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GRAMMAR AND TEXTS

Mdulo 19 Text
1.

O excerto abaixo foi adaptado do conto True Love de

Isaac Asimov.

My name is Joe. That is what my colleague, Milton

Davidson, calls me. He is a programmer and I am a
computer. I am Miltons experimental model. His Joe.
Milton has never married, though he is nearly 40 years old.
He has never found the right woman, he told me. One day he
said, Ill find her yet, Joe. Im going to find the best. Im
going to have true love and youre going to help me. Im
tired of improving you in order to solve the problems of the
world. Solve my problem. Find me true love.s
(T. Kral (org.), Being People An Anthology.
Washington, D.C.: USIA, s/d, p. 183.)
a)

2.
a) Que hbito a campanha descrita no texto pretende incentivar?
b) Segundo o texto, em quanto esse hbito pode reduzir as
taxas de mortalidade?
RESOLUO:
a) A campanha pretende incentivar o hbito de se lavar as
mos com sabo (sabonete), antes de comer e depois de
usar o toalete.
b) Esse hbito pode reduzir em quase 50% as mortes por
diarreia e em aproximadamente 25% as mortes por
infeces respiratrias severas.

Mdulo 21 Text

Do que Milton Davidson est cansado?

b) Por que Milton Davidson no se casou e o que ele espera

que Joe faa por ele?
RESOLUO:
a) Milton Davidson est cansado de aperfeioar o computador (Joe) a fim de resolver os problemas do mundo.
b) Milton Davidson no se casou por no ter encontrado a
mulher certa. Ele espera que Joe resolva seu problema,
encontrando seu amor verdadeiro.
(Adaptado de http://www.postgazette.com/robrogers/Default.asp?m=5&d=31&y=2005.
Acessado em 21/09/2009.)

Mdulo 20 Text
Global
Handwashing Day
October 15, 2009
Although people around the world wash their hands with
water, very few wash their hands with soap at critical moments.
Global Handwashing Day will be the centerpiece of a week of
activities that will mobilize millions of people across five
continents to turn handwashing with soap before eating and
after using the toilet into an ingrained habit. This could save
more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention,
cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from
acute respiratory infections by about a quarter.
(Adaptado de
http://www.globalhandwashingday.org/Global_Handwashing_
Day_2nd_Edition.pdf. Acessado em 16/07/2009.)

3.
a)

A terceirizao de empregos fonte de preocupao de um

dos personagens do cartum. Identifique dois outros
problemas do mundo real apontados pelos personagens.

b) Na quarta fala, a palavra real utilizada como um

advrbio para enfatizar a reao do personagem face aos
problemas apontados. Qual essa reao?
RESOLUO:
a) Outros problemas apontados pelos personagens so: os
altos custos de moradia e planos de sade e a perda real
das aposentadorias.
b) O personagem reage afirmando que est realmente
tentado a permanecer na escola, em vez de enfrentar o
mundo real.

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Mdulo 22 Text

Mdulo 24 Text
AID WITH LESS BAGGAGE

Cocooning
Cocooning describes a phenomenon whereby people will
want to stay inside the safety and comfort of their homes in
gated communities. This is partially due to the constant
circulation of frightening images in the mass media. Thus,
people will do more from their homes; they will spend more
money to make their homes comfortable and complete. As a
result, jobs related to home entertainment systems and home
remodeling will abound.
(Adaptado de http://www.careerplanner.com/CareerArticles/Hot_Jobs.cfm#HotJobs.
Acessado em 18/10/2009.)
4.
a) A que fenmeno se refere o termo cocooning?
b) A que se deve esse fenmeno, segundo o autor do texto?
RESOLUO:
a) O termo cocooning refere-se ao fenmeno em que as
pessoas preferem permanecer na segurana e conforto
de seus lares em comunidades fechadas.
b) Esse fenmeno deve-se constante circulao de imagens assustadoras nos meios de comunicao de massa.

Mdulo 23 Grammar Passive Voice

5.

6.

Com base no texto I, responda s questes 11 e 12 em portugus

e questo 13 em ingls.

Jim is going to paint the wall.

11. No que diz respeito maneira como a ajuda humanitria

internacional implementada, explicite:
a) o procedimento convencional;
b) o procedimento inovador.
RESOLUO:
a) O procedimento convencional a distribuio de bens
de primeira necessidade.
b) O procedimento inovador a ajuda em dinheiro.

Mr. Dawson eats avocado with sugar.

The police have arrested many thieves.

Many thieves have been arrested by the police.

9.

(Newsweek, June 11, 2007: 35.)

Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

Avocado is eaten with sugar by Mr. Dawson.

8.

he last thing youd probably expect to see a

Malawian drought victim do is whip out her ATM
card and pull cash out of a machine. But thats
exactly how some aid recipients in this beleaguered African
nation now receive their monthly entitlements. []
5
Its a novel development idea thats catching on
around the world. Until recently, most of the worlds relief
aid came in the form of material goods like food, water,
blankets, medicines or building materials, delivered by
international staff that parachute into disaster areas, or 10
local NGOs funded by rich donors. But in recent years, as
the nonprofit world increasingly come under fire for
inefficiency, mismanagement and even corruption, there
has been a push for new strategies. Cash aid, which has
been delivered to about 100,000 aid recipients in
countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Ethiopia via
pilot programs, is one of them.
The idea behind cash aid is to cut the cost of aid
delivery, reduce opportunities for corruption and theft of
goods, and empower aid recipients by giving them more
control over their own well-being. []

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

The wall is going to be painted by Jim.

7.

By Silvia Spring

People say that she is rich.

Its said that she is rich.
She is said to be rich.

10. John sent Sheila many flowers.

12. Cite dois problemas que esse novo procedimento visa evitar.
RESOLUO:
Dois dentre os seguintes:
os custos de transporte de mercadorias
corrupo por parte dos gestores
roubo de mercadorias
ineficincia das ONGs
m gesto na conduo da ajuda
13. Transcreva do texto os termos que foram substitudos por:
a) their (linha 5);
b) them (linha 17).

Many flowers were sent to Sheila.

RESOLUO:

Sheila was sent many flowers.

a) (some) aid recipients (in this beleaguered African nation)

b) (new) strategies

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Mdulo 19 Text
Losing Weight
Its all in the snacks

1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

The text is mainly about

the way the obese are losing weight.
the ideal number of calories a person should intake a day.
a daily indulgence.
a new kind of diet.
the benefits of being a couch-potato.

2.
a)

The survey mentioned in the text has found that

its nearly impossible to lose weight if you eat too much in
the afternoon.
b) you wont regain what you lost if you quit premium
icecream.
c) by reducing 100 calories out of your daily diet, you may
lose about 5 kilos in a year.
d) if you really want to lose weight, you have to reschedule all
your diet.
e) you wont put on weight if you overeat at the same time
every day.

ost people see losing weight as a 24/7 battle

3. A synonym for to gorge is

a) to squeeze.
b) to fast.
d) to eat less.
e) to chew.

c) to eat greedily.

against fat, calories and overeating in other

words, a battle theyre sure to lose. But a new

Vocabulary

survey by Nutricise, an online weight-loss program

(nutricise.com), suggests that skirmishes may work better than

a 24/7 battle = uma batalha constante

all-out war. Nearly all the 400 people surveyed said they usually
overate at the same time every day. Just under a third tended to
wolf down goodies in the afternoon; more than a third gorged

skirmishes = conflitos
all-out war = guerra total

during prime-time television hours. Candies, cookies and

doughnuts were the main temptations, providing many noshers

to wolf down = devorar

with 300 to 500 calories per snack.

goodies = guloseimas

With a target that fat, you dont have to change your whole
diet to lose weight. Suppose you could shave just 100 calories

noshers = aqueles que gostam de beliscar

out of the daily indulgence by forgoing a cookie or a third of

a candy bar, or by substituting frozen yogurt for premium
icecream. If you persevered, you would lose approximately 10

target = objetivo, alvo

to shave out = reduzir

pounds over the course of a year, even while leaving the rest of
to forgo = abrir mo de, renunciar a

your diet alone. Small sacrifice, big return.

(Newsweek)

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Mdulo 20 Text
Vacation Homes
There's no Place like Home

b) people are increasingly buying vacation properties abroad.

c) most people still buy vacation properties distant from
home.
d) you have to be very wealthy to buy a holiday home since
prices have been increasing lately.
e) holidaying overseas is surely cheaper than holidaying in
your own city.

2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
There was a time when only royalty and the very rich
owned vacation homes abroad. That's changed. Though money
still helps, in the last few years holidaying in your own overseas
property has become much more common. There is no doubt
that the vacation-home market has recently increased in
popularity, says Piers Brunner, a managing director.

Henrietta Wheatman
intends to buy properties in Sri Lanka, Spain and Hungary.
has paid around $24,000 for her Thai vacation property.
's houses have developed into a highly profitable business.
has been living overseas since she decided to buy a house
in Thailand.
regrets having bought so many holiday homes.

3.

In: "Though money still helps, ..., the underlined word is

closest in meaning to:
a) Despite the fact.
b) So.
c) However.
d) But.
e) Because.

People are buying these secondary homes because, well,

Vocabulary

they can. More and more countries now allow foreigners to own
property at relatively affordable prices. Elsewhere, developers

to allow = permitir

now step in to take care of the legalities. And though experts

affordable prices = preos acessveis

say that most people still buy real estate within a four-hour ride

elsewhere = em outros lugares

of their primary residence, improved travel routes have opened

up new markets, especially in Asia and Europe. Among the

though = embora

hottest new destinations: Sri Lanka, Spain and Hungary.

real estate = bens imobilirios

Buying a vacation home can also be a good investment.

to rent out = alugar

Henrietta Wheatman earned $50,000 last year by renting out her

to offset = compensar

Thai villa, more than offsetting the $24,000 it costs annually to

maintain and staff the house. All her vacation homes have

rentals = aluguis

False Friends

appreciated up to 100 percent, and practically pay for

themselves through rentals brought in by referrals and Web
experts = especialistas

sites.

estate = propriedades, bens

(adapted from Newsweek)

1.
a)

According to the passage,

more and more people would rather spend their holidays in
their own countries.

396

Ateno: estes tambm so false friends

to push = empurrar
to realize = compreender

C3 3A Ing Tar Conv Lu 28/04/11 09:40 Pgina 397

d) He saw a long strand of human hair in a stone.

e) He was aware that extra-terrestrial creatures had built the
pyramids.

Mdulo 21 Text
Pyramids
Synthetic stones clue to
mystery of pyramids

2.
a)

Why were scholars baffled for nearly 5,000 years?

Because they discovered the stones of the pyramids were
synthetic.
b) Because there were 50,000 or 100,000 workers building
the pyramids.
c) Because the substance was bound together so well it could
not be distinguished from natural stone.
d) Because a long strand of human hair was found encased in
one of the stones.
e) They couldn't explain how the workers could have
transported millions of blocks of stones to build the pyramids.
3.

A French industrial chemist says he has discovered how

the ancient Egyptians built the great pyramids of Giza with only
primitive toolsthey poured their own synthetic stones one on
top of another.
We have now studied the stones from a chemical and a
microscopic point of view and we have proof they are
synthetic, Dr Joseph Davidovits told the Miami Herald.
He said a strand of hair gave him the clue to the puzzle that
has baffled scholars for nearly 5,000 years.
Archaeologists have long wondered how a society without
sophisticated machinery hauled millions of blocks of stone from
pits that were miles away and then stacked them up to 40 storeys
high.
Some have theorised that brute strength or pulleys were the
key. Others have even credited extra-terrestrial creatures with
the feat.
Davidovits said his tests on five small casing stones from
the largest of the great pyramids showed they were composed
of a limestone fossil-shell concrete. He said the substance was
bound together so well that it almost could not be distinguished
from natural stone.
He says his theory is proved by a two and a half centimetre
long strand of human hair found encased in one of the stones.
The hair fell into the mixture when the pyramid was being
poured, he said.
We think the mixture was transported in baskets that
weighed 20 or 30 pounds, said Davidovits, It wasnt easy for
the Egyptians but they did not need 50,000 or 100,000 workers
as is assumed. We speculate there were 1,500 workers on site.
(Miami Herald)
1.

How could the French chemist prove that the great

pyramids were built with synthetic stones?
a) He used primitive tools.
b) He used a microscope.
c) He discovered that the Egyptians had used strength or
pulleys.

According to the chemist, how was the mixture of the

stones transported?
a) With a system of pulleys.
b) There were 50,000 or 100,000 workers to do this job.
c) There were 1,500 workers to do this job.
d) In baskets.
e) With primitive tools.

Vocabulary
tools = ferramentas
to pour = descarregar
a strand of hair = um fio de cabelo
clue = dica
to baffle = intrigar
to haul = puxar
to stack up = empilhar
limestone = calcrio

Double Sense Words

chemist =

qumico
farmacutico

to wonder = maravilhar-se
querer saber, perguntar-se
Ateno
figure =

figura
nmero

{
{
{

faint = desmaio
leve
major = major
principal
minute = minuto
mnimo

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Mdulo 22 Text
Birds

The extinction of many species of birds has undoubtedly been hastened by modern man; since 1600 it has been estimated that
approximately 100 bird species have become extinct over the world. In North America, the first species known to be annihilated was
the great auk, a flightless bird that served as an easy source of food and bait for Atlantic fishermen through the beginning of the
nineteenth century.
1.
a)
c)
e)

You may deduce from the passage that the great auk
disappeared
before 1600.
b) in the 1600s.
in the 1800s.
d) in the 1900s.
in the last fifty years.

It can be inferred from the passage that the great auk was
killed because
a) it was eating the fishermen's catch.
b) fishermen used to eat it.
c) it flew over fishing areas.
d) it baited fishermen.
e) it couldn't find anything to eat.

Vocabulary
auk = alca (ave)
bait = isca

Ateno

2.

3.
a)
c)
e)

To be hastened, in the text, could be translated as

ser liderada.
b) ser concluda.
ser prejudicada.
d) ser interrompida.
ser acelerada.

398

No confunda

source of
(= fonte)

heat
energy
light
comfort
pride
disappointment

resource of
(= recurso)
(= reservas)

money
skills
uranium
oil
coal

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Mdulo 23 Grammar Passive Voice

1.

a)
c)
e)
2.

a)
c)
e)

Change active to passive:

Someone is going to announce the results of the contest.
The results of the contest ............................. .
were announced
b) was announced
have been announced
d) are going to announce
are going to be announced
Change active to passive:
The carpenter has fixed this chair several times.
This chair ........................ by the carpenter several times.
was fixed
b) had been fixed
has been fixing
d) had fixed
has been fixed

3.

The active voice of The coffee was being made when I

walked into the kitchen is:
........................................ when I walked into the kitchen.
a) Someone made the coffee
b) They were made the coffee
c) Somebody have made the coffee
d) They were making the coffee
e) Someone were making the coffee
Change active to passive:
A bee stung Alice while she was sitting in the garden.
....................................... while she was sitting in the garden.
a) Alice was sting by a bee.
b) Alice was stung by a bee.
c) Alice has been stung by a bee.
d) Alice stings a bee.
e) Alice was stinging by a bee.

d) Peter should tell him about his grades.

e) Somebody told Peter about his grades.
7.

a)
c)
e)

Change active to passive:

Nobody told me that the teacher was in hospital.
....................... that the teacher was in hospital.
I have been told
b) I wasnt told
I was told
d) I hadnt been told
They didnt tell me

8.

Change active to passive:

Is Jack closing the windows?
a) The windows are being closed by Jack?
b) Have the windows been closed by Jack?
c) Are the windows closing Jack?
d) Are the windows being closed by Jack?
e) Are the windows been closed by Jack?
9.

The active voice of The report wasnt written by the

employees is:
a) The employees havent written the report.
b) The employees didnt wrote the report.
c) The employees hadnt written the report.
d) The employees werent writing the report.
e) The employees didnt write the report.

4.

5.

Change active to passive:

People say that she sings well.
a) People is said that she sings well.
b) She is said that she sings well.
c) She is said to sing well.
d) People are said that she sings well.
e) She sings well is said.
6.

The active voice of Peter should be told about his grades

is:
a) Someone should tell Peter about his grades.
b) They should to tell Peter about his grades.
c) They should have told Peter about his grades.

10. Change active to passive:

Drivers must obey certain rules.
Certain rules ............... by drivers.
a) must have obeyed
b) has to be obeyed
c) must be obeyed
d) must to be obeyed
e) must be obeying
11. Change active to passive:
Someone has stolen his wallet.
His wallet ....................... .
a) is stolen
b) has been stolen
c) was stolen
d) had been stolen
e) stole
12. Change active to passive:
Someone is considering Jennifer for that job.
a) Jennifer is considered for that job.
b) Jennifer was considered for that job.
c) Jennifer will be considered for that job.
d) Jennifer is being considered for that job.
e) Jennifer has been considered for that job.

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Mdulo 24 Text
NEVER AS GOOD AS AT HOME
Don't forget the Marmite, love

b) most Britons dont take their swimwear with them when

they travel abroad.
c) beer is an item that British holidaymakers admit to taking
abroad with them.
d) Britons usually feel uncomfortable when they are in a
foreign country.
e) Britons are advised not to take black pudding with them
when they travel abroad.

2.

a)
c)
e)

3.

a)
c)
e)

In:
They are just three bizarre items that holidaymakers,
the underlined word is closest in meaning to
strange.
b) common.
familiar.
d) helpful.
valuable.

In:
He did not trust dodgy Spanish ones, the verb to trust
could be translated as
comprar.
b) aceitar.
usar.
d) confiar.
elogiar.

ts not unusual to pack a few home comforts when you jet

Vocabulary

off on holiday but scores of Britons take black pudding,

milk and bacon along with their swimwear and sun cream.

They are just three bizarre items that holidaymakers admit to

taking abroad with them, dismissing foreign alternatives as
never as good as at home. Other must-haves include real ale,
English mustard, Marmite and quilted toilet paper, a survey
found.

ale = espcie de cerveja

toilet paper = papel higinico
condoms = preservativos
dodgy = no confiveis
bleach = alvejante

A 35-year-old legal expert told RAC researchers that he

refused to travel without British condoms because he did not

a good going-over = uma boa limpada

trust dodgy Spanish ones, and a devoted husband said he

always packed a 15ft extension cable so his wife could use her

False Friends

hairdryer anywhere. One 43-year-old woman took bleach and

rubber gloves in her suitcase to give the bathroom a good

Ateno:

going-over when she arrived.

(Metro)
1.
a)

The survey, mentioned in the text, showed that

most Britons prefer to spend their holidays in a foreign
country.

400

expert = especialista

Lembre-se destes importantes false friends

to record = gravar
to retire = aposentar-se