Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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Produced
by the Philippines-Australia Hastening the Impact of PROBE (PA-HIP)
under the AusAID Vulnerable Groups Facility (VGF)
Philippines-Australia Hastening the Impact of PROBE (PA-HIP)
Regional Learning Materials Center VII (RLMC VII)
Published by the
PHILIPPINES - AUSTRALIA PROJECT IN BASIC EDUCATION (PROBE)
REGIONAL LEARNING MATERIALS CENTER (RLMC VII)
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Cebu City
Copyright 2002
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:
SALVACION O. ROILES
ISF - Secondary Science
Mandaue City Division
Writer
The production of this Teacher Support Material (TSM) has been made possible with the assistance
of the PA-PROBE HIP VGF RLMC VII Staff.
This TSM package has been adopted for online distribution through the Learning Resource Management Development System (LRMDS) Portal by Region VII under Project STRIVE for BESRA, a
project supported by AUSAID.
OILSPILLANDITSADVERSEEFFECTS
CONTENTS
Description
Target Audience
Duration
Objectives
Procedure
Teaching Hints
Evaluation
Enrichment Activities
Resource List
ANSWER KEY
Poor Eggs!
Poster It!
References
Description
This material is in the form of Student Activity Cards. The activities included here simulate the
hazards brought about by oil spill upon the environment . This environmental issue stimulates deep
concern by highly advanced countries in the global community. Our country however, is still lukewarm
and have not made tangible efforts to minimize or control this problem either through proper legislation
or strict implementation of existing laws.
The accompanying activities in this material can help students develop their mathematical skills such
as converting one unit of measurement to another and improve their problem- solving skills. Their
values and attitude with regard to the preservation of our environment will also be heightened.
Teaching strategies such as Carousel Brainstorming, Laboratory Method and the 5 Es Approach
are utilized in the activities.
Teachers may refer to the INSET The Adverse Effects of Oil Spill - The Workshop on the mechanics
of the suggested strategies.
Target Audience
First and Second Year Science and Technology Students
Duration
Four sessions at sixty (60) minutes each
Objectives
Activity Card No. 1
Identify and describe the effects of an oil spill on birds eggs nesting near the seashore
Sketch the features of chicken feathers before and after exposing them to gasoline or used
motor oil and a detergent
Compare and discuss the changes in a chickens feathers after exposing them to gasoline and
to a detergent
Identify and infer some effects these changes could have upon a chicken or a normal bird
Make a poster about the hazardous effects of oil spill among living things and the environment
Express ones attitude or value towards environmental concern
Procedure
Preparation
Divide the class into small groups with a maximum of five members or less.
Let each group members choose their leader, performer, recorder, observer and reporter.
Membership to each group should be of mixed learning abilities.
Reproduce the Activity Cards for maximum participation.
Materials should be pre-assigned to the group prior to the activity.
Pre-Activity
Activity Proper
PostActivity
Require each group to publish their answers so that other groups can react to each others
responses.
Process and clarify students responses so that they may be properly guided.
3
Teaching Hints
Discuss first with the students the topic on oil spill before undertaking the activity.
The objectives in the Activity Cards may be changed so as to fit a particular lesson based
upon the suggested objectives.
Observe closely the time allotment in every activity.
The Handouts and Reading Materials contained in the INSET Package Adverse Effects of
Oil Spill - The Workshop may be reproduced for students use.
give additional objectives in a particular activity or to change some of them to jibe with the
subject matter
allow the group of students to perform the three (3) different activities at the same time then
interchange after each performance or if they finish early; or
let the group perform all the three (3) different activities consecutively
emphasize the scientific aspect and human values of the activities by providing the appropriate
objective/s
require each group to submit a list of negative effects of oil spill in the country
let the students use live fish known as bakasi or live seashells instead of fresh eggs in the
activity if available in the locality
allow students to use sea water instead of fresh water in the activity if available
let the class do the Poster-Making Activity at home and finalize it the following day
let each group do the enrichment activities.
Evaluation
To measure the learning skills and knowledge acquired by the students, the teacher will:
Enrichment Activities
The teacher may hold a contest for the best drawing made by the group regarding the chicken
feathers to add enjoyment to the activity.
Encourage students to participate in a debate regarding the role of legislators or lawmakers to
pass laws and regulate the hazardous effects of oil spill in the country.
Do some newscasting contest based on the newsclippings gathered.
Resource List
1 copy of the Teachers Guide Booklet
1 set of Master Copy of the Activity Cards
1 set of Sample Copies of the Activity Cards
ANSWER KEY
Activity Card No. 1 - Far and Wide
Procedure A.
1.
2.
5.
There is no reaction between water and oil for they are immiscible. It is because oil has
properties which make it immiscible with water.
6.
Temperature (0C)
Condition
Tap water or seawater with gasoline Answers may range from 340 C-390 C.
9.
10.
11.
a.)
=
=
c.)
Description / Inference
Egg Number
5.
Shell
Egg Yolk
Liquid / Material
Temperature ( 0C)
Water
11.
Egg No./
Beaker No.
Time Limit
Shell
Egg Yolk
After 10 - minutes
After 10 - minutes
After 30 - minutes
No changes observed
No changes observed
12.
Liquid / Material
Temperature (0C)
Water
Feather No.
Type of Feather
Appearance
Unsoaked feather
Soaked in Water
Soaked in Oil
Strands are glued together, color change noticeable from dominantly black to brownish
Washed Feather
References:
Developing Cooperative Skills Through Carousel Brainstorming (INSET - PROBE1999)
Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia - 1998
Magazine Clippings about oil spill and other environmental concerns
Newspaper Articles about oil spill and other environmental concerns
The Adverse Effects of Oil Spill - The Workshop ( INSET - PROBE 2000 )
Activity Card
Card No.1
Activity
No. 1
Activity
Card60
No.1
Time
Limit:
min
Objectives
Materials
circular, shallow pan; 1 teaspoon gasoline or used motor oil, thermometer, water (tap or
seawater), mm-ruler, calculator
Procedure - A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
pan
.
Condition
Tap water or seawater
Tap water or seawater with gasoline
gasoline
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
pan
Answer: A = p D 2
4
If 1 gallon = 768 teaspoons and 1 teaspoon of gasoline can travel a distance using the value for the
distance covered by a teaspoonful of gasoline or used motor oil in Step No. 8, calculate the area that
might be covered by an oil spill caused by:
Area Covered
-
________________________
________________________
________________________
Procedure - B.
1.
2.
3.
Prepare your table of results and observations and choose your reporter.
Compare your results with the other group through your reporter.
Take your news articles or magazine clippings about oil spill and discuss among your members the
possible adverse effects of oil spill among marine lives, the people and the environment.
Activity Card
Card No.1
Activity
No. 2
Time Limit:
Time
Limit:4060min.
min
POOR EGGS!
Objectives
Identify and describe the effects of an oil spill on birdseggs nesting near the seashore
Materials
4 pieces fresh eggs, 4 pieces 250-ml beaker, 4 pieces petri dish, stopwatch, used motor oil or gasoline,
fresh water or sea water, magazine or newspaper clippings about oil spill
Procedure - A
2.
3.
4.
egg
egg
egg
egg
1.
Beaker
1
Beaker
2
Beaker
3
Description / Inference
Egg Number
Shell
Egg yolk
4
Beaker
4
Beaker
1
water
Beaker
Beaker Beaker
2
3
4
gasoline or used motor oil
7.
Liquid / Material
Temperature (0C)
Water
Gasoline/ used motor
oil
Place simultaneously about 200 ml of fresh
water or sea water in Beaker 1 and about
200 ml of gasoline or used motor oil in
beakers 2, 3, and 4.
Follow these time limits for the eggs to stay
in the set up.
Beaker No.
Egg No.
10 minutes
10 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
8.
9.
10.
11.
Liquid Used
When each time limit is reached, remove the eggs from their respective beakers and examine
their shells using the hand lens. Record your observations on the table.
After examining the shells, carefully crack the eggs and place them individually on separate
petri dish.
Take note of the color and condition of the egg yolk.
Compare the 4 eggs based upon the results indicated on the table.
Egg No./
Beaker No.
Time Limit
After 10 - minutes
After 10 - minutes
After 20 - minutes
After 30 - minutes
Shell
Egg Yolk
Procedure - B
1.
2.
3.
Prepare your table of results and observations and choose your reporter.
Compare your results with the other group through your reporter.
Take your news articles or magazine clippings about oil spill and discuss among your members
the possible adverse effects of oil spill among marine lives, the people and the environment.
Activity Card
Activity
CardNo.1
No. 3
Activity
Card60
No.1
Time
Limit:
min
Sketch the features of chicken feathers before and after exposing them to gasoline or used
motor oil and a detergent
Compare and discuss the changes in a chickens feathers after exposing them to gasoline and
to a detergent
Identify and infer some effects these changes could have upon a chicken or a normal bird
Materials
chicken feathers, 4 pieces 250-ml beakers, tap water or sea water, gasoline or used motor oil, handlens,
1 tablespoon liquid detergent solution, stopwatch, pencil, colored pens, and pieces of bond paper
Procedure - A
1.
2.
4.
5.
Liquid / Material
Water
Gasoline/ used motor oil
Temperature (0C)
Follow these time limits for the feathers to stay in the set up:
Beaker No.
Feather No.
1
2
3
4
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1
2
3
4
When each time limit is reached, remove the feathers from their respective beakers and examine each
of them using the handlens.
Make a table of observation for the drawings of the unsoaked, soaked, and washed chickens
feathers.
Sketch your observations on the feathers and compare them with each other.
Clean the feathers with gasoline or used motor oil using the liquid detergent, rinse in water and dry.
Examine the feather with the handlens and sketch them.
Compare the sketches of unsoaked, soaked and washed feathers using the table below.
Feather No.
Type of Feather
Unsoaked Feather
Soaked in Water
Soaked in Oil
Washed Feather
Appearance
Procedure - B
1.
2.
3.
Prepare your table of results and observations and choose your reporter.
Compare your results with the other group through your reporter.
Discuss among your members the adverse effects of oil spill among birds and marine lives, the people
and the environment.
Activity Card
Card No.1
Activity
No. 4
Activity
Card60
No.1
Time
Limit:
min
POSTER IT!
Objectives
Make a poster about the hazardous effects of oil spill among living things and the environment
Express ones attitude or value towards environmental concern
Materials
pencil, pentel pens, coloring materials, bond paper, manila paper or cartolina
Procedure - A
1.
2.
Make a sketch or layout of a poster which would depict or show ones concern about the
effects of an oil spill to the environment.
3.
Work collaboratively with your group mates to come up with a unique design or idea making
your poster presentable.
4.
Choose your colors well and make an appropriate slogan to your poster.
5.
6.
COPYRIGHT PAGE
SALVACION O. ROILES
ISF - Secondary Science
Mandaue City Division
CONTENTS
Description
Target Audience
Subject Matter / Learning Competencies
Duration
Objectives
Instructions / Procedures for Use
Teaching Hints
Evaluation
Enrichment Activities
Resource List
References
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
ANSWER KEY
Activity No. 1
Activity No. 2
Activity No. 3
Activity No. 4
4
5
6
7
Description
This material is in the form of Student Activity Cards. The activities included here simulate the hazards
brought about by oil spill upon the environment . This environmental issue stimulated deep concern by highly
advanced countries in the global community. Our country however, is still lukewarm and have not made
tangible efforts to minimize or control this problem either through proper legislation or strict implementation
of existing laws.
The accompanying activities in this material can help students develop their mathematical skills such as
converting one unit of measurement to another and improve their problem- solving skills. Their values and
attitude with regard to the preservation of our environment will also be heightened.
Teaching strategies such as Carousel Brainstorming , Laboratory Method and the 5 Es Approach are
utilized in the activities.
Teachers may refer to the INSET The Adverse Effects of Oil Spill - The Workshop on the mechanics
of the suggested strategies.
Target Audience
First and Second Year Science and Technology Students
Unit VII.
2.
3.
3.3.1 3.3.2 -
Unit II.
2.
2.2.2 3.
3.3.1 -
3.3.2
marine destruction
thermal inversion
biomagnification
Recognize mans role in maintaining balance in nature
Unit II.
1.
1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 2.
-
Ecosystem - Enrichment
Fourth Grading Period
Demonstrate concern for ecological problems
Appreciate the implications of human activities in relation to solving ecological problems
Suggest ways of minimizing or preventing ecological problems
Support and participate in environmental programs
Understand mans role in maintaining balance in nature
Unit III.
2.
2.2.1 2.2.2 -
Unit IV.
1.
1.1.6 -
Duration
Three sessions at eighty (80) minutes each
Objectives
Activity Card No.1
To identify and describe the effects of an oil spill on birds eggs nesting near the seashore
To sketch the features of chicken feathers before and after exposing them to gasoline or
used motor oil and a detergent
To compare and discuss the changes in a chickens feathers after exposing them to gasoline
and to a detergent
To identify and infer some effects these changes upon a chicken or a normal bird
To make a poster about the hazardous effects of oil spill among living things and the
environment
Divide the class into small groups with a maximum of five members or less.
Let each group members choose their leader, performer, recorder, observer and reporter.
Membership to each group should be of mixed learning abilities.
Observe closely the time allotment in every activity.
Reproduce the Activity Cards for maximum participation.
Materials should be pre-assigned to the group prior to the activity.
Pre-Activity
Activity Proper
Post Activity
Require each group to publish their answers so that other groups can react to each others
responses.
Process and clarify students responses so that they may be properly guided.
Teaching Hints
Discuss first with the students the topic on oil spill before undertaking the activity.
The objectives in the Activity cards may be changed so as to fit a particular lesson based
upon the suggested objectives.
The Handouts and Reading Materials contained in the INSET Package may be reproduced
for students use.
give additional objectives in a particular activity or to change some of them to jibe with the
subject matter
allow the group of students to perform the three (3) different activities at the same time then
interchange after each performance or if they finish early
let the group perform all the three (3) different activities consecutively
emphasize the scientific aspect and human values of the activities by providing the appro priate objective/s
require each group to submit a list of negative effects of oil spill in the country
let the students use live fish known as bakasi or live seashells instead of fresh eggs in
the activity if available in the locality
allow students to use sea water instead of fresh water in the activity if available
let the class do the Poster-Making Activity at home and submit it the following day.
Evaluation
To measurethe learning skills and knowledge acquired by the students, the teacher will:
Enrichment Activities
The teacher may hold a contest for the best drawing made by the group regarding the
chicken feathers to add enjoyment.
Encourage students to participate in a debate regarding the role of legislators or lawmakers
in the country to pass laws and regulate the hazardous effects of oil spill in the country.
Resource List
1 copy of the Teachers Guide Booklet
1 set of Master Copy of the Activity Cards
1 set of Sample Copies of the Activity Cards
ANSWER KEY:
Activity 1 - Far and Wide
Procedure A.
1.
2.
5.
There is no reaction between water and oil for they are immiscible. It is because oil has
properties which make it immiscible with water.
6.
Condition
Temperature (0C)
9.
10.
11.
a.)
c.)
Description / Inference
Egg Number
Egg yolk
5.
Shell
Liquid / Material
Temperature ( 0C)
Water
11.
Egg No./
Beaker No.
Time Limit
Shell
Egg Yolk
No changes observed
After 10 - minutes
Disintegrates, scatters
After 30 - minutes
Totally disintegrates
12.
Liquid / Material
Temperature (0C)
Water
Feather No.
Type of Feather
Appearance
Unsoaked feather
Soaked in Water
Soaked in Oil
Strands are glued together, color change noticeable from dominantly black to brownish
Washed Feather
References:
The Adverse Effects of Oil Spill - The Workshop ( INSET - PROBE )
Developing Cooperative Skills Through Carousel Brainstorming (INSET - PROBE)
Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia - 1998
Magazine Clippings
Newspaper Articles
Objectives
Materials
circular, shallow pan; 1 teaspoon gasoline or used motor oil, thermometer, water (tap or seawater),
mm-ruler, calculator
Procedure - A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
Temperature (0C)
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Answer: A = p D 2
4
If 1 gallon = 768 teaspoons and 1 teaspoon of gasoline can travel a distance using the value for the
distance covered by a teaspoonful of gasoline or used motor oil in Step No. 8, calculate the area that
might be covered by an oil spillc aused by:
Area Covered
-
Procedure - B.
1.
2.
3.
Prepare your table of results and observations and choose your reporter.
Compare your results with the other group through your reporter.
Take your news articles or magazine clippings about oil spill and discuss among your members the
possible adverse effects of oil spill among marine lives, the people and the environment.
POOR EGGS!
Objectives
To identify and describe the effects of an oil spilll on birdseggs nesting near the seashore
Materials
4 pieces fresh eggs, 4 pieces 250-ml beaker, 4 pieces petri dish, stopwatch, used motor oil or gasoline,
fresh water or sea water
Procedure - A
1
2.
3.
4.
1.
Beaker
1
Beaker
2
Beaker
3
Description / Inference
Egg Number
1
Shell
Egg yolk
Beaker
4
5.
Beaker
1
water
9.
10.
11.
Beaker
Beaker Beaker
2
3
4
gasoline or used motor oil
Beaker No.
8.
Egg No.
7.
Liquid / Material
Temperature (0C)
Water
Gasoline/ used motor
oil
Place simultaneously about 200 ml of fresh
water or sea water in Beaker 1 and about
200 ml of gasoline or used motor oil in
beakers 2, 3, and 4.
Follow these time limits for the eggs to stay
in the set up.
Liquid Used
10 minutes
10 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
When each time limit is reached, remove the eggs from their respective beakers and examine
their shells using the handlens. Record your observations on the table.
After examining the shells, carefully crack the eggs and place them individually on separate
petri dish.
Observe the condition of the eggs yolks and record them on the table.
Compare the 4 eggs based upon the results indicated on the table.
Egg No./
Time Limit
Shell
Egg Yolk
Beaker No.
1
After 10 - minutes
After 10 - minutes
After 20 - minutes
After 30 - minutes
Procedure - B.
1.
2.
3.
Prepare your table of results and observations and choose your reporter.
Compare your results with the other group through your reporter.
Take your news articles or magazine clippings about oil spill and discuss among your members
the possible adverse effects of oil spill among marine lives, the people and the environment.
4.
5.
Temperature (0C)
6.
8.
4.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Follow these time limits for the feathers to stay in the set up:
Beaker No.
Feather No.
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
When each time limit is reached, remove the feathers from their respective beakers and examine each
of them using the hand lens.
Make a table of observation for the drawings of the unsoaked, soaked, and washed chickens
feathers.
Sketch your observations on the feathers and compare them with each other.
Clean the feathers with gasoline or used motor oil using the liquid detergent, rinse in water and dry.
Examine the feather with the handlens and sketch them.
Compare the sketches of unsoaked, soaked and washed feathers using the table below.
Feather No.
Type of Feather
Unsoaked feather
Soaked in Water
Soaked in Oil
Washed Feather
Appearance
Procedure - B.
1.
2.
3.
Prepare your table of results and observations and choose your reporter.
Compare your results with the other group through your reporter.
Take your news articles or magazine clippings about oil spill and discuss among your members
the possible adverse effects of oil spill among marine lives, the people and the environment.
POSTER IT!
Objectives
To make a poster about the hazardous effects of oil spill among living things and the environment.
To express ones attitude or value towards environmental concern.
Materials
pencil, pentel pens, coloring materials, bond paper, Manila paper or Cartolina
Procedure - A
1.
2.
Make a sketch or layout of a poster which would depict or show ones concern aboutthe effects
of an oil spill to the environment.
3.
Work collaboratively with your group mates to come up with a unique design or idea making your
poster presentable.
4.
Choose your colors well and make an appropriate slogan to your poster.
5.
6.