Peristasis: Amplifying by describing attendant circumstances; A

description of attendant circumstances: time, place, occasion,

personal characteristics, background, education, habits, etc.
Encomium: Praise of a person or thing by extolling inherent
qualities.
Taxis: Peacham makes it a figure: "Distributes to every subject his
most proper and natural adjunct." Touchstone says:
As the ox hath his bow, sir, the horse his curb, and the falcon
her bells, so man hath his desires; and as pigeons bill, so
wedlock would be nibbling.
(As You Like It, III, iii)
Epitheton: Qualifying the subject with an appropriate adjective; an
adjective that frequently or habitually accompanies a certain noun:
O sir, we quarrel in print, by the book, as you have books for
good manners. I will name you the degrees. The first, the Retort
Courteous; the second, the Quip Modest; the third, the Reply
Churlish; the fourth, the Reproof Valiant; the fifth, the
Countercheck Quarrelsome; the sixth, the Lie with Circumstance;
the seventh, the Lie Direct.
(As You Like It, V, iv)
Antonomasia: Descriptive phrase for proper name, as when Churchill
crossed out a cabinet minister's name and inserted "Some funkstick in
the Air Ministry." Or, proper name for quality associated with it:
"Perfect! Pollyana marries Milquetoast!" Quintilian points out the
similarity to Synecdoche.
Periphrasis: Circumlocution, as when Sir Winston Churchill is said to
have replied to an impertinent question, "The answer to your
question, sir, is in the plural, and they bounce." Descriptive phrase
for a common noun.
Metonymy: There are four types, corresponding to the four Causes:
substitution of cause for effect or effect for cause, proper name for
one of its qualities or vice versa; so the Wife of Bath is spoken of
as half Venus and half Mars to denote her unique mixture of love and
strife. Kenneth Burke (in Appendix D to A Grammar of Motives)
includes metonymy in his list of four "master tropes." Each, he
points out, can perform a function considerably wider than its formal
rhetorical definition
might indicate:
For metaphor we could substitute perspective;
For metonymy we could substitute reduction;

For synecdoche we could substitute representation;

For irony we could substitute dialectic.
Perhaps metonymy has received attention in postmodern critical
thinking because it is an affair finally of scale-manipulation, and
manipulating scale in time and space undergirds much postmodern art
and music. Or perhaps, since collage has stood at the center of the
postmodern art world, the juxtaposition of metonymy has been felt to
be the central instance of the transforming power of metaphor.
Energia/Hypotyposis: A general term for vigor, vividness, energy in
expression.
Prosopographia: A type of Enargia which vividly describes the
appearance of a person, imaginary or real, quick or dead.
Prosopopoeia: An animal or an inanimate object is represented as
having human attributes and addressed or made to speak as if it were
human.
Characterismus: The description of a person's character (physical or
mental).
Ethopoeia: The description and portrayal of a character (natural
propensities, manners and affections, etc.).
Mimesis: Description of gesture, pronunciation, or utterance.
Dialogismus/Sermocinatio: A description of speech, especially when
the orator engages in a counterfeit dialogue with the feigned person.
Pragmatographia: Description of an action; a reported narrative.
Chronographia: Vivid representation of a certain historical or
recurring time (such as a season)
Topographia: Description of a place.
Topothesia: Description of an imaginary place