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2T
2
t
x
u
x
x x
equation
, where
represents any fluid property and u
represents velocity, using (a) central-difference scheme and (b) upwind
scheme. Discuss with suitable example at what situation central-difference
and upwind scheme are applicable.
4. Explain the steps involved for solving Navier-Stokes equations using
fractional-step method?
2T 2T
T
2
2
t
y
x
2
2
t
x
y
2
n
2
2
t
x
y
2
2
2
O t , x
7. Explain the advantages of staggered grid over collocated grid. Draw a neat
sketch of u-, v- and p-control volumes and indicate the storage points clearly
for both staggered and collocated grid?
The checker-board pressure yield non-zero pressure gradient terms in
staggered grid arrangement. A further advantage of the staggered grid
arrangement is that it generates velocities at exactly the locations where
they are required for the scalar transport- convection-diffusion-computations.
Hence, no interpolation is needed to calculate velocities at the scalar cell
faces.
Explain the significance of substantial derivative and the physical meaning of divergence
with respect to a moving fluid element.
1. By applying a suitable fundamental physical principle to a flow model, derive the momentum
equation along y direction.
2. Explain the method of elliptic grid generation.
1. Discuss SIMPLE algorithm used to solve incompressible flow problems.
2. Examine using Lax method the stability characteristics of the first order wave equation
u
u
c 0
t
x
where, c is the wave speed, u is the wave amplitude and x, t are spatial
0
x y
2
3. Transform
the
( x, y )
Laplaces
equation,
x, y
from
( x, y )
and
to
),
where