng space in each
Iroiler room and in each soacein which a oart of the oil fuel installationis situated.There shall be not less
rhan one approvedfoanr-rypeextinguisherof at least 135 /capacity or cquivalentin cach boilcr room.
These extinguishersshallbe provided with hoseson reelssuitablefor reachingany part of the boiler room.
hr the caseof domestic boilers of lessthan 175 kW an approved foam-type extinguisher of at least 135 /
capacityis not required.
5.1.2.3 In eachfiring spacethere shallbe a receptaclecontaining at least0.1 m-3sand,sawdustimpregnated
ri'ith soda, or other approved dry material, along with a suitable shovel for spreadingthe material. An
-rpprovedportable extinguishcr may be substitutedas an alternative.
5.2 Machinery spacescontaininginternal combustionmachinery
5.2.1F ixedfre-extinguishingsystems
\{achinery spacesof categoryA containing internal combustion machinery shall be provided with one of
:hc fixcd fire-cxtinguishing systemsin paragraph4.1.
5.2.2A ddi tionalfi re-ex t inguishi ng arrangements*
5.2.2.1 There shal1be at leastone portable foam applicatorunit complying with the provisions of the Fire
:,rfcry SystemsCode.
5.2.2.2 There shallbe in eachsuch spaceapprovedfoam-rypefire extinguishers,eachof at least45 I capaciqr
,,r'equivalent,sufficientin number to enablefoam or its equivalentto be directedonto any part of the fuel and
Lrbricatingoil pressuresystems.gearingand other fire hazards.In addition, there shallbe provided a sufficient
:rumber of portablefoam extinguishersor equivalentwhich shallbe so locatedthat no point in the spaccis
:rrorethan 10 m walking distancefrom an extinguisherand that there are at leasttwo such extinguishersin
,'rch such space.For smallerspacesof cargoshipsthe Administration may considerrelaxingthis requirement.
5.3 Machinery spacescontainingsteamturbinesor enclosedsteamengines
5.3.1F ixed-fire-extinguishingsystems
In spacescontaining steamturbines or enclosedsteamenginesused for main propulsion or other purposes
:rlving in the aggregate
a total output of not lessthan 375 kW, one of the fire-extinguishingsystemsspecified
:n paragraph4.1 shallbe provided if such spacesare periodicallyunattended.
I\efer to Unified interpretation of SOLAS chapter II-2 on the number and arrangement of portable fire extinguishers on board
rrps(MSC. 1/Cuc.1.27
5).

159

- fire protection,
extinction
detection,
ChapterII-2: Construction
Regulation1 0
5.3.2A dditi onal fi re-ex tinguishi ng arrangemen ts
least 451 capaciq'or.equivalent,
5.3.2.1 There shall be approved foam fire extinguishers,each of at
on to any-p_artof the pressure
sufficient in number to enable foam or its equiialent to be directed
of the turbincs, engines
lubrication system,on to any part of the casingsinclosingpressure-lubricatcd-parts
not be required if
shall
or associaredgearing, ;"J ;;y other fire haz"ards.Howiver, such extingufu!.Tt.
spacesby a fixed
in
such
provided
is
prorection, at leastequivalentto that required by this subparagraph,
h..-.*tirrg.rishing ,yri.- fitted in compliancewith paragraph4'1'
or equivalentwhich shall be so
5.3.2.2 There shall be a suficient number of portable foam extinguishers*
an extinguishctlocated thar no point in the spaceis more than 1o m walking-distince from
be requlred ln
shallnot 11jl1:ltT
extinguishers
such
that
eT.gp!
space,
such
are at leastrwo su.h extinguishersin each
addition to any providedln compliancewith paragraph5'1'2'2'
5.4 Other machinetYsqaces
'w'here,
space-for which, no
in the opinion of the Administration, a fsre hazard exists in any machinery
and 5'3' there shall
5'2
5,1,
paragraq\s
in
are.prescribed
appliances
#;;tfi; p.o.ririo,isfor firc-extinguishing
or other
extinguishers
fire
portibl.
approved
of
be provided in, or adjacentto, that space's'u.h" number
sufficient.
-."r* of fire extinction as the Administration may deem
5.5 Additional requirements
Jor passengerships
each machinery spaceof categoryA shall be provided
In passengershipscarryingmore- than36 passengers'
*ith at lelst two suitablewater fog applicators'f
5.6 Fixed local applicationfire-extinguishing systems
and above and cargo ships of
5.6.1Paragraph5.6 shall apply to passengerships of 500 gross tonnage
2,000 grosstonnage and above.

b.6.2 Machineryspacesof categoryA above500 m3 in volume shall,in addition_-to*:,it9"_1t::

5..1.1,be protectedby an approved,Yq:-:ffi1:.1^f::o*:*:
ryrr"- i.q;;;;;"rlgraph
extinguishing
s.u,&

vre

rvr@vturrvr/

A;i;?ffiiili;;ii."";;
In ;[.-.;
rvrsr

LUUrVqrlrr(

qHt

d.e"i"",i"n.1

'v*"i',ui'gi"i-:l: *f9'*':.,*::1*9-Y",:*
n;5:i;",1"'ryishing

""it'"{9{ rycnineryspac.es]
of periodicillv
:-l: T;:Yfl'^*':qJ,'j::
machinery
continuously-manned
In the case^of
capabilities.

Jn"?i'rr"".'u.rrrr"r.*#;"d;;;;;l;;#ase

releasecapability'
,pr..r, the fire-extinguishing systemis only required-to have a manual
such as the following without
b.6.3Fixed local applicationfire-extinguishing systemsare to protect areas
spaces:
the
th. r-r...rriry of etrgitt. shutdown, perionnel bvacuation,or sealingof
main propulsion
the fire hazardportions of internal combustion machinery used for the ship's
.l
and power generation;

.2
.3
.4

boiler fronts;
the fire hazardportions of incinerators;and
ourifiers for heatedfuel oil.

audibled":--tl:|1t:t"S:l
5.6.4Activationof anylocalapplicationsystemshallgivea yilya.landdistinct

;;';;;;;;;ilil;""'""J
,il;#;;;;;;;;;;
i.t".ti."

indicat:-,:l_..1p..11.-y.':":"1:,,:::*,Tl:
;;;;;- in. ,1",-shatl
for, the

a"'.'iu"a wllh1n this paragraqha1ein addition to, and not a substitutc

and fiie alarm system required elsewherein this chapter.

and arrangement of portable fire extinguishcrs on board

R.{L,r-r" Ur"fied interpretation of SOLAS chapter II-2 0n the number
ships(MSC.1/Circ.1275).
fitted to a
r A warer fog applicator might consist of a me-talL-shaped pipe, the long linrb being about 2 m in length, capableof being
of being fitted with a
oi
capable
fognozzre
uiater
a
fixed
*iih
fiti"d
t;i.;gl,li,
mm
250
fire hose, and the short limb being about
water spray nozzle.
for use in category A
I Refer to the Guidelines for the approval of fixed water-based local application fire-fightin^g systems
of fixed water-based local application
"ppto,ril
the
fo.
Guidelittir
of
the
Utiinggl11*nrerations
machinery spaces(MSC/Circ.g13),
interpretationstf Soras chapter II-2 (MSC'1/Circ'1'276)'
fire-fighting sysrcms(MSC/Circ.913) (MSC/Circ.tOAz; atra Unified
.

160

oJt'ire
Part C: Suppression
Regulation10

Fire-extinguishing

arrangernents in control stations, accommodation and service spaces

6.1 Sprinkler and water-sprayingsystemsin passengerships

shall be equippedwith an automatic-sprinkler,fire
6.1.1Passengerships carrying more than 36 passengers
with the requirementsof the Fire Safety
complying
of
an
approved
.lctection "id fi.. "1"r- iyrt"rype
spaces,including corridors and stairways.
service
and
accommodation
\\-stemsCode in all control stations,
equipment,,maybe fitted with an
to
essential
damage
may
cause
water
\lternatively, control stations,where
or no fire risk such asvoids,
having_littlc
rype.
Spaces
another
of
,;.,provedfixed firc-extinguishing system
with
an automatic sprinkler
fitted
not
be
need
spaces
similar
roo-r
and
,.,rbli. toilets, carbon dioxide
.\'stem.
when a fixcd smoke detection and fire alarm
6.1.2In passengershipscarrying not more than 36 passengers,
.\'srem i"mplyr"g with the piovisions of the Fire Safery SystemsCode is provided ""ly 11 corridors,
.rrirways ,trd .r.ip. routes within accommodationspaces,an automatic sprinkler systemshall be installed
::r rrccordance
with regulation7.5.3.2.

6.1.3 A fixed pressurewater-sprayrngfire-extinguishing systemcomplying with_the provisionsof the .Fire

',.rfc'tySystemi Code shallbe rnstalledon cabin balconiesof shipsto which regulation 5.3.4 applies,yhg.:
,,;.,.rriiureandfurnishingsonsuchbalconiesarenotasdefinedinregulations3.40.1,3.40.2,3.40.3,3.40.6
,nc'l3.40.7.
6.2 Sprinkler systemsfor cargoships
.:r c:rrgoshipsin which method IIC specifiedin regulation 9.2.3.L1.2 is adopted,an automatic sprinkler,
::rc cle-Icction
and fire alarm systemshallbe fitted in accordancewith the requirementsin regulationT.5-5.2.
6.3 Spacescontainingflammableliquid
5.3.1Paint lockers shall be protected by:
.l
.2
.3
.4

a carbon dioxide system,designedto give a minimum volume of free gasequal to 40o/oof the
grossvolume of the protected space;
a dry powder system,designedfor at least0.5 kg powder/m3;
a water spraying or sprinkler system, designed for 5 lfm2 min. Water spraying systemsmay be
connectedto the fire main of the ship; or
a systemproviding equivalentprotection, as determined by the Administration.

.:r :rll cases,the systemshall be operablefrom outside thc protected space.

6.3.2Flarnmable liquid lockers shall be protccted by an appropriate fire-extinguishing arrangement
i'Provedby the Administration.
6.3.3For lockers of a deck area of lessthan 4 m2, which do not give accessto accommodation spaces,a
:.,.,rtablecarbon dioxide fire extingurshersizedto provide a minimum volume of frce gaseqrlafto 40(%of
::rc grossvolume of the tp".. -ry be acceptedin lieu of a fixed system.A dischargeport shallbe arranged
;1 tf,e locker to allow the dischargeof the extinguisherwithout having to enter into the protected space.
f6e required portable fire extinguisher shall be itowed adjacentto the port. Alternatively, a port or hose
.rnnection may be provided to facilitatethe use of fire main water.
6.4 Deep-fat cookingequltment
. )cep-fat cooking equipment shall be fitted with the following:
.l
an automatic or manual fire-extinguishing systemtestedto an international standardacceptable
to the Organization;*
.2 a primary and baikup thermostatwith an alarm to alert the operator in the cvent of failure of
cither thermostat;
I\efcr ro the recornmendationsby rhe International Organization for Standardization,in particularpublication ISO 15371:2009,
':ttps and marineterhnology- Fire-extinguishing
systems
for protectionof galley cookingequipment.

t61

extinction
detection,
ChapterII-2: Construction
Jireprotection,
Regulation 10

.3
.4
.5

arrangementsfor automatically shutting off the electrical power upon activation of the fireextinguishing system;
an alarm for indicating operation of the fire-cxtinguishing system in the gallcy wherc the
equipment is installed;and
controls for manual operation of the fire-extinguishing systernwhich are clearly labelled for
ready use by the crew.

7
Fire-extinguishing arrangements in cargo spaces
7.1 Fixed gasfire-extinguishing systemsfor generalcargo
shipsof 1,0()0grosstonnageanc
ofpassenger
7.1.1Exceptasprovidedfor in paragraph7.2,the cargospaces
systemcomplying with
gas
fire-extinguishing
inert
or
iarbon
dioxide
i
fixed
protected
by
upwards shal b!
system
fire-extinguishing
foam
high-expansion
by
a
fixed
or
Code
Fire
Systems
Safety
the provisionsofihe
protection.
which grvescquivalent
7.1.2Where it is shown to the satisfactionof the Administration that a passengership is engagedon voyages
of such short duration that it would be unreasonableto apply the requirementsof paragraphT.l.l and also
in shipsofless than 1,000 grosstonnage,the arrangementsin cargo spacesshall-bcto the satisfactionof the
Administration. provided ihat the ship is fitted with steel hatch covers and effectivemeans of closing all
ventilators and othe. opcnings leading ro the cargo spaces.
on cargoshipsof 2,000 grosstonnagc'and upwardsshall
cargospaces
7.1.3Except for ro-ro and vehiclespaces,
systemcomplyingwith the provisionsof
gis
fire-extinguishing
be protectedby a fixed carbondioxide or ineit
givesequivalentprotection.
which
system
fire-extinguishing
the Fire SaGrySystemsCode, or by a
7.1.3 and7.2 cargospacesof an1'
7.1.4The Admrnistrationmay exempt from the requirementsof paragraphs
cargo ship if constructed,and solely intended, for the carriageof ore, coal, grain, unseasonedtimber, non.oirburtitle cargoesor cargoeswhich, in the opinion of the Administratiou, constitutea low fire risk.. Such
exemptions*ry t . g."ut.d only if the ship is fitted with steeihatch covcrsand cffectivcmeansof closingall
ventilators and' other openings leading io the cargo spaces.When such exemptions are granted, the
Adnrinistration shall issue an Exemption Certificate, irrespectiveof the date of construction of the ship
concerned,in accordancewith regulation l/12(a)(vi), and shall ensurc that the list of cargoesthe ship is
permitted to carry is attachedto the Exemption Certificatc.
goods
7.2 Fixed gasfire-extinguishing systemsfor dangerous
A ship engagedin the carriagcof dangerousgoods in any cargo spaccsshallbc providcd with a fixed carbon
dioxiie oi inert gas fire-extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the Fire SaGry Systems
Code or with a dre-extinguishing syJt.m which, in the opinion of the Administration, gives equivalent
protection for the cargocscarried.
I

Cargo tank protection

8.1 Fixed deckfoam fire-extinguishing systems

8.t.1 For tankersof 20,000 tonnes deadweightand upwards, a fixed deck foam fire-extinguishing systenl
shallbe provided complying with the provisionsof the Fire SafetySystemsCode, except that, in lieu of the
above,tire Adminirttrliotl, ift.r having given considerationto the ship'sarrangementand equipment, mav
accept other fixed installations if they- afford protection equivalent to the abovc, in accordancewith
reguiation I/5. The requirementsfor alternativefixed installationsshall cornply witli the requirementsin
paragraph8.1.2.
8.1.2In accordancewith paragraph8.1.1, whcre the Administration acceptsan equivalentfixed installation
in lieu of the fixed deck foam fire-extinguishing system,the installation shall:
.t
be capableof extinguishingspill fires and alsoprecludeignition of spilled oil not yet ignited; and
.2

be capableof combating fires in ruptured tanks.

I\cfer to the Code of SafePracticefor Solid Buik Cargocs,enlergcncyschcduleB1,1,entry for coal, and to thc Lists of solid bulk
carlloesfor which a fixed gasfire-extinguishing systemis ineffective (MSC.1/Circ.1146).

162

oflrre
Part C; suppression
Regulation10
8.1.3Tankers of lessthan 20,000 tonnes deadweightshallbe provided with a deck foam fire-extinguishing
.'.\reln complying with the requirementsof the Fire SaferySystemsCode.
9

Protection of cargo pump-rooms in tankers

9.1 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems

: rch cargo pulnp-rooln shall be provided with otre of the following fixed fire-extinguishing systL'lns
..ratcdhom a riadily accessiblepbsition outside thc pump-room. Cargo pump-rooms shallbe provided
,.:th a systemsuitablefor machineryspacesof categoryA.
9.1.l A carbon dioxide fire-extinguishingsystemcomplying with the provisionsof the Fire SaferySystenrs
, '.1cand with thc following:
.1 the alarmsgiving audiblewarning of the releaseoffire-extinguishing rnedium shallbe safefor usc
in a flamrnablecargo vapour/air nixture; and
.2 a noticc shallbc cxhibited at the controls statingthat, due to the electrostaticignition hazard,thc
systemis to bc used only for fire cxtinguishing and not for inerting purposes.
Ll.2 A high-expansionfoan fire-extinguishing systcnrcomplyingwith the provisions of the Fire Safcty
\..:rcmS Cod., providcd that thc foam loncentrate supply is suitablefor cxtinguishing fircs invoiving tirc
,rgocscarrlecl.
9.1.3A fixed pressurcwater-sprayingfire-extinguishing systemcomplying with the provisions of the Firc
. ,ti rv Systenrs
Code.
9.2 Quantity oJfire-extinguishingmedium
I'here the fire-extinguishingmedium usedin thc cargopump-room systen is alsousedin systemsserving
:hcr spaccs,the quantiry oimedium providcd or its delivery rate nccd not be morc than the maximum
,.prired for the largestcompartment.
l0

Fire-fighter'soutfits

10.1 Typesoffire-fighter'sowtfits
, ::'c-fishter'soutfits shall cornply with the Fire SaferySystemsCode.
10.2 Number of fire-fi.ghter'soutfits
10.2.1Ships shall carry at leasttwo fire-fighter's outfits.
10.2.2In addition, in passengerships there shall be provided:
.1 for every B0 m, or part thereof, of the aggregateof the lengths of all passengerspacesand.serwice
or, if therc is morc than one suchdeck, on the dcck
on the deck which carricssuchspaces
spaces
two fire-fighter's outfits and, in addition, rwo
lengths,
such
of
largest
aggregate
which has the
items stipulatedin the Fire SaferySystcms
the
sct
comprising
each
sersof personalequiprnent,
Nvo additional fire-fighter's outfits
passengers,
36
more
than
carrying
Code. it-rp"s"ng.. thipr
enclosureswhich constitutc
stair:way
for
However,
zonc.
main
vertical
shallbe provided for .".h
fore or aft end of a ship
zones
in
the
vertical
main
for
the
and
individull main vertical zones
(12)
in regulation9.2.2.3,no
(8)
defined
(6),
(7),
or
categories
which do not contain spacesof
and
rcquired;
additional fire-fightcr's outfits are
for each pair of breathing apparatus,one water fog
on ships carrying more than 36 passengers,
.2
applicatorwhich shall be stored adjacentto such apparatus.
10.2.3In addition, in tankers,two firc-fighter's outfits shall be provided.
10.2.4The Administration rnay require additiorealsets of personal equipment and breathing apparatus,
n-ing due regard to the size and fype of the ship.
10.2.5Two sparechargesshallbe provided for eachrequired breathing apparatus.Passengershipscarrying
\)r more than 36 prir.ng"rt ,trd .rrgo ships that are equipped with suitably located means for fully

t63

- t'ireprotection,
extinction
detection,
ChapterII-2: Construction
Rcsulation11
rechargingthe air cylinders free from contamination need carry only one sparechargefor cach required
at leasttwo sparechargesfor eachbreathing
apparatus.In passengershipscarrying nlore than 36 passengers,
apparatusshall bc provided.
10.3 Storageof fire-fighter's outfits
10.3.1The fire-fighter's outfits or sets of personal equipment shall bc kept ready for use in an easilr'
acccssiblelocation that is pcrmanently and clcarly marked and, where morc than or-rcfirc-fiehter's outfit or
more than one set of personalequipment is carried, they shall be stored in widely separatedpositions.
ships,at leastfwo fire-fighter'soutfits and, in addition, one setofpersonalequiprnentshall
10.3.2In passcltger
be availablcat any onc position. At lcasttwo fire-fightcr'soutfits shallbe storcd in eachnrain vertical zone.

Regulation 11
inteqrity
Structttral
1

Purpose

The purpose of this regulation is to maintain structural integrity of the ship, preventing partial or wholc
collapseof th. ship structuresdue to strengthdeteriorationby heat. For this purposc,uraterialsuscd in thc
ships' strrrctureshall ensltrc that the structural integrity is not dcgradedduc to fire.
Material of hull, superstructures, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses
Thc hull, supcrstrllctures,structuralbulkheads,decksand deckhouscsshallbe constructedof steelor othcr
equivalentmiterial. For the purposeof applyingthe definition of steelor other equivalenttnaterialasgiven irr
"applicablefire exposure" shall be accordingto the integrity and insulation standards
regulation 3.43, the
arc
given in tables9.1 to9.4. For example,where divisionssuch as dccksor sidesand endsof deckhouses
"applicable
"B-0"
firc cxposure" shallbe half an l-rour.
fire intcgriry, the
permittcd to have
2

Structure of aluminium alloy

lJnlessothcrwise spccifiedin paragraph2, in cascswhere any part of thc structureis of alutniniurn al1oy,tl-rc
follorving shall apply:
"A"
"B"
or
classdivisions, except structllrc
.1
thc insulation of aluminium alloy conlponents of
shall be such that thc
is
non-load-bearing,
Administration,
which, in the opinion of the
the
ambient temperaturc
200'C
above
rise
more
than
not
renrperarureof the structuralcore does
and
firc
test;
to
the
standard
fire
exposure
at any time during the applicable
spccialattention shall be givcn to the insulation of aluminium alloy componerntsof columns.
stanchions and other structural members required to support lifeboat and lifcraft stowage.
"B"
"A"
and
classdivisions to ensure:
launching and embarkation areas,and
"A"
class divisions, thc
. 2 . 1 that for such n-rcmberssupporting lifcboat and lifcraft arcas and
end
of one hour; and
temperaturerise limitation specifiedin paragraph3.1 shall apply at the
"8"
classdivisions,the tempcraturerise limitation
that for such nrembersrequired to support
spccifiedin paragraph3.'l shall apply at the cnd of half an hour.
Machinery spacesof category A
4.1 Crowns and casings
Crowns and casingsof nrachineryspacesof categoryA shallbc of steelconstruction and shallbc insulatedas
requiredby tables9.5 and 9.7, as appropriate.
4.2 Floorplating
in machinery spacesof categoryA shall be rnade of steel.
The floor plating of nonnal passageways

r64

Part C: Suppression
oft'ire
Regulation11
5

Materials of overboard fittings

Materialsreadily renderedineflectiveby heat shall not be used for overboardscuppers,sanitarydischarges,

.rnd other outlets which are close to thc waterlinc and wherc the failurc of the matcrial in the event ofh..
rvould give rise to danger of flooding.
6

Protection of cargo tank structure against pressure or vacuum in tankers

6.1 Ceneral
The venting arrangemcntsshallbe so designedand opcratedas to cnsurethat neitl-rerprcssurenor vacuum
rn cargo tanks shall exceeddesign parametcrsand be such as to provide for:
.1

the flow of the smallvolumes ofvapour, air or inert gasmixtures causedby thermal variationsin
a cargo tank in all casesthrough pressure/vacuurn
valvcs;and

.2

the passageof large volurnes of vapour, air or inert gas mixtures during cargo loading and
ballasting,or during discharging.

6.2 Openingsfor smallJlow by thermal uariations

t)peningsfor pressurereleaserequiredby paragraph6.1.1 shall:
.1

haveasgreata hcight asis practicablcabovethc cargo tank deck to obtain maximunr dispersalof
flantmablevapours,but in no caselessthan 2 m above the cargo tank deck; and

.2

be arrangedat the furthest distancepracticable,but not lcssthan 5 rn, from the nearestair intakcs
and.openings-to-cnclosed
spacescontainingr sourccof ignition and fi-orndcck machincryand
equipment which may constitute an ignition hazard.Anchor windlassand chain locker openings
constitute an ignition hazard.

6.3 Sofety measuresin cargotanks

6.3.1Preuentiue
measures
againstliquid rising in the uentingsystem
I)rovisionsshall be made to guard againstliquid rising in the venting sysrcnl to r height which would
:sceed the designhead of cargo tanks.This shallbe accomplishedby high-level alarmsor overflow control
.\'stems or other equivalent means, together with independent gauging devices and cargo tank filling
:.rocedures.For the purposesof this regulation, spill valvesare not consideredequivalent to an ovcrflow
.\-5tem.

6.3.2Secondary
means
uacuumrelie;f
for pressuref
\ secondarymcans of allowing full flow relief of vapour, air or inert gas rnixtures shall bc provided to
prcvent over-prcssureor under-pressurein the event of failure of the arrangementsin paragraph6.1.2.
\lternatively, pressure sensorsmay be fitted in each tank protected by the arrangenlent required in
r:rragraph6.1.2,with a monitoring systemin the ship'scargo control room or the position fronr which
..rrgo operationsare normally carried out. Such monitoring equipment shall also provide an alann facility
''rhich is activatedby detection of over-pressurcor under-pressureconditions within a tank.
6.3.3Bypasses
in uent mains
I'ressure/vacuutnvalvesrequired by paragraph6.1.1 may be provided with a bypassarrangernentwhen they
'Where
.rrelocatedin a vent main or masthcadriser.
such an arrangenrentis provided therc shallbe suitable
rndicatorsto show whether thc bypassis open or closcd.
- breakingdeuic
6.3.4Pressurefuacuum
es
()ne or morc pressure/vacuum-brcaking
devicesshall bc provided to prevent thc cargo tanks from being
.trbject to:

.1

a positive pressure,in excessof the test pressureof the carlotank, if the cargowere to be loaded
at the maximum rated capaciryand all othcr outlets are left shut; and

.2

a negativepressurein excessof 700 mm water gaugeif the cargo were to be dischargedat the
maximum rated capacityof the cargo pumps and the inert gasblowers were to fail.

165

ChapterII-2: Construction
detection,
extinction
Jireprotection,
Regulation11
Such devicesshallbe installedon the inert gasmain unlessthey are installedin the venting systemrequired
by regulation 4.5.3.I or on individual cargo tanks. The location and design of the devices shailbe in
accordancewith regulation 4.5.3 and paragraph6.
6.4 Size of uent outlets
Vcn_toutlets_forcargo loading, dischargingand ballastingrequired by paragraph6.1.2 shall be designedon
the basisof the maximum designedloading rate multiplied by a factor ofat leist 1.25 to take account ofgas
evolution, in order to prevent the pressurein any cargo tank from exceedingthe design pressure.The
lnastershall be provided with information regardingthe maximum permissibleloading rate for each cargo
tank and, in the caseof combined venting systems,for each group of cargo tanks.

n
.\

T
*

t
A
f4

t
{

R,

.rI
I

2
zl
22
t
1r

r66

Part D: Escape
Regulation13

Part D
Escape
Regulation 12
\-otificationof crewandpassengers
I

Purpose

of a firc for safeevacuation.For this purpose,

I-hc purposeof this regulationis to notifii crcw and passcngers
, qeneralemergencyalarm systemand a public addresssysten shall be provided.
2

General emergency alarrr system

shall be used for notifying crew and

\ qeneralemergencyalarm systemrequired by regulation 11116.4.2
of a fire.
:r.lssengers
3

Public addresssystems in passengerships

\ public addresssystemor other effectivemeansof comrnunication complyng with the requirementsof

:'.'qulationIIV6.5 shall bc availablethroughout the accommodationand servicespacesand control stations
,nd open decks.

Regulation 13
\[t'ans of escape
I

Purpose

f he purposeof this regulationis to provide meansof escapeso that personson board can safelyand swiftly
- \cf,peto the lifeboat and liferaft embarkationdeck. For this purpose,the following functional requirements
.ir.r1lbc rnet:
.1

safeescaperoutes shall be provided;

.2

escaperoutes shall be maintained in a safecondition, clear of obstacles;and

additionalaidsfor escapcshallbe provided asnccessaryto ensureaccessibiliry,clcar marking, and
adequatedesign for emergencysituations.

.3

General requirements

2.1 lJnless expresslyprovided otherwisein this regulation,at leastrwo widely separatedand readymeans
't cscapeshall be provided from all spacesor groups of spaces.
2.2 Lifts shall not be consideredas forming one of the meansof escapeas required by this regulation.
3

Means of escapefrom control stations, accommodation spacesand service spaces

3.1 Generalrequirements
3.1.1Stair-waysand laddcrs shall be so arrangedas to provide ready means of escapeto the liGboat and
rtbraftembarkation deck from passenger.andcrew accommodation spacesand from spacesin which the
- rcw is normally employed, other than machinery spaces.
3.1.2Unless cxpresslyprovided othcrwise in this regulation, a corridor, lobby, or part of a corridor from
.i hich there is only one route of escapeshallbe prohibited. Dead-end corridors usedin setwiceareaswhich
,re necessaryfor the practicalutilify of the ship, such as fuel oil stationsand athwartshipsupply corridors,

167

- Jireprotection,
extinction
detection,
ChapterII-2: Construction
Regulation 13
areasand are
shall be permitted, provided such dead-end corridors are separatedfrom crew accommodation
exceeding
not
depth
has
a
that
a
corridor
part
of
a
Also,
irra.cerribl. from passengeraccommodationareas.
permitted.
is
and
its width is consideredJ recessor local extension
of steel frame
3.1.3All stairwaysin accommodation and service spacesand control stations shall be
material'
construction except where the Administration sanctionsthe use of other equivalent
from, or access
3.t.4 If a radiotelcgraphstation has no direct accessto the open deck, Nvo meansof es,c-ape
size or other
sufficient
of
window
or
a
porthole
be
io, the sration ,6"1t 6. provided, one of which may
nleansto the satisfactionof the Administration.
that:
3.1.5Doors in escaperoutes shall, in general,opcn in way of the direction of escape,except
the
individual cabin doors may open into the cabins in order to avoid injury to persons
.l
corridor when the door is opened; and
permit the
.2 doors in vertical emergencyescaperunks may open out of the trunk in order to
trunk to be used both for escapeand for access'
3.2 Means of escapein passengershipsbelowthe bulkheaddeck
3.2.1Escape
from spaces
be independent of
1.2.1.1 Below the bulkhead deck, two means of escape,at least one of which shall
or group
restricted
similarly
or
-space
watertight doors, shallbe provided from eachwatertighi compartment
spaces
escape-for-crew
of
neans
the
of
one
wilh
of ,p"cJr. Exceptionally,th. Admini-strationmaydispense
doors'
of
watertight
independent
is
route
that^are.r-rt.r"d only occasionally,if the required "t."p.
3.2'1'1, this
3.2.1.2 Where the Administration hasgranteddispensationunder the provisionsof paragraph
in clear
mm
than 800
sole meansof .r."p. ,h"f pro"id. ,"f.".r."p.. However, stairwaysshall not be less
width with handrailson both sidcs.
abouethe bulkheaddeck
3.2.2Escape
from spaces
main vertical zone or
Above the bulkhead deck there shall be at least Nvo means of escapefrom each
a stairwayforming a
similarly restrictedspaceor group of spaces,at leastone ofwhich shall give accessto
vertical escape.
3.2.3Directa(rcssto stairwaycnclosures
the corridors and be
Stairwayenclosuresin accommodationand servicespacesshallhave direct accessfrom
to use them in an
likely
persons
of
number
the
view
in
of a su{ficientareato prevent congestion,having
lockers of nontoilets,
public
only
enclosures,
Within t'fr. p..i-"tJr of-such stiirway
.-.rg.rr.y.
counters
information
open
and
equipme-nt
safery
combustible material pro.ridir.g storagefor non-haz"rdont
ro-ro
open
and
spaces
category
special
toilets,
public
,r. p.r-itted. Only public ,p"...r, Jorridors, lifts,
'2 '4 '1
3
paragraph
by
required
itairways
escape
other
can have"...rr,
,p".i., to which "ny pirr.nge rs carried_
or
corridors
Small
stairway.enclosures.
these
and external areas"'i. p.r"*i,red to have direct acccssto
,,lobbies"used to ,"p"."t. an enclosedstairwayfrom-galleys,ormain laundriesmay havedirect accessto the
contain a
provided they have a minimum deck area of-4.5m2, a width of no lessthan 900 mm and
,;;;y
fire hose station.
3.2.4Detaik o-fmeansoJescaPe
consistof a readily
1.2.4.1 At leastone of the meansof escaperequiredby paragraphs3.2.1.1 and 3.2.2 shall
its originto the
of
level
the
from
accessibleenclosedri"i.*"y, which shali provid".otriitrrois ire shclter
embarkation
the
if
deck
weather
"ppropri"t" lifeboat and lifeiaft embarkation decks, or to the uppermost
to the
access
direct
case,
latter
deck does not extend to the main vertical zone being consid.ied. In the
have
shall
and
provided
be
shall
embarkarion deck bf -"y' of external cipen stairways*and passlggwals
Boundaries
underfoot.
sufaces
emergency lighting in ,..o.d"nce with iegulation itrytt.S^anaihp-fte.
boundaries in such a
facin!' ."tlrnil opJn stairwaysand p"rr"g.#"y, forming part of att es."p. route and
ships (MSC.1/Circ.1238)'
Rcfer to the Guidelines for evacuarionanaiysisfor new and existing passenger

168

PartD: Escape
Regulation13
position that their failure during a fire would impede escape to the embarkation deck shall have fire
integriry, including insulation values,in accordancewith tables9.1 to 9.4, as appropriate.
3.2.4.2 Protection of accessfrom the stairwayenclosuresto the lifeboat and liferaft embarkationareasshall
be provided either directly or through protected internal routes which have fire integrity and insulation
valuesfor stairwayenclosuresas determined by tables9.1 to 9.4, as appropriate.
3.2.4.3 Stairwaysservingonly a spaceand a balcony in that spaceshall not be consideredasforming one of
the required meansof escape.
3.2.4.4 Each level within an atrium shallhave f\,vomeansof escape,one ofwhich shallgive direct accessto
an enclosedvertical meansof escapemeeting the requirementsof paragraph3.2.4.1.
3.2.4.5 The widths, number and continuity of escapesshallbe in accordancewith the requirementsin the
Fire SafetySystemsCode.
routes
3.2.5Marking of escape
3.2.5.1 In addition to the emergencylighting required by regulationsll-1,142and III/11.5, the means of
including stairwaysand exits, shall be marked by lighting or photoluminescent strip indicators
e-scape,
placed not more than 300 mm above the deck at all points of the escaPeroute, including anglesand
to identiSr the routes of escapeand readily identify the
intersections.The marking must enablepassengers
of power and rt
escapeexits. If electric illumination is used, it shall be suppliedby the emergencysource_
.hali be so arrangedthat the failure of any single light or cut in a lighting strip will not result in the marking
being ineflectiv;. Additionally, escaperoute signs and fire equipment location markings_shall be of
photoluminescent material or marked by lighting. The Administration shall ensure that such lighting or
photoluminescent equipment has been evaluated,tested and applied in accordancewith the Fire SaGry
SystemsCode.
the requirementsof the paragraph3.2.5.1 shall
3.2.5.2 In passengershipscarrying more than36 passengers,
.rlsoapply to the crew accommodation areas.
3.2.6Normally lockeddoorsthatform part of an esruperoute
3.2.6.1 Cabin and stateroomdoors shall not require keys to unlock them from inside the room. Neither
shall there be any doors along any designatedescaperoute which require keys to unlock them when
rnoving in the direction of escape.
3.2.6.2 Escapedoors from public spacesthat are normally latched shall be fitted with a means of qrrick
release.Such meansshallconsistof Jdoor-latching mcchanismincorporating a devicethat releasesthe latch
upon the applicationof a force in the direction of escapeflow. Quick releasemechanismsshallbe designec
.rnd installedto the satisfactionof the Administration and, in particular:
.l
consist of bars or panels,the actuatingportion of which extendsacrossat leastone half of the
width of the doofleaf, at least760 mm and not more than 1.,1.20mm above the deck;
.2
.3

causethe latch to releasewhen a force not exceeding67 N is applied; and

not be equipped with any locking device, set screw or other arrangementthat prevents the
releaseof the latch when pressureis applied to the releasingdevice.

3.3 Means of escapein cargoships

3.3.1General
At all levelsof accommodationthere shall be provided at leasttwo widely separatedmeansof escapefrom
cach restrictedspaceor group of spaces.
.
3.3.2Escapefrom spacesbelowthe lowestopendeck
Below the lowest open deck the main meansof escapeshall be a stairwayand the secondescapemay be a
rrunk or a stairway.

r69

- t'ireprotection,
extinction
detection,
ChapterII-2: Construction
13
Regulation
abouethe lowestopendeck
3.3.3Escape
Jrom spaces
Above the lowest open deck the means of escapeshall be stairwaysor doors to an open deck or a
combination thereof.
3.3.4Dead-endcorridors
No dead-end corridors having a length of more than 7 m shali be acceptcd.
routes
3.3.5 Width and cttntinuityof escape
The width, number and continuiry of escaperoutes shall be in accordancewith the requirementsin the
Fire SaferySystemsCode.
3.3.6Dispensation
from two meansof escape
crcw spacesthat are
Exceptionally, the Administration may dispensewith one of the ncans of escape,_for
doors.
watertight
.nt.rid only occasionally,if the required escaperoute is independent of
3.4 Emergencyescapebreathingdevices
3.4.1Emergency escapebreathing devices shall comply with the Fire Safery Systems Code. Spare
emergencyescapebreathing devicesshall be kept on board.
3.4.2All ships shall c^rry at leastrwo cmergencycscapebreathing deviceswithin accotnmodationspaces.
3.4.3In all passengerships,at leastf\,vo emergencyescapebreathing devicesshall be carried in each main
vertical zone.
t\tvo emergencyescapebreathing devices,in
3.4.4In all passengershipscarrying rnore than 36 passengers,
in each main vertical zone.
be
carried
shall
3.4.3
above,
in
paragraph
lequired
addition to those
3.4.5However, paragraphs3.4.3 and 3.4.4 do not apply to staitwayenclosureswhich constitute individual
main vertical zonesitrd to the main vertical zones in the fore or aft end of a ship which do not contain
spacesof categories(6), (7), (B) or (12) as definedin regulation9.2.2.3.
4

Means of escapefrom machinery spaces

4.1 Means of escapeon passengerships

Mcans of escapefrom cach machinery spacein passengershipsshall comply with thc following provisionsbelowthe bulkheaddeck
4.1.1Escape
Jrom spaces
Where the spaceis bclow the bulkhead deck, the two mcans of escapeshall consist of either:
.1 Nvo sersof steelladders,aswidely separatedaspossible,leading to doors in the upper part of the
space,similarly separatedand from which accessis provided to the appropriatelifeboat and
liferaft embarkationdecks.One of theseladdersshallbe locatcdwithin a protectedenclosurethat
sarisfiesregulation 9.2.2.3, category(2), or regulation 9.2.2.4, category(4), asappropriate,from
the lower part of the spaceit servesto a safeposition outside the space.Seltclosing fire doors of
shallbe fitted in the enclosure.The ladder shallbe fixed in such
the samefire integrity .standards
into the cnclosure through non-insulated fixing points. The
is
not
transGrred
heat
a way that
intcrnal dimensions of at least fl00 mm x 800 mm,
have
minimum
shall
enclosure
protected
provisions;
or
lighting
have
emergency
and shall
.2 one sreelladderleadingto a door in the upperpart of thc spacefrom which accessis providcd to the
embarkationdeck and additionally,in the lower part of the spaceand in a position well separated
from the ladder referred to, a steel door capableof being operatedfrom each side and which
providesaccessto a safeescaperoute from the lower part of the spaceto the embarkationdeck.
abouethe bulkhead'deck
4.1.2Escape
from spaces
Where the spaceis above the bulkhead deck, the two means of escapeshall be as widely separatedas
be in a position from which accessis
possibleand the doors leading from such means of escapeshall'Where
such meansof escaperequire the
decks.
provided to the appropriatelifbboat and liferaft embarkation
use of ladders,these shall be of steel.

t70

Part D: Escape
Regulation 13

| 1.3Dispensation
from two meansof escape
.r ship of less than 1,000 gross tonnage, the Administration may dispensewith. one of the means of
.,.,;.,.,hr. regard being paii to rhc wiJth and disposition of the upper part of the spacc-ln a ship of
l( ) grosstonnageand"a6orre,the Administration may dispensewith one meansof escapefrom any such
,- ,;c. including a-nor-ally unattendedauxiliary machineryspace,so long aseither a door or a steelladder
, ,r,iclcsa ,"fe".r.ap. r.o.ri. to the embarkation deck, duc regardbeing paid to the nature and location of
. - \pacc and whether personsare nonnally employcd in that space.In thc stecring_gcarspace,a scc.ond
-.,16of .r."pe shallbe provided when the emergencysteeringposition is locatedin that spaceunlessthere
-irrectaccessto the oPen deck.
controlrooms
machinery
11.4 Escapefrom
. ...tr 'reans of escapeshallbe provided from a machinery control room locatedwithin a machinery space,
. .elsr one of whiih will provide continuous fi.reshelterto a saGposition outside the machinery space.
| 2 Means of escapeon cargoshiPs
,.,.,..rr.rs
of escapefrom each machinery spacein cargo ships shall comply with the following provisions.
A
o;fcategory
12.1 Escapefrommachineryspdces
provided from eachmachinery spacco1
i ..;cpr asprovided in paragraph4.2.2, nvo mcansof escapeshall_be
with:
complied
be
:.Sory A. Ir. parti.nir., or. of the following provisions shall
rwo setsof sreelladders,aswidely separatedaspossible,leadingto doors in the 9pp:t part^ofthc
.l
space,similar\ separatedand from which "c..tt is provided to the open dcck. One of thcse
laddersshallbe locatedwithin a protected enclosurethat satisfiesregulation9.2'3.3, category(4),
it servesto a safeposition outside the space-Self-closing fire
from the lower part of the spac-e
doors of the ,r-. fir. integriry standardsshallbe fined in the enclosure.The ladder shallbe fixed
in such a way rhat heat is iot transferrcdinto thc enclosurcthrough non-insulatcdfixing pgiltl:
The enclosuieshallhave minimum internal dimensionsofat least800 mm x 800 mm, and shalhave emergencylighting provisions; or
.2 one steelladdcr leadingto a door in the upper part of thc spaccfromwhich accessis provided to
rhe open deck and, ad?itionally, in the lower part of the Jpaceand.in a position well separated
from the ladder referred to, a steel door capaLleof being operatedfrom each side and which
provides accessto a saG escaperoute from the lower part of the spaccto thc open deck.
1.2.2Dispensation
from two meansof escape
.r ship of lessthan 1,000 grosstonnage,the Administration may dispens._*-t.thone.of the meansof escape
- - .1,,ire'd
under paragraph4"2.1.,dur'r."gardbeing paid to the dimension and dispositionof the upper part.of
. r.: ,p.... tn adiitioin, ih. -"rn, of erJapefrom machinery_spaces
of categoryA need not comply with the
--.1,,i'rement
.1'.In the steeringgear space,a sec-ond
for an enclosedfire sheltei listed in paragraph-4.2.1
is locatedin that spaceunlessthere
position
, .1.,.,,of .r.ape shallbe provided when the .-.tg*.yite.ritrg
. Jircct accessto thc oPcn deck.
A
otherthan thoseof category
machineryspdces
1.2.3Escape;from
i :,rn machinery spacesother than those of categoryA, tr;voescaperoutes shall be provided except that a
.::rgleescaperoute may be acceptedfor spacestliat are enteredonly occasionallyand for spaceswhere thc
distanceto the door is 5 m or less.
:r.r-ximum-travel
4.3 Emergencyescapebreathingdeuices
4.3.1On all ships,within the machinery spaces,emgrgengyescapeb.reathingdevicesshallbe situatedready
. )r useat casilyvisible places,which ."n b. rcachcdq"l.t iy and casilyat,anl time ir-rthe cvent of firc. The
breathing devicesshalftake into account the layout of thc machinery space
,eation of emergency'escape
.:rclthe number of p.rronJtto.ttrally working in the spaces'*
devices(MSC/Circ'849)'
l{efer to thc Guidelines for the performance,location, use and care of emergencyescapebrcathing

171

. J

ChapterII-2: Construction
Jire protection,detection,extinction
Regulation13

4.3.2The number and location of these devices shall be indicated in the fire control plan required
regulation 15.2.4.
4.3.3Emergcncy escapebreathing devicesshall comply with the Fire SafetySystemsCode.
Means of escapeon passengerships from special category and open ro-ro spaces
to which any passengerscarried can have access
5.1 In specialcategoryand open ro-ro spacesto which any passengers
carriedcan haveaccess,the number
and locationsof the meansof escapeboth below and abovethe bulkheaddeck shallbe to the satisfaction
of thc
Administrationand, in gencral,the saGryof accessto the embarkationdeck shallbc at leastequivalentto that
providedfor under paragraphs
3.2.1,.I,3.2.2,3.2.4.1and 3.2.1.2.Such spacesshall be providedsrrh
designatedwalkwaysto the meansof escapewith a breadthof at least600 mm. The parking arrangemenrs
tb,r
the vehicles shall maintain the walkways clcar at all timcs.
5.2 One of the escaperoutes from the machinery spaceswhere the crew is normally employed shallavoid
direct accessto any specialcategoryspace.
Means of escapefrom ro-ro spaces
At leastf\,vomeansof escapeshallbe provided in ro-ro spaceswhcrc the crew are normally employcd. The
escaperoutes shallprovide a safeescapcto the lifeboat and liGraft embarkationdecksand shallbe locatedat
the fore and aft ends of the space.
7
Additional requirements for ro-ro passengerships
7.1 General
7.1.1Escaperoutes shall be provided from every normally occupicd spaceon the ship to an assembls
station.Theseescaperoutes shallbe arrangedso asto provide the most direct route possibleto the assemblv
station,* and shall be marked with symbolsbasedon the guidelinesdevelopedby the Organization.t
7.1.2The escaperoutc from cabins to stairwayenclosuresshall be as dircct as possiblc,with a minimunr
number of changesin direction. It shall not be necessaryto crossfrom one side of the ship to the other to
reachan escaperoute. It shallnot be necessaryto climb more than rwo decksup or down in order to reach
an assemblystation or open deck from any passcngerspace.
7.1.3External routes shall be provided from open decks, as referred to in paragraph7.l.2, to the survival
craft embarkationstations.
7.1.4Where enclosedspaccsadjoin an open dcck, openingsfrom the enclosedspaccto the open dcck shall.
where practicable,be capableof being used as an emergencyexit.
'With
7.1.5Escaperoutes shallnot be obstructedby furniturc and other obstructions.
the exccption of tablcs
and chairs which may be clearedto provide open space,cabinetsand other hearl' furnishings in public
spacesand along escaperoutes shall be securedin place to prevent shifting if the ship rolls or lists. Floor
coveringsshall also be securedin place.When the ship is under way, escaperoutes shall be kept clear of
obstructions such as cleaningcarts,bedding, luggageand boxes of goods.
7.2 Instructionfor safeescape
7.2.1Decks shallbe sequentiallynumbcred, startingwith "1" at the tank top or lowest deck. Thc numbers
shall be prominently displayedat stair landings and lift lobbies. Decks may also be named, but the deck
number shall alwaysbe displayedwith the name.
7.2.2Simple "mimic" plans showing the "you are here" position and escaperoutes marked by arrows shall
be prominently displayedon the inside of each cabin door and in public spaces.The plan shall show the
directions of escapeand shall be properly oriented in relation to its position on the ship.
Refer to Indication of the assemblystationsin passcngcrships (MSC/Circ.777).
r Refer to Symbols related to life-saving appliancesand arrangernentsadopted by thc
Organization by resolurion A.760(18), as
amended by resolution MSC.82(70).

t72

Part D: Escape
Regulation13

73

Strengthof handrailsand corridors

7 3.1 Handrailsor other handholdsshallbe provided in corridors along the entire escaperoute so that a firm
:r,-'lholdis availablcat evcry step of the way, where possiblc,to thc assemblystationsand embarkation
- ,iieps. Such handrailsshallbe piovided on both sidesof longitudinal corridors more than 1.8 m in width
::l rransversecorridors more thin 1 m in width. Particularattention shallbe paid to the need to be able to
- ,.s lobbics, atriums and other large open spacesalong escaperoutes. Handrailsand othcr handholdsshall
. ,rf such srrengthasto withstand a diitribulcd horizontal load of 750 N/m applied_inthe direction of the
.:rrre of the clrridor or space,and a distributed vertical load of 750 N/m applied in the downward
'::rction. The two loads need not be applied simultaneously.
7 3.2 The lowesr 0.5 m ofbulkheads and other partitions forming vertical divisionsalong escaperoutesshall
- .rbleto sustaina load of750 N/m to allow them to be usedaswalking sufacesfrom the sideofthe escape
- :rtc with the ship at large anglesof heel.
t4

Euacuationanalysis*

The analysisshall be
: .i.rpe routes shall be evaluatedby an evacuationanalysisearly in the designproce-ss.
an abandonment,
during
may
develop
which
congcstion
.-'.1ro identifir and eliminatc, asfar aspracticable,
that crew
possibiliry
includingthe
routes,
escape
along
crew
of passengeisand
:.:. ro norm"i-orr"-.nt
In
addition,
passengers.
of
movement
to
the
opposite
,.1.leed to move along theserout; in a direction
. .. llalysis shallbe.rr"Jto dcmonstratethat escapearrangementsare sufficientlyflexiblc to provide for the
:- ,.sibiliry that certain escaperoures, assemblystitions, embarkation stationsor survival craft may not be
rilableas a result of a casualry.

Refer to thc Guidelines for evacuationanalysisfor new and existing passcngerships (MSC.1/Circ.1238).

173

ChapterII-2: Construction- Jire protection,detection,extinction

Rcgulation 14

Part E
requirements
Operational
Regulation 14
Operationalreadiness
and mdintenance
1

Purpose

The purpose of this regulation is to maintain and monitor the eflectivenessof tl-refire saferymeasurcsthe
ship is provided with. For this purposc, thc following functiorral requirementsshall be met:
.1

fire-protection systemsand fire-fightins systensand appiiancesshallbe maintainedreadyfor use;

ancl

.2

fire protection systernsand fire-fighting systcrxsand appliancesshaii be properly tested and

lnspectccl.

General requirements

At all times while the ship is in service,the requirementsof paragraph1.1 shallbe cornpliedwith. A ship is
not in servicewhen:
.1

it is in for rcpairsor lay-up (eitherat anchor or in port) or in dry-dock;

.2

it is dcclarednot in serviceby the owlrer or the owner's representative;and

in the caseof passengcrships,thcrc arc no passcnllcrson board.

.3

2.1 Operationalreadiness
2.1.1Thc following firc protcction systenrsshal1be kept in good order so as to cnsurc thcir rcquired
performanceif a fire occurs:
,t
structural fire protection, including fi.re-resistingdivisions, and protection of openings and
in thcsc divisions,
pcr.rctrations
.2 fire dctcction and fire alarm systens;rnd
.3 meansof cscapcsysternsand appliances.
2.1.2Firc-fighting systcmsand applianccsshall bc kcpt in good working order and readily availablefor
imnrediate use. Portablc extinguisherswhich have been dischargedshall be imrnediately recharged or
rcplacedwith an equivalentunit.
2.2 Maintenance,testingand inspections
2.2.1Maintenance, testing and inspectionsshall be carried out basedon the guidelines developcdby the
C)rganization*and in a nranner having duc regard to cnsuring the reliabiliry of fire-fighting systerls and
apprlances.
2.2.2Thc maintcnanceplan shall bc kcpt on board the ship and shall be available{br inspection whenever
requiredby the Administretiorr.
2.2.3The maintenanceplan shall include at least the following fire protection systemsand fire-fighting
systernsand applianccs,whcrc installcd:
.1
.2

fire mains, fire purnps and hydrants, including hoses, nozzlcs and intcrnational shore
connections;
fixed fire detection and fire alarm svstems;

l\cti'r to thc Guidclines on tnaintcnanccand inspcction of firc protcction systenrsand applianccs(MSC/Circ.850).

174

requirements
Part E: Operational
Regulation15

.3
.4
.5

fixed fire-extinguishing systemsand other fire-extinguishing appliances;

automatic sprinkler, {ire detection and fire alarm systems;
vcntilation systems,including fire and smoke darnpers,fans and their controls;

emergencyshutdown of fuel supply;

.7 fire doors, including their controls;
.8 gencral emergencyalarm systems;
.g emergencyescapebreathing devices;
.10 portable fi.reextinguishers,including sparcchargcs;and
.t 1 fire-fighter's outfits.

.6

2.2.4The maintenanceprogramme may be computer-based.

3

Additional requirements for passengerships

In addition to the firc protecion systcmsand applianceslistcd in paragraph2.2.3, shipscarrying more than
shall develop a maintenanceplan for low-location lighting and public addresssystems.
-16passengers
4

Additional requirements for tankers

In addition to the firc protection systemsand applianceslisted in paragraph2.2.3, tankers shall havc a
l)laintenanccplan ltor:
.1

inert gas systems;

.2

deck foam systems;

.3

in cargopump-rooms: and
fire saferyarrangements

.4

flammable gasdetectors.

Regulation 15
on-boardtrainingand drills
lnstructions,
1

Purpose

The purpose of this regulation is to mitigate thc consequences,offirc by mcans of proper instructions for
raining ind drills ofpeisons on board in correct proceduresunder emergencyconditions. For this purpose,
rhe crei.vshall have the necessaryknowledge and skills to handle fire emergencycases,including passenger
care.
2

General requirements

2.1 Instructions,dutiesand organization

2.1.1Crew members shall receive instruction on firc saferyon board thc ship.
2.1.2 Crew members shall receiveinstructions on their assignedduties.
2.1.3partics responsiblcfor firc exringuishingshall bc organized.These partiesshall have the capabiliryto
complete their duties at all times while the ship is in service.
2.2 On-board training and dills
2.2.1Crew membersshallbe trained to be familiar with the arrangementsof the ship aswell asthe location
that they may be called upon to use.
and operation of any fire-fighting systemsand appliar-rces
Z.Z.ZTraining in the use of the emergencyescapebreathing devicesshallbe consideredaspart of on-board
training.

175

ChapterII-2: Construction
detectiln,extinction
t'ireprotection,
Regulation15
2.2.3 Performance of crew members assigned fire-fighting duties shall be periodically evaluated by
cond^uctingon-board training and drills to identify areasin need of improvement, to ensurecompetcncyin
fire-fighting skills is maintained, and to ensurethe operationalreadinessof the fire-fighting organization.
2'2'4 On-board training in the use of the ship'sfire-extinguishing systemsand appliancesshall be planned
and conducted in accordancewith the provisions of regulationlIIl19.4.1.
2'2.5 Ffte drills shall be conducted and recorded in accordancewith the provisions of regulationsIII/19.3
and III/19.5.

2.3

Training manuals

2'1'1 A training manual shall bc provided in each crcw messroom and recreationroom or in each creu
caDln.

2.3.2The training manual shall be writrcn in the working languageof the ship.
2'3'3 The training manual, which may comprise severalvolumes, shall contain the instructions and
information rcquired in paragraph2.3.4 in easilyunderstood terms and illustratedwherever possible. Anr.
part of such information rnay be provided in the form of audio-visualaids in lieu of the manual.
2.3.4The training manual shall cxplain the following in detail:
.1

generalfire saGtypracticeand precautionsrelatedto the dangersof smoking, electricalhazards.

flarnmableliquids and similar cornmon shipboardhazards;

.2

generalinstructions on fire-fighting activitiesand fire-fighting procedurcs,including procedurcs

for notification of a fire and use of manuallv operatedcall ooints:

.3

meaningsof the ship's alarrns;

.4

operation and use of fire-fighting systemsand appliances;

.5

operation and use of fire doors;

.6

operation and use of fire and smoke dampers;and

.7

escapesystemsand appliances.

2.4 Fire controlplans*

2,4.1General arrangementplans shall be perrnanently exhibited for the guidance of the ship's oftrcers.
showing clearlyfor eachdeck the control stations,the various fire sectionsenclosedby "A" classdivisions.
the sectionsenclosedby "8" classdivisions together with particularsof the firc detection and fire alanl
systems, the sprinkler installation, the fire-extinguishing appliances, means of access to differenr
c.ompartments,decks, etc., and the ventilating system,including particularsof the fan control positions.
the position of dampers and identification numbers of the ventilating fans serving each section.
Alternatively, at the discretion of the Administration, the aforementioned details may be set out in a
booklet, a copy of which shall be supplied to each ofTicer,and one copy shall at all times be availableon
board in an accessibleposition. Plansand booklets shall be kept up to date; any alterationsrhereto shall bc
recordedas soon as.practicable.
Descnption in suchplansand booklets shallbe in the languagcor languagcs
required by the Administration. If the languageis neither English nor French, a translationinto one-of
those languagesshall be included.
2.4.2A duplicateset of fire control plansor a bookiet containingsuch piansshallbe perrnanentlysroredin a
promrnentlymarkedweathertightenclosureoutsidethe deckhousefor the assistance
of shore-sidefire-fightins
t
oersonnel.
Rcfcr to Clraphicalsymbols for shipboardfire control plans, adopted by the Or:ganizationby resolution A.952(23).
l Re{br to the Guidancc concerning the location of fire control plans for
assistanceof shoresidcfire-fighting personnel (MSC
Circ.'151).

176

requirements
PartE: Operational
Regulation16

Additional requirements for passengerships

3.1 Fire drills

ln addition to the requirement of paragraph2.2.3, fire drills shall be conducted in accordancewitlr thc
and movement of passengers
provisionsof regulation IIV30, having due iegard to notification of passengers
to assemblystationsand embarkation decks.
3.2 Fire controlplans
In ships carrying more than 36 passengers,plans and booklets required by- this regulation shall provrde
information i.g;rai"g fire proteciion, fire deiection and fire extinction basedon the guidelinesdeveloped
by the Organization."

Regulation 16
Operations
1

Purpose

The purposeof this regulationis to provide information and instructio-nsfor proper ship and cargo.handling
,rp.."tio6 in relation to fire safety.For this purpose, the following functional requiretnentsshall be nret
.1 fire saferyoperationalbooklets shall be provided on board; and
.2
2

flammablevapour releasesfrom cargo tank venting shall bc controllccl.

Fire safety operational booklets

2.1 The required fire safetyoperationalbooklet shall contain the necessaryinformation and instructions
tor the saGoiperationof the'ship and cargo handling operationsin relation to fire safety.The booklet shall
rpclude infonlation concerning the criv's ..rpo^ibilities for the general fire saGty of the_ship while
loading and discharging cargo ".rd *hil. under way. Necessaryfire safetyplgcagtions for handling general
."rgo.i shall be e*pi"iried. For ships carrying dangerousgoods and flammable bulk cargoes,the fire safery
opJrational booklei shall also provide referen-ceto th. pertinent-fire-fighting and emergency cargo handling
rristructions contained in the Code of Safe Practici for Solid Bulk Cargoes, the International Bulk
Chemical Code, the International Gas Carrier Code and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods
Code. as appropriate.
2.2 The fire saGtyoperationalbooklet shallbe provided in each crew messroom and recreationroom or
in each crew cabin.
Z.l

The fire saferyoperational booklet shall be written in the working language of the ship.

2.4 The fire safety operational booklet may be combined with the training manuals required in regularion 15.2.3.
3

Additional requirements for tankers

3 . 1 General
fhe fire saferyoperationalbooklet referred to in paragraph2 shall include provisions for preveuting fire
.pread to the'."[o areadue to ignition of flammible vapours and include proceduresof cargo tank gasin patagtaph3.2.
;'urging and/or gis-freeing, taking into account the provisions
3.2 Procedures
for cargotank purging andfor gas-freeing
shallfirst be purged_inaccordance
3.2.1When the ship is prbvided with air inert gassystem,the cargo_tanks
ri.ith the provisioni ofiegulation4.5.6 until the concentration of hydrocarbon vapoursin the cargo tanks
'

l{eGr to the Guidelines on rhe information to be provided with fire control plans and bookiets required by SOLAS regulations
ll-2120 and 41-2, adopted by the Organization by resoiution A.756(18)'

177

- Jireprotection,
extinction
detection,
ChapterII-2: Construction
Resulation16
ing may take placeat the cargo tank deck
hasbcen reducedto lessthan 2o/oby volume. Thereafter,gas-free
1evel.
3.2.2When the ship is not provided with an inert gassystem,the operation shallbe such that the flammable
vapour is dischargcdinitially through:
.l

the vent outletsas specifiedin regulation4.5.3.4;

.2

oudetsat least2 m abovethe cargotank deck levcl with a vertical efflux velocity of at least30 m/s
maintained during the gas-freeingoperation; or
outlets at least 2 m above the cargo tank deck level wrth a vertical efilux velociry of at least 20 m/s
and which are protected by suitable devices to prevent the passageof flame.

3.2.3 The above outlets shall be located not less than 10 m, measured horizontally, from the nearest air
intakes and openings to enclosed spacescontaining a source of ignition and from deck machinery, which
may include anchor windlass and chain locker openings, and equipment which may constitute an ignition
hazard.
3.2.4 When the flammable vapour concentration at the outlet has been reduced to 30o/o of the lower
flammable limit, gas-freeing may be continued at cargo tank deck level.

178